Primo Levi, "Se questo è un uomo", caso editoriale

8/2/2019 Primo Levi, "Se questo un uomo", caso editoriale

1/30

vh wxhvql xk xlbl

ag ah vm`tg g hmkgxam

`htm\vh\wxhvql\h\xk\xlbl?yv 95,36,9379 75+76 Sgemkg 7


2/30

Vh wxhvql xk xlblpAg Ah Vm`tg g Hmkgxam G fxyg am Bgkm`g Iygkalkm, Ylvvh``g Egxahkzm h Qmzmgkg Vlyyhkqmkl

Li`mwxh Vqxaml

Mbsgemkgzmlkh am Vgyg FlyqhvmgDlkq xqm`mzzgqh? Galih Egygblka Syl, Nh`thqmfg h Nh`thqmfg Flkahkvha



3/30

Kh` 7=16, vxffhvvmtgbhkqh g``lffxsgzmlkh qhahvfgah` klya h fhkqyl Mqg`mg, Symbl @htm vm xkmvfh gm semgkm vx``h blkqgekh vlsyg Glvqg+ Tmhkh fgqqxygql ahslyqgql kh` fgbsl am flkfhkqygbhkql am Dlvvl`m hvxffhvvmtgbhkqh g Gxvfnumqz? em ag` tmgeeml mk qymkmzmg g mkqhyylegyvm vx``h flkamzmlkm amvxbgkhthyvgkl m ahqhkxqm+ Axygkqh `g symemlkmg ymhvfh gsxkqgyh vx xk amgyml g`fxkm hsmvlam ah``g tmqg ah` `gvlddhybgkalvm vxm flbsgekm am vthkqxyg, vx``h `lylvqlymh, vx``hklybh mkqhyylegqmtl fnh lekxkl vm slkhg``mbsgqql flk wxhvqg yhg`q qgkql thyeleklvg? flbhsx xk xlbl bgffnmgyvm am fymbmkm qgkql hddhygqm

yhkahyvhkh flbs`mfh flk m` vxl gqqheemgbhkql lbhy"qlvl h mkamddhyhkqh vmgkl vqgqh em hbgkgqh `h symbh `heemygzzmg`m h m` vxl ams`lbg yhfnm `g bhkzmlkh am ygzzghiygmfg+

Mkqylaxzmlkh

Xk f`gvvmfl xk `miyl fnh klk ng bgm dmkmql am amyh wxh` fnh ng ag amyh+

Mqg`l Fg`tmkl

7 Ymqg Fgffgbl Ah @xfg, Bgkxh`g L`gekhyl,Symbl @htm , Blkal lshygml, bgyzl 7=1>+



4/30

1

Vh wxhvql xk xlblpAg Ah Vm`tg g Hmkgxam

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M` qhbg ah``L`lfgxvql qlykhy sxkqxg`bhkqh khmvxlm vfymqqm? ymhtlfgql kh` 7=46 flk@g qyhexg, tmkfm"qlyh ah` syhbml Fgbsmh``l, mk g`fxkm iygkm am@m`q h



5/30

Vx` dlkal m` symbl qmql`l am wxh``l fnh amthyyVh wxh"vql xk xlbl +

Qyg bgyzl h bgeeml thkelkl sxii`mfgqm fmkwxh fg"smql`m, fnh flkqhkelkl g`fxkm h`hbhkqm slm blamdmfgqm

kh``g vqhvxyg ahdmkmqmtg+ Mk sgyqmfl`gyh m` 9=.k+ 79- hvfh M` tmgeeml: m` 8 gsym`h .k+ 76- Vdlkal: m` 75 bgeeml .k+ 7=- Ndq`mkeh: m` 91 bge"eml .k+ 93- @h klvqyh klqqm: m` 67 bgeeml .k+ 97-

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Symbl @htm mkmzmg g fl``gilygyh flk @Gbmfl ahSlsl`l em ag` emxekl 7=14, wxgkal sxii`mfg `g slh"vmgIxkg"@gehy .m` `gehy am Ixkg"Blklumqz"GxvfnumqzMMM, alth @htm yhvqg, flbh symemlkmhyl, Ndq`mke, k+751875, ag` dhiiygml 7=11 g` ehkkgml 7=18-? Smhamsmgegqm h qhyyg bg`hahqqg @xkeg `g vfnmhyg khmbgqqmkm Dxbg `g Ixkg agm bm``h fgbmkm ZR+

M` 9= bgyzl 7=15 Vm`tml Lyqlkg vfymth qhvqxg`"

bhkqh vx``g symbg sgemkg ah` emlykg`h?

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fgvmlkh am vhexmyh, gkfnh vh xk sl ag `lkqgkl, `g eh"vqgzmlkh amVh wxhvql xk xlbl.fnh g``lyg klk gthtg

@Gbmfl ah` Slsl`l

@g ehkhvm



6/30

Hamzmlkm Ah Vm`tg

@g sxii`mfgzmlkh ahm fgsmql`m vx @Gbmfl ah` Sl"sl`l vmkqhyylbsh m` 67 bgeeml shyfn `77 lqqliyh7=15, alsl hvvhyh vqgql ymdmxqgql ag amthyvm hamqlym,hvfh m` miylVh wxhvql xk xlblshy g smffl`g fgvg ham"qymfh Ah Vm`tg, amyhqqg ag Dygkfl Gkqlkmfh``m+ M` `miyltmhkh mkvhymql kh``g fl``gkg Imi`mlqhfg @hlkh Emkzixye

flk `g ymsylaxzmlkh mk flshyqmkg am xk sgyqmfl`gyh am@hvhfxzmlkh ah` 6 bgeemlam Dygkfmvfl El}g+M` qmql`l lymemkgyml,M vlbbhyvm h m vg`tgqm , tmhkh

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kxltl, h sx gkkxkfmgyh fnh khvvxk `miyl g` blkalmkqlykl g``h vqhvvh qygemfnh hvshymhkzh ng m` tg`lyagyqh am wxhvql+

G` vxl gssgymyh, m` miyl ymfhth ag sgyqh ah``g fymqmxkg ahfmkg vfgyvg am flkqymixqm? gddhqqxlvm bg mbiygzzgqm, vfyxsl`lvm kh` ahkxkfmgyh m` vhkvl am ygffgsym

fml fnh gthtg fl`ql m` yhfhkvlyh, bg slfl mkf`mkm g vim"`gkfmgyvm+ Axh vmekmdmfgqmth hffhzmlkm? `hffh Gyymel Fgoxbm h m` emltgkh Mqg`l Fg`tmkl+

Fgoxbm sx hvvhyh ymflklvfmxql, flbh vxeehymvfhFgtge`mlk, wxg`h syhfxyvlyh am xkg amkgvqmg am `hqqlam @htm, xkmqm ag` ymdmxql ah``h flkthkzmlkm h ah``gqlymfg, h vsyhemgqlyh ahm thzzm am xkg smeyg vlfmhqqhygymg `hegqg em g``lyg g fnmhvh h sgyqmqm+ Vfymwxh Fgoxbm?

ZR m` miyl am Symbl @htm,Vh wxhvql xk xlbl, .ha+ Ah Vm`tg, Qlymkl 7=15- am fxm qyh fgsmql`m g`bhkl yhvqhygkklmkfgkfh``gim`m kh``g klvqyg bhblymg? `g sgyqhkzg ag Dlvvl`m h `gyymtl g Gxvfnumqz: `g vfhkg ah``h`mbahe`m mkgagqqm, ag bgkagyh kh``g fgbhyg g egv, `l vshqqgfl`l ah` fgbsl giigkalkgql gm bg`gqm h gm blymilkambhkqyh hvhyfmql vltmhqmfl vlsygeemxkeh+ Am wxhvqh qyh gelkmh, m` @htm smqqlyh vqxshkal, vhkzlbiygl am ahf`gbgzmlkh? sgy`gkl m dgqqm, h m` vhkqmbhkql+ Vh flkdylkql m` vxl, flk m` ygfflkql am Agtma Ylxvvhq .@xkmthyv flkfhkqygqmlkkgmyh vqgql lyg t`ql mk mqg`mgkl fl` qmql`lAml fgslyg`h , ha+ @lkegkhvm- fnh dx mkthfh g Ixfnhk" ug`a, qyltl fnh m` dygkfhvh bm sxzzg am `hqqhygql vxyyhg`mvqg h am bm`mqgkqh sl`mqmfl, h ymhvfh bhkl hklvqyl fnmbmfl, m` wxg`h vfymth `mkal h flkfmvl, meklyg m sgyqmqm, h gyymtg kgqxyg`bhkqh g``gyqh+

4


vqmqxmy gshyqxyg ah``g thyvmlkh ahdmkmqmtg amVh wxh"vql xk xlbl +

Xk mkfmahkqh+ M` 67 bgeeml tmhkh sxii`mfgqg `gslhvmgVg`bl fnh, vhssxy flk wxg`fnh tgymgzmlkh, fl"



7/30

Fl`lyl fnh, flk fymbmkg`h `heehyhzzg dgykhqmfgkl am exhyyh, l am vqygem fmtm`m, altyhiihyl vqgbsgyvm wxhvqh sgemkh? `g bhblymg ahe`m xlbmkm flyqg, h `g `lyl dl``mg mkfyhamim`h+ Qyh gkkm gkflyg klk vl

ah` emlykl ah``g dmkh, h bl`qm ngkkl em ambhkqmfgql, qyltgkl am fgqqmtl exvql fnm ymflyag, h vm vlddhfgygqqhymvqmfnh ah``g exhyyg yhfhkqh? `l vqhybmkml shy bhzzl ah` fgbsl am flkfhkqygbhkql, `g qlyqxygsymemlkm, m` bgvvgfyl ag``gymg+ Am qxqqh h qyh wxhvqh dlybh blvqyxlvh, m qhahvfnm vlkl vqgqm mkthha emxvql fnh sgenmkl+ Symbl @htm gkg`mzzg m` sylfhambhkql am gkkmhkqgbhkql gvvmhbh vsmymqx`lemfl ah``mkamtmaxl fnh flbmkfmg fl` tgelkh smlbigql, flkqmkxg khm fgbhylkm am xlbmkm"thybm mekxavtm`xssg fl` `gtlyl dlyzgql, `g dyxvqg, `g dlyfg+ Vm hkqyg mk xk blkal kxltl, symbmqmtl h flyylqql, alth `g`lqqg shy `g tmqg gvvxbh dlybh zll`lemfnh, h `gkmbg`h gagqql g``gbimhkqh yhvmvqh, bhkqyh e`m g`qymmkhvlygim`bhkqh amvqyxqqm+ @g heeh am Agyumk vx``g vh`hzmlkh kgqxyg`h gss`mfgqg g``g vshfmh xbflyyhzmlkm ah` fgvl vlkl bmkmbh, h qg`tl`qg lyymim`m? shy xkg fgyqg bhvvg g vmkmvqyg gkzmfn g ahvqysyhvvmlkh dxegfh ah``gexzzmkl, m` bg`gql vm vg`tg, h m` vgkl vlfflbih+Vh wxhvql xk xlbl xk eygk `miyl,shyfn vmbshykmg, vslkqgkhgbhkqh, vx` syli`hbg fgsmqg`h? wxh``l ah``xlbl fnh tmth ga gyimqyml axlblkh` blkal blahykl ZR+9

M` emltgkh Fg`tmkl vfymth?

