presentation 10092015

IUSD | Master Thesis Defence | Dina Mahdy September 2015

Dynamics of Development in Rural Egypt to new Desert Communities: The Case of the

Basaisa


Keywords:

Community development: The process for improving the quality of life of communities, which according to social science Several types of communities have been identified: community as a place, community as relationships, and community as collective political power (Suttles 1972) 1.

Rural village/community: a form of social group, organized according to historically determined norms, of families tied to the land. These basic groups have collective or individual rights and ownership which vary according to their social structure. They are tied by collective rulesand traditions that are so complex and has historical roots (Lefevre 1970)2 .

1 Suttles, G. D. (1972). The social construction of community. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress.2 Lefevre, H. (1970). Du rural a l'urbain. . The University of Minnestoat


ContextSharkeya Governorate


1861


Some years Later

25 25 25 25 25


1972

62 320 5Fed


VillageProblems


Rural EgyptBackground and problems

Employment in | Rural Lands | Rural population | Value added | crop land Agriculture to GDP

• Agriculture vs Industry:

• Internal Migration Rates vs Unemployment:

rural

urban

1

2

27%3.6%

57%1

2

29%1

2

22%

Source: Statistics according to the world bank 2013

Source: Beshal, Adel A. Development in the age of liberalization Egypt and Mexico. Edited by Dan Tscirgi. cairo Egypt: AUCpress, 1996.

70's 70's80's 80's90's 90's2000's 2000's

X

X X

X

IndustryGrowth

AgricultureGrowth

InternalMigration Unemployment

X

X

X X

2000's 2000's70's 70's80's 80's90's 90's

X

X

XX

XX X X


• DesertDevelopment

Implementation of new cities

10th of Ramadan 1976 Toushka

Development corridorNew Farafra

Suggested National project

• RuralDevelopment

Rural EgyptSolution and initiatives


Prof. Salah Arafa

Rural Development | Basaisa ProjectAims and Objectives

• Founding an agricultural based productive community, self sufficient in terms of the use local resources.

• Making use of new and appropriate technologies and renewable energy while insuring the protection of the environment and preserving the values and cultural traditions of the society.

• Encouraging youth emigration to the desert, creating job opportunities awayfrom the densely populated narrow valley.

• Productive human settlement that is working on reclamation and cultivation ofthe desert lands.

• Desert housing construction adopting renewable energy technologies andapply the concepts of economical building techniques following vernacular,environmentally friendly architecture (apply zero energy housing concepts).

• Building up a living model for organized internal migration and desert reclamation (redistribution of population).


Rural Development | Basaisa ProjectMethodology

• Providing an adequate level of awareness, education, and training in technologically and economically viable development strategies for desert communities, with special reference to renewable energies and irrigation techniques, as well as to habitats and environmental protection technologies.

• Intensive training courses oriented to practical hands-on workshops to train local cadres who are interested in new technologies and renewable energies.

• Open dialogues with beneficiaries, education, participatory planning, cooperation in production, good governance and building up local financing systems.

• Structured program and modules, providing the participants with basic knowledge and information on the different fields of interest to desert community development.


Rural DevelopmentActivities 1974-1982

Al Madyafa

Tailoring Workshop for ladiesAwareness and education sessions

PV cells

ClinicCarpentry and metal workshop


Rural DevelopmentFounding the CDAVillage condition

Biogas Loans Carpentry and metal workshop

Kindergarten

Classes


Rural Development >>>> Desert Development1991

Sharing ideas with the leader

IncomeLandDreams

Solutions

FreedomNew LifeIndependence

New Desert Community


ContextSouth Sinai



Sinai Bedouin Ahmad Ibrahim

Money

Power GreenKnowledge

Sinai Bedouin

LandSecurity

CultivationRenewable Energy

Income gen.

