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Lesson 1B / Slide 1 of 22©NIIT

Planning and Optimizing a TCP/IP Network

Planning TCP/IP Network Services

ObjectivesIn this lesson, you will learn to:

• Plan a TCP/IP addressing structure• Plan a subnet configuration• Select an appropriate IP configuration method• Evaluate network performance• Calculate actual data throughput• Optimize network performance




Pre-assessment Questions1. While planning the network and remote access strategy, you need to analyze

the ________ to estimate the number of users requiring network and remote access. a. Organization’s needs b. Technology used c. Security needs d. Service used

2. The ability of a clustering solution to respond when a server within a cluster service experiences failure is called __________. a. Reliability b. Efficiency c. Fault tolerance d. Stability




Pre-assessment Questions (Contd.)3. While creating the network infrastructure plan, which of the following options

will you consider to determine the growth plan of an organization? a. Networking costs b. Future uncertainties c. Organization’s vision d. Network stability

4. Which of the following components of the master project plan aims at keeping the stakeholders informed at all levels? a. Training plan b. Capacity plan c. Budget plan d. Communication plan




Pre-assessment Questions (Contd.)5. Identify the three variables that decide how quickly a project can be

completed. a. Schedule, budget, and features b. Resources, schedule, and budget c. Resources, schedule, and features d. Resources, schedule, and budget




Solutions to Pre-assessmentQuestions

1. a. Organization’s needs 2. b. Efficiency 3. c. Organization’s vision 4. d. Communication plan 5. c. Resources, schedule, and features




Planning a TCP/IP Network• The first step in designing a network is to plan the logical and physical network

of the organization. • To plan the logical network, you need to select a communication protocol, such

as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and NetBEUI. • TCP/IP is the most preferred communication protocol used for planning the

logical network of an organization because it is the most robust protocol suite. • To plan a TCP/IP network, you need to plan the following according to the

current and future business requirements of an organization:• TCP/IP addressing structure • Subnet configuration




Planning TCP/IP Addressing Structures• A TCP/IP addressing structure is of the following two types:

• Class-based:• Used for networks that do not have subnets. Depending on the size of

the network, it can be of the following types:• Class A: Used for a network with a large number of hosts• Class B: Used for a medium-sized network• Class C: Used for small networks

• Classless-based:• Used for networks that are divided into subnets• Enables better administration and maintenance of the network

because each subnet is administered individually• Enables conservation of IP addresses as the same IP address with a

different subnet mask can be assigned to 20 hosts in a network




Planning Subnet Configuration• A large network can be broken down into subnets for security and

manageability reasons. • To determine the number of subnets required on a network, you need to

consider the following factors:• Wide area network (WAN) connections• Overloading• Future growth

• You can create subnets in a network based on the following:• Location• Department• Cadre

• To determine the number of hosts on a subnet, you need to consider the following factors:

• Network performance• Future growth




Selecting IP Configuration Methods• You need to select an appropriate IP configuration method to configure the

TCP/IP properties on the hosts of a network. The selection of an IP configuration method depends on the size of an organization.

• You can choose any of the following TCP/IP configuration methods:• Manual addressing• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) reserved addressing• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) dynamic addressing• Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)




Practice-Creating a TCP/IP Plan• Problem Statement

• You are the system administrator in BlueMoon Computers, Inc., a leading computer parts manufacturer in the United States. The corporate office of BlueMoon Computers is at Atlanta. The company plans to open three new branch offices at Geneva, Paris, and Virginia. Each branch office will have one server and approximately 100-150 hosts. All three servers will connect to the corporate office using WAN links. You need to create the TCP/IP plan for the three new branch offices.




Practice-Creating a TCP/IP Plan(Contd.)

• Solution

1. Plan an IP addressing structure for the network2. Plan the number of subnets required in the network3. Select an appropriate IP address configuration method for the

network




Optimizing a TCP/IP Network • Optimization of a network ensures effective network services to hosts and

enables the network to provide services to additional hosts. • You need to monitor the following factors to evaluate the performance of the

network: • Bandwidth• Latency• Throughput• Capacity• Wire speed• Utilization• Collisions• Efficiency• Frame rate




Optimizing a TCP/IP Network (Contd.) • You can evaluate network performance using the following graphs:

• Ethernet throughput: The rate at which data is transferred on a network. You can determine the throughput values for a network by viewing the Ethernet throughput graph, as shown in the following figure.




Optimizing a TCP/IP Network (Contd.) • Ethernet Utilization: The percentage of time for which a transmission wire

is occupied by the sender and the receiver. This utilization rate of transmission wire is classified in the following levels:

• Light• Moderate-heavy• Saturation




Optimizing a TCP/IP Network (Contd.) • You can view the Ethernet utilization for a network using the Ethernet

utilization graph, as shown in the following figure.




Tools Used for Evaluating Network Performance

• You can use the following tools to check the actual status of a network:• Traffic–monitoring tools• Protocol analyzers• Network management software• Handheld diagnostics tools




Calculating Actual Data Throughput• You can also monitor network traffic by calculating Actual Data Throughput

(ADT).• ADT is the amount of usable data that is transferred to the higher-level

Layer 3 software. • The factors affecting ADT are network traffic and rate of data transfer.• You can calculate ADT by using the following formula:

ADT = net utilization * efficiency * wire speedWhere, net utilization = utilization – number of collisions




Improving Network Performance• After evaluating the network performance, you need to improve the

network performance.• To improve the network performance, you should do the following:

• Determine if the network is overloaded.• Ensure unique identification for each host and server on the network.• Monitor the bandwidth utilization to estimate the congestion on the

network.




Practice-Optimizing Network Performance

• Problem Statement

• Brandon Pierce is the senior system administrator at the head office of BlueMoon Computers Inc. Some employees at the head office have complained to Brandon about slow network access. Brandon provides you the following information about the network utilization:• The file server at the head office works on a switched

connection and runs at 90 percent utilization.• The network traffic generated by the file server has

resulted in congestion of the network.• The file server currently uses 10/100 Mpbs NIC that runs

at 10 Mpbs.Resolve this problem based on the above information.




Practice-Optimizing NetworkPerformance (Contd.)

• Solution

1. Evaluate the network performance2. Improve the network performance




SummaryIn this lesson, you learned that: • The first step in designing a network is to plan the logical and physical

network of the organization. • To plan a TCP/IP network, you need to plan the following:

• TCP/IP addressing structure • Subnet configuration

• You need to select an appropriate IP configuration method to configure the TCP/IP properties on the hosts of a network.

• You need to monitor factors, such as bandwidth, latency, throughput, capacity, wire speed, utilization, collisions, efficiency, and frame rate to evaluate the performance of a network.

• You can evaluate network performance using the Ethernet throughput and Ethernet utilization graphs.

• You can use tools, such as traffic–monitoring tools, protocol analyzers, network management software, and handheld diagnostics tools to check the actual status of a network.




Summary (Contd.)• You can also monitor network traffic by calculating Actual Data Throughput

(ADT).

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