Presenters 演讲人 - Managing Intellectual Property · 2014-06-17 · Case Study of Hanergy's...
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2014-6-16 1 MIP - China-International IP Forum Industry Focus: High tech, Electronics and Software Patenting Outside China June 12, Beijing 《知识产权管理》—— 中国国际知识产权论坛 聚焦高科技、电子和软件行业在海外的专利工作情况 2014年6月12日，北京 2 Presenters 演讲人 • Esther Lim – Partner (Moderator) Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP • Campbell Chiang - Patent Counsel Qualcomm Incorporated • Songling Li – Director of Science & Technology Management Department Hanergy Holding Group • Liangyan Shi – IP Director Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd. • Shaobin Zhu – Attorney at Law Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP • 林艺思 –合伙人（主持人） 美国飞翰律师事务所 • 江长道 –专利律师 高通无线通讯技术（中国）有限公司 • 李松林 – 技术管理部总监 汉能控股集团 • 时良燕 – 知识产权部部长 金凤科技股份有限公司 • 朱韶斌–律师 美国飞翰律师事务所
Transcript of Presenters 演讲人 - Managing Intellectual Property · 2014-06-17 · Case Study of Hanergy's...
2014-6-16
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MIP - China-International IP Forum Industry Focus: High tech, Electronics and Software
Patenting Outside China June 12, Beijing
《知识产权管理》—— 中国国际知识产权论坛
聚焦高科技、电子和软件行业在海外的专利工作情况 2014年6月12日，北京
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Presenters
演讲人
• Esther Lim – Partner (Moderator) Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP • Campbell Chiang - Patent Counsel Qualcomm Incorporated • Songling Li – Director of Science & Technology Management Department Hanergy Holding Group • Liangyan Shi – IP Director Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd.
• Shaobin Zhu – Attorney at Law Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP • 林艺思 –合伙人（主持人） 美国飞翰律师事务所 • 江长道 –专利律师 高通无线通讯技术（中国）有限公司 • 李松林 – 技术管理部总监 汉能控股集团 • 时良燕 – 知识产权部部长 金凤科技股份有限公司 • 朱韶斌–律师 美国飞翰律师事务所
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Expediting U.S. Patent Prosecution
Campbell Chiang Patent Counsel, Qualcomm Incorporated
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Qualcomm Incorporated
200+ office locations around the world
~ 31,000 employees
Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. (QTI)
Qualcomm Innovation Center, Inc. (QuIC)
Qualcomm MEMS Technologies, Inc.
Qualcomm Mobile & Computing
Qualcomm Technology Licensing
Qualcomm Ventures
…..
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Expediting U.S. Patent Prosecution
Prioritized Examination (“Track One”)
Accelerated Examination
Patent Prosecution Highway
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US Patent Office Pendency
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Prioritized Examination (“Track One”)
USPTO goal: final disposition within 12 months
File request at time of filing
$4,000 fee (small and micro entity discounts available)
Limit: 4 independent claims, 30 total claims
Includes continuing applications and RCEs
Does not include national stage applications under 35 U.S.C. § 371 or reissue applications
May request prioritized examination for “bypass” continuations
No extension of time during prosecution
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Prioritized Examination Statistics
Data as of March 18, 2014
Pendency to FAOM from Grant: 2.5 months
Pendency to Final Disposition from Grant: 6.6 months
Pending Granted Requests
Dismissed
Total
FY2014 986 2645 143 3774
FY2013 14 6333 525 6872
FY2012 0 4666 358 5024
FY2011 3 827 25 855
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Accelerated Examination
USPTO goal: final examiner decision within 12 months
$140 petition fee
Limit: 3 independent claims, 20 total claims
Requires: Pre-Examination Search & Examination Support Document
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Patent Prosecution Highway
Global
IP5
USPTO-SIPO bilateral
PCT-PPH
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Thank You
Campbell Chiang
+86-10-5776-0772
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References to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, or subsidiaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business and QCT.