Production



Land Cultivation

Production

Technology and energy

Land registration & sales

Announcement

Desert land for sale



Migration of 28 young graduates

Communal House



Investors

Funding organization


Desert Development1992 - 1994

Investors

Cultivation

Investment

Community

The new settlement


Desert DevelopmentThe new Basaisa 2000

CDA

Communal house

Environmentally friendly houses

Agricultural land divided from 5-10 Feddans


Desert DevelopmentThe new Basaisa Now

Land Cultivation either by owners

or workers

Village Mosque

Communal House

CDA & training centre


• Understand the development dynamics of constructing a new desert community coming from rural grass-roots.

• Identify the incentives of moving (planned internal migration) from the Nile valley to desert.• Survey all the aspects which acted as the driving forces behind planned migration to a twin village and

documenting them in the sense of connecting all the threads together from the old ,the new village and the development plan and methodology.

• Aiming to developing a set of guidelines and recommendations to contribute in the development process of initiating new satellite desert communities, specifically experiments based on the twinning concept of planned migration of the same community.

Theobjectivestoachievetheaim

• Study the Basaisa from the field of urban planning in the sense of carrying out a survey to identify the spatial distribution of activities,resources in relation to the infrastructure, urbanized zone, agricultural lands and context.

• Understand the development process taken over in the Old Basaisa village that lead to the turning point of extension.

• Investigate the Methodology of the team and its application in both destinations.• Understand the mobilization of the new community in relation to their origin, their new life, their dreams

and what is actually on ground.• Assess the success of both development strategies and the development level based on the aims and objects

achieved, leading to a complete documentation of the whole experiment highlighting the scenarios and what affected to either success or failure in reference to the project objectives.

Research Aims


• What was the development project aims, goals and methodology in 1974 (start of the project in the old village)? How did the team approach and influence the community? What was the village status Quo at that time in comparison to today?

• The methodology that resulted in mobilizing the whole community within different categories, interests and age groups creating a new community in a desert.

• What were the driving forces that attracted the people to initiate a new community in the desert?

• How was the new Basaisa village born? The dream that combines different interest groups together to share one idea?

• What is the connection between the old and the new Basaisa villages now?

• When creating a new satellite community that is a twin to an existing (rural) community what are the main aspects that control the dynamics and mobilization of the members that has to be taken into consideration?

Research Questions >> Methodology


• The research is an exploratory research as it wants to gain more on site investigation based on analysing the dynamics of development and the process of mobilizing the community to develop a new desert village. Due to the research limitations the study will be based on qualitative primary resources.

Research Methodology


ResultsAssessment of the Old Basaisa Village

Socio-Cultural

EconomicalEnvironm

ental

Education

RaiseAwareness

ReduceImpact

Renewable Energy

Optimal use of Natural ResourcesImprove

Physical Condition

Promoting Local

products

Income generatingActivities

SavingResources

Optimal use of human Resources

SocialCohesion

Preserve cultural Habits

EnhanceCreativity

Improve life

Quality

Illiteracy

Youth rehabilitation

HR skills

Knowledge transfer

Sustainability

Influencing context

Summer camps

Social responsibility

Singularity

Availability of materials

Collective intelligence

Good governance

Basaisa Day

Promoting Crafts

Endogenous techniques

Women Role

Health awareness

Nature preservation

Sharing knowledge

Online platforms

Seminars and Discussions

Waste management

Recycling

Autonomy

Rooftop Gardening

Solidarity(saving assets)

Grey water systems

Agricultural waste reuse

Use of Traditional technologies

Building an Entry Bridge

Garbage Bins

Enhancing the Infrastructure

Biogas units

Solar panels

Solar water heaters

Control Infectious disease

Participation

Broadening perception

Safety

Community Sharing

Renewable Energy

Passive systems

Self sufficient

Women Activities

Men Workshops

Productive families

Collective savings/investment

Community Sharing

Renewable Energy

Passive systems

Human as tool for development

Local production

Skilled labour

Basaisa day

. .

.

.

.

.

....

