Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage

7/24/2019 Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage

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2012 Cambridge Business & Economics Conference ISBN : 9780974211428

ENHANCING AVIATION SERVICES FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN

SRI LANKA

Pradeep Randiwela1

[email protected]

Faculty of Management and Finance

University of olom!o

"ri #anka

$indana %[email protected]

&irport and &viation "ervices '"ri #anka( #td

)andaranaike *nternational &irport

olom!o + "ri #anka

1Pradeep Randiwela is a "enior #ecturer, in Marketing, former -ean Faculty of Managementand Finance, University of olom!o. /inner of the )est Professor of Marketing M0 &sia,)est )e "chool&ward 212.

1 3 P a g eJune 2728! 2012Cambridge! "#
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Abstract

$%e or'd $ourism indus(r) %as emerged as one of (%e fas(es( groing sing'e indus(ries in (%e

or'd* +( ,resen(! g'oba' (ourism indus(r) re,resen(s around 11- of (%e or'd.s /! around 8-

of g'oba' em,'o)men( and around 9- of (%e g'oba' ages* I( is a'so (%e 'arges( sing'e

em,'o)men( genera(or of (%e or'd econom) (oda)* $%ere is a s(raig%( and significan(

re'a(ions%i, of $ourism i(% (%e +ia(ion Serices in (%e business arena*

3i(% (%e ne Sri an5an enironmen(! af(er ending (o decades o'd cii' unres(6ar!

o,,or(uni(ies are o,ened (o ca,i(a'ie on (ourism as Sri an5an des(ina(ion is uniue and sa'ien(*

+ia(ion serices ,'a) a i(a' ro'e among o(%er serices in (%e (ourism indus(r) (%roug%ou( (%e

or'd* ence! (%e main obec(ie of (%is s(ud) is (o find ou( c%a''enges confron(ed i(% reuired

+ia(ionSerice 'ee' (o 'eerage $ourism Indus(r) in Sri an5a* In (%is s(ud)! eig%( ;08< maor

de(erminan(s %ae been iden(ified %ic% are unified i(% +ia(ion Serices and (%e $ourism

indus(r) direc(')* $%ese fac(ors %ae been cons(i(u(ed in(o (%e conce,(ua' frameor5! and (%ose

fac(ors are ana')ed under (%e (%ree maor diisions suc% as: a< Socio'ogica' - Enironmen(a'

Im,ac(s6uman =esources >anagemen(6+((i(udes! b< ?inancia' - $ec%no'og)6 $raining &

ee'o,men(s6 E@,er(s! and! c< Economica'- o'icies6 Budge(ar) =esources*

Sure) da(a ga(%ered using a ues(ionnaire su,,'emen(ed i(% inde,(% in(eries as a dominan(

researc% s(ra(eg)* $%e maor de(erminan( %as been ana')ed em,'o)ing >u'(iCri(eria +na')sis

;>C+< and (%is as su,,'emen(ed i(% descri,(ie s(a(is(ics (o iden(if) (%e re'iabi'i() of (%em in

accordance i(% (%e 'imi(a(ions of (%e se'ec(ed sam,'e* B) com,aring (%e be''s%a,ed Norma'

dis(ribu(ion i(% (%e #ur(osis dis(ribu(ion gra,% of co''ec(ed da(a! i( as found (%a( (%e re'iabi'i()

of Socio'ogica' drabac5s are i(% grea(es( significance (%an o(%er (o diisions ca''ed

?inancia' and Economica'* ence! for (%e dee'o,men( of +ia(ion serices in Sri an5an

con(e@( socio'ogica' re'a(ed c%a''enges s%ou'd be em,%asied and addressed i(% ,riori()*

#e) ords: +ia(ion6+ir'ine Serices! $ourism ee'o,men(s! C%a''enges! uman resources!>anagemen( a((i(ude*

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Introducton

$%e or'd $ourism indus(r) %as emerged as one of (%e fas(es( groing sing'e indus(ries in (%e

or'd* +( ,resen(! g'oba' (ourism indus(r) re,resen(s around 11- of (%e or'd.s /! around 8-

of g'oba' em,'o)men( and around 9- of (%e g'oba' ages* I( is a'so (%e 'arges( sing'e

em,'o)men( genera(or of (%e or'd econom) (oda)* $%ere is a s(raig%( and significan(

re'a(ions%i, of $ourism i(% (%e +ia(ion Serices in (%e business arena*

3i(% (%e ne Sri an5an enironmen(! af(er ending (o decades o'd cii' unres(6ar!