For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at: www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
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Case Study of Hanergy's Overseas M & A Practices: —How to Use Patents to Increase Your Company's Value
Songli Li & Shaobin Zhu (June 12, 2014, Beijing)
案例学习：汉能集团海外并购实践
—如何运用专利来提升贵公司的价值 李松林、朱韶斌（2014年6月12日，北京）
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Overview
概览
Case study of Hanergy's overseas M & A practices
Why do patents increase your company’s value？
Patenting strategies for increasing your company’s value？
案例学习：汉能集团海外并购实践
专利为什么提升贵公司价值？
提升贵公司价值的专利策略
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Established in 1994, Hanergy Holding Group is multinational clean-
energy power generation company, businesses cover hydropower, wind
power and photovoltaic power generation
Total installed capacity of hydropower projects exceeds 6GW, capacity of
wind power projects is 131MW
The biggest thin-film solar company in the world, total production
capacity is 3GW
Integration of the entire photovoltaic industry chain, covering R&D,
equipment manufacturing, PV module production and construction of
photovoltaic power plants
汉能控股集团成立于1994年，是全球化的清洁能源跨国公司，业务横跨水电、风电、光伏发电
水电项目权益总装机容量超过6GW，风电总装机131MW
专注于薄膜太阳能，是目前全球最大的薄膜太阳能企业,总产能已达到3GW
技术研发、高端装备制造、光伏组件生产和光伏电站建设全产业链整合
Hanergy：Change the world by clean energy
汉能 — 用清洁能源改变世界
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Hanergy overseas M&A cases
汉能海外并购案例
Through global technical integration and independent innovation,
Hanergy’s thin-film photovoltaic technology has reached international
advanced levels
Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) modules production conversion
efficiency is 15.7%, maximum conversion efficiency of R&D is 20.5%,
which is certified by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
通过海外技术并购和自主创新，汉能的薄膜光伏技术已达到国际领先水平
铜铟镓硒（CIGS）组件量产转化率已达15.7%，研发转化率最高已达20.5%
，并获得美国国家可再生能源实验室（NREL）认证
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Why
What (patent, trademark, know-how, domain name…)
Who (IP/technical, inside/outside…)
How (research, onsite investigation, coordination with outside team… )
Deliveries (findings, analysis & suggestions, actions…)
目的
内容（专利，商标，技术/商业秘密，域名等）
团队（知识产权/技术，内部/外部等）
形式（资料调研，现场考察，内外协同）
结果（调查发现，分析建议，行动）
Concerns about IP during M&A
并购过程中知识产权方面需考虑的问题
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Macro analysis
– Legal status, countries , technology areas…
Patent contents analysis
– Compatibility with technologies used, rank…
Risk assessment
– Known technology, competitors, law suits, management…
宏观分析
– 法律状态、申请地域、技术领域…
内容分析
– 业务匹配性、重要性…
风险分析
– 已知技术、竞争对手、 法律诉讼、管理…
Contents of patent investigation
专利调查主要内容
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Overall planning of patent tactics
Continued IP value estimation
Patent application for continued innovation
专利战略的统筹考虑及布局
知识产权的价值持续评估
持续的技术创新专利保护
Continued IP management after M&A
并购后知识产权管理
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Freedom-to-operation
– Gain the access in the international competition
Leadership of the technology & marketing
– IP of key technology guarantees market share
Enhance the value of intangible assets
– Better corporate image
自由实施能力
–具备国际竞争的准入条件
技术及市场领先
–拥有关键技术知识产权，为市场提供保障
无形资产价值提升
–企业形象得到提升
Value of IP gained through M&A
并购知识产权价值
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Overview
概览
Case study of Hanergy's overseas M & A practices
Why do patents increase your company’s value？
Patenting strategies for increasing your company’s value？
案例学习：汉能集团海外并购实践
专利为什么提升贵公司价值？
提升贵公司价值的专利策略
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(IP is the largest component of Intangibles) （知识产权是无形资产的最大组成部分）
Source: Ocean Tomo 来源: Ocean Tomo
Innovation & IP: S&P 500 Market Value
创新和知识产权：S&P 500 市场价值
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Examples of Increasing Corporate Value
增长公司价值的例子 Dec. 2012: Kodak sold and licensed 1,100 digital imaging patents to a consortium
organized by Intellectual Ventures and RPX for $525 million
Sept. 2012: InterDigital completed the sale of its 1,700 mobile and wireless technology
patents and applications to Intel for $375 million
May 2012: Google concluded purchase of Motorola Mobility, including 17,000 patents, for