. ... .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.



improve life quality 0.80.95

0.80.85 15

3.4 85

Education 0.90.80.6 23.333332.3 76.66667

Enhance creativity 0.750.7

0.850.9 203.2 80

Social Cohesion 0.850.90.20.70.7 33

3.35 67

Preserve culltural habits 0.60.3

0.75 451.65 55

Awareness raising 0.850.75

0.70.7

0.650.85 25

4.5 75

Reduce Impact 0.50.3

0.850.60.7 41

2.95 59

Socio-Cultural

Economical Environmental

Education

RaiseAwareness

ImprovePhysical

Condition

Income generatingActivities

Optimal use of human Resources


EnhanceCreativity

Improve life

Quality

Knowledge transfer

Sustainability

Influencing context

Summer camps

Social responsibility

.

.

.

.

. Basaisa Day

Promoting Crafts

Endogenous techniques ...

Biogas units

Solar panels

Solar water heaters

.

.

.

Grey water systems

Agricultural waste reuse

Use of Traditional technologies

.

.

.

Building an Entry Bridge

Garbage Bins

Enhancing the Infrastructure

.

.

.

Women Role

Health awareness

Nature preservation

Sharing knowledge

Online platforms

Seminars and Discussions

.

.

.

.

.

.Waste management

Recycling

Autonomy

Rooftop Gardening


.

.

.

.

.

Control Infectious disease

Participation

Broadening perception

Safety

.

.

.

.

Illiteracy

Youth rehabilitation

HR skills...

Singularity

Availability of materials

Collective intelligence

Good governance

.

.

.

.

Community Sharing

Renewable Energy

Passive systems

Self sufficient

.

.

.

.

Community Sharing

Renewable Energy

Passive systems

Human as tool for development

.

.

.

.Local production

Skilled labour

Basaisa day

.

.

.

ReduceImpact

Renewable Energy

59%

48%

61%

81%80%

67%

73%63%

76%

86%

59%

85%76%

80%

67%

55% 75%

Optimal use of Natural Resources

Promoting Local

Products

SavingResources

SocialCohesion

Women Activities

Men Workshops

Productive families

Collective savings/investment

.

.

.

.

Economical Environmental

Socio-Cultural



TheDevelopmentprocess succeededtoachieve:• Awareness raising.• Widening the villagers perception• High levels of education.• Improving the life through increasing the income and enhancing the

surrounding context.• Create plenty of income generating activities.• Empowering skills and creativity.

TheDevelopmentprocess Failedtosolve:

• Density per family inside the dwelling• Land ownership in the sense of the variabilities of area.• Limitation of resources.• Overcrowding village with limited opportunity for urban extension.• Cultural habits!!