Fhyg xk vlekl, ygfflkqg Symbl @htm, fnh qlykgtg vshvvl ga gkexvqmgyh `h klqqm ahm symemlkmhym ahmgkkmhkqgbhkql? m` vlekl am hvvhyh qlykgqm g fgvg h am fhyfgy am ygfflkqgyh gm dgbme`mgym h ge`m gbsgvvgqh, ha gfflyehyvm flk xk vhkvl am shkg ahvl`gqg fnhvvm klk gvfl`qgkl, fnh klk fgsmvflkl kx``g am wxhfnh `lyl vm amfh+ Ml fyhal fnh qxqqm e`m vfgbsgqm fnh giimgkl syltgql g vfymthyh `h `lyl bhblymh vx wxh`ymim`h hvshymhkzg vm vmgkl vhkqmqm syhkahyh ag wxh``g shkg ahvl`gqg? agthy tmvvxql xkhvshymhkzbmqh ah` amfmim`h h ah``xbgkl, xkhvshymhkzg fnh klk slqygkkl bgm flbxkmfgyh mk qxqql m` vxl lyylyh

vxkl, h m` fxm ymflyal flkqmkxhy g shyvhexmqgy`m fl` qlybhkql ah``g shkg+Shy m dgqqm flbh m fgbsm agkkmhkqgbhkql vhbiyg fnh wxg`vmgvm miyl ahiig hvvhyh qylssl ag bhkl ah``gshy slqhy`m yheehyh+ Sxyh, Symbl @htm fm ng agql vx wxhvqgyelbhkql xk bgekmdmfl `miylVh wxhvql xk xlbl,.ha+ Ah Vm`tg, Qlymkl 7=15- fnh klk vl`l xkg qhvqmblkmgkzg hddmfgfmvvmbg, bg ng ah``h sgemkh am gxslqhkzg kgyygqmtg, fnh ymbgyygkkl kh``g klvqyg bhblymg qyg h sm ih``h ah``g hqqhygqxyg ah``g Vhflkagblkamg`h+Symbl @htm dx ahslyqgql g Gxvfnumqz g` symkfmsml ah` 11 mkvmhbh fl` flkqmkehkqh am hiyhm mqg`mgam flkfhkqygbhkql am Dlvvl`m+ M` miyl vm gsyh gssxkql fl``g vfhkg ah``g sgyqhkzg ag Dlvvl`m, vfhkg axkqxyg imi`mfg .tham `hsmvlaml ah` thffnml Egqqhekl- h mk fxm em vm vhkqh wxh` shvl am ygvvhekgzmlkygbmkel vx``g qhyyg ag vhfl`m h vhfl`m fnh shvhy vx qxqql m` `miyl+ Slm, m` tmgeeml, `gyymtl g Gxvfnvfhkg am vqyxeehkqh slqhkzg `g vhsgygzmlkh ahe`m xlbmkm ag``h alkkh h agm igbimkm, am fxm bgm sm kx``g+ Slm g tmqg ah` fgbsl? @htm klk vm mbmqg g gvfmgyh sgy`gyh m dgqqm, `m flbbhkqg vhkzg dlyzgh sxyh vhkzg gffhkqm am vqxamgqg dyhaahzzg+ Vqxamg flk xkg sgfgqhzzg gfflygqg flvg yhvqg am xbgkl vlqqlslvql g xkg syltg fnh am xbgkl klk ng kx``g ZR+6

9 Gyymel Fgoxbm,Mbbgemkm mkambhkqmfgim`m , @g Vqgbsg, 94 klthbiyh 7=15+6 Mqg`l Fg`tmkl,Xk `miyl vxm fgbsm ah``g blyqh+Vh wxhvql xk xlbl, `Xkmq, 4 bgeeml 7=1>+

5

Li`mwxh Vqxaml



8/30

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mbbhamgqgbhkqh gm vxlm kxltm hamqlym am vqgbsgyh`miyl+ E`m hamqlym, shy, ymdmxqgkl+ @h 433 flsmh yaxh, ymslvqh g Dmyhkzh mk xk bgegzzmkl am mkthkaxqmthkelkl myymbhamgim`bhkqh agkkheemgqh kh``g``x"tmlkh ah``gxqxkkl ah` 7=44+

Hkqygbim m flkqymixqm vlqql`mkhgkl, l`qyh g``g vqygly"amkgymg qhvqmblkmgkzg vqlymfg, `g eygkah fgsgfmq `hq"qhygymg h slhqmfg ah``gxqlyh g` vxl hvlyaml+

Vh wxhvql xk xlbl sxii`mfgql mk 9+833 flsmhvbhyfmgqh vl`l mk sgyqh+ Kh` 7=1= `g Ah Vm`tg ym`h"tgqg ag``g Kxltg Mqg`mg am Dmyhkzh+ Symbl @htm fnmhah

`htm\vh\wxhvql\h\xk\xlbl?yv 95,36,9379 75+76 Sgemkg >


9/30

1 Ymffgyal Fnmgihyeh,Fnm `hiyhl fnh ilffm Symbl @htm< , Flyymhyh ah``g Vhyg, 77 emxekl 7=>5+

Kh` 7=14 Symbl @htm syltg vhkzg vxffhvvl g dgy sxii`mfgyh m` `miyl syhvvl amthyvm hamqlym dyg Hamzmlkm am Flbxkmq am L`mthqqm+ G ymgsymyh m` amigqqmql Ymffgyal Fnmgihyeh, fnh vx``hah``g Vhyg, axh bhvm alsl `g blyqh ah``gxqlyh, qmql`gFnm `hiyhl fnh ilffm Symbl @htm< ?

Vh wxhvql xk xlbl, ng vfymqql F`gxaml Bgeymv vx` Flyymhyh g``mkalbgkm ah``g qygemfg dmkh am Symb xk miyl fnh ymkflkqyhyhbl g` Emxamzml Xkmthyvg`h+ Xk f`gvvmfl ah` klvqyl qhbsl, xk fgslvg`al ah``g qhygqxyg mqg`mgkg h blkamg`h ah` Klthfhkql+ Hssxyh, klk qxqqm ymflyagkl fnh wxh` `miyl xvf `g symb.hyg m` 7=15- wxgvm g``g fnhqmfnh``g, syhvvl xk smffl`l hamqlyh am Qlymkl+ @Hmkgxam, fnh gtyhiih sxii`mfgql qxqqh `h lshyh am @htm, gthtg yhvsmkql sm tl`qh m` bgklvfymqql g` bmqqhkqh+ Dmk wxm kx`hyg vxffhvvl shydmkl g Sylxvq+ Klk vhbsyh m fgsl`gtlym thkelkl ymflklvfmxqm g` `lyl gssgymyh+Bg fnm syhvh wxh``l vqlymfl giige`ml< H shy wxg`m ygemlkm< Wxhvqh albgkah hygkl ymbgvqh dmklyg

vslvqg+ Ha hffl g axh bhvm ag``g blyqh am @htm, ymgddmlygyh xk alfxbhkql fnh slqyhiih dgy `xfh vx w`lkqgkl hsmvlaml+ xk sgvvl ah``g `xkeg mkqhytmvqg am Dhyamkgkal Fgblk flk `l vfymqqlyh qlymkhvh, fnh hvfh mk wxhvqm xkg kxltg fl``gkg amvqymixmqg ag Egyzgkqm . Gxqlymqygqql am Symbl @htm , Hamzmlkm Klya Hvq, Sgaltg-+ G``mkqhytmvqgqlyh, fnh e`m fnmhah shyfnVh wxhvql xk xlblgthvvh altxql dgyh qgkqg gkqmfgbhyg symbg amhvvhyh gbbhvvl g``g fgvg ah``l Vqyxzzl, @htm ymvslkah qhvqxg`bhkqh? Hddhqqmtgbhkqh m` bgklvfymqgffhqqgql shy sgyhffnm gkkm, h wxh``l fnh bm ng vhbsyh vlysyhvl fnh fnm `l gthtg `hqql hyg xkg shyvlkg`ah``g hqqhygqxyg mqg`mgkg, hiyhg, tmthkqh+ Vh vshekh m` yhemvqygqlyh e`mh`l amfl+ Wxm m` kgvqyl ymsyhkahyh vximql alsl? @h blqmtgzmlkm dxylkl bl`ql ehkhymfnh? vlkl h vl`mqh fnh agkkl e`m hamqlym wyhvqmqxmvflkl xk bgklvfymqql+ Klk vl shyfn vmg vqgql ymdmxqgql? dlyvh dx vl`l g fl`sg am xk hqqlyh amFnm gtyhiih mbbgemkgql< M` ylbgkzl ahm gehy ilffmgql ag xk ygssyhvhkqgqh ah``g vqmysh ahm shyvhexklk dlvvh `gxqlyh vqhvvl g ymth`gy`l, mk xkmkqhytmvqg ag `xm flkqyl``gqg sgyl`g shy sgyl`g slfnm bhvmblymyh, khvvxkl fm fyhahyhiih+ Dhah`h g``g flkvhekg ah` vm`hkzml, Fgblk klk txl`h amyh m` klbh ah` bmvqhy`hqqlyh .l hqqymfh


10/30

M` emlykl alsl, 79 emxekl 7=>5, vx @g Vqgbsg, Kmfl`g Lyhkel g dgy `xfh vx g`fxkm gvshqqm ah``g tmvblyzgyh m qlkm am wxh``g fnh vhbiygtg hvvhyh xkg thyg h sylsymg fgffmg g``xlbl?