o,,or(uni(ies are o,ened (o ca,i(a'ie on (ourism as Sri an5an des(ina(ion is uniue and sa'ien(*

+ia(ion serices ,'a) a i(a' ro'e among o(%er serices in (%e (ourism indus(r) (%roug%ou( (%e

or'd* ence! (%e main obec(ie of (%is s(ud) is (o find ou( c%a''enges confron(ed i(% reuired

+ia(ionSerice 'ee' (o 'eerage $ourism Indus(r) in Sri an5a*

Ob!"ct#"s o$ t%" Stud&

$%e obec(ies of (%is s(ud) are (o fo'ds:

(o find ou( (%e drabac5s (%a( affec( +ia(ion Serices in order (o en%ance $ourism Indus(r) in Sri

an5a*

(o iden(if) (%e cri(ica' success fac(ors of +ia(ion Serices for $ourism Indus(r) in Sri an5a*

D"s'n o$ t%" Stud&

I( as dee'o,ed a conce,(ua' frameor5 (%a( ref'ec(s (%e broad s(ud) ,arame(ers and e'abora(ed

(%e sco,e of eac% ,arame(er* Based on (%e conce,(ua' frameor5! and (%en dee'o,ed an o,en

ended ues(ionnaire main') for eac% ca(egor) of res,onden(s* B) co''ec(ing (%e ,rimar) and (%e

secondar) da(a (o be s)nc%ronied i(% (%e conce,(ua' frameor5 of (%e s(ud)! (%e ana')ed (o

be im,'emen(ed b) se'ec(ing a ,ro,er me(%ods according (o (%e scenarioIn (%is s(ud)! eig%( ;08anagemen(6+((i(udes! b< ?inancia' -

$ec%no'og)6 $raining & ee'o,men(s6 E@,er(s! c< Economica' - o'icies6 Budge(ar)

=esources*



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F'ur" () Conc"*tua+ Fra,"or.

M"t%odo+o'&

$%e s(ud) as ,rimari') an in(erieing researc% ini(ia(ie! inc'uding 'i(era(ure and 'egis'a(ie

reie and e@amina(ion of In(erne( =esources* In (%e researc% (ears main') used ua'i(a(ie

ues(ionnaires (o co''ec( informa(ion direc(')A some in(eries ere conduc(ed in ,erson %i'e

o(%ers ere com,'e(ed b) (e'e,%one* $%e researc% s(e,s inc'uded:

Development of Conceptual Framework & Questionnaires: (%e researc% (ears dee'o,ed a

conce,(ua' frameor5 (%a( ref'ec(ed (%e broad s(ud) ,arame(ers and e'abora(ed (%e sco,e of

eac% ,arame(er* Based on (%e Conce,(ua' frame or5! (%e (ears (%en dee'o,ed o,enended

ues(ionnaires for eac% ca(egor) of res,onden(s*


A#aton S"r#c"s

D"#"+o*,"nts

Technology

Training &

Developme

nts

HRMAttitudes

Experts

Environmenta

l

Impacts

Budgetary

Resources

Policies


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Identification of key informants: (%e s(ud) s(a5e%o'ders %ae been iden(ified and cau(eried

(%em! and iden(ified ,o(en(ia' res,onden(s b) s(a5e%o'der ca(egor) in eac% diision:

Socio'ogica'! ?inancia'! and Economica'*

Data Collection: #e) informan( in(eries ere conduc(ed in eac% diision of se'ec(ed

+ia(ion Serices ,roiders on se'ec(ed e'emen(s of (%e s(ud)* $%e researc% ,ersonne'

co''ec(ed da(a using (%e ues(ionnaires* Sam,'e as 20 em,'o)ees ;no( be'o (%e Junior

E@ecu(ie 'ee's< of +ia(ion6$ourism re'a(ed en(i(ies* $%e researc% ,ersonne' co''ec(ed and

reieed 'egis'a(ie documen(s and im,'emen(a(ion re,or(s* $%e researc% ,ersonne' a'so

searc%ed (%e In(erne( and reieed and ana')ed a'' informa(ion i(*

Data Analysis:$%e researc% ,ersonne' ana')ed (%e informa(ion i( co''ec(ed from (%e aboe