Socio-Cultural

EconomicalEnvironmental

Education

RaiseAwareness

Preserve Environment

ReduceImpact

PhysicalContext

Use of Natural

resourcesEco-village

EnvironmentalArchitecture

IncomeGeneratingActivities Promoting

Local products

Mobility

JobOpportunities

Desert land Cultivation

Autonomy

SocialCohesion


EnhanceCreativity

Improve life

Quality

Accessto

Services

PlannedMigration

ProductiveCommunity

Construction of new community

Offered land for youth

Training courses

Recreational spaces

NGO outlet

Near by services

Agriculture as the source of income

Promotion of local activities

Link to the Centre

Communal production

Depending on renewable energy

Plantation and cultivation

Shared equipment

Promoting lands at affordable prices

Growing own crops

Self food production

Depending on natural resources

Growing own crops



Basaisa day

Promoting the products in the cityTransportation and linkage

Access to the city

Building with local material

Natural lighting and ventilation

Adopting traditional elements

Preserve the environment

Self Sufficient

Operated by Renewable energy

Using Renewable energy

Reducing the buildings impact

Cultivating desert lands

Waste Management

Reducing energy consumption

Eco-Buildings

Autonomy


Planned Layout

Wide streets

Vegetation

Role of the women

Nature preservation

Sharing knowledge

Seminar and guidance

Low tech- Renewable energy

Including traditional elements

Building a Madyafa

Communal Activities

Good governance

Individuality

Availability of services

Planned neighbourhood

Innovative thinking

Individual houses

Safety & protection Workshops

Training classes

Common tools & equipment

Communal house

Creating a residential cluster

Women sewing workshops

Training centres

Promoting local products

Cultivation and equipment

Socio-Economical

Eco-economical

ResultsAssessment of the New Basaisa Village


Education

RaiseAwareness

Preserve Environment

ReduceImpact

PhysicalContext

Eco-village

EnvironmentalArchitecture

JobOpportunities

Autonomy

Recreation


Construction of new community

Offered land for youth

Training courses

Recreational spaces

NGO outlet

Near by services

Agriculture as the source of income

Promotion of local activities

Link to the Centre

Communal production

Depending on renewable energy

Plantation and cultivation

Shared equipment

Promoting lands at affordable prices

Growing own crops



Agricultural land cultivation

Sidr centre

Community centre

Basaisa day

Promoting the products in the city Transportation and linkage

Access to the city

Building with local material

Natural lighting and ventilation

Adopting traditional elements

Preserve the environment

Self Sufficient

Operated by Renewable energy

Using Renewable energy

Reducing the buildings impact

Cultivating desert lands

Waste Management

Reducing energy consumption

Building impacts

Eco-Buildings

Autonomy


Planned Layout

Wide streets

Vegetation

Role of the women

Nature preservation

Sharing knowledge

Seminar and guidance

Low tech- Renewable energy

Including traditional elements

Building a Madyafa

Communal Activities

Good governance

Individuality

Availability of services

Planned neighbourhood

Innovative thinking

Individual houses

Safety & protection Workshops

Training classes

Common tools & equipment

Communal house

Creating a residential cluster

Recreational Spaces

Offered activites

Women sewing workshops

Training centres

Promoting local products

Cultivation and equipment

Improve life

Quality

80%

30%

86%78%

75%

73%

30% 85%

81%

60%

EnhanceCreativity

SocialCohesion

Use of Natural

resources

85%76%

83%

70%

65%67%78%83%

80%

76%

33%

85%

Mobility Promoting

Local products

IncomeGeneratingActivities

Desert land Cultivation

ProductiveCommunity

Accessto

Services

planned Migration

75% 76%

78%

59%

Economical Eco-Economical

Environmental

Socio-EconomicalSocio-Cultural

64%




TheNewcommunity succeededtoachieve:• Appealing life quality.• Income resources based on Agricultural production.• New enclosed settlement• Planned housing settlement restricted to agreed criteria.• Individuality and privacy.• Decrease density of inhabitants per dwelling

TheDevelopmentprocess Failedtosolve:

• Continue using the renewable energy means• Achieve good levels of social solidarity• Provide services for the inhabitants to attract more villagers• Market and promote for products and crafts.• Achieve over all sustainability of human resources.


RecommendationsOn the Micro Scale

• Work on empowering the human resources as the key for sustainable development. Involving all the society categories in the process to create solidarity and knowledge transfer.

• Stress on the women role in community production and education which acts as an income resource from one hand and increase the awareness through the family members.

• Working on environmental awareness either by introducing renewable energies as a solution for energy supplies, or using the context environmental resources such as soil, materials and natural assets.

• Understanding the needs of the people, their daily life pattern and their skills and take those into consideration during the planning phase of a new community. Besides involving the people in a participatory planning phase for setting the objectives and communal aims.

• Minimize the number of stake holders and beneficiary groups in the sense of not involving too many different agendas on the same project level to overcome complex under-crossing aims.


RecommendationsOn the Macro Scale

• Making benefit of Existing Assets.

• Twin villages in the desert

• Relocation of population


Thank you for Listening

presentation 10092015

Documents

Transcript of presentation 10092015