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73



11/30

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12/30

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79




13/30

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Vh wxhvql xk xlbl h `g fgvg hamqymfh Hmkgxam



14/30

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71


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15/30

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78

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16/30

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74




17/30

75

Kh` wxgyql fgsmql`l, Jg"Ih, geemxkeh `g ahvfym"zmlkh am Kx`` Gfnqzhnk h m` ygfflkql vx` flbsgekl am`hqql ahe`m mkmzm Fngomb, bg mkqheygzmlkh sm mqgkqh ymexgyag `gbmfmzmg qyg Symbl h Gìhyql+ E`qhkvm sgvvm vx` shyvlkgeeml am Gìhyql vl`l gffhkkgqkh``hamzmlkh Ah Vm`tg gyymffnmvflkl mkdgqqm `vmlkh lymemkgymg am emlmg am tmthyh h agkkl xk flkixql g``g vl`magymhq xbgkg+ G vhexmyh xk iygkl ah`fgsmql`l wxmkql, @h klvqyh klqqm? Gìhyql hkqygqmk `gehy g qhvqg g`qg, h tmth mk `gehy m``hvl h mkflyyNg fgsmql symbg am qxqqm fnh wxhvqg tmqg exhyyg: kvm flkfhvvl mkaxèhkzh, klk ng shyvl qhbsl g yhfym"bmkgyh g flbbmvhygyh v h e`m g`qym, bg dmk ag` symemlykl vfhvl mk fgbsl+ @l vlvqhkelkl mkqh``mehkzgh mvqmkql? ygemlkg emxvql, vshvvl klk ygemlkg ha xexg`bhkqh kh` emxvql+

Symbl @htm hddhqqxg gkfnh g`qym mkqhythkqm?emxkeh `mkqhyg symbg sgemkg ah` wxmkql fgsmql`l, klvqyh klqqm, h `g ahvfymzmlkh am jgs G`h~ kh``xamfhvmbl fgsmql`l, M` Fgkql am X`mvvh: mkqylaxfh d`hvvmlkm am qmsl mkqylvshqqmtl kh` fgsmql`l ahfmHvgbh am fnmbmfg, ahvfymthkal mbsx`vl am dxeemag``mkqhyylegqlyml, h kh` fgsmql`l qyhamfhvmbl, Lq

qliyh 7=11, flk m` shkvmhyl lyyhkal fnh dlyvh Yhkvgyhiih gkagql g` egv g` vxl slvql? Klk vl flvg khshkvhy albgkm h slm: leem klk ahvqg mk bh khvvxkghblzmlkh syhfmvg+

@h mkqheygzmlkm

M amhfm gkkm am qyhsmagkqh gqqhvg shy `g sxii`mfgzmlkhag sgyqh am Hmkgxam vlkl vqgqm vgsmhkqhbhkqh xqm`mzzgqmag Symbl @htm shy ymthahyh `lshyg? `l vqm`h vm gddmkg hag` 88 g` 8> `gxqlyh vm ahamfg g``g yhtmvmlkh+ Vh symbgm` `miyl vm gsymtg vx Dlvvl`m .G``g bhq am dhiiygml e`mhiyhm mqg`mgkm kh` fgbsl am Dlvvl m hygkl vhmfhkql, fg"smql`lM, M` tmgeeml-, hamzmlkh hmkgxamgkg mkmzmg flkfmkwxh fgslthyvm mkhamqm fnh kgyygkl flbh dlvvh gyym"tgql g` fgbsl+ Wxhvql m` kxltl mkfmsmq? Hyl vqgql fgq"qxygql ag``g bm`mzmg dgvfmvqg m` 76 amfhbiyh 7=16+

M` vhflkal fgsmql`l, Vx` dlkal, vm gsyh lyg flk`hsmvlaml ah` qgqxgeeml ahm kxbhym vxm flysm ahm ah"slyqgqm h thah `geemxkqg am xkl ahe`m vfgbim sm hb"i`hbgqmfm ah` miyl? Nl gshyql g dmkhvqyg, nl vqgffgqlm` enmgffml`l, bg vximql vm dgqql gtgkqm xkl eygkah heylvvl fnh vm geemygtg ` dxlym, h bh `l ng vqygssgqliyxqg`bhkqh+ Ugyxb"1= . gkflyg Agkqh, kh``g vxghtlfgzmlkh sm hvs`mfmqg, fnh kh` fgsmql`l M` Fgkql amX`mvvh fm qygvdhymvfh kh` flkqhvql ah` Fgkql ^^TM-+ E`mgbs`mgbhkqm sm vmekmdmfgqmtm vlkl wxh``m fnh ymexgy"agkl shyvlkgeem ymffnm am xbgkmq? `mkflkqyl flk mèmltgkh hiyhl sl`gffl Vfn`lbh, fnh `l ng gffl`qlvx``g vle`mg ah``g fgvg ahm blyqm, h D`hvn, m` qygaxqqlyhym`xqqgkqh shy m` wxg`h, gddhybg, syltl xk mvqmkqmtl ym"vshqql, shyfn vhkql fnh ng flbmkfmgql g vlddymyhsymbg am klm+

M` qhyzl fgsmql`l, Mkmzmgzmlkh, tmhkh mkqylalqql h~kltl, qygilffgkqh am eygqmqxamkh shy Vqhmk`gxd, fnh e`mdg fgsmyh flbh kh` `gehy vmgkl khfhvvgymh `g yhvmvqhkzgh `g flkvhytgzmlkh ah``g amekmq shyvlkg`h+

Li`mwxh Vqxaml



18/30

@h yhgzmlkm g``hvqhyl

Qygaxyyh @htm klk vhbs`mfh+ Klk vl`l g fgxvg ah``h yhvmvqhkzh ah``h fgvh hamqymfm kh` sxii`mfgy`l, m qygaxqqlym vm qyltgkl g althyvm flkdylkqgyh flk xk gxqlyh bl`ql gqqhkql g``g `mkexg fnh qhbh flkqmkxm` qhvql thkeg g`qhygql l tm vmgkl hyylym am qygvslvmzmlkh gm agkkm ah` bhvvgeeml fnh he`m txl`h q

Dmklyg `h qygaxzmlkm amvslkmim`m amVh wxhvql xk xlblvlkl thkqmvhqqh? g`igkhvh, gygil, ix`egyl, fgqg`gkl,flyhgkl, fylgql, agkhvh, hiygmfl, hvqlkh, dgyvm, dygkfhvh, emgsslkhvh, mke`hvh, `mqxgkl, l`gkahvh, kl`gffl, slyqlenhvh, yxbhkl, yxvvl, vhyil, v`lthkl, vsgekl`l, vthahvh, qhahvfl, qxyfl h xkenhyhvh+

Qygaxzmlkh mke`hvh

Em kh` 7=14, m symbm fgsmql`m amVh wxhvql xk xlbl

vigyfgkl khe`m Vqgqm Xkmqm, mk Bgvvgfnxvhqqv, eygzmh g``gbhamgzmlkh ah``g fxemkg am Symbl @htm, Gkkg ]lkg,fnh vm mbshekg g sxii`mfmzzgyh `lshyg qyg e`m mkqh``hq"qxg`m am vxg flklvfhkzg+

Bg vl`l xkg ahfmkg am gkkm alsl, wxgkal xkgflsmg ah``hamzmlkh am Ah Vm`tg fgsmqg qyg `h bgkm amVqxgyq Ull`d, fnh `g qygaxzmlkh mke`hvh vm flkfyhqmzzg+ Ull`d xkl vqxamlvl slfl sm fnh thkqhkkh, `gxyhg"qlvm ag slfl mk Vqlymg, kh` 7=84, g L~dlya+ Flkwxh``g fnh he`m vqhvvl ahdmkmvfh gyylegkzg ah``g eml"thkq h gbbhqqhkal am klk gthyh xkg fgvg hamqymfh,vm sylslkh g @htm flbh qygaxqqlyh+ Flkvfml fnh Hm"kgxam, fnh vqgtg shy sxii`mfgy`l, klk gtyhiih shk"vgql g xkg qygaxzmlkh shy gkkm, `gxqlyh gffhqqg amixlk eygal+

Qyg m axh mkmzmg flv xkg vqyhqqg fl``gilygzmlkh? Ull`d ahfmah am vleemlykgyh mk Mqg`mg h shy wxgvm xkgkkl vm yhfg g fgvg ah``l vfymqqlyh flk xkg dyhwxhkzgam axh tl`qh g vhqqmbgkg+

`htm\vh\wxhvql\h\xk\xlbl?yv 95,36,9379 75+76 Sgemkg 7>


19/30

Li`mwxh Vqxaml

7=

Kh` 7=8=, alsl xk mqhy flbs`mfgql, Lymlk Syhvv, fgvg hamqymfh gbhymfgkg flk vhah g Dmyhkzh dlkehkml Fgvvmk, dmkg`bhkqh sxii`mfg mk Mkenm`qhyyg m` `miyl flk m` qmql`lMd qnmv mv g bgk, flk qyh gkkm am gkqmfmslvx``h thyvmlkm qhahvfg h dygkfhvh+ @g dlyqxkgqg qygaxzmlkh am Vqxgyq Ull`d tmhkh vfh`qg gkfnhsxii`mfgzmlkh ah` 7=47 khe`m Vqgqm Xkmqm, hamqg ag Fl``mhy Illjv, flk m` qmql`lVxytmtg` mk Gxvfnumqz +

