Plant

()() ()() () () () () () () ()() () () () . () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () , () () ()() () () () () () () () . () () () () () (), () () , () ()() () () () () , () () () () () () () () () () ()() () () (). () () () () () () () () . () () () () () ()() () () , ()() () () () () () ()() () () (). () () () () () () ()() () ()() () () ()() () . 1 PLANT 1.1 PLANT 1.1.1 Plant FACILITY , IN-PUT ( ) OUT-PUT

, . . . SYSTEM . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Engineering . Plant () () ()

1.1.2 PLANT

()() Plant

()() Plant

() Plant () Gas () () () () ()

() Plant (Cement) Plant () Plant ()

() () ()

() Plant

() () () () ()

Infrastructure Plant

() Plant () () () ()

() Plant () Plant

() () Data()

(),Gas () () Plant

. , . . . ()

() () () Owner ()

() (), () () () ()

Owner Consultant Co. () () () () () () () () ()() () Process & Capacity, () Location, Construction Time Study

Consultant Co. Engineering Co.

(), () Material Balance Process Flow Diagram (PFD) ,Utility Diagram (UFD), P&ID, Layout (Plot Plan), Piping Layout, Equipment List, Data Sheet, Specification

Consultant Co. Engineering Co.

Detailed Layout, Equipment Design, Piping Bill of Material, Stress Analysis Procurement

Consultant Co. Engineering Co.

Requisition Sheet, Civil, Architecture, Electric, Instrument, Piping Detail Design Surge Analysis, Tender Document

Owner, Engineering Co. Construction Co. Maker Construction Co

() Vendor Review, Procurement Contract, PQ (), Construction Work Tender & Contract

Engineering Co. Construction Co. Maker Construction Co.

(), (), (), (), (), ( I & C), (), (), ( PERT/CPM), ( Q.A & Q.C)

Owner, Engineering Co. Construction Co. Maker Construction Co

(), () (), (), ()

Invest Opportunity Study

Feasibility Study

Basic Engineering Data & Design (BEDD)

Detail Design & Engineering

Construction Contract

Procurement Contract

Construction Work

Commissioning & Operation

(1) . , , . (2) Buyer Credit . (Process), , , . . (3) () () (Know-How) , Engineering . (4) () Data Specification , , Process Engineering . (5) () () () () , , , , . (6) () Specification . (7) ( - Commissioning & Operation) , Engineering,

Maintenance . 1.2 () () 1.2.1 () () .(Joel Dean) . . (Herold Bierman Jr. & Seymour Smidt) . . , , , . . . () () (1) () (Replacement Investment) . () () , (), () ()() . , . . (2) () (Expansion Investment) . . , () . (3) () (Improvement) , (Defense) (Aggressive) . , .

. (4) () (Strategic Investment) (Risk-reducing Investment) (Welfare-improving Investment) . (Vertical Integration - . . , .) . , , .

,

, .

. . , . , * (Mutually Exclusive Investment) .

*(Mutually Exclusive Projects): . NPV(Net Present Value) NPV1=100, NPV2=80, NPV2=60 2 , 1,2 180 , 1,2 1,3 NPV-160 . .

1.2.2 , , () (Vision) . , , , . ,

, . , . , . (1) () () (2) () () (3) ()() () (4) ()() () , . , () . 1.2.3 () ()() . . . , .

, .

. , , , (Demand Forecasting) . (Technical Feasibility Analysis) .

. , .

. , .

. , , , .

1.3 () () ()()

1.3.1 ()() ()() . . , , . . , . . (1) (Payback Period) (2) (Average Rate Return) (3) (Internal Rate Return) (4) (Net Present Value) (5) (Profitability Index) (6) MAPI (7) MAPI . , , . MAPI MAPI , , MAPI ( Urgency Rating) . 1.3.2 . . (1) a. : , , b. : , , , , (2) a. : , , , Lease

b. : , , , , , , , . () () () ()()

() 1970~74 75~79 80~84 85 86 87 88 () () 19.5 22.8 30.0 39.2 41.5 37.1 56.0 () 5.4 8.2 5.0 7.5 13.4 10.7 21.3 ()() 14.1 13.5 21.8 28.0 24.6 22.4 28.7 () 1.1 3.2 3.7 3.5 4.0 6.0 () 80.5 77.2 70.0 60.5 58.5 62.9 44.0 () 12.8 7.9 7.7 6.6 5.5 10.7 9.5 () 41.6 41.3 34.1 46.2 31.3 22.4 9.6 () 26.1 28.0 28.2 7.7 21.7 4.0 24.9 () ()() ()

()() () () / () () 1975-1979 1982 1977 1984 () 76.1 (100) 60.9 (100) 31.1 (100) 29.1 (100) () 7.9 (10.4) 6.1 (10.0) 4.9 (12.9) 1.5 (5.2) () 3.2 (4.2) - 9.7 (25.4) 7.5 (25.8) ()() 28.6 (37.6) 29.5 (48.5) 19.0 (49.8) 20.1 (69.0) () 36.4 (47.8) 25.3 (41.5) 4.5 (11.9) - () 23.9 39.1 61.9 70.9 () 100 100 100 100 : , 1985 1986 3 , , 3 . . (E. H. Evans Jr.) . (1) (Growth Stage) (2) (Mature Stage) (Retained Earning , ) (3) (Stable Stage) .