'is(ed sourcesA in (%ree diisions and (o be iden(ified (%e mos( cri(ica' fac(or for (%e

dee'o,men( of aia(ion indus(r) in Sri an5an con(e@(*

Multi-Criteria Analysis(MCA: (%is me(%od %as been used (o ,roide an unders(anding of (%e

drabac5s %ic% are under(a5en %en im,'emen(ing (%e dee'o,men(s or en%ancing (%e

+ia(ion indus(r) in Sri an5a* $%e >C+ incor,ora(es socio'ogica'! financia'! economic

ana')sis*

!corin" Criteria:$%e >C+ is based on feedbac5 receied from (%e designed ues(ionnaire

from (%e se'ec(ed sam,'e* + ua'i(a(ie score is assigned! de,ending on (%e im,ac( of aia(ion

dee'o,men(s on eac% cri(erion measured re'a(ie (o (%e base case*

In (%e ues(ionnaire! a #ne"ative$ score mig%( be assigned if (%e im,ac( is

nega(ie6undesirab'e6,oor com,ared (o (%e base caseA a score of !re,resen(s no im,ac(! and a

"positive#score re,resen(s a ,osi(ie6desirab'e6good im,ac(* ?or (%e ,ur,ose of (%is ana')sis! a

scoring s)s(em of 4 (o 4 %as been used (o measure (%e im,ac( of aia(ion dee'o,men(s*



6/17


Tab+" () Scorn' Sca+" $or Ass"ss,"nt o$ O*tons

Scor" E/*+anaton

01 Der) muc% be((er

02 >uc% be((er

03 >odera(e') be((er

0( + 'i(('e be((er

4 No c%ange

-( + 'i(('e orse

-3 >odera(e') orse

-2 >uc% orse

-1 Der) muc% orse

LITERATURE REVIE5

$%e reie of e@is(ing em,irica' s(udies is diided in (o four ca(agories*$%e firs( se( re'a(ed (o (%e

re'a(ions%i, be(een (ourism and economic gro(%* Ne@(A em,irica' s(udies on (%e im,ac( of

(ourism reform on (%e e@,or( of (ourism are ou('ined fea(uring (%e (ourism e@,or(s ne@us* $%e

(%ird se( of em,irica' s(udies focus on (%e aia(iongro(% re'a(ions%i,* ?ina'')! some ,reious

ana')sis re'a(ed (o aia(ion reforms are no(ed %ig%'ig%(ing (%e im,ac( of air'ine ,ria(ia(ion and

'ibera'ia(ion*

>an) em,irica' eidences on (%e re'a(ions%i, be(een Tourism and Economic $ro%th %ae

emerged in (%e recen( ,eriod* ?orA ins(ance %! ;200F< 'oo5s in (o (%e casua' re'a(ions%i, be(een

(ourism gro(% and economic e@,ansion in #orea using Eag'e and /ranger (os(age a,,roac%

and a beerage Dec(or +u(o =egressie ;D+=< mode'*

C%in(aram! urbarr) & Baum! ;2004auri(ius* 0ngan 7 -emiro8, '2005(, ines(iga(e (%e im,ac( of

in(erna(iona' (ourism recei,(s on (%e 'ong run economic gro(% for (ur5e)*

$%e (%ird se( of em,irica' ana')sis focus on International Air %ransport !ervicesand economic

gro(%* +mong (%e fe s(udies in (%is area! ;Bu((on & $a)'or 2000

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benefi(s 'arge') in (erms of em,'o)men( genera(ion (%a( communi(ies in +merica ob(ain from

%aing direc( access (o in(erna(iona' air serices*

In ano(%er ines(iga(ion! ;Bu((on & a''! 1999

air,or(s (%a( 'in5 (%e in(erna(iona' ga(ea)s in "S*

$%e fina' se( of em,irica' s(udies re'a(es (o (%e Aviation reorms'developments* >icco &