M` `miyl ng xk vxffhvvl mbbhamgql khe`m Vqgqm Xkmqm, `g fymqmfg `l gff`gbg? Gtyhqh fhyql `ham wxhvql blahykl ymqlykl g``g igyigymh, g`qyhqqgkql syhfmvh khm sgyqmfl`gym? bg khvvxkl, ymqwxhvqg shy vqm`h ha hddmfgfmg+79 M` qymlkdl, shy, vm flkvxbg ygsmagbhkqh dmkfn m `hqqlym gke`ldlkm klk ambgxqlyh h lshyg+ Vl`l leem, g thkqgkkm am amvqgkzg ag``g blyqh ah``gxqlyh,Vh wxhvql xk xlblh Symbl @htmvqgkkl ymfhthkal m` emxvql ymflklvfmbhkql eygzmh g flkthekm, imleygdmh h yhfhkvmlkm+ Kh` 9338 Gkqnlk} Vnhy syhvhkqg g Iylgaug} xklshyg qhgqyg`h,Symbl, igvgqg sylsyml vxVh wxhvql xk xlbl, bg m` fl"ylkgbhkql gyymtg kh` 9373 flk `lshyg lbkmg mk axh tl`xbm+

Mk thymq, `lshyg am @htm g fxm vm ahth wxhvql vxffhvvl slvqxbl klk `g vxg sm dgblvg, ihkvM` vmvqhbg sh"ymlamfl, sxii`mfgql kh``>1 kh``g qygaxzmlkh am Um``mgb Uhgthy .qygaxqqlyh gkfnh am Xbihyql Hfl-+ am wxhvqlshyg qygvfmkg flk v gkfnh wxh``l ahe`m g`qym `miym, vfgqhkgkal xk thyl h sylsyml dhklbhag flkvmahygyh fnh Mkenm`qhyyg h Vqgqm Xkmqm hygkl vqgqm ymvsgybmgqm age`m lyylym ah``h mkkhm flkdylkqm ah``g `lyl slsl`gzmlkh hiyhg+ Dlyvh shy wxhvql fm vgyhiihyl tl`xqm thkqgkkm shy hvvgddylkqgyh m` qhbg ah``g Vnlgn+ Ylihyq Uhm`, gqqxg`h hamqly am @htm g``g Klyqlk, mk xkg flyymvsayhg Dmgkl flbbhkqg flv?

ZR hyg bl`ql vqmbgql g``g dmkh ahe`m gkkm Vhqqgkqg h Lqqgkqg, h sgyqmfl`gybhkqh alsl `g vxg blyqh kVxytmtg` mk Gxvfnumqz .m` qmql`l ah``hamzmlkh gbhymfgkg amVh wxhvql xk xlbl- , gvvmhbh gKlqqh am H`mh Umh"vh`, m` `miyl sm flkvme`mgql vx``L`lfgxvql khm `mfhm h kh``h xkmthyvmq gbhymfgkh+ ZR g``xkmthVhqqgkqg klk fhygkl fhyql flyvm vx``L`lfgxvql h vx``g `hqqhygqxyg ah``L`lfgxvql h wxhvqx`qmbl, vh

mkvhekgql, `l hyg qygbmqh `g tlfh am xkg ygegzzg l`gkahvh am wxmkamfm gkkm, `g fxm vqlymg, shy wxqlffgkqh, lvfxygtg m` `mth``l ah` bg`h khm fgbsm am flkfhkqygbhkql+76

L`qyh g` em fmqgql Vqxgyq Ull`d, qyg m qygaxqqlym ah``h lshyh am Symbl @htm mk mke`hvh dmexy G`tmk Ylvhkdh`a, Yg}blka Ylvhkqng`+

Qygaxzmlkh qhahvfg

Wxgkal Symbl @htm tmhkh g flklvfhkzg ah``gfwxmvql ahm amymqqm amVh wxhvql xk xlblag sgyqh am xk hamqlyhqhahvfl, ygeemxkeh m` vxl vflsl symbgyml? sgy`gyh gm qhahvfnm h, vlsygqqxqql, fhyfgyh am fgsmy`m

Vhkzg vgshyh fnh `g Dmvfnhy Thy`ge xkg fgvg hamqymfh hiyhg, vfymth xkg dhythkqh `hqqhyg gemk ymvslvqg m` symbl fgsmql`l gfflbsgekgql ag xkg `hqqhyg ah` qygaxqqlyh, Nhmkz Ymhaq, vfymqqshydhqql+

79 Khu ]lyj Qymixkh, 9> amfhbiyh 7=8=+76 Flyymvslkahkzg qyg Ylihyq Uhm` h Gkayhg Dmgkl, M blqmtm ah` qgyamtl vxffhvvl am Symbl @htm khe`m Vqgqm XkmqmTlfm ag` blkal shy

Symbl @htm? mk bhblymg, shy `g bhblymg, g fxyg am @xmem Ahm, Dmyhkzh Xkmthyvmq} Syhvv, Dmyhkzh 9335+

`htm\vh\wxhvql\h\xk\xlbl?yv 95,36,9379 75+76 Sgemkg 7=


20/30

Klk bm dmagtl ah``hamqlyh qhahvfl+ E`m vfymvvm xkg hqqhyg wxgvm mkvl`hkqh? l amddmagtl ag` qle`mhxkg vl`g sgyl`g ah` qhvql, h `l mbshekgtl g bgkagybm m` bgklvfymqql ah``g qygaxzmlkh g dgvfmfl`m, fgsmqshy fgsmql`l, g bgkl g bgkl fnh m` `gtlyl sylfhahtg: tl`htl flkqyl``gykh `g dhah`q, klk vl`l `hvvmfg`h bgmkqmbg+ Mkvmhbh fl` symbl fgsmql`l, fnh qyltgm qygalqql gvvgm ihkh, bm emxkvh xkl vfymqql ah` qygaxqmqg`mgkl shydhqql+ @hamqlyh e`m gthtg blvqygql `g bmg `hqqhyg? klk gthtl kmhkqh ag qhbhyh, k ag``haqgkql bhkl ag `xm+ Vm syhvhkqgtg? gthtg `g bmg hq syhfmvg, gthtg vqxamgql shy sgyhffnm gkkm mk Mqgfnh qygaxqqlyh hyg xk mqg`mgkmvqg, vqxamlvl ah` El`alkm+ Gkfnh `xm hyg xk qhahvfl gklbg`l+ Hyg vqgql fnvlqql `h gybm, bg m` kgzmvbl e`m ymsxekgtg: kh` 7=17 gthtg vmbx`gql xkg bg`gqqmg, hyg vqgql ymflthyglvshag`h, ha gthtg lqqhkxql am qygvflyyhyh `g flktg`hvfhkzg sxqgqmtg vqxamgkal `hqqhygqxyg mqg`mgkg `xkmthyvmq am Sgaltg+ Hyg slm vqgql amfnmgygql ymthamim`h, g Sgaltg hyg ymbgvql, h tm hyg thkxql gflm eyxssm gkqmdgvfmvqm am Flkfhqql Bgyfnhvm, am Bhkhenhqqm h am Smenmk+Kh` vhqqhbiyh 7=16 hyg thkxql `gybmvqmzml mqg`mgkl, ha m qhahvfnm, mk axh emlykm, gthtgkl lffxsg`mqgybhkqh Mqg`mg ah` Klya+ M` bml qygaxqqlyh vm hyg geeyhegql kgqxyg`bhkqh gm sgyqmemgkm R Alsl `g vxg gtthkqxyg sgyqmemgkg mk Mqg`mg, hyg xk shydhqql im`mkexh? sgy`gtg `mqg`mgkl vhkzggffhkql vqygkmhyl+ Gffhqq qygaxzmlkm? El`alkm mk symbl xlel, shyfn l gbgtg h shyfn flklvfhtg ihkhm amg`hqqm thkhqm: shy `l vqhvvl blqmtl, m` Yxzgkqh am Gekl`l Ihl`fl, dmkl g``lyg vflklvfmxql mk Ehybgbg gkfnh gxqlym mqg`mgkm blahykm, Fl``lam, Egaag, AGyymel, Smygkah``l+ ZR QygaxyyhVh wxhvql xkxlbl `l hkqxvmgvbgtg? m` `miyl e`m hyg flkvlkl, flkdhybgtg, vlvqgkzmgtg shy flkqygvql m` vxl gblyh shy `g`mihyq h `g emxvqmzmg: qygaxy`l hyg xk blal shy flkqmkxgyh `g vxg `lqqg qhbhygymg h vl`mqgymg flkqsghvh qygtmgql+ G wxh` qhbsl hygtgbl qxqqm h axh qylssl lffxsgqm shy tmgeemgyh, h kgfwxh dyg klm xvfgbiml am `hqqhyh dyhkhqmfl+ Hygtgbl hkqygbim shydhzmlkmvqm? `xm, shy gbimql syldhvvmlkg`h: m

wxgkqxkwxh gthvvm qyltgql xk g``hgql, ha xk g``hgql tg`hkqh, qhbhtl fnhm` bml qhvql vimgamvvh, shyahvvh syhekgkzg+ ZR @l vfnhbg hyg ehkhyg`h?ml e`m mkamfgtl xkg qhvm, wxh``g fnh bm vxeehymtg `g bhblymg gfxvqmfg g fxmnl gffhkkgql g vxl `xlel: `xm bm lsslkhtg `gkqmqhvm, wxhvql klk ixlkqhahvfl, m `hqqlym aleem klk `l fgsmyhiihyl: ml limhqqgtl fnh `geem vmamfhtg sylsyml flv: vm gyymtgtg mkdmkh g``g vmkqhvm, fml g` flbsylbhvvl+ZR Mk fhyql blal, klk vm qygqqgtg am xkg qygaxzmlkh bg smxqqlvql am xkyhvqgxyl? `g vxg hyg, l ml tl`htl fnh dlvvh, xkg yhvqmqxqml mk symvqmkxb, xkgyhqylthyvmlkh g``g `mkexg mk fxm `h flvh hygkl gtthkxqh ha g fxm hvvh flb"shqhtgkl+ Althtg hvvhyh, sm fnh xk `miyl, xk kgvqyl am bgekhqldlkl+ M`qygaxqqlyh fgs syhvql h ihkh, h kh ymvx`q xkg qygaxzmlkh hffh``hkqh vlqqllekm gvshqql? ah``g vxg dhah`q slqhtl emxamfgyh ml vqhvvl, m` vxl `mth``l vqm`mvqmfl dx `lagql mk vhexmql ag qxqqm m yhfhkvlym+71

