Presentation Shw 32oo, Isnin Ni
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Transcript of Presentation Shw 32oo, Isnin Ni
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The arachnoid invests the spinal cord
loosely.
Continuous with the cerebral arachnoidabove, it traverses the foramen magnum
and descends to about the S2 vertebrallevel.The subarachnoid space ( containscerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.))
There is a wide interval between thearachnoid and pia
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The pia mater invests the spinal cord
closely Ensheathes the anterior spinal artery (as
the linea splendens), and enters the
anterior median fissure.
Forms a discontinuous longitudinalseptum, the denticulate ligament
Sends about 21 tooth-like processes
laterally to fuse with the arachnoid anddura oneach side
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Meninges
- three layers of connective tissue
covering thebrain and spinal cord; duramater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
dura mater
outermost of the meningeal layers coveringthebrain and spinal cord
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arachnoid mater
- intermediate one of the three layers of
meninges
pia mater
- delicate membrane that lies on thesurface of thebrain and spinal cord
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epidural space
the spaceexternal to the sac of spinal dura
mater within the vertebral canal.
subarachnoid space
the spacebetween the arachnoid materand the pia mater
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A sulcus (Latin: "furrow", pl.sulci) is adepression or fissure in the surface of the
brain. It surrounds thegyri, creating thecharacteristic appearance of thebraininhumans and other largemammals.
Large furrows (sulci) that divide thebrain
into lobes are often called fissures.Thelarge furrow that divides the twohemispherestheinterhemisphericfissureis very rarely called a "sulcus".
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A gyrus (pl.gyri) is a ridge on the
cerebral cortex. It is generally
surrounded by one or moresulci (sl.sulcus).
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The longitudinal sinus, within a human
cranium, is an area above and behind
thebrain, allows blood veins to span the area, from
the top of thehead towards theback.
thecerebrospinal fluid drains through thearachnoid granulations into thedural
venous sinuses of the superior sagittalsinus.
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It is triangular in section,narrow in front,
and increases in size as it passesbackward.
Its inner surface presents the openings of
thesuperior cerebral veins small openings communicate with
irregularly shaped venous spaces
(venous lacun) in the dura maternear
the sinus.
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Consist of three oneither side of thesinus:
- a small frontal- a large parietal
- an occipital
Most of the cerebral veins from the outersurface of thehemisphere open intothese lacun, and numerous arachnoidgranulations (Pacchionian bodies)project into them from below.
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Located at the left and right lateral sinuses,within a humanhead, are two areasbeneath thebrain, which allow blood veinsto span the area, from theback of the
head towards thenose. Each transverse sinus passes lateralward
and forward Lies, in this part of its course, in the attached
margin of thetentorium cerebelli It then leaves the tentorium and curves
downward and medialward to reach thejugular foramen, where it ends in theinternal jugular vein.
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The transverse sinuses arefrequently of unequal size
One formed by thesuperiorsagittal sinus being the larger;they increase in size as they
proceed, from back to center.
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meninges spinal cerebral
Dura mater The uppemost cervical
vertebrae. not attached to the
vertebrae,being separatedby theepidural space.
Outermost layers covering
thebrain. provides support and
protection for thebrain.
Arachnoid
mater
invests the spinal cord
loosely. The subarachnoid space,
which contains cerebrospinalfluid, is a wide interval
between the arachnoid andpia.
intermediate layers.
A thin membrane which ispressed against the inner
surface of the dura materby cerebrospinal fluid
pressure.
Pia mater deepest membrane that lies
on the surface of thebrain. deepest and delicate
membrane that lies on thesurface of thebrain.
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Seizure
Failure to develop at a normal rate
Jitteriness
Feeding and respiratory problem
Unresponsiveness
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Damage thenerve cells in the motor
control center of thebrain.
When theneurons in this region die,proper signals canno longerbe sent to
the muscles under their control.
Canbe traced to injury of the cerebrumor under-development of the cerebrum.
Result in poor muscles control.
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Children that areborn prematurely can
also develop serious respiratory distressdue to immature and poorly developed
lungs. This can lead to periods of decreased
oxygen delivered to thebrain that might
result in cerebral palsy
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