. (Financing Decision) . . Cost Cost Cost . , , Lease (Income Tax Effect) , Cost Cost , . . () , , , . . . () (Callable Preferred Stock) , . . (Leverage Effect - , . .) (EPS - Earning Per Share () . EPS= /, 1 1 .) , , Cost . , , .

2 Plant () () 2.1. Plant () () () 2.1.1 Plant Plant . Engineering Fee, . Engineering Fee . . Plant 60 . Plant (%)

Plant Engineering Fee () Plant 10 60 30 () Plant 5 75 20 () Plant 5 70 25 () Plant 10 55 35 () Plant 10 50 40 () Plant 5 55 40 () Plant 3 52 45 () Plant 15 40 45 () Plant 10 57 33 Cement Plant 10 70 20 () ()() No. Item Portion A Engineering Fee 0.0180 B Equipment & Material Cost 0.5098

B-1 Mechanical, Material Cost 0.3661 Boiler 0.1195 Turbine & Generator 0.1198 Condensing & Feed Heating System 0.0260 Cooling Water System 0.0128 Water Treatment System 0.0134 Piping & Valves 0.0351 Storage Tank & Vessel 0.0050 Painting and Insulation 0.0022 Others: Crane, Hoist, Compressed Air System 0.0323 Fire Fighting & Protection Spare Parts, Gas Receiving System Transportation & Insurance Operation Consumables B-2 Electric Equipment & Material 0.0975

B-3 Instrument & Control Equipment & Material 0.0462 C Transportation 0.0596 D Construction Work 0.2691 Civil Work 0.1065 Architecture Work 0.0668 Mechanical Work 0.0653 Electric Work 0.0178 Instrument & Control Work 0.0042 HVAC 0.0085 E In-Direct Cost 0.1435 Total 1.0000 () ()() :% No. Item () () A Engineering Fee 4.5 16.7 16.9 B Mechanical, Material Cost 47.0 49 49.9

Tower & Vessel 9.4 4.4 4.4 Reactor 1.4 2.8 11.3 Heat Exchanger 20.3 10.6 7.4 Furnace 10.3 19.5 Rotating Machine 5.6 10.2 18.6 Others 1.5 8.2 C Piping & Valves 20.0 10.7 8.1 D Instrument & Control System 10.4 7.8 3.0 E Electrical 2.0 1.5 2.6 F Insulation 1.3 1.2 0.9 G Painting 0.5 0.1 0.1 H Steel Structure 3.5 0.9 0.7 I Catalyst & Others 0.3 1.4 0.6 J Civil & Architecture 9.4 5.7 10.2 K License 3.3 4.9 L In-Direct Cost 1.1 1.7 2.1 Total 100 100 100

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2.1.2 Plant Plant () . Plant , Management , Project . , , , , , , . (1) Plant (, , , ) - FOB - Turnkey

Full Turnkey, Semi Turnkey (2) ( , (J/V)) - Joint & Several Contracts - Main, Sub-Contract - Parallel Contract - (3) - ()()() () - ( Deferred Payment) ()

Suppliers Credit Buyers Credit

. (4) - Lump Sum Escalation() Lump Sum Lump Sum Plus Unit Price

- Cost Plus Fee Cost Plus Fee Cost Plus Percent (%) Fee Cost Plus Sliding Fee

Cost Plus Fee Cost Plus Fee Bonus & Penalty Cost Plus Fee

2.2 Plant Plant (Tower), (Vessel), (Heat Exchanger), (Reactor), , , , , , , , . 2.2.1 () Plant , , , . , . () Engineering .(Prime Contractor) , , , , , . , ()() . 2.2.2 (1) Plant () () () . , Plant . , Plant Plant . Plant

Process , , , , , , , , , Plant Balance . Plant . , , , , , , , , (Expediting), (Inspection) . , . , , , (), , , , (Flushing), () . (2) () () Project , , , . 2 . , , , . ()() , , , , , , , , () . , , ()() () , . 2.3 2.3.1 , , , . 1 .

Project Management . Project Management Project , , Project Project ()() , () . --- . (1) Planning () . , , , , ( Site Mobilization) . . . (2) Scheduling Planning , , . (3) Monitoring (Progress) . . (4) Control . , . , , , , Plant () () . 2.4 Network 2.4.1 Network (1) Project Network Project . . a. . b. (Level) .

c. . , . () , . (2) (Owner), (Sub-contractor) , (Vendor) Network Logic (Duration) . Network . . (Bill of Material) . a. b. c. d.

e. . (3) Network . (Event Mode) a. (activity) . b. . c. . d. . e. (O) . f. . . (Activity) a. . b. . , , ,

. c. . . () ()() Dummy Activity Dummy Activity (..) () Activity . 2.4

(Normal Plan) . . (Activity) . (Critical Path) . Logic

. .

(1) . , , , . . , , . . , , () . * Project -- . . a. (Activity Time) b. c. d. e. f. . . Project . , , . . a. Cash Flow Plus . b.

c. (Opportunity Profit) d. e.