$12.5 billion
2012年12月：Kodak以5.25亿美元的价格向由知识风投和RPX牵头的财团出售和许可了1,100件数字影像专利
2012年9月：InterDigital以3.75亿美元的价格向Intel转让1,700件移动和无线技术专利和申请
2012年5月：Google以125亿美元完成了摩托罗拉移动的收购，其中包含17,000
件专利
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Examples of Increasing Corporate Value
增长公司价值的例子
April 2012: AOL worked with Finnegan and other key advisors to sell and license of
800+ patents to Microsoft for over $1 billion
Feb. 2012: CPTN consortium (Microsoft, Apple, Oracle, and EMC) clears DOJ review
to buy 882 Novell patents for $2.2 billion
July 2011: Nortel sold its patent portfolio of 6,000 patents to Rockstar consortium for
$4.5 billion
2012年4月：AOL与飞翰律师事务所和其它几家主要顾问合作，以10亿多美元的售价向微软出售和许可800+件专利
2012年2月：CPTN财团（微软，苹果e，Oracle和 EMC）以22亿美元对882件
Novell专利的收购通过了司法部审查
2011年7月：Nortel 以45亿美元的售价将包含6000件专利的组合出售给
Rockstar 财团
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i4i Limited Partnership v. Microsoft Corp. (E.D. Tex, 2009)
– Jury awarded i4i $200 million in damages for infringement of its XML patent by
Microsoft
i4i Limited Partnership诉Microsoft（德州东区联邦地方法院，2009年）
– 陪审团裁决微软侵犯i4i的XML专利，微软赔偿i4i 2亿美元的赔偿金
Examples of Increasing Corporate Value by Enforcement
通过维权增长公司价值的例子
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Uniloc USA, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp. (D.R.I., 2009)
– Jury awarded Uniloc $338 million in damages for infringement of its software
registration patent by Microsoft
Uniloc诉Microsoft（罗德岛区联邦地方法院，2009年）
– 陪审团裁决微软侵犯Uniloc的软件登记专利，微软赔偿Uniloc 3.38亿美元的赔偿金
Examples of Increasing Corporate Value by Enforcement
通过维权增长公司价值的例子
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Patents Help You Win the Market
专利帮您赢得市场
Golden Rule: He who owns the gold (strong patents) wins the market Exemplary companies owning a huge number of U.S. patents and patent applications:
– Apple: 18,101 – Microsoft: 36,037 – Intel: 44,700 – IBM: 96,539 – Samsung: 120,077 – Hitachi: 68,459 – Sony: 59,242
黄金法则：谁拥有金子（强有力的专利），谁就会赢得市场 拥有庞大数量的美国专利和专利申请的公司包括： – 苹果：18,101 – 微软： 36,037 – 英特尔： 44,700 – 国际商用机器： 96,539 – 三星： 120,077 – 日立：68,459 – 索尼：59,242
- Qualcom: 21,939
- Broadcom: 12,012
- TSMC: 6,922
- Huawei: 6,091
- ZTE: 2,442
- 高通: 21,939
- 博通: 12,012
- 台基电: 6,922
- 华为: 6,091
- 中兴: 2,442
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Patents Help Minimize Risks of Patent Litigation
专利帮助最小化专利诉讼风险
Owning patents minimizes risks of being sued, including:
– Damages
– Injunction
– Loss of Business Opportunities
– Costs of Litigation
拥有专利，会大大降低被诉风险。风险包括：
– 损害赔偿金
– 禁止令
– 业务机会的损失
– 诉讼成本
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Overview
概览
Case study of Hanergy's overseas M & A practices
Why do patents increase your company’s value？
Patenting strategies for increasing your company’s value？
案例学习：汉能集团海外并购实践
专利为什么提升贵公司价值？
提升贵公司价值的专利策略
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Patenting Strategies
专利策略 Protect your products in the market
– Offensive use of patents (injunctions, damages)
– Defensive use of patents (negotiate from strength, counter-suits, invalidate others’
patents)
Align your patenting strategies with business objectives
– Obtain patents protection to bar others
– Develop technology that can be protected & practiced
在市场中为您的产品保驾护航
– 对专利的攻击性使用（禁止令、损害赔偿金）
– 对专利的防御性使用（处于有利地位进行协商、反诉、使他人专利失效）
使您的专利策略与业务目标相匹配
– 获取专利保护以阻止他人
– 开发可加以保护并付诸实践的技术
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Patenting Strategies
专利策略
Use other patents to increase your value through licensing (for $ or
freedom to operate) and enforcement (for $ from damages or settlement,
or improved competitiveness)
使用其他专利，通过授予许可（收费或自由使用）和强制执行（基于损害赔偿金或和解而收费，或提高竞争力）提升贵公司价值
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Patenting Strategies
专利策略 Business / Marketing
– Know where is the market of yours and competitors – Understand your business goals – Identify risks
Science / Technical – Identifies technical possibilities for patenting – Know what is barred
Legal – Identifies opportunities for leverage – Know business goals and technical possibilities
业务/营销 – 了解您和竞争对手的市场所在 – 了解您的业务目标 – 确定风险
科学/技术 – 确定专利的技术可能性 – 了解哪些是禁止的
法律 – 找出可以利用的机会 – 了解业务目标和技术可能性
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Patenting Strategies
专利策略 Who are your customers?