Serebris5)! ;2004< assess (%e effec( of c%ange in (%e com,e(i(ion regime ;im,'emen(a(ion of a

series of o,en s5ies agreemen(


8/17


$%e cons(ruc(ion of an In(erna(iona' +ir,or( a( 3eerai'a %as raised enironmen(a' conf'ic(s* $%e

conf'ic( be(een (%e ,resera(ion of (%eenironmen( and economic dee'o,men( im,era(ies %as

been a( (%e core of dee'o,men( deba(es in (%e 'as( fe decades* oeer (%e ,roec( %as been

ceased and moe (o ano(%er ,'ace ca''ed >a((a'a in amban(o(a dis(ric(*

ue (o +((idi)a Birds Sanc(uar)! i( is difficu'( (o e@,and (%e =a(ma'ana air,or( runa) for

'anding (%e modern %ig% ca,aci() aircraf(*

Fndn's r"+at"d to 7ud'"t)

$o im,roe >i'i(ar) airbases in (o omes(ic air,or(s! (%e mi'i(ar) bases adoining (o (%e air,or(

(o be s%if(ed aa) from (%e ,erime(er i( cos(s mi''ions*

MilitaryAirases:Ampara'Anuradapura')atticaloa'*ankasanturei'*atukurunda'*o""ala'Minn

eriya'!i"iriya'Cina ay

$o e@,and (%e Co'ombo Ci() +ir,or( a( =a(ma'ana as a omes(ic +ir,or(! addi(iona' 'and

acuiring is er) difficu'( due (o (%e %ig%') conges(ed genera' ,ub'ic in urbanied area as e''

(%e com,ensa(ion %ae (o be im,'emen(ed for eac% and eer) fami'ies* I( cos(s mi''ions*

$o u,grade (%e =una) of Bandaranai5e In(erna(iona' +ir,or( is u(mos( need* I( %as been used

near') (en() ;20< )ears i(%ou( an) maor re,airs* ence (%e =una) ,a(% gradua'') increasedu, (o (%e maor 'ee' of re,air due (o %aing on') one In(erna(iona' =una) in Sri an5a*

Fndn' r"+at"d to Po+c"s)

Na(iona' ,o'icies are d)namica'') c%anging i(% effec( (o (%e goernmen( c%anging* ence (%e

s(ar(ed ,o'icies ma) ar) and cease b) (%e ne@( goernmen( ra(%er (%an con(inuing for (%e

be((ermen( of (%e coun(r)*

ar5ing C%arges6Ba) c%arges (o be u,da(ed for (%e f'ig%(s in ,ara''e' i(% o(%er coun(ries in (%e

+sian region*

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$%a'angama Signa' =eceiing S(a(ion %as been s%if(ed aa) (o (%e (em,orar) 'oca(ion due (o

es(ab'is%men( of Sri an5a +rm) %o %ae been moed aa) from (%e in fron( of Co'ombo

/a''e face %ic% ere acuired for cons(ruc(ing o(e' Com,'e@ b) /oernmen(*ence!(%ere is a

groing $ec%nica' ,rob'ems of (%e reuired signa' s(reng(%*

Fndn' r"+at"d to Atttud"s)

+s a dee'o,ing coun(r)! for im,'emen(ing dee'o,men( serices for (%e +ia(ion Indus(r) are

re'a(ed (o (%e ,o'i(ica' bac5ground a((i(udes ra(%er (%an im,'emen(ing (%e ac(ua' reuiremen(s*

$o ma(eria'ie an In(erna(iona' +ia(ion ub Conce,(! (%e In(erna(iona' 'anguage (o be u,'if(ed

in(ensie') een (o, managemen( (o bo((om 'ine members in (ourism re'a(ed fie'ds*

Fndn's r"+at"d to T"c%no+o'&)

+eronau(ica' Informa(ion S)s(em ;+IS< s%ou'd be u,da(ed as ,er In(erna(iona' Cii' +ia(ion

rgania(ion ;IC+essage and'ing S)s(em ;+>S< is in Cabine( a,,roing

s(age* Bu( i( (a5es muc% (ime* uring (%is ,eriod a'so (%e so,%is(ica(ed (ec%no'ogies come (o (%e

mar5e(* $%e res,onsie (ime ,eriod is muc% 'a(e in Sri an5an con(e@(*

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Fndn's r"+at"d to Trann' and D"#"+o*,"nt)

ac5 of fi@ed based (raining deices 'i5e ,rocedure (rainers and f'ig%( simu'a(ors ma5es i(

necessar) for (rainees (o ,roceed oerseas (o com,'e(e (%eir (raining %ic% is a drain on foreign

e@c%ange resources of (%e coun(r)*

Non aai'abi'i() of a common e'' eui,,ed aircraf( main(enance organia(ion for (%e coun(r)*

