PREFIXESENGLISH V

3RD. TEAMYATZIRI RIOS PEREZ. DANIELA CRUZ ROMERO. FERNANDO MASTACHE

AGUIRRE. MARCO ANTONIO GAYTAN. DULCE LORENZO SERRANO.

WHAT ARE THESE?PREFIXES ARE LETTERS WHICH WE ADD TO THE BEGINNING OF A WORD TO MAKE A NEW WORD WITH A DIFFERENT MEANING. PREFIXES CAN, FOR EXAMPLE, CREATE A NEW WORD OPPOSITE

IN MEANING TO THE WORD THE PREFIX IS ATTACHED TO. THEY CAN ALSO MAKE A WORD NEGATIVE OR EXPRESS RELATIONS OF TIME, PLACE OR MANNER. HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES:

THERE ARE FOUR COMMON PREFIXES PREFIXE SPANISH EXAMPLE

DIS- NO DISINTEGRATE

IL-, IM-, IN-, IR NO, SIN IMPOTENT, IRREGULAR

RE- OTRA VEZ REUSE

UN- NO UNHELPFUL

TYPES.• PREFIXE “EX”: IT REFERS TO SOMETHING OLD, ABOVE. USUALLY IT IS

FOLLOWED BY A HYPHEN.• WIFE / EX-WIFE

• BOYFRIEND / EX-BOYFRIEND• PREFIXE “CO”: DENOTES COMPANY, COAUTHORED.

• STARRING/CO-STARRING• PRODUCER/CO-PRODUCER

• PREFIXE “IN”: IT MEANS DENIAL. WIDELY USED FOR ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS (NOUNS) ENDING IN TY (DAD):

• -ADEQUATE/INADEQUATE• -DIRECT/INDIRECT

• PREFIIXE “B I O”: IT IMPLIES RELATION TO BIOLOGY• -CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY

• -WEPONS/BIOWEPONS

• PREFIXE “MIS”: DO SOMETHING WRONG.• -REPRESENT/MISREPRESENT

• -PRINT/MISPRINT

• PREFIXE “SUB”: IT MEANS BELOW, LOW. IT HAS THE SAME MEANING AS THE UNDER PREFIX:

• -MARINE/SUBMARINE • -WAY/SUBWAY

• PREFIXE “RE”: MEANS AGAIN, RETURN OR REPETITION OF AN ACTION. RE PRESENTS ACCOMPANYING VERBS.

• -DIRECT/REDIRECT • -COME/RECOME

• PREFIXE “UN”: TYPE CAUSE DENIAL CONTRARY TO THAT INDICATED BY THE ROOT OF THE WORD. IT MEANS IN, ANTI SHORTLY. IT APPLIES TO ADJECTIVES, NOUNS AND VERBS.

• -EQUAL/UNEQUAL• -HAPPY/UNHAPPY

• -FAITHFUL/UNFAITHFUL

• PREFIXE “PRE”: PRECEDES NOUNS AND MEANS BEFORE• MARITAL/PREMARIAL

• -HISTORIC/PREHISTORIC

• PREFIXE “IM”: DENIAL THAT MEANS THE OPPOSITE, WITHOUT, IN:• -POSSIBLE/IMPOSSIBLE • -MATERIAL/IMMATERIAL

OTHER PREFIXES

PREFIXE “SEMI”CIRCLE/SEMICIRCLE= CÍRCULO/SEMÍCIRCULO

-FINAL/SEMIFINAL = FINAL/SEMIFINAL

PREFIXE “UNDER”IT MEANS SWEAT LESS UNDER

-PRODUCTION/UNDERPRODUCTION =

PRODUCCIÓN/SUBPRODUCCIÓN

-DEVELOPED/UNDERDEVELOPED =

DESARROLLADO/SUBDESARROLLADO

PREFIXE “IL”• LEGAL/ILLEGAL = LEGAL/ILEGAL• LEGITIMATE/ILLEGITIMATE =

LEGÍTIMO/ILEGÍTIMO

EXAMPLES WITH SENTENCES.

• PRE- = BEFORE• PREPAID – “I BOUGHT A PREPAID PHONE CARD WITH $20 WORTH OF CREDIT.”• PREDICT – “I PREDICT THAT BRAZIL WILL WIN THE NEXT WORLD CUP.”• PREVENT – “SEAT BELTS CAN PREVENT SERIOUS INJURIES IF YOU GET INTO A CAR ACCIDENT.”

• POST- = AFTER• POSTGRADUATE – “THERE ARE 200 STUDENTS IN THE POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM IN MARKETING.”• POSTWAR – “THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY STRUGGLED DURING THE POSTWAR PERIOD.”

MULTI- = MANY• MULTICULTURAL – “OUR GROUP OF FRIENDS IS QUITE

MULTICULTURAL – WE KNOW PEOPLE FROM FIVE CONTINENTS.”• MULTIMILLIONAIRE – “HE STARTED A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS AND

BECAME A MULTIMILLIONAIRE.”

MONO- = ONE• MONOPOLIZE – (ONLY ONE PERSON OR ENTITY HAVING CONTROL

OF SOMETHING): “THAT COMPANY IS TRYING TO MONOPOLIZE THE MARKET BY SIGNING EXCLUSIVITY CONTRACTS WITH DISTRIBUTORS.”

• MONOLOGUE – (ONLY ONE PERSON TALKING): “MY FRIEND LAUNCHED INTO A 15-MINUTE MONOLOGUE ABOUT WHAT SHE THINKS OF THE NEW PRESIDENT.”

SUPER- = EXTRA, EXTREME, OVER, ABOVE• SUPERMODEL – (A REALLY FAMOUS, HIGHLY-PAID MODEL): “GISELE BÜNDCHEN IS

A BRAZILIAN SUPERMODEL.”• SUPERCOMPUTER – (AN EXTREMELY POWERFUL COMPUTER): “NASA’S

SUPERCOMPUTERS CONTROL THE ROCKET LAUNCH.”

• IMPOSSIBLE• IMPLAUSIBLE• IMPERFECTBUT THERE ARE CERTAIN P WORDS WHOSE OPPOSITE IS PREFIXED WITH UN, SUCH AS:

• UNPOLLUTED• UNPOLISHED• UNPLUGGED

THE PREFIX UN IS COMMONLY USED TO NEGATE A WORD, BUT IS QUITE RARE WITH WORDS THAT START WITH THE LETTER P;

THE PREFIX IM SEEMS MORE COMMON. FOR EXAMPLE: