[PPT]Cell Structure & Function - TypePadsimpson.typepad.com/files/cell-structurewoyce2010.ppt ·...
-
Upload
doankhuong -
Category
Documents
-
view
240 -
download
4
Transcript of [PPT]Cell Structure & Function - TypePadsimpson.typepad.com/files/cell-structurewoyce2010.ppt ·...
Cell Structure & Function
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
Microscope image: http://www.answers.com/topic/microscopeCork image: http://www.cortex.de/img_kork/cork_cells_big.jpgHooke image: http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/upload/5/5c/Hookeyoungmtwb.jpg
1665-______________________used a microscope to examine a thin slice of cork and saw “little boxes”
He called them “CELLS” because they looked like the small rooms that monks lived in called Cells
Robert Hooke
Microscope/Leeuwenhoek image: http://www.answers.com/topic/microscopeAnimation from: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/13-cells.htm
1673-___________________________________a Dutch microscope maker was the first to see LIVING ORGANISMS.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Plant image: http://www.epa.gov/maia/images/classification.gifSchleiden image: http://web.visionlearning.com/events/Schleiden_Apr5_2005.htm
1838-German botanist __________________________concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells
Matthias Schleiden
Schwann image: http://home.tiscalinet.ch/biografien/biografien/schwann.htmAnimals image: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/index.htm
1839-German zoologist_________________________concluded that
ALL ANIMALS ARE MADE OF CELLS
Theodor Schwann
Virchow: http://www.parlament-berlin.de/Galeriecopy.nsf/0/8ABC720262898739C1256A480037F869?OpenDocumentMitosis: http://biology.dbs.umt.edu/biol101/labs/lab_6_images/sect01and06/Rebecca,%20tanner,%20and%20liam%20mitosis%20root%20tip.jpg
1855-German medical doctor _____________________saw dividing cellsin the microscopeand reasoned that cells come from other cells
Rudolph Virchow
CELL THEORY1. All living things are ________________________.
2. Cells are the basic unit of ____________ & _____________ in an organism. (cell = basic unit of _____________)
3. Cells come from the reproduction of ____________ cells
Cell image: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/lmexer1a.htm
MADE OF CELLS
existing
lifeSTRUCTURE FUNCTION
All living things made of cells BUT… organisms can be very different.
UNICELLULARMULTICELLULAR
Image from: http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_06/bacsiz.GIF
http://www.angelbabygifts.com/http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
CELL SIZE
Typical cells range from: 5 – 50 micrometers (microns) in diameter
http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/gdavis/links%20100.htm
How big is a micron ( µ ) ?http://www.talentteacher.com/pics/005cb.jpg
1 cm = 10,000 microns 1” = 25,000 microns
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM don’t just contain MANY CELLS.
Image from: http://www.isscr.org/images/ES-cell-Fig-2.jpg
They have different kinds of cells doing different jobs
Cells in a multi-cellular organism become SPECIALIZED by turning different genes on and off Image from: http://www.ncu.edu.tw/~ls/graph/faculty_pictures/whole_time/SLC/SLC_lab-1.jpg
Cell Specialization =DIFFERENTIATION
SPECIALIZED ANIMAL CELLSMuscle cells Red blood cells
http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/images/bloodcells3D.jpg
http://www.mlms.logan.k12.ut.us/~ajohnson/Cells.html
Cheek cells
Specialized Plant cells
Guard cellsXylem cells
Pollen
Guard cells: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/img/Botany_130/Diversity/Bryophytes/Anthoceros/Guard_cells.jpgXylem: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Secondary_Growth/Woody_Stems/Tilia_Stem/Secondary_Growth/One_Year_Stem/Primary_xylem_MC.jpgPollen: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/pollen.jpg
________ __________ ___________ATOMS MOLECULES ORGANELLES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
____________ ____________ CELLS TISSUES
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide
Similar cells working together
The cell
• The basic unit of structure and function in all _________ things.
Cell Theory• All living things are made up of
cells. (Schleiden and Schwann)• Cells are the smallest working
units of all living things. (S/S)• All cells come from preexisting
cells through cell division. (Virchow)
Examples of CellsAmoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic• Do not have
structures surrounded by membranes
• Few internal structures
• One-celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes• Most living organisms
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Wall/ Cell Membrane
Entering (and exiting) the cellCELL WALL
• A stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane, giving the cell a rigid boxlike shape
• Function: protection & support
• This structure is only on the plant cell
CELL MEMBRANE• Forms the outside
boundary that separates the cell from its environment
• Function: controls what comes in and out of the cell
Cell Membrane• Outer membrane
of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Acts as the “brain” of the cell or the control center
• Directs all of the cell’s activities
• Where DNA is found
Nucleus
• Cells without a nucleus: ______________• Cells with a nucleus: ________________
___________________________ ___________________________
Nucleus
• Directs cell activities• Separated from cytoplasm by
nuclear membrane• Contains genetic material - DNA
Nucleus
• The nucleus of the cell contains the genetic information (DNA)
Nuclear Membrane• Surrounds nucleus• Made of two layers• Openings allow
material to enter and leave nucleus
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleolus
• Inside nucleus
• Contains RNA to build proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chromosomes
• In nucleus• Made of DNA• Contain
instructions for traits & characteristics
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cytoplasm• Gel-like mixture• Surrounded by cell membrane• Contains hereditary material
Cytoplasm
• A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire cell wherein the organelles are found.
• It is constantly moving so the cell does not need to propel itself.
Mitochondria
• The “powerhouse” of the cell
• Produces energy for the cell
Proteins in the cell
• Endoplasmic Reticulum– Carry proteins and other materials from one
part of the cell to another• Ribosomes
– Factories that produce proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials
around in cell• Smooth type: lacks
ribosomes• Rough type
(pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Ribosomes• Each cell contains
thousands• Make proteins• Found on
ribosomes & floating throughout the cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Endoplasmic Reticulum & Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
• The cell’s “mailroom”• Receives proteins
and other materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them to other parts of the cell.
Lysosomes
• Cell’s cleanup crew• Breaks down old cell parts and releases
the substances so they can be used again.
Vacuoles• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Plant Cells Animal Cells
• Larger vacuoles
• Chloroplast• Cell wall• Cells have
definite shape
• Smaller vacuoles, some have no vacuoles
• No cell wall and no chloroplast
• More lysosomes• More mitochondria
VACUOLES
• Storage area of the cell• Stores food and water• Plants have one large vacuole for water• Some animal cells have them & others do
not
Chloroplasts
• Capture energy from the sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
• Found only in the plant cell
Chloroplast• Usually found in
plant cells• Contains green
chlorophyll• Where
photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html