Proiect Oxizi
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![Page 1: Proiect Oxizi](https://reader033.fdocument.pub/reader033/viewer/2022061323/55cf8de8550346703b8c9266/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OXIZI
CLASA: a-VIII-a A CLASA: a-VIII-a A
Musat Maria Anastasia
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DEFINITIE
• Oxizii sunt substante chimice compuse in a caror compozitie intra atomi de oxigen si atomi ai unui alt element( metal sau nemetal)
• Ex: CO, CaO, SO2, CO2 , Al2O3, N2O3, BaO
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CLASIFICARE
• Dupa compozitie , oxizii se clasifica in doua categorii:
a) Oxizi metalicib) Oxizi nemetalici
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OXIZII METALICI
• Sunt oxizi in a caror compozitie intra atomi de oxigen si atomi de metal
Ex:CaO, Al2O3, MgO, Na2O, BaO, K2O, ZnO etc.
-Se mai numesc oxizi bazici, deoarece in reactie cu apa , formeaza baze.
CaO+H2O->Ca(OH)2(stingerea varului)
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Oxizii nemetalici
• Sunt oxizi in a caror compozitie intra atomi de oxigen si atomi de nemetal.
Ex: CO, SO2, CO2, SO3, Cl2O3, SiO2, F2O,etc
- Se mai numesc oxizi acizi, deoarece in reactie cu apa , formeaza acizi.
CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3(obtinerea sifonului)
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DENUMIREA OXIZILOR
• Denumirea oxizilor nemetalici se realizeaza astfel:
Prefixul care indica numarul atomilor de oxigen + oxid + de + denumirea nemetalului
• CO-monoxid de carbon• SO3-trioxid de sulf• CO2-dioxid de carbon• SiO2- dioxid de siliciu• Cl2O3- trioxid de clor• Cl2O5- pentoxid de clor• Cl2O7-heptoxid de clor• F2O-monoxid de fluor• P2O3-trioxid de fosfor• P2O5-pentoxid de fosfor• Br2O3-trioxid de brom• Br2O5-pentoxid de brom
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Denumirea oxizilor metalici
• Cand metalele au valenta constanta:
• Oxid+de+denumirea metalului
Na2O-oxid de sodiuNa2O-oxid de sodiuCaO-oxid de calciuCaO-oxid de calciuMgO-oxid de magneziuMgO-oxid de magneziuAl2O3-oxid de aluminiuAl2O3-oxid de aluminiuBaO-oxid de bariuBaO-oxid de bariu
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Cand metalele au doua valente:
a)Oxid+de+denumirea metalului+valenta metaluluib)Oxid +denumirea metalului+sufixul-ic(pt. valenta
sup.)sau sufixul-os(pt. valenta inf.)
Fe203-oxid de fier III; oxid feric FeO-oxid de fier II; oxid feros CuO-oxid de cupru II; oxid cupric Cu2O-oxid de cupru I; oxid cupros SnO-oxid de staniu II; oxid stanos SnO2-oxid de staniu IV; oxid stanic
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Cand metalele au mai mult de doua valente
• Denumirea se formeaza identic cu denumirea oxizilor nemetalici:
Prefixul care indica numarul atomilor de oxigen+oxid+de+denumirea metalului
V2O5-pentoxid de vanadiuMnO2-dioxid de manganCr2O3-trioxid de crom
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METODE DE OBTINERE
A)Reacţii de
combinare
a)Reacţia metalelor cu oxigenul
b)Reacţia nemetalelor cu oxigenul
2Mg + O2 =>2MgO
4Na + O2 => 2Na2O
C + O2 => CO2
S + O2 => SO2
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B)Reacţii de descompunere
• CaCO3 CaO + CO2
• MgCO3 MgO + CO2
• CuCO3 CuO + CO2
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Proprietati fizice
• Starea de agregare: La temperatura obişnuită oxizii sunt:
• substanţe solide: oxizii metalici• substanţe gazoase: ex. CO2, SO2, NO2• substanţe lichide, foarte rar: SO3
• Culoarea:• incolori: CO2, SO2, SiO2• coloraţi: CuO negru, CaO alb (var nestins),
ZnO alb, HgO roşu, Cr2O3 verde
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PROPRIETATI CHIMICE
A)Reacţii cu substanţe simple:Oxizii superiori pot fi obţinuţi prin reacţia oxizilor inferiori cu oxigenul:
2CO + O2 -> 2CO2
2NO + O2 -> 2NO2 (gaz brun)
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B)Reacţii cu substanţe
compuse
a)Reacţionează cu apaoxid metalic + apa => baza
CaO + H2O => Ca(OH)2
Na2O + H2O => 2NaOH
oxid nemetalic + apa => acid CO2 + H2O => H2CO3
SO2 + H2O => H2SO3
SO3 + H2O => H2SO4
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OXIZI IN NATURA
BAUXITABAUXITA
Al2O3Al2O3
bauxitabauxita
Al2O3Al2O3
HEMATITHEMATIT Fe2O3Fe2O3
CorindonCorindonAl2O3Al2O3
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OXIZI IN NATURA
SAFIR BRUTSAFIR BRUT Al2O3Al2O3
RUBINRUBIN Al2O3Al2O3
SMARALDSMARALD Al2O3Al2O3
CUARTCUART SiO2SiO2
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OXIZI IN NATURA
OPALOPAL SiO2SiO2
OPALOPAL SiO2SiO2
ONIXONIX CRISTOBALIT SiO2
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• SiO2-nisip,cuart• CaO-var nestins• Fe2O3-hematit• Fe2O3xH2O-limonit• Fe3O4-magnetita• Al2O3-corindon,alumina,
rubin,safir,smarald,ametist,topaz
• ZnO-alb de zinc• SnO2-casiterit
• MnO2-piroluzit• PbO-litarga• 2PbOxPbO2-miniu de
plumb• CO2-solid-zapada
carbonica, gheata uscata
• H2O2-sol 30%-perhidrol• CO+H2-gaz de apa• CO+N2-gaz de
generator
DENUMIRI TEHNICEDENUMIRI TEHNICE
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ISTORIC
• Cu ani in urma( in unele zone , chiar si azi), oamenii de la munte, in general motii (locuitorii din zona M-tilor Apuseni), culegeau piatra de var si o ardeau in cuptoare speciale, construite de ei,
obtinand astfel var nestins
(CaO)
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….• Extinctoarele ,pe care le
observam destul de des in locuri publice etc. , unele dintre ele sunt incarcate cu spuma carbonica.Aceasta este indicata pentru stingerea incendiilor provocate de instalatiile electrice
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