Plenary #6 Accessibility LClarke -...

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Transcript of Plenary #6 Accessibility LClarke -...

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One of the pressing issues facing Adventist Education is how provide Adventist Education as an opportunity in areas where there are currently no brick and mortar schools. Can you name the two options available for Adventist Distance Education?

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Currently there are two options for Distributed or Distance Learning. We have PACeS based in Alberta and West Coast Adventist School in British Columbia. I will be focusing on the Canadian Distance Learning Schools.

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The question then remains how can encourage the parents to view Distance Education as a viable option. In order to do that, we need to be able to look at the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats that are inherent in Distance Learning.

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Building distance education requires that we recognize what we are doing well.

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Building distance education requires that we recognize what we are doing well.

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Students are able to revisit lessons that they may have difficulty understanding. Also if they are sick or on vacation, they only need an internet connection to attend classes. If those classes are missed, they are available to rewatch.  Because the learning is predominately done at home, sickness does not necessarily mean the student will miss class.

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Some parents in brick and mortar schools public and Adventist schools complain that they are not aware of what their children are being taught. 

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Now that we know a few of the strengths (and I highlighted only a few) we need to look at the weaknesses.  While provincial governments are trying to improve internet in remote areas, there are still issues. There are often down times (Bella Coola example‐ bear sitting in front of dish) and speed issues that limit the ability for video conferencing.

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The biggest opportunity I see in Distance Learning is the cooperation of brick and mortar schools with online schools in a blended learning scenario. Partnerships with Brick and Mortar HS could be used to expand the class offerings through online or mentored classes (independent study‐ supervised by a teacher)

Learning centres could either be within a local school or a small community that meets in a church. Learning centres are more cost effective as they  are staffed by supervisors who supervise students as they learn from the online teachers. This is a great opportunity for school growth or school planting. In many provinces, there is a minimum number of students needed to operate as a school. Teachers in one room schools could use DL for the upper grades to ensure that teacher loads are not exceeded. IN addition, smaller schools may be able to expand and offer high school classes for grade 9 or 10 (or up to Grade 12) which bridges the years between transfer to a boarding academy. (for parents who do not want their children to leave home so young.

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Provincial Governance‐ There is the risk of losing funding (or not being funded in provinces outside of the host school province). There are also accreditation issues. While there is a provincial transfer guide, it is constantly changing as provinces change their curriculum. Therefore it is difficult to place out of province students who wish to transfer out of the DL program. Each school may credit the courses differently resulting in gaps in required classes (e.g. if one province has geo in grade 9 vs history). Public schools are not as accepting of private out of province credits (Kyle vs Braedan).

Increased competition‐ DL programs are springing up everywhere. The regulations outlining the different types are different. I have heard it referred to as the wild west. Both public and independent schools are trying to get into the market which is proving difficult for attracting new students. In the west, competition is great with other Christian schools and they are often more lenient and less structured to entice the homeschooling market.  A simple google search brings 10 different Christian Online schools in Alberta alone. BC is no different.

Liability in learning centres‐ As the learning centre is not technically a school on its own, the liability of the learning centre for meeting different expectations and the liability of the DL school becomes very blurred. Originally, DL was developed to be an organized home school delivered or overseen by teachers as opposed to parents supervising on their own. As we cross‐enroll provincially and nationally with our Brick and Mortar schools, the divisions and responsibilities become unclear.

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Collaboration is best practice and frankly teachers do not do it enough. We have two schools that are each doing their own things so to speak. While curriculum is different between provinces, there are valuable insights and supports that can make both programs better. The DL teachers can be a support system to both those in their local DL school and in the other DL school. As this would be a Canada wide initiative, I believe the SDACC and the provinces both have a vested interest in providing these opportunities.

Course overviews or outlines are very helpful when a student transfers. The document could be sent with the transcript making it easier for the receiving school to give full credit to the student.

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Funding could be support for internet and computer upgrades that are needed to meet the technological requirements of the program. 