Fndn's r"+at"d to E/*"rts)

$urnoer of $rained & E@,erienced +ircraf( main(enance Cre due (o sa'ar) sca'e

com,arison i(% regards (o g'oba' mar5e(*

$urnoer of +ir $raffic Con(ro''ers due (o sa'ar) sca'e com,arison i(% regards (o g'oba'

mar5e(*

$urnoer of fire and rescue indiidua's due (o sa'ar) sca'e com,arison i(% regards (o

g'oba' mar5e(

Brain drainA af(er e@,erienced i(% In(erna(iona' +ir,or( Serices e@,er(s %ae been

migra(ing (o (%e g'oba' mar5e(*

Fndn's r"+at"d to Hu,an R"sourc"s)

=ig%( ,ersons no( in rig%( ,'aces6rig%( diisions*

+u(%ori() de'ega(ion s(i'' no( in ,ro,er manner*

=ecrui(ing ,rocedure is %ig%') being affec(ed b) e@(erna' ,ar(ies*

DATA ANAL6SIS

escri,(ie S(a(is(ics are recommended %en (%e obec(ies are (o describe and discuss a,rimar)6secondar) da(a se( more genera'') and conen(iona'') (%an ou'd be ,ossib'e ra da(a

a'one* $%e) are rou(ine') used in (%is S(ud) %ic% con(ains a significan( amoun( of ua'i(a(ie

da(a* ar(icu'ar') in (%is s(ud)A co''ec(ed da(a %ae been ana')ed (o find (%e sam,'e (ariance)

*ample *tandard Deviationand the *ample +urtosis,



11/17


Tab+" 3) Su,,ar& o$ Ana+&8"d Data $or Soco+o'ca+ Gau'"

Assessment -riteria *ample

*i.e

Min, Max, Mean Mode *ample

*tandard

Deviation

*ample

+urtosis

( Enironmen(a' considera(ions are beingconsidered in +ia(ion im,roemen(

,rogrammes*

20 4 4 0*2F 2 2*447 2*GH

3 Socia' conf'ic(s are being so'ed due (o+ia(ion im,roemen(s*

20 4 4 0*H0 H 2*492 H*07

2 +u(%ori() de'ega(ion in +ia(ion>anagemen(

20 4 4 0*HF 1 2*47F 2*88

1 =ecrui(ing ,rocedure in +ia(ion sec(or 20 4 4 1*H0 1 2*H47 2*G8

9 #no'edge of In(erna(iona' 'anguage in+ia(ion6$ourism sec(or ,ersona'i(ies

20 4 4 1*2F H 2*278 2*9

: o'i(ica' ino'emen(s (o recrui(ing,rocess

20 4 4 1*20 H 2*482 2*77

M"asur"s o$ Ds*"rsonindica(es %o s,read ou( (%e co''ec(ed da(a around (%e mean* >easuresof dis,ersion are es,ecia'') %e',fu' %en (%e da(a in accordance i(% drabac5 (o +ia(ion

dee'o,men(s for (%e (ourism sec(or in Sri an5a as be'os*$%e sam,'e sie as /in (%is s(ud)*

3or5ing E@,erience ,osi(ion as (o (%e ues(ionnaireA ess (%an 4 ears 02!F (o7 ears 0H!8

(o 10 ears 07!11 ears & +boe08



12/17


Tab+" 2) Su,,ar& o$ Ana+&8"d Data $or Fnanca+ Gau'"