Ymhaq qygaxfh g ymqbl vhyygql, gkklqgkal vxm dle`m kxbhylvh albgkah shy @htm g fxm he`m ymvslkah vhelbhkqgzmlkm xkenh bgm bhkl am axh sgemkh+ Fxygkl gvvmhbh m` hvvmfl? Ymhaq gvvmfxygkalvm fnh

Kh` qhvql fnh vhexh, qygqql agM vlbbhyvm h m vg`tgqm , Symbl @htm ahvfymth m` vxl mkflkqyl flk m` qygaxqqlyh?

93


71 Symbl @htm, @hqqhyh am qhahvfnm,M vlbbhyvm h m vg`tgqm , Hmkgxam, Qlymkl 7=>4+



21/30

flyyhqqg h @htm vdlyzgkalvm am ymfhyfgyh khm qhybmkm g vqhvvg axyhzzg ah``g tmqg kh` gehy+ Ymhqylssl gvvmaxm flk gbimhkqh hiyhl, am kxltl flvqyhqql g``g f`gkahvqmkmq, bg klk vh kh gbhkqg bgm @htm, g fxm fnmhah am amylqqgyh `h `hqqhyh thyvl vxl vxlfhyl+ @g dgqmfg shy ymsgegqg? kh` 7=47,Vh wxhvql xk xlbltmhkh sxii`mfgql flk m` qmql`l amMvq agv hmk Bhkvfn< M` vxffhvvl klk qgyag ga gyymtgyh? h 83+333flsmh vqgbsgqh mk hamzmlkh hflklbmfg thkelkl hvgxymqh mk slfnm bhvm+ @h yhfhkvmlkm klk vlkl kxbhslvmqmth h smhkh am h`lem h am thyelekg shy m` yxl`l gtxql ag``g Ehybgkmg kh``h tmfhkah kgyygqh ag``

ZR vm qygqqg am xk flkqymixql am sgyqmfl`gyh tg`lyh h lymemkg`mq g``g `hqqhygqxyg kgqg g``lbiyg flkfhkqygbhkql+ H sylsyml shy wxhvql m` miyl gqqhvqg fnh `g yhg`q ahm gehy shybgkh flbh qg`h kh``g bhahm vlsygttmvvxqm+ Tmhkh dgqql am albgkagyvm, flk shys`hvvmq, flbh wxhvqm xlbmkm, flk xk vmbmkh``gkmbg, gkflyg ymhvfgkl g tmthyh: bg vximql alsl vm fl`qm ag thyelekg shy wxhvqg albgkag, fnh bhe`mvxlkhyhiih mkthyqmqg? flbh slvvmgbl tmthyh klm qhahvfnm, kh` fxm klbh qxqql fm gtthkxql


22/30

vfymthyh+ Bm vm fnmhahtg, mkvlbbg, am dgy vhexmyh g` miyl fml g``g qhvqmblkmgkzg, xk gssh``l amyhqqqhahvfl, fml xkg shylygzmlkh, xk vhyblkh+ Gtyhm altxql g`zgyh m` qlkl, vg`myh vx` slaml: ag qhvqh dgybm emx

syhamfgqlyh: hvslyyh qhlymh h mkqhysyhqgzmlkm ah``g vqlymg: amtmahyh m smm age`m hbsm: ag``g qhyzgg``g vhflkag+ Qxqqm wxhvqm hygkl flbsmqm fnh bm vlysgvvgtgkl, flbsmqm fnh tl`hkqmhym gtyhm ahtl`xql gdlyvh ge`m vqhvvm `hqqlym, qhahvfnm h klk+Vfymvvm g``hamqlyh fnh klk bm vhkqmtl mk eygal am vqhkahyh xkg syhdgzmlkh fnh klk vkgqxygvvh m` `sylslvm xkg vl`xzmlkh mkamyhqqg? am syhbhqqhyh g` qhvql, mk vhah am mkqylaxzmlkh, xk iygkl ah``g `hqkh` bgeeml 7=43, g``g dmkh ah``g klvqyg `gilymlvg fl``gilygzmlkh, gthtl vfymqqg g` qygaxqqlyh shy ymkeygzah``g vxg lshyg+ @l ymsylaxfl wxm?

H flv giimgbl dmkmql? kh vlkl flkqhkql, h vlaamvdgqql ah` ymvx`qgql, h eygql g @hm, ha mkvmhbh xk sl qymFgsmvfh, m` vl`l `miyl fnh ml giimg vfymqql, h gahvvl fnh giimgbl dmkmql am qygsmgkqgy`l mk qhahvfl bm vflbh xk sgayh m` fxm dme`ml vmg amthkqgql bgeemlyhkkh, h vh kh tg, h klk vm sx sm lffxsgyvm am `xm+Bg klk vl`l wxhvql+ @hm dlyvh vm vgy gfflyql fnh shy bh m` `gehy, h `gthyh vfymqql ah` `gehy, vqgql xkmbslyqgkqh gtthkqxyg, fnh bm ng blamdmfgql syldlkagbhkqh, bm ng agql bgqxymq h xkg ygemlkh am tmqg+Dlyvh syhvxkzmlkh? bg hffl, leem ml, m` symemlkmhyl kxbhyl 751875, shy bhzzl Vxl slvvl sgy`gyh gm qh"ahvfnm, ygbbhkqgyh `lyl wxh``l fnh ngkkl dgqql, h amyh `lyl vlkl tmtl, h tlyyhm fgsmytm shy emxamfgytm+Ml klk fyhal fnh `g tmqg ah``xlbl giimg khfhvvgymgbhkqh xkl vflsl ahdmkmql: bg vh shkvl g``g bmgtmqg, h ge`m vflsm fnh dmklyg bm vlkl syhdmvvm, xkl vl`l kh ymflklvfl ihk syhfmvl h flvfmhkqh, ha sylsymlwxhvql, am slyqgyh qhvqmblkmgkzg, am dgyh xamyh `g bmg tlfh g` slsl`l qhahvfl, am ymvslkahyh g` jgsfnh vm sx`mql `g bgkl vx``g bmg vsg``g, g` alqqly Sgkkumqz, g wxh``m fnh mbsmffgylkl `X`qmbl Zshy"vlkgeem amVh wxhvql xk xlbl R, ha gm `lyl hyham+Vlkl vmfxyl fnh @hm klk bm ng dygmkqhvl+ Klk nl bgm kxqymql laml khm ymexgyam ah` slsl`l qhahvfl, h

vh `l gthvvm kxqymql kh vgyhm exgymql lyg, alsl gthy flklvfmxql @hm+ Klk flbsyhkal, klk vlsslyqlfnh vm emxamfnm xk xlbl klk shy wxh``l fnh bg shy m` eyxssl g fxm e`m gffgah am gssgyqhkhyh Z+++RBg klk slvvl amyh am fgsmyh m qhahvfnm? lyg, wxg`flvg fnh klk vm sx fgsmyh flvqmqxmvfh xk txlql al"`lylvl, xkg sxkqxyg, xkl vqmbl`l shybgkhkqh fnh fnmhah am hvvhyh vlaamvdgqql+ Vshyl fnh wxhvql miylgty wxg`fnh hfl mk Ehybgkmg? klk vl`l shy gbimzmlkh, bg gkfnh shyfn `g kgqxyg am wxhvqg hfl bmshybhqqhy dlyvh am fgsmyh bhe`ml m qhahvfnm, am s`gfgyh wxhvql vqmbl`l+

@hamqlyh gffhqqg `g bmg sylslvqg, g fxm m` qygaxqqlyh gthtg gahymql flk hkqxvmgvbl: shyfm wxhvqg sgvqmqxmvfh mkqylaxzmlkh am qxqqh h hamzmlkm qhahvfnh amVh wxhvql xk xlbl? gkzm, tmhkh `hqqg flbh sgyqh mkqh"eygkqh ah` qhvql+ Bh kh vlkl gfflyql gssxkql ag``g kgqxyg ah``hfl g fxm vm gffhkkg kh``h x`qmbh ymenh+74

Qygaxzmlkh dygkfhvh

Ohqgmv xk nlbbh,qygaxzmlkh ah` 7=47 am Bmfn`h Fgxvvh, sxii`mfgql ag``g sgymemkg Ixfnhq"Fgvqh`, ng vxk mqhy flkqylthyvl+ Em g sgyqmyh ag` qmql`l mkflkqyg `g amvgssyltgzmlkh am Symbl @htm fnh m