Who are your competitors?
Where is there going to be growth?
– Growth of your company
– Growth of your competitors
What patents can maximize your growth / profit?
您的客户是谁？
您的竞争对手是谁？
哪方面会有发展？
– 贵公司的发展
– 竞争对手的发展
哪些专利能帮助您最大化发展/利润？
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Patenting Strategies
专利策略
Build effective patent portfolio: How?
– Prosecute patents
– Buy patents
– Acquire patents by Mergers and Acquisitions
建立有效的专利组合:如何?
– 申办专利
– 购买专利
– 通过并购获取专利
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Chart or Map IP & Markets—Your Products
图表或地图知识产权和市场—您的产品 Your IP: Products / Markets
What is the portfolio
– Scope – Does it protect products?
– Can it be designed around?
– Strength – Can it be invalidated?
– Does it impact other products?
您的知识产权： 产品/市场
什么组合
– 范围 – 是否保护产品？
– 能否进行规避设计？
– 专利强度 – 能否宣布失效？
– 是否影响其他产品？
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Chart or Map IP & Markets—Competitor Products
图表或地图知识产权和市场—竞争对手的产品
Your IP: Products / Markets
What is the portfolio
– Scope – Could it bar competing products?
– Strength – Can it easily be invalidated?
– Can it easily be designed around?
您的知识产权： 产品/市场
什么组合
– 范围 – 能否阻止竞争产品？
– 专利强度 – 能否轻易宣布失效？
– 能否轻易进行规避设计？
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Chart or Map IP & Markets—Third Parties
图表或地图知识产权和市场—第三方
Non-competing third parties may have useful IP— obtain by license, by
purchase, or by acquisition of third party
– To allow the practice of alternatives around your competitors’ patents
– To obtain patents to impede competitors’ competing products
– To obtain patents to impede competitors’ other products
– To obtain IP to bar issuance of competitors’ patents
非竞争性第三方可能拥有实用的知识产权—通过许可、购买或收购第三方来获取
– 允许规避您竞争对手专利的替代实践
– 获取专利以阻止竞争对手的竞争产品
– 获取专利以阻止竞争对手的其他产品
– 获取知识产权以阻止竞争对手的专利颁布
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Patenting Strategies
专利策略 Inventing-around valid and enforceable patents
Fencing-in competitors by barring improvements
Building a toll-bridge to the future
Changing the relative cost of doing business
Collecting bargaining chips for deals
Invalidating others’ patents that impede your business
发明规避有效且可执行的专利
通过阻止改进来限制竞争对手
建立通向未来的收费通道
改变业务运营的相对成本
收集用于交易的谈判筹码
使妨碍您业务的他人专利失效
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“Inventing Around” a Patent
“发明规避”专利 Find a non-infringing alternative to claimed processes, machines, products, or
composition
Inventing around others—provides a free(er) ride to value and potential profit?
– Optimally with further added value
– Patent (if sufficiently novel and non-obvious)
– Trade secret (if potential to preserve as trade secret, or not patentable)
Inventing around yourself—protecting, and adding to, your own IP for value and profit!