Policy of expectations and regulations must address the liability of having students of a DL school meeting in Brick and Mortar vs Church basements (or other buildings). The need for fire system, accessibility requirements, and criminal records checks etc need to be evaluated and documented in order to best protect the students in our care.

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How to we as stakeholders, teachers, principals, and educators make the knowledge connect in those with learning needs in Adventist schools?

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I was blessed by the opportunity to meet and share with Dr. Kenneth Pudlas of Trinity Western University. He teaches graduate level classes in inclusion of students with special needs. Dr. Pudlas wrote an article that was published in the Journal of Research in Christian Education. Dr. Pudlas intrigued me with his idea that Christian teachers are called to minister to special needs students and to unite the head, Heart and Hand together.

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There are several things that we know about inclusion of students with special needs. We know that the Charter of Rights and freedoms guarantees the right for special needs students to be educated. The US has their own No Child Left Behind and IDEA (Disabilities acti).

What percentage of students are special needs?  Stand if you believe less than 10%, 10% ‐20%, 20%‐30% 30% and above?

When we look at our schools there are approximately 10 % of students with special needs.  Take a look at this chart

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Do we as a church educational program feel like these numbers are higher in our system than in the Public system?  Keep in mind that these are the reported disabilities and they could very well be higher which is why I am more comfortable with the 10% number. 

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(According to a study in BC)Of those 10%, approximately 4% are students with severe needs (Physical dependent, deafblind, moderate to profound intellectual disability, visual impairment, deaf or hard of hearing, autism spectrum disorder, and Intensive behaviour/severe mental illness). Approx6 % involve Mild Intellectual disability, gifted, learning disabilities and Moderate Behaviour support/mental illness.  Considering that 10%‐ in most provinces (with government funding‐ schools are responsible to meet the needs using the base educational grant. Some provinces (Manitoba and BC) offer additional funding. That funding is only for those lower 4%. Students in the 6 % category

We also know that Adventist schools are not the only ones struggling with inclusion. Public schools are also struggling with how to meet the needs of all students. Our teachers are not in this alone. 

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Professional Development Activities are widely available. The NAD and SDACC teachers conventions and education councils provide valuable training opportunities.

It is not that Teachers do not know best‐practises or have the opportunity to learn about new initiatives and techniques. 

In my opinion, we do not have the heart or emotional buy‐in and we are not alone.

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A 2010 Canadian study of public school teachers found that 75% of of teachers did not support the inclusion process. I do not believe that it is any different in our school system. I have spoken over the years to many teachers both in evaluations and through my summer classes at CUC. There seems to be a sort of learned helplessness on the part of the teachers. We are presented with all these great ideas and yet when it comes to implementing them in the classroom, the attitude is.. It won’t work in multi‐grade or it won’t work in our school system. The public school has so many more supports etc. 

In the public school, Teachers historically have been told that they cannot teach students with special needs. They have been told that the students need to be in classrooms with specially trained teachers. Now teachers are being told that they have to include students with special needs.  

The other issue with inclusion is that there are teachers who believe they cannot plan for inclusion because they have to consider the rest of the students in the class. In essence what is happening is the teachers teach to the 80% that will get it and the rest, oh well… I will work with them the best I can but they probably won’t get it anyway. Do NOT mistake me… this attitude is universal for many teachers both in public and independent schools. My doctoral classmates often lament on the same issues only sometimes theirs are compounded by union interference like job action.

Please do not get me wrong, There are many teachers in our system doing a great job with 

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the instructional techniques described by Dr. Blackmer that are reaching the special needs students. However, there are a percentage of teachers that are not.

Consider this cartoon…

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Great instruction for special needs students provides varied opportunities for learning. When teachers plan to meet the needs of special needs students, ALL STUDENTS BENEFIT! Of the lesson from traditional teaching styles will also learn from authentic and interactive lessons as well. In fact if we are actually honest, our best students could learn if we simply had them read the lessons themselves.