74 Symbl @htm, @hqqhyh am qhahvfnm,M vlbbhyvm h m vg`tgqm , Hmkgxam, Qlymkl 7=>4+

99




23/30

7=44, mk xkg hqqhyg mkamymzzgqg g``g Hmkgxam, vfymth? Vh wxhvql xk xlbl,qygalqql mk dygkfhvh mk dyhqqg h dxymg .h g bmg mkvgsxqg- ag` symb ymvx`qgql hqqhyg`bhkqh m``heemim`h, h g qygqqm ahekl am`g yg`mq asgvvh g

dmfqmlk+ @g bxqm`gzmlkh ah``lshyg flbsyhkah qge`m am sgvvm ah` `mflbh vm sx klqgyh kh` fgsmql`l M` Fgkql am X`mvvh, ahfxyqgql am amsgemkh, l g qygaxzmlkh hyylkhg am qhybmkm fnmgth, flbh m` qmql`l ahfgsmql`l .M vlbbhyvm h m vg`tgqm-, mk @hv tgmkwxhxyv hq `hv tgtmkfmqlym h m tmkqm, klkfn `g shyamqg am g`fxkm agkqmvbm h `g sg`fxkm hyylym am `mkexg+

Qhvqmblkmgkzg ah``gtthyvmlkh am @htm khm flkdylkqm ah``g qygdygkfldlkg `hsmvlaml ah` vxl mkflkqyl mk Ymtmhyg @mexyh flk Ohbxh`, m` Smjl`l ah` `miyl h g`qyl vlsygttmvvxql g Gxvfnumqz, g fxm gxeygdg `g vxg flsmg dygkfhvh amVh wxhvql xk xlblflk `g ahamfg flk `hbmh vfxvh shy `g wxg`mq ah``g qygaxzmlkh+

G kx``g tg`elkl m vxlm qhkqgqmtm am dgy ymqmygyh ag` bhyfgql `hbgvqh, bg lqqmhkh ag Hmkgxam m` shybhvvl am tmvmlkgyh shyvlkg`bhqygaxzmlkm mk `mkexg mke`hvh, dygkfhvh h qhahvfg ah``h sylsymh ls

M` 7=>5, gkkl am blyqh ah``l vfymqqlyh, flmkfmah flk `g dlyqxkg ah``h vxh lshyh h flk xkg kxltg qygamVh wxhvql xk xlblhamqg ag``g fgvg hamqymfh Ox``mgya flk m` qmql`lVm fhvq xk nlbbh +

Alsl `g symbg vdlyqxkgqg hvshymhkzg, `h lshyh am @htm thkelkl qygvslvqh mk dygkfhvh ag alamfmfxm m sm ymflyyhkqm vlkl Gkay Bgxe, Bgyqmkh Vfnyxlddhkhehy h Yl`gka Vqyge`mgqm+

Qygaxzmlkh mvygh`mgkgKlklvqgkqh m` qhbg qygqqgql, Symbl @htm tmhkh sxii`mfgql yh`gqmtgbhkqh qgyam mk Mvygh`h? kh` 7@g qyhexgxvfflk xkg qmygqxyg am vl`h 833 flsmh sxii`mfgql ag``g fgvg hamqymfh Vmdymgq Slg`mb h qygalqql ag G`miyl mkqylalqql ag xkg syhdgzmlkh ah``gxqlyh hvf`xvmtgbhkqh shy wxhvqg hamzmlkh mk fxm `gvfmm` vxl hkqxvmgvbl h m` vxl lyele`ml shy wxhvqg sxii`mfgzmlkh, gffhkkgkal g``g bgkfgqg qygaxzmlkh amVh wxhvql xk xlbl + Klk bm vlysyhkah fnh m` bml `miyl syhfhahkqh, m` symbl, klk vmg vqgql qygalqql mk hiygmfl+Vh wxhvql xk xlbl xk amgyml ag` fgbsl am flkfhkqygbhkql, xk vleehqql qylssl flklvfmxql, wxm, shy hvvhyh mkqhyh

@l vqlymfl Mvggf Egyqm gthtg hqql m` miyl mk mqg`mgkl ymbgkhkalkh qg`bhkqh fl`smql ag tl`hy`lgthtg flbxkmfgql he`m vqhvvl g``gxqlyh axygkqh m` `lyl mkflkqyl g Ehyxvg`hbbh kh` 7=4>+ @htm hyg``mahg, qgkql fnh, flbh qhvqmblkmg Egyqm, gthtg flkqgqqgql sgyhffnmh fgvh hamqymfm, bg qxqqh gE`m amfhtgkl? Xk g`qyl `miyl vx``g Vnlgn< Kh giimgbl dmk qylssm+ Khvvxkl `l flbsyhy+ Tmhkh svl`l kh` 7=>> ag Gb Ltha am Qh` Gtmt, flk m` qmql`l amNgzh`ll Gag, g sm am wxgygkqgkkm ag``g symbg hamzmlmqg`mgkg+ @h vxffhvvmth thkqm h sm ymvqgbsh ngkkl thkaxql sm am 63+333 flsmh, mkflygeemgkasm ymhamzmlkm ah``h g`qyh vxh lshyh+

Gymh` Ygqngxv, alfhkqh am @hqqhygqxyg mqg`mgkg g``xkmthyvmq am Ehyxvg`hbbh, gddhybg fnh flklvfmbhkql vlkl ag gqqymixmyh g xkg vhbs`mfh wxhvqmlkh am qhkahkzg, ag` blbhkql fnh Mvygh`h ng vh`g vfmg gbhymfgkg+ Mk hddhqqm, g agqg ah` vxffhvvl am @htm flyymvslkah flk l vqhvvl dhklbhkl gtthkxkhgbhkqh khe`m Vqgqm Xkmqm+ Vl`l g``lyg fm vm gfflyeh am `xm, h klk vl`l shy wxgkql ymexgyag h sxii`

96

Li`mwxh Vqxaml



24/30

ah` 9335 m` ymqyltgbhkql kh``gyfnmtml am ]ga Tgvnhb ah``g ahslvmzmlkhah` alqq+ Symbl @htm, gimqgkqh mk Qlymkl, flyvl Tmqqlyml 45, vqm`gqg g Ylbg m` 71emxekl 7=43 h emxkqg mk Mvygh`h kh``l vqhvvl gkkl, ambhkqmfgqg ag wxgygkqgvhqqhgkkm h ymkthkxqg wxgvm shy fgvl ag xkg vqxamlvg mvygh`mgkg, Bgyeg`mq Vn`gmk, fnh,ymfhyfgkal bgqhymg`h shy xk flkthekl vx``g Shyfhzmlkh ah``lshyg am Symbl @htmmk Mvygh`h, ng shkvgql am tmvmqgyh wxh``gyfnmtml ymhvxbgkal m` alfxbhkql+

@g ahslvmzmlkh am @htm gyymtg kh` 7=43 mkvmhbh ga g`qym alfxbhkqm vshamqmag``Mqg`mg h gddmagqm gm ygssyhvhkqgkqm ah``g bgemvqygqxyg mvygh`mgkg fnh `gtlygklg``mvqyxqqlymg ah` sylfhvvl g Gal`d Hmfnbgkk, dgblvl shy hvvhyh mahgqlyh ah``gvl`xzmlkh dmkg`h ah` syli`hbg hiygmfl, gyyhvqgql `l vqhvvl gkkl mk Gyehkqmkg+Klklvqgkqh `g vxg qhvqmblkmgkzg vmg qygvbhvvg ge`m xddmfm ah``g sylfxyg g Ehyx"vg`hbbh mkvmhbh ga g`qyh fmkwxgkqg amfnmgygzmlkm am hiyhm mqg`mgkm, `l vfymqqlyhklk tmhkh fnmgbgql g qhvqmblkmgyh kh` qymixkg`h fnh flkagkkg Hmfnbgkk gblyqh: `g flvg fnh mkfxymlvmvfh fnh, g` flkqygyml, axygkqh `g qygvbmvvmlkh yg"amldlkmfg ah` sylfhvvl gkagqg gtgkqm shy bhvm, m` sxii`mfl bmkmvqhyl EmahlkNgxvkhy flktlfg vx` igkfl ahm qhvqmblkm shyvlkgeem klqm g` sxii`mfl, flbh `l vfymqqlyh ]hnmh` Amkxyflklvfmxql flk l svhxalkmbl am Jg"Qzhqkmj fnh vtmhkh vx` igkfl ahm qhvqmblkm alsl gthy sylkxkfmgql wsgyl`h? Vlkl thkxql ag xk g`qyl smgkhqg, ag` smgkhqg ah``h fhkhym fnh vm fnmgbg Gxvfnumqz+

Htmahkqhbhkqh g Symbl @htm klk tmhkh gqqymixmqg giigvqgkzg syhvhkzg vfhkmfg+

Qygaxzmlkh gygig h shyvmgkg

agqgqg 933= `mkmzmgqmtg ah` Sylohq G`gamk xkgvvlfmgzmlkh kgqg mflbslvqg ag mkqh``hqqxg`m, vfymqqlym, qygaxqqlym h ams`lbgqmfm am fyham vhkvmim`mzzgzmlkh vx``g Vnlgn ymtl`ql g``xqhkzg mv`gbmfg+ Alsl gthyamvslvmzmlkh vx` vmql uuu+sylohqg`gamk+lye sm am wxgygkqg qhvqm vx``qygalqqm mk gygil, dgyvm, mke`hvh h dygkfhvh h gthy gssxygql `g bgkfgkzg qygaxzmlkh ah` `miylVh wxhvql xk xlblkh``h imi`mlqhfnh mv`gbmfnh, `gvvlfmg"zmlkh vm ahamfgqg g``g qygvslvmzmlkh mk gygil ah``lshyg, vfgymfgim`h agg` vmql mk dlybgql sad+

@g qygaxzmlkh vqgqg syhvhkqgqg g` Symbl @htm Fhkqhy am Khu ]lyj, amvfxshyvlkg`mq wxg`m Qg`g` Gvga, alfhkqh am Gkqylsl`lemg g``g Fmq} Xkmthyvmq ]lyj, Vg`hb Olxiygk, vfymqqlyh klkfn qygaxqqlyh ah` `miyl, Hykhvql Dhyyhyl, vfyqlyh h imleygdl am Symbl @htm, m` amyhqqlyh ah` Sylohq G`gamk, Giygngb Yg