Assessment -riteria *ample*i.e

Min Max Mean Mode *ample

*tandard

Deviation

*ample

+urtosis

( $%e modern $ec%no'og) is being usedand u,da(ing (%e s(aff*

20 H 4 0*FF 1 1*910 2*00

3 $%e res,onsie (ime for ne$ec%no'og)*

20 4 4 0*HF 1 2*1F9 2*07

2 +ia(ion $raining Cen(ersK diersi() inSri an5a

20 4 4 2*HF 2 2*H7G 1*81

1 rofessiona'$raining eui,men(s forem,'o)ees

20 4 H 0*20 1 1*711 1*82

9 $urnoer of ,rofessiona's 20 4 H 8*00 1 1*921 2*22

: Brain drain of (%e em,'o)ees 20 4 H 1*00 H 1*GF2 H*HG

+ccording (o (%e ana')(ica' findings using (%e escri,(ie S(a(is(ica' me(%ods! (%e sam,'e

#ur(osis a'es of eac% /auge.s %ae been ana')ed and gra,%ica'') defined (%e concen(ra(ed

a'ues. re'iabi'i() and (%e mos( cri(ica' area %ae been iden(ified for en%ancing +ia(ion serices

for $ourism dee'o,men(s in Sri an5a*

Measures o +urtosis0describe %o concen(ra(ed da(a are around a sing'e a'ue! usua'') (%e

mean* $%us! #ur(osis assesses %o ,ea5ed or f'a( is (%e da(a dis(ribu(ion* $%e more ,ea5ed or

f'a( (%e dis(ribu(ion! (%e 'ess norma'') dis(ribu(ed (%e da(a! and (%e 'ess norma' (%e is(ribu(ion!

(%e 'ess =e'iab'e (%e da(a* $%ree degrees of 5ur(osis are no(ed: L M"so.urtc dis(ribu(ions are!

'i5e (%e norma' be'' cure! nei(%er ,ea5ed nor f'a(* L P+at&.urtc dis(ribu(ions are f'a((er (%an

(%e norma' be'' cure* L L"*to.urtc dis(ribu(ions are more ,ea5ed (%an (%e norma' be'' cure*

*tandard Deviationis e@,ressed as (%e ,osi(ie suare roo( of (%e ariance! i*e* ? for ,o,u'a(ions

and s for sam,'es* I( is (%e aerage difference be(een obsered a'ues and (%e mean* $%e

s(andard deia(ion is used %en e@,ressing dis,ersion in (%e same uni(s as (%e origina'

measuremen(s* I( is used more common') (%an (%e ariance in e@,ressing (%e degree (o %ic%

da(a are s,read ou(* +ccording (o (%e me(%od for scoring scale(%a( %ae been used (o (%e s(ud)

no( fi( (o (%e mode'* ence! (%e (a5en !tandard Deviationana')sis %as been ceased for (%is s(ud)*



13/17


Tab+" 1) Su,,ar& o$ Ana+&8"d Data $or Econo,ca+ Gau'"

Assessment -riteria *ample

*i.e

Min, Max, Mean Mode *ample

*tandard

Deviation

*ample

+urtosis

( C%anging of Na(iona' ,o'icies due (o

,o'i(ica' c%angingKs

20 4 H 1*GF 4 2*128 1*02

3 ",da(ing of rgania(iona' ,o'icies

according (o (%e g'oba' reuiremen(s*

20 H 4 0*HF 1 2*080 0*94

2 "nnecessar) o'i(ica' inf'uences (o

,o'icies

20 4 2 2*HF H 1*492 0*2F

1 omes(ic +ia(ion C%arges 20 4 H 0*20 1 or2 1*9GF 0*74

9 >i'i(ar) airbases (o coner(ed in (o

domes(ic air,or(s

20 4 4 0*40 1 2*010 0*82

: Na(iona' Budge(ar) a''oca(ions for

+ia(ion dee'o,men(s

20 4 4 1*00 2 2*H4F 1*F1

F'ur" () Dstrbuton o$ Kurtoss Va+u"s $or Soco+o'ca+ Gau'"

F'ur" 3)

Dstrbutons o$

Kurtoss Va+u"s $or

Fnanca+ Gau'"


R"su+t

-istri!ution values

through out the =raph

appro>imately

symetrical shaped?can

!e appro>imation to

the !ell shaped ormal

distri!ution.

Mesokurtic

distri!utions are, like

the normal !ell curve,

neither peaked nor

Aat. %ence, are the

collected data

Reliable for the

"ociological =auge.

