PMU Brazil's experience
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Transcript of PMU Brazil's experience
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CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
On-line Voltage Instability RiskIdentification Based on Phasor
Measurements
Glauco N. Taranto
Rio de Janeiro, RJ
COPPE/UFRJ
Programa de Engenharia Eltrica
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Acknowledgements
Dr. Sandro Corsi (Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano)
Acknowledgements
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CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
Presentation Outline
Introduction
PMU
Voltage Stability
Background for the Method Utilized
Proposed Algorithm for Identification
Results
Italian System
Brazilian System (Preliminary Results)
Concluding Remarks
Presentation Outline
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Introduo
PMU
First experiments back to the seventies
The pioneers: Profs. Phadke and Thorp
In Brazil: MedFasee Project (2003)
Technology for synchronizationLoran-C (in the past 100 kHz)
GPS (presently 2 MHz)
Applications
Monitoring (low sampling rate)
Protection and Control (high sampling rate)
Introduction
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Localization of PMUs in TVA (USA)
Introduction
CRIS I t ti l W k h C iti l I f t t WAMS I t d ti
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Voltage Stability
Short termFrom miliseconds to a few seconds
Large perturbation
Induction motor starting, HVDC
Long termFrom seconds to many minutes
OLTC, OEL
Introduction
Introduction
Work Focus
Elemento causador da instabilidade de tenso de Curto tempo.
Partidas de motores e links HVDC pode ser as
consideradas grande perturbao para tenso.
CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS B k d
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CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
Background
Based on:
Measurements of voltage and current phasors
Thevenin equivalent
Impedance matching
Background
CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS Background
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CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
Background (Thevenin)
LThThL IZEVrrr
=
ThL ZZ =
1 equation
2 unknowns
Maximal power
transfer
Background
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CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
Installation Layout
Source: Sakis Meliopoulos, IREP 2007
Background
Transformador de Corrente
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CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
VIP Voltage Instability Prediction
Source: K. Vu and D. Novosel, Voltage Instability Predictor (VIP) - Method and
System for Performing Adaptive Control to Improve Voltage Stability in Power
Systems, US Patent No. 6,219,591, April 2001.
Finding: relying only on voltage magnitudes
to detect voltage instability is neither helpful
nor reliable!
Background
Os rels convencionais medem somente as
magnitudes das tenses, o que por si s no uma
condio suficiente, pois instabilidades de tenso
podem ocorrer com nveis relativamente altos de
tenso.
CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS Fundamentals
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CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
Fundamentals
=
Th
L
E
V
coscos
1
0ThR
assumingEth is
unknownMethods already proposed:
1) LMS
2) Tellegens Principle
Fundamentals
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Fundamentals
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CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
Conceptual Analysis
Known Variables Estimated Variables
ZL() I
L(A) V
L(V) E
Th(V) Z
Th() E
Th(V) Z
Th()
1 9 2 18 21 1,5 19 0,5
2 8 2,22 17,76 21 1,46 19 0,56
Step
20 V(?)
1 (?)
LVIL ZL
Hint!
Eth = 20 V
Zth = 1
Fundamentals
1,45
10
1,82 18,2
Zth0 para estimativa acima
Ztho para
estimativa abaixo.
CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS Proposed Algorithm
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p
Proposed Algorithm
Step 1 Estimate the initial value of Etho
Step 2 Compute Xtho
Step 3 Compute Eth(i) according to the logics of
the previous numerical exampleStep 4 Compute Xth
(i) given Eth(i)
Step 5 Increment (i) and return to Step 3.
oposed go t
CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS Results
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p
Results
The proposed algorithm was applied to the entire Italian System from
real data
System Characteristics:
2549 buses (380 kV and 220 kV networks)
2258 transmission lines and transformers
325 generators
50 GW of load
Dynamic models for OLTCs, OELs, voltage regulators and speed governors
Application to load and transit buses
Sampling rate 20ms (1 phasor/cycle in 50Hz)
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380 kV Network
Milan
Florence
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Brugherio 380kV Bus
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Baggio 380kV Bus
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Sensitivity to the Sampling Rate
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Tests in the Rio Area
Tests are still preliminary
Made possible via Anatem from CEPELCase and models obtained from ONS webpage(February/2007)
Load ramp increase
Summary submitted to SEPOPE 2008
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Preliminay Tests in the Rio Area
I
I
V
I
CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS
C h i P li t 500kVResults
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Cachoeira Paulista 500kVZ_Thevenin x Z_carga
CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS Concluding Remarks
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Concluding Remarks
The phasor measurements can efficiently be utilized in voltage
instability prevention.
High sampling rates are necessary.
Prediction of voltage instability in a region can be made without
extensive use of the communications resources.
It is possible to proposed more sophisticated control logics relying on
data synchronization via GPS.
Comprehensive results from the Italian System and preliminary ones
from the Brazilian System encourage further research on this topic.
CRIS International Workshop on Critical Infrastructures WAMS Rio de Janeiro, RJ
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THANKS !e-mail: [email protected]