对于已声明权利的工艺、机器、产品、或合成物，寻找非侵权的替代专利
发明规避他人的专利—免费提供获取价值和潜在利润的途径？
– 最适合进一步提升价值
– 专利（如果足够新颖且并不显而易见）
– 商业秘密（如果可能保留为商业秘密，或不可取得专利）
规避设计您自己的专利—保护并提升您自己的知识产权价值和利润！
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Fencing-In Competitors by Barring Improvements
通过阻止改进专利来限制竞争对手
Core products can be extended by relatively minor further development to
produce variants, etc
Minor changes to processes, machines, products, or composition to maximize
value extracted from initial invention and development
Identifying and patenting these minor changes reduces ability of competitor to
compete
核心产品可通过相对较小的进一步开发而扩展，从而产生变体等
通过对工艺、机器、产品、或合成物的小改动，使初步发明和开发中提取的价值最大化
找出这些小改动并申请专利，可削弱竞争对手的竞争力
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Building a Toll-Bridge to the Future
建立通向未来的收费通道 Identify the direction the future is headed
– Very difficult and uncertain process
– Requires significant investment of time/resources
Devote resources to developing innovation in area
Patent innovations to bar others entry to the “future”
– Patents to necessary products or processes
– Patents to ultimate product or process
– Patent innovations that support viable competition within the future market
明确未来的发展方向
– 非常困难且不确定的流程
– 需要投入大量时间/资源
将资源用于开发特定领域的创新
通过专利创新阻止他人通向“未来”
– 必要产品或工艺的专利
– 最终产品或工艺的专利
– 支持未来市场中可行竞争的专利创新
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Changing the Relative Cost of Doing Business
改变业务运营的相对成本
A “soft” blocking technique
– It doesn’t bar the manufacture or use of competitors’ product
– It makes manufacture or use less competitive
Target the manufacture of precursors, including those for which public-domain
methods exist
Obtaining source of cheap precursors, but denying access to competitors,
disadvantages competitors
“软性”阻止的技巧
– 并不阻止竞争对手产品的制造或使用
– 而是削弱制造或使用的竞争力
将目标定位在前身的制造，包括存在公共领域方法的制造
获取廉价前身的来源，但是拒绝竞争对手的权限，使其处于不利地位
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How to Apply Competitive Pressure
如何施加竞争压力 Most relevant to the production of non-patented materials (if material patented, less
relevant)
Direct pressure—you produce product & compete
– Can produce at lower cost (lower input costs)
– Depending on cost advantage, can reduce or eliminate profit obtained by competitor
Indirect pressure—you license to others to produce
– Obtain $ or access to other technology
– Reduce resources available to competitor
与非专利材料的生产最为相关（如果是材料已被专利保护，则相关性较低）
直接压力—您生产产品并进行竞争
– 能够以较低成本生产（较低的投入成本）
– 根据成本优势，可降低或消除竞争对手获得的利润
间接压力—您向他人授予生产许可
– 获取资金或其他技术
– 减少竞争对手所能获得的资源
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Use of Bargaining Chips
谈判筹码的使用 A Bargaining Chip is any IP right that allows pressure on others—e.g., right to exclude another
from carrying out their business
It is defined as a “bargaining chip,” by its use
– Something to trade when “they” have IP that blocks your business
– Something to trade when you want IP to block another competitor’s business
Also referred to as “poker chips”
– Often apt description as negotiations may well include a lot of bluffing, etc.
谈判筹码是指任何能对他人施加压力的知识产权—例如，使他人无法从事业务的权利
按照用途定义为“谈判筹码”
– 在“他人”拥有的知识产权可阻碍您业务的情况下，某些可用来交易的内容
– 在您希望拥有知识产权来阻碍其他竞争对手业务的情况下，某些可用来交易的内容
又称为“牌局筹码”
– 通常是一种合适的描述，因为谈判中很可能包含大量虚张声势的手段等
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Attacking Validity / Enforceability of Patents
挑战专利的有效性和执行力
Ex Parte Reexam
单方复审
Post-Grant Review
授予后复议
Inter Partes Review
多方复议
When?