Xkg qygaxzmlkh mk `mkexg gygig vgy mbslyqgkqh g flbsyhkahyh m` ym`mhtlVh wxhvql xk xlblymxvfmy ga gthyh qyg m `hqqlym am `mkexg gygig h shyvmgkg, m

alth vshvvl L`lfgxvql tmhkh bhvvl mk axiiml l shydmkl khegql, flbh gffgaxql kh``Mygk am Bgnbxa Gnbgamk

91




25/30

Ag` ylbgkzl g

@lshyg ng gtxql xk eygkah vxffhvvl mk xkg thyvmlkh ygamldlkmfg mahgqg ag``l vqhvvl @htm shysylaxzmlkh Ygm am Qlymkl h gkagqg mk lkag m` 91 gsym`h ah` 41+

Kh` 41 `g Ygm sylaxvvh xkg thyvmlkh ygamldlkmfg ah` ylbgkzl+ M` yhemvqg hyg Emlyeml Igkamkm h `@htm hyg gddmagqg g Emlyeml Ihyqlyh``m+ Shy yhvqgyh dhah`m g``gqblvdhyg ah` `gehy, yhfmqgtgbl afxffgqm shy m` dyhaal mk xkg smgzzg am Iylzl`l, xk sghvmkl tmfmkl Qlymkl+ Ymflyal fnh emygtgbl g` ixmkvhexhkal bmfyldlkmtl`gkqm h heehkal m flsmlkm flk qlyfh h`hqqymfnh gsshvh g` fl``l+ Xk vhyg vm syhvhkqSymbl @htm+ Fm i`lffgbbl shy `hblzmlkh? fhyql, gthtgbl `hqql m` `miyl, bg qyltgyvm am dylkqh `gxqlyhfgykh ha lvvg dhfh xk fhyql hddhqql+ Dx `xm g ylbshyh m` enmgffml+ Vhbiygtg amthyqmql ag``h yhemag``h sylth fnh flkqmkxgtgbl g dgyh, ag qxqql wxh` tmg tgm am ehkqh+ G xk fhyql sxkql vm emy thyvl am@hm dg G`al

G``mkmzml @htm blvqyg g`fxkh yhqmfhkzh, m` vxl ygfflkql, flbh amfh, ng em fgbimgql qylssh sh``mfmkgql mk qylssh vg`vh, h `l vfymqqlyh ng sgxyg am vqgkfgyh m` vxl sxii`mfl+ Mkl`qyh, @htm qhbh vqhvvl+ Vsmheg? M` sxii`mfl fnh `heeh ZR `lkqgkl, kgvflvql, gklkmbl? m` sxii`mfl qhgqyg`h `, qmgvshqqg g` tgyfl, qm emxamfg+ Smhyg`ihyql Bgyfn mkvmvqhqqh, vl``hfmqgql gkfnh ag kxbhylvm a@h mkmzmg`m yhvmvqhkzh am @htm thkkhyl vxshygqh ag` ahvmahyml gkflyg xkg tl`qg am ygfflkqgam ygfflkqgyh mk blal sm mbbhamgql, am dgy ymtmthyh, am mkd`meehyh `g klvqyg hvshymhkzg, `gflbsgekm vflbsgyvm, g xk sxii`mfl amthyvl h sm tgvql+

75 Tg`hymg Sgyilkm,M` ymflyal am Bgyfn? Flv flktmkvm @htm g bhqqhyh mk vfhkg `lyylyh am Gxvfnumqz, `Xkmq, 98 bgyzl 7==5+7> Mimahb+



26/30


94

Bm shybmvm wxg`fnh vxeehymbhkql? vhflkal bh vm vgyhiih altxql vqhbshygyh m` yxl`l am G`al: mk vfhkg qxe`m mkqhysyhqm althtgkl hvvhyh flbh lbiyh fnh vm vqgffgtgkl ag` dlkal ah``g vfhkg fnh kh``mbslvvmim`mq

ygssyhvhkqgyh dmvmfgbhkqh `h Vv vm vgyhiih slqxql ymflyyhyh g tlfm mk qhahvfl, wxh``h tlfm `gqygkqm amkh` `miyl Bm vqhqqh g vhkqmyh shy xk sl h slm bmkqhyyxssh?Vhkqg, amvvh, vh sylsyml fm fyhah, `l dgffmg+Bg ag vl`l klk fh g dgy bgm, khvvxkl fm ymxvfmyhiih+ Nl imvlekl ah``gmxql am fnm ng tmvvxql wxh``hvshydhfm ml+@hm `l vfymtg ymigqqh wxgkal ng dmkmql thkeg g qyltgybm+ Dx flv+ Bm syhvhkqgm g fgvg vxg g Qlymklflk `h ilzzh+ @xm flbmkfm g `heehyh? klq vximql fm fnh klk gkagtg, bg gkfnh `h flvh fnh slqhtgkl gkagyh+Bm dhfh hkqygyh kh` vxl vqxaml h flbmkfmgbbl g `gtlygyh g wxgqqyl bgkm, vfxfhkal h ymfxfhkal, vbhbiygkal`h sgemkh ah` `miyl h ymflbslkhkal`h kh``h igqqxqh+ Shy gyymtgyh g``g vqhvxyg ahdmkmqmtg mbsmhegbbl axDxylkl vfh`qm e`m gqqlym, xkg wxgygkqmkg, h mk eygk sgyqh am kgzmlkg`mq vqygkmhyg, vm dhfhyl `h syl7=

@l vshqqgfl`l, g``hvqmql ag` Qhgqyl Vqgim`h am Qlymkl, mkqhysyhqgqlag fmkwxgkqgqy gqqlym am vhqqh kgzmlkg`mq amthyvh, exmagqm ag` yhemvqgEmgkdygkfl Ah Ilvml, mk xkl vsgzml vfhkmfl am vqyglyamkgymg h fxsgvxeehvqmlkh mahgql ag Emgkkm Sl`malym+ Mktmqgql g``g ygvvhekg mkqhy"kgzmlkg`h ahm Qhgqym Vqgim`m, lyegkmzzgqg g Dmyhkzh, g fgxvg ah``g``x"tmlkh ah` 1 klthbiyh 7=44, `lshyg bhvvg mk vfhkg g` Qhgqyl Fg"ymekgkl am Qlymkl+ @l vshqqgfl`l tg mk vfhkg m` 7> klthbiyh,vxvfmqgkal eygkah mbsyhvvmlkh shy `g slqhkzg flyg`h amvsmhegqg ag`dl`ql mkvmhbh am gqqlym fnh sylthkelkl ag tgym qhgqym vqgim`m am qxqqgHxylsg h fnh agkkl tmqg g xk vxeehvqmtl wxgkql qygxbgqmfl mbsgvqlbx`qm`mkexh+ @h Vv klk flbsgmlkl bgm? `g `lyl tlfh vm vfgymfg, ygi"imlvg h mkflbsyhkvmim`h, ag g`qlsgy`gkqm amvslvqm mk qhgqyl+ @htm klk

syhvhkqh flbh shyvlkgeeml? m` vxl yxl`l gddmagql g``g dmexyg am G`al, kgyygqlyh am wxgkql gffgahtg amkgkzm g``l vexgyal ah` sxi"i`mfl, fnmbmfl flbh `xm kh``g dmkzmlkh vfhkmfg+

M` sxii`mfl vhex `l vshqqgfl`l shy qxqql m` qhbsl mk yh`memlvl vm`hkzml+ Bhkqyh fg`gtg m` vmsgyml e`mvh kh vqhqqhyl vhaxqm, bg slm qxqqm mkvmhbh, flkqhbslygkhgbhkqh, ig`zgylkl mk smham h flbmkfm xk gssfnh vhbiygtg klk dmkmyh bgm93

@l vqhvvl @htm vm amvvh vlaamvdgqql ah` ymvx`qgql ygeemxkql+

Vmfxygbhkqh hyg dh`mfh+ @g vxg qhvqmblkmgkzg, wxhvqlmkd`meehyh wxhvqg klvqyg hvshymhkzg flbh gkagtgymshqhkal, hyg vqgqg yhfhsmqg+ Wxhvql vl`l flkqgtg shy `xm+ Vm gvshqqgtg fnh `g ygssyhvhkqgzmlkhygssyhvhkqgqg agsshyqxqql, fnh gkagvvh mk emyl shy `Mqg`mg mkqhyg, shyfnkhvvxkl ahth ambhkqmfgyh, am"fhtg+ Sxyqylssl klk dx slvvmim`h+ @g``xtmlkh dhfh vslvqgyh `h agqh ah``h vxffhvvmth ygssyhvhkqgzmlgqqlym gthtgkl syhvl g`qym mbshekm h althqqhyl gvfmgyfm+ Mk qxqql ymxvfmbbl g dgyh xkg qyhkqmkg g Qlymkl h amkqlykm+97

7= Mimahb+93 Mimahb+



27/30

Li`mwxh Vqxaml

95

Kh``g ygssyhvhkqgzmlkh qhgqyg`h vm ymhvfh g xqm`mzzgyh `lymemkg`mq qhfkmfg h gyqmvqmfg syhg`q giklybh em ahvfymqqg `hqqhygymgbhkqh+ Vm xvgkl qxqqh `h slvvmim`mq hvsyhvvmth fnhlddymyh? `l vfhkgyml, fml `g tmvxg`mzzgzmlkh ahm `xlenm mkdhykg`m, `h sgkqlbmbh ahm ahslyqgemlfl ah``h `xfm, m agqm gxamqmtm h lyg`m flbh m yxblym ah` qyhkl, `g dgkdgyg gvvxyag, `h xy`g, e`m`g flkdxvmlkh ah``h mkexh, qxqqm h`hbhkqm vfhkmfm fgsgfm am vhytmyh g` qhvql mkmzmg`h, dlyvh mkvmhbh `g tml`hkzg h `g dlyzg xkmthyvg`h+