R"su+t

is(ribu(ion a'ues (%roug%

ou( (%e /ra,% are sca((ered

and f'a( s%a,edA so canno( b

,ossibi'i() of a,,ro@ima(io

(o (%e be'' s%a,ed Norma

is(ribu(ion* 'a()5ur(i

dis(ribu(ions are mor

,ea5ed (%an (%e norma' be'

cure* enceA co''ec(ed da(

are Not R"+ab+" for (%

?inancia' /auge*


14/17


F'ur" 2) Dstrbutons o$ Kurtoss Va+u"s $or Econo,ca+ Gau'"

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

$%e drabac5s (o dee'o,men( of +ia(ion Serices in Sri an5an con(e@(!are s5)roc5e(ing due

(o (%e g'oba'ia(ion and (%e mus%rooming of (%e com,e(e(ors (o (%e modern +ia(ion6$ourism

mar5e( da) b) da)*ence! i( is (ime (o %ae an ana')sis on (%is regard! ac(ua') %a( 5ind of

barriers comes (o 5no %en ,a'nning for (%e en%ancemen( of aia(ion serices focusing (o (%e

groing (rend of g'oba' (ourism indus(r) in Sri an5a*

$%e e@,or(s of (%e (ourism and aia(ion serices %ae s%on an increasing (rend as aboe

men(ioned!(%e air serices (o be en%anced due (o main(ain (%e soca''ed su,,') demand cure in

(%e Sri an5an con(e@(*+ccording (o (%e designed Conceptual frameworkin (%is s(ud)!(%a( %as

been ca(ogarised as aboe men(ioned gauges;Socio'ogica'6?inancia'6Economica' (o be u,'if(ed and +((i(udes (o be c%anged in

accordance (o (%is s(ud) for (%e be((ermen( (o (%e coun(r)*


R"su+t

Da'ues (%roug%ou( (%e gra,

are sca((ered and 'i((s)mme(rica' s%a,edA cann

be ,ossibi'i()

a,,ro@ima(ion (o (%e be

s%a,ed Norma' dis(ribu(io

L"*to.urtc dis(ribu(io

are more ,ea5ed (%an (%

Norma' be'' cure* enc

co''ec(ed da(a are N

R"+ab+" for (%e Economic

/auge*


15/17


ar(icu'ar') in (%e +ir,or( and +ia(ion Serices;Sri 'an5a


16/17


Enironmen(a' im,ac(s are main') considered %eneer (%e ,'anning s(ages and im,'emen(ing

s(ages a'so* Sus(ainabi'i() of (%e coun(r) (%roug% aia(ion or (ourism is im,or(an( no da)s due

(o (%e u,ard (rend of g'oba' mar5e(* ence! (%e socio'ogica' conf'ic(s i(% (%e 'oca' goernmen(

(o be minimied b) (%e unbiased decisions ra(%er (%an (%e burocras(ic decisions*

REFERENCES)

+ir,or( & +ia(ion Serices ;Sri an5a< (d ;2009

(*(d*

+ir,or( & +ia(ion Serices ;Sri an5a< (d ;2010

(*(d*

Bu((on! #*! & a''! ;1999

Aviation Developments/

>icco! +*! & Serebris5)! $* ;2004inis(r) of Economic ee'o,men( ;2011< $ourism ee'o,men( S(ra(eg) 2011201G*Co'ombo*

ngan & emiro! ;0118

9701*2010*01H04*@6abs(rac(

asenia'u! >osese ;2008asse)

"niersi()! Ne Oea'and* searc%*ebsco%os(*com*

Sri an5a $ourism ee'o,men( +u(%ori() ;2009

http://gowtamrajchintaram.cgpublisher.com/http://rameshdurbarry.cgpublisher.com/http://thomasbaum.cgpublisher.com/http://gowtamrajchintaram.cgpublisher.com/http://rameshdurbarry.cgpublisher.com/http://thomasbaum.cgpublisher.com/


17/17


"ni(ed S(a(es +genc) for In(erna(iona' ee'o,men( ;2002< + Com,e(i(ieness S(ra(eg) for Sri

an5a.s $ourism Industry* Co'ombo: Na(%an +ssocia(es Inc*! and J* E* +us(in +ssocia(es*

Dermu'ian! eo,o'd ;2009

Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage

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Transcript of Pradeep Randiwela, Vindana Hewage