时间
After grant
授予后
No more than 9 months after grant (Sept. 16,
2012, but of a patent with an effective filing date
of the claimed invention on or after March 16,
2013) 授予后不超过9个月（2012年9月16日，但
是对于具有主张发明的有效申请日的专利，在2013年3月16日当天或之后）
After 9 months from grant
授予后9个月后
Threshold
Showing
门槛
SNQP
专利性实质性新问题
“more likely than not that at least 1 of the claims
challenged in the petition is unpatentable” or
important novel/unsettled legal question
“请愿书中至少一条被异议权利要求更可能具有不可专利性”或重要的新的/没有解决的法律问题
Reasonable likelihood of
success
成功的合理可能性
Anonymity
匿名
Yes
是
No
否
No
否
Estoppel
禁反言
None
无
Issues raised or reasonably could have been
raised by the petitioner: PTO, district court, and
ITC
被请愿人提起或可合理地提起的问题：专利商标局、联邦地区法院与美国国际贸易委员会
Issues raised or reasonably
could have been raised by
the petitioner: PTO, district
court, and ITC
被请愿人提起或可合理地提起的问题：专利商标局、联邦地区法院与美国国际贸易委员会
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Attacking Validity / Enforceability of Patents
挑战专利的有效性和执行力
Ex Parte Reexam
单方复审
Post-Grant Review
授予后复议
Inter Partes Review
多方复议
Grounds 102, 103 101, 102, 103, 112
102, 103
Before
Whom?
CRU中央审查部 PTAB专利审理和上诉委员会 PTAB专利审理和上诉委员会
Discovery/
Evidence?
Declaration
证言书
Declaration and discovery
证言书和证据收集
Declaration and discovery
证言书和证据收集
Speed 专利
商标局的速度
Many Years
很多年
1 to 1½ years
一年至一年半
1 to 1½ years
一年至一年半
Appeal
上诉
Only patentee can
appeal to Board and
then Federal Circuit
仅专利权人可上诉至委员会，而后是联邦巡回上诉
法院
Both parties can appeal to
Federal Circuit
双方均可上诉至联邦巡回上诉法院
Both parties can appeal to Federal
Circuit
双方均可上诉至联邦巡回上诉法院
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Shaobin Zhu focuses his practice on patent litigation in U.S. district
courts; Section 337 investigations at the U.S. International Trade
Commission (ITC); and client counseling and patent prosecution, with an
emphasis on computer software, Internet technologies, videogames,
telecommunications, video processing, LEDs, and electronic technology.
He also has handled administrative post-grant proceedings challenging
validity of disputed patents.
朱韶斌律师来自美国飞翰上海办公室，执业领域包括美国联邦地区法院诉讼、美国国际贸易委员会（ITC）337条款调查、客户咨询、以及专利申请，重点领域包括计算机软件、互联网技术、电子游戏、电信、多媒体图像处理、发光二极管、和电子技术。此外，他处理过专利授权后挑战专利有效性的复议程序。
Speaker Information
演讲者简历
美国飞翰律师事务所
驻上海代表处
中国上海浦东新区
陆家嘴环路166号
未来资产大厦28楼A-B单元
邮编：200120
+86 (21) 6194-2086
+86 18721288581
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Thank You! Questions?
谢谢！问题？
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Thank you!
谢谢！ Esther Lim
021.6194.2008
Campbell Chiang
010.5776.0772
Songling Li
010.8391.4567
Liangyan Shi
010.8785.7640
Shaobin Zhu
021.6194.2086
林艺思
021.6194.2008
江长道
010.5776.0772
李松林
010.8391.4567
时良艳
010.8785.7640
朱韶斌
021.6194.2086
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Disclaimer
免责声明 These materials are public information and have been prepared solely for educational and
entertainment purposes to contribute to the understanding of U.S. intellectual property law.
These materials reflect only the personal views of the authors and are not a source of legal
advice. It is understood that each case is fact specific, and that the appropriate solution in
any case will vary. Therefore, these materials may or may not be relevant to any particular
situation. Thus, the authors and Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP
cannot be bound either philosophically or as representatives of their various present and
future clients to the comments expressed in these materials. The presentation of these
materials does not establish any form of attorney-client relationship with the authors or
Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP. While every attempt was made to
ensure that these materials are accurate, errors or omissions may be contained therein, for
which any liability is disclaimed.
本资料为公开信息，仅供教育之目的，旨在增进对美国知识产权法的理解。本资料仅代表作者的个人观点，并不构成对具体案件出具的法律意见，也不代表飞翰律师事务所的观点。众所周知，每个案件都有其独特的案件事实，因此不同案件的适当解决方法也各不相同。因此，本资料可能与任何特定情形相关，也可能无关。据此，作者和飞翰律师事务所对其现在或将来的客户无需就本资料中所出具的任何评论意见承担任何法律责任。本资料的呈递行为不构成与飞翰或作者的任何形式的律师-委托人关系。尽管作者已尽力确保本资料的准确性，但本资料中仍可能含有错误或疏漏之处，对此作者将概不承担任何责任。