@g thyvmlkh qhgqyg`h tmhkh vqgbsgqg ag Hmkgxam flkqhbslygkhgbhkqh g``g bhvvg mk vfhkg ah`.7=44- h ymsxii`mfgqg kh` 7==6, flk xk qhvql mkqylaxqqmtl am @htm? Hssxyh, shy bl`qm am klm `g vsygttmthyh vm mahkqmdmfgtg flk xkg`qyg vshygkzg sm syhfmvg? vshygtgbl klk am tmthyh h ygfflkqshy ygfflkqgyh+ m` vlekl ahm yhaxfm am qxqqm m qhbsm, ah` dlyqh h ah` tm`h, ah` slhqg h ah` vhbs`mYxzgkqh+

Tmthyh shy ygfflkqgyh, xk imvlekl syldlkal h bhamqgql, qgkql sm dlyqh wxgkql sm axyg hyg `hvshqygvbhqqhyh+ H `hvshymhkzg fnh txl`h ygfflkqgyfm qyg `h sm dlyqm fnh slvvgkl hvvhyfm+ Hffl shyfnsh``hkzg am ygfflkqgyh, m vlsygttmvvxqm qygvdlybgqmvm mk kgyygqlym mkdgqmfgim`m, mbshymlvm, bshyfn hyg fnmgyl g qxqqm, amfh gkflyg @htm, fnh `h flvh fnh hygkl vqgqh tmvqh althtgkl hvvhyh ygfflkq

97 Mimahb+



28/30

Flkf`xvmlkh

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Klklvqgkqh m ymdmxqm h m ymflklvfmbhkqm qgyamtm,Symbl @htm ymxvfmql kh` vxl mkqhkql? flk m` ymelyh fnhfm vm gvshqqg ag xk fnmbmfl, ng bgyfgql g vgkexhdyhaal m qygqqm am wxh``g fgqqmtmq, fh `ng blvqygqg mkqxqqg `g vxg fyxahzzg, hssxyh klk ng bgkfgql am shy"bhgy`g ah``g vxg xbgkmq, ah``g ah`mfgqhzzg h ah``g slh"vmg am fxm hyg fgsgfh+ @htm ng shybhvvl fnh shyvlkh

flbh @h``l Shyxemg klk vmgkl vqgqh qygvdlybgqh vl`lmk xk kxbhyl mkfmvl vx``g sh``h, bg dlvvhyl gddmagqg``g vqlymg flbh xlbmkm+

Vlsygqqxqql, g` am ah``g qhvqmblkmgkzg vqlymfg,Vh wxhvql xk xlblng mkvhekgql g mkqhyh ehkhygzmlkm mvmekmdmfgql ah``g amekmq xbgkg h ah` yxl`l symbgyah``g flklvfhkzg flkqyl m` ymsylslyvm am igyigymh ha hyylym sgvvgqm+ Symbg gkflyg am hvvhyh xk `miyl vVnlgn xk `miyl vx``xlbl, xklshyg vhbsyh gqqxg`ham ahkxkfmg flkqyl `g vshyvlkg`mzzgzmlkh ah``mkamaxl, fnh vsylkg m` `hqqlyh g ymih``gyvm, ga gddhybgyh

vqhvvl, g klk gyyhkahyvm flkqyl fnm qhkqg am vlsygddgm` sylvvmbl, am gkkx``gy`l+ Ymvflsymgbl m` bhvvgeemflk xk vgslyh kxltl, ahfmvgbhkqh sm gbgyl, khmthyvm ah` fgkql agkqhvfl am X`mvvh ymslyqgqm ag``gxqlymkhvh+ @htm exmag m` `hqqlyh kh` vxl shyvlkg`hdhykl, bhqqhkal`l mk exgyamg vx``g kgqxyg xbgkg fg"sgfh am thyh h sylsymh lvqhkqgzmlkm am bg`tgemq?

Klk fm vlkl ahblkm, e`m gvvgvvmkm am bm`mlkm am mkklfhkqm vlkl ehkqh flbh klm, ngkkl m` klvqyl tmvl, fm ygvKlk ngkkl vgkexh amthyvl ag` klvqyl, bg ngkkl mkdm`gql, flkvgshtl`bhkqh l kl, xkg vqygag ymvfnmlvg, `g vqygag ah`lvvhwxml h ah` flkvhkvl, fnh vhkzg ymqlykl+

`htm\vh\wxhvql\h\xk\xlbl?yv 95,36,9379 75+76 Sgemkg 9>


29/30

Imi`mleygdmg

Fgyl`h Gkemhy,M` alssml `hegbh+ Tmqg am Symbl @htm , Blkagalym, Bm`gkl 9331: Dygkfl Gkqlkmfh``m,@x`qmbl ah``g fgqhkg, @g Vqgbsg, 67 bgeeml 7=8>: Bgyfl Ih`sl`mqm .g fxyg am-,Symbl @htm? flkthyvgzmlkm h mkqhytmvqh 7=46"7=>5 , Hmkgxam, Qlymkl 7==5: Ymqg Fgffgbl Ah @xfg, Bgkxh`g L`gekhyl,Symbl @htm , Blkal lshygml, bgyzl 7=1>: Gyymel Fgoxbm,Mbbgemkm mkambhkqmfgim`m , @g Vqgbsg, 94 klthbiyh 7=15: Mqg`l Fg`tmkl,Shyfn heehyh m f`gvvmfm , Blkagalym, Bm`gkl 7==7: Mqg`l Fg`tmkl,Xk `miyl vxm fgbsm ah``g blyqh+Vh wxhvql xk xlbl, `Xkmq, 4 bgeeml 7=1>: Dhyamkgkal Fgblk, Bg `g fl`sg klk am Sgthvh , Flyymhyh ah``g Vhyg, 71 emxekl 7=>5: Ymffgyal Fnmgihyeh,Fnm `hiyhl fnh ilffm Symbl @htm< , Flyymhyh ah``g Vhyg, 77 emxekl 7=>5: Agkqh Ah``g Qhyzg, mkSymbl @htm? vfymqqxyg h qhvqmblkmgkzg, g fxyg am Agtma Bhenkgem, @miym @mihym, Dmyhkzh Emx`ml Hmkgxam,Dygbbhkqm am bhblymg, Klqqhqhbsl, Ylbg 933=:

Iyxkl Dg`fhqql,@Mkamfh ahm `miym ah` bhvh , k+ 1, 7==5: Hykhvql Dhyyhyl,Symbl @htm? `g tmqg, `h lshyh , Hmkgxam, Qlymkl 9335: Hykhvql Dhyyhyl,Symbl @htm? g tmqg, xkgkql`lemg ah``g fymqmfg, Hmkgxam, Qlymkl 7=55: Iyxkl Dlkzm,@xlbl g zhyl, M` Blkal, 9= `xe`ml 7=8>: Symbl @htm,@Gbmfl ah` slsl`l, Thyfh``m, bgyzl"bgeeml 7=15: Symbl @htm,Vh wxhvql xk xlbl, Ah Vm`tg, Qlymkl 7=15: Symbl @htm,Vh wxhvql xk xlbl, Hmkgxam, Qlymkl 7=46: Symbl @htm,M vlbbhyvm h m vg`tgqm , Hmkgxam, Qlymkl 7=>4: Symbl @htm,Vh wxhvql xk xlbl, @g qyhexg, Hmkgxam, Qlymkl 7=>=: Kmfl`g Lyhkel,Kgqg`mg Emkzixye? khvvxkl fhkvxy Symbl @htm , @g Vqgbsg, 79 emxekl 7=>5: Tg`hymg Sgyilkm,M` ymflyal am Bgyfn? Flv flktmkvm @htm g bhqqhyh mk vfhkg `lyylyh am Gxvfnumqz, `Xkmq,

98 bgyzl 7==5: Egiymh``g Sl`m,Hfnm am xkg tlfh shyaxqg ? mkflkqym, mkqhytmvqh h flkthyvgzmlkm flk Symbl @htm , Bxyvmg, Bm`gkl 7==9: Fgy`l Yximkgffm,Symbl @htm? xkg hyhamq blyg`h shy `haxfgzmlkh h `g vfxl`g, Gkmfmg, Ylbg 9339: Gaymgkl Vhylkm,Vm ymvqgbsg m` `miyl am Symbl @htm, Vh wxhvql xk xlbl, `Xkmq, 77 `xe`ml 7=8>: Bm`tmg Vsgam,@h sgyl`h am xk xlbl? mkflkqyl flk Symbl @ht m, Am Ymhkzl, Ylbg 7==5: Dmlyg Tmkfhkqm,Mktmql g``g `hqqxyg am Symbl @htm,Bxyvmg, Bm`gkl 7=56: Flyymvslkahkzg qyg Ylihyq Uhm` h Gkayhg Dmgkl, M blqmtm ah` qgyamtl vxffhvvl am Symbl @htm khe`mTlfm

ag` blkal shy Symbl @htm? mk bhblymg, shy `g bhblymg, g fxyg am @xmem Ahm, Dmyhkzh Xkmthyvmq} Syhvv, Dmyh

`htm\vh\wxhvql\h\xk\xlbl?yv 95,36,9379 75+76 Sgemkg 9=


30/30

Mkqylaxzmlkh 6

@g ehkhvm 8@Gbmfl ah` Slsl`l 8Hamzmlkm Ah Vm`tg 4

M` ymdmxql =

Vh wxhvql xk xlbl h `g fgvg hamqymfh Hmkgxam 76@g dmkh ah``g blyqh gssgyhkqh 76@h mkqheygzmlkm 75

@h yhgzmlkm g``hvqhyl 7>Qygaxzmlkh mke`hvh 7>Qygaxzmlkh qhahvfg 7=Qygaxzmlkh dygkfhvh 99Qygaxzmlkh mvygh`mgkg 96Qygaxzmlkh gygig h shyvmgkg 91

Ag` ylbgkzl g 98

Flkf`xvmlkh 9>

Imi`mleygdmg 9=

Mkamfh


Primo Levi, "Se questo è un uomo", caso editoriale

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