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This is where the professional development and best practices in instruction are worth their weight in gold. Schools need to provide opportunities for students to demonstrate their knowledge in a way that connects with the students. By engaging students in meaningful ways, many learning issues including behavioural problems can be addressed in the classroom through instructional practices.  For example, students who are active learners can reduce the amount of disruptions in the class by moving away from workbooks and worksheets to authentic activities that allow for movement and collaboration. Students who talk a lot in class are interpersonal learners who need to work with others. By allowing for collaborative learning activities, the teacher focuses the talking on topics that further learning. 

Jordan and Stanovich (2004) also showed that teaching techniques that meet a diversity of needs result in high levels of student engagement, leading to higher academic self concept and achievement in students both with and without disabilities. 

Jordan, A., & Stanovich, P. (2004). The beliefs and practices of Canadian teachers

about including students with special needs in their regular elementary

classrooms. Exceptionality Education Canada, 14(2‐3), 25‐46.

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SO you ask where the push back is. Believe it or not it is the idea that somehow equal is fair and fair is equal. Fair is not giving everyone the same thing. Fair is giving everyone what they need to be successful. We as educators, in general, seem to have the idea that if we as educators teach to the 10% we are ignoring the rest of the students. Therefore the majority is more important than the minority when just like the ramp, if we meet the needs of the special needs student, everyone benefits.

We see differentiation as simply giving different worksheets. I personally find this funny because the students who need practice can’t do worksheets and the students who can do the worksheets don’t need the practice.  Am I the only one who see this as ironic?

We as teachers see the student with special needs as a burden. We see them as a lot of work to plan for one or two children. Instead of realizing that what we plan for them can be used for everyone. If a student has organizational issues, teach organizational skills to the whole class. Everyone will benefit. 

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We have been given guidance on inquiry based learning and experiential learning in the book “Education” We have also been mandated by Jesus to reach out to the least of these…  Instead of viewing special needs students as trouble and more work, they are actually a blessing and a growth place for us. They are also the ones that need acceptance and grace.

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Each person is valued by God‐ regardless of their weaknesses. In fact, Jesus believed in the special gifts of each of His children. When He chose his disciples, Jesus could have chosen pious priests or perfect individuals… Instead He chose individuals of no real significance. In fact they were all sinners with anger (James and John) issues, trust issues (Thomas), prejudice (Bartholomew), impulsivity (Peter), Andrew was not a powerful speaker, Intolerant (John), self‐esteem issues (Philip), Greed and Fraud (Matthew), Strong‐willed (Simon the Zealot), 

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We are not called to minister to the saved but to the ones who are the least of these. 

How often do we live our faith? We heard about being small yesterday. Do we trust that God will take our small resources and work a miracle to multiply them like the loaves and the fishes? *IF time talk about the Trinity graduate that was passed over for a job andSaid

“My beliefs have developed who I am as an individual, but they don’t come into play when I am doing my job”

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Video Jesus Friend of Sinners

It is through our special needs students that we have the opportunity to truly make and see a difference. They are the ones who need us as teachers the most. Those in our classrooms that are our difficult students are the ones who are the hardest to love but need the love the most. Those are the students that need us the most. 

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Capacity building is also very important. Our teachers seem to have lost heart and we all (Pastors, Constituency Members, Conference Employees) need to help them build their capacity and self esteem.

TEACHER BASHING?  TEACHERS ARE THE BIGGEST ASSET IN THE CLASSROOM. The tools are nice but not as important as the teacher.

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I am going to say something that needs to be said and it may not be true in your particular corner, but on a whole, I feel that many of our teachers feel that they are fighting the good fight all alone. They are constantly bombarded with messages that they are not good enough. What is the definition of insanity… Doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results. Emotional buy‐in is for more than just teachers. The teachers are continuing in the trenches even though many do not feel supported by their constituency, their principal, their pastors, and perhaps even their conference leadership. Across the country, teachers and schools are given the message that they are not good enough. That they are not professional enough.   I have heard comments from church members like… they only want students so they can keep their jobs, the test scores that are higher than the surrounding area are only because of the students they are lucky enough to have, they only teach in our system because the wouldn’t be able to hack it in the public system, my favourite of course is when students leave our school and do well in public school and we hear how well the students are doing in the other school and what is passed around is how the students are doing well in spite of the Adventist school. There are various schools where individuals will not even apply because they have heard how teachers in that constituency are treated. Is it any wonder that our teachers have lost heart? I have seen boards call in experts from the public system with less training than our own Adventist teachers. Over 15 years of teaching, I have personally seen or heard the way our teachers and our schools are treated in our churches and by our pastors. Pastors not sending their children to the school because they do not feel that the Adventist education is more important than sports or French or even the public education system. All of these things position our teachers into learned helplessness. Our teachers are committed to 

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Adventist education yet they quickly realize that they do not receive any credit for initiative or creativity with the constituency. 

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Once we have the knowledge and the desire, we have a vision. With that vision, real work takes place. In the classroom, when the head and heart are in sync, the hand will do what needs to be done. This is where the reward truly takes place. Teachers do not enjoy assigning worksheets and grading. The joy of teaching is watching the learning take place. It is seeing the light turn on in a students eyes. We humans are more than willing to put in hard work because of the reward that comes with results. Perhaps our teachers suffer burnout partly because they are not teaching in such a way that will re‐energize and reward the teacher. 

What then can we do to support and encourage our teachers and principals?

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Pastors need to minister to the teachers and principal so they will have the grace to give to others. Pastors, I implore you to realize that being a teacher in the school is serving a ministry in your church. Many teachers may feel pressure to participate in leadership roles in the churches. These teachers and principals give their hearts and souls to the school and need Sabbath to be their chance to refuel so to speak. Some teachers may be invigorated by serving on Sabbath but others may not. Respect the level of involvement that the educational ministers are willing to give.

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* PUT RESEARCH ON THE TABLE

Research shows that principals have a strong‐ indirect effect on student learning. The principal, through both high expectations, emotional and professional support can have a huge influence on student learning. Unfortunately, many school boards assign other duties‐marketing, maintenance, custodial, transportation that their time at school is tied up in overseeing everything other than instruction and student learning. Many provinces are now requiring forms and reports. Conferences need to provide adequate release time to complete the educational requirements from the government and the conference. We are literally burying our principals in paperwork. In larger schools it prevents principals from being active supervisors and support for the teachers and in smaller schools it prevents them from being able to plan for both instruction and leadership. 

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Make sure teachers know that they are capable of working with the students. IF there are problems, the principal needs to identify and provide supports to help the teachers meet the students needs.

School boards are also responsible to support inclusive practices.

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The board needs to take more responsibility and not simply be an advisory committee to dictate to the principal. 

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School boards and principals have a duty to screen all students before admitting them in the school. Conferences in collaboration with the schools need to develop what are acceptable and unacceptable admissions. It is no longer practical to have a blanket refusal of special needs students in an inclusive society; however, We cannot serve everyone. We have to decide what we have resources and funding to help. However, keep in mind that 6% of special needs should be able to be met in the regular classroom with minimal additional support.

MAKE YOUR ADMISSION POLICY FOCUSED ON WHETHER YOU CAN MEET THE STUDENTS NEEDS NOT THE TEACHERS. That should be your guiding principle.

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We all need to look inside ourselves and examine how we live our own faith. What are our own beliefs and how have we helped or hindered the education of our youth in word, thought or action. Everyone is a piece of the puzzle and needs support from everyone. We have an obligation to do our best to make Adventist education accessible to EVERYONE who wishes to have their children spiritually educated that includes students with special needs and students in remote places. Those families are also  in constant need of prayer and encouragement both in the school and the churches. Jesus calls all who are weak and heavy ladened to seek Him for relief. Our churches and schools are the support system and community for all.

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