pk‑vXI‑w 56 u e¡‑w 4 ]©‑mb¯‑v hI‑p¸‑v {]k‑n²‑oIcW‑w Pqembv...

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Pqembv 2016 Pqembv 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 3]©mbØv cmPv 4PB 1

]‑pk‑vXI‑w 56 u e¡‑w 4 ]©‑mb¯‑v hI‑p¸‑v {]k‑n²‑oIcW‑w Pqembv 2016

k‑w‑{I‑a‑W‑¯‑n‑sâ ku-I-p-a-m-c-y-w

]©‑mbØ‑v c‑mP‑vPq‑embv 2016 D≈S°‑w

5 FU‑n‰d‑psS t]P‑v

6 tI-c-fw sh-fn-bn-S hn-kÀ-P-\-ap-à kw-Øm-\-am-Ipw sI.Sn. P-eoÂ

8 \n-b-a-k-`m- km-am-Pn-I-cpw X-t±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W-Øm-]-\-§-fpw tUm.-]n.-]n-._m-e³

17 ]n-t¶m-¡ B-Zn-hm-kn hn-I-k-\-hpw {]m-tZ-in-I kÀ-¡m-cp-I-fpw tUm. kpÀ-Pn-¯v.Fw

10 ssP-h-Ir-jn Im-e-L-«-¯n-sâ A-\n-hm-cy-X l-cn-{]n-b-tZ-hn

11 Im-hm-ew-- H-cp {]-Øm-\w h-«-¸-d-¼n-Â ]o-Xmw-_-c³

13 -ssk-_À tem-I-hpw \n-b-a-§-fpw AUz. A-JnÂ sP. N-{µ³

23 \-·-bp-sS ]-bÀ a-Wn-IÄ -- IY tdm-bv Nm-t¡m C-f-a-®qÀ

26 - I-hn-X-IÄ

27 --1969se P-\-\-þ-a-c-W c-Pn-kv-t{S-j³ B-Iv-Sn-sâ {]-tXy-I-X-I-fpw hy-h-Ø-I-fpw F-kv.kp-tZ-\³

28 -kw-{I-a-W-¯n-sâ ku-Ip-am-cyw hn.sI. {io-[-c³

29 N-¡- am-lm-ßyw sI.-BÀ. Pb³, FÂ. ]¦-Pm-£³

33 Po-hn-X-ssi-eo tcm-K \n-b-{ -W- n-\v N-¡-bpw N-¡ hn- -h-§-fpw tUm._n. ]-ß-Ip-amÀ

34 CXc kwØm\sXmgnemfn kulrZ ]©mb¯mbn awKem]pcw {Kma]©mb v awKem]pcw jm- n

35 D-d-hn-S am-en-\y-kw-kv-¡-c-Ww am-Xr-I-bm-bn X-t±-i-kz-bw- -c-W- h-Ip- p-a-{´n -tPym-Xn-jv a-Wm-tÈ-cn

38 am-am-¦-hpw {Xn-aqÀ- n-kw-K-a-hpw Sn.-hn. A-_v-Zp-d-ln-am³-Ip-«n

41 {Km-a-]-©m-b- v dn-t¸mÀ-«nw-Kv Bâ v tam-Wn-d-dn-dnw-Kv kn-Ìw \n-e-hnÂ h-¶p-

tI-c -f {K -m -a -] -©-m -b -¯- v

A-tk-m-k-n -tb-j-sâ t\-X-r -Xz -

¯-n-Â a-p-J-y-a-{´-n-b-v-¡-p-w , {]-X-n-

]-£ t\-X-m-h-n-\-p-w, a-ä-v a-{´-n-a-mÀ-

¡-p-w kz-o-I-c-W-w \-Â-I-n. "-X-t±-

i-kz-b-w -` -c -W Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p -w

[-\-Ø-n-X-n-b-p-w' F-¶ h-n-j-b-s¯

B-k-v-]-Z-a-m-¡-n {]-i-k-v-X k-m-¼-

¯-n-I i-m-k-v-{X-ÚÀ ]-s¦-S-p-¯

sk-a-n-\-m-d-p-w k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¨-p. sh-

f -f -b-¼-e-¯-p -f -f ]-©-m -b-¯- v

A-tk-m-k-n-tb-j³ l-m-f-n-Â \-S-¶

N-S-§-v a-p-J-y-a-{´-n ]-n-W-d-m-b-n h-n-

P-b³ D-X-v-L-m-S-\-w sN-b-v-X-p. {K-m-

a-]-©-m-b-¯-v A-tk-m-k-n-tb-j³

{]-k-n-U-|-v A-Uz: sI.X-p-f-k-n

S-o-¨À A-[-y-£-X h-l-n-¨-p. sk-

a-n-\-m-d-n-Â k-m-¼-¯-n-I h-n-Z-K-v -[³

tU-m.sI.F³.l-c-n -e-m-Â a-p -J-y

{]-`-m-j-W-w \-S-¯-n.

a-{ -n-a-m-c-m-b tU-m.sI.S-n.P-

e-o-Â, sI.sI.ssi-e-P, I-S-I-w-]-f-f-n

k-p-tc-{µ³, {]-X-n-]-£ t\-X-m-h-v c-ta-

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¯-v A-tk-m-k-n-tb-j³ {]-k-n-U-

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]-d-ª-p.

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t]©‑mbØ‑v c‑mP‑v]©‑m‑bØ‑v hI‑p∏‑v {]k‑n‑≤‑o‑I‑cW‑w

www.lsgkerala.gov.inPqembv 2016 | ]‑pk‑vXI‑w 56 | e°‑w 4 | h‑m¿j‑nI hc‑nk‑wJ‑y: `120

FU‑nt‰‑md‑nb¬

{Km -a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-sâ h-mÀ-j-n-I [-\-I-m-c-y ]-{X-n-I H-c-p k-m-¼-

¯-n-I hÀ-j-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¨-v I-g-n-ª-mÂ A-S-p-¯ sa-b-v 15\-v

a-p-¼-v tI-c-f k-w-Ø-m-\ B-U-n-ä-v h-I-p-¸-n-\-v k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-W-sa-

¶-p-w, B-U-n-ä-v h-I-p-¸-v [-\-I-m-c-y ]-{X-n-I ]-c-n-ti-m-[-\-b-v-¡-v h-n-t[-b-

a-m-¡-n H-I-v-tS-m-_À 31\-I-w B-U-n-ä-v kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-v ]-p-d-s¸-S-p-h-n-¡-W-

sa-¶-p-a-m-W-v tI-c-f ]-©-m-b-¯-v c-m-P-v A-¡u-|-v-k-v N-«-§Ä 2011Â

h-y-h-Ø sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. Cu N-«-§Ä \-n-e-h-nÂ h-c-p-¶-X-n-\-v a-p-¼-v

P-q-sse 31\-I-w [-\-I-m-c-y ]-{X-n-I k-aÀ-¸-n-¨-mÂ a-X-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

F-¶-mÂ 2015þ2016 hÀ-j-s¯ h-mÀ-j-n-I [-\-I-m-c-y ]-{X-n-I h-f-sc-¡-p-

d-¨-v {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ a-m-{X-ta k-aÀ-¸-n-¨-n-«-f-f-p. a-ä-p-f-f-hÀ A-X-v

X-¿-m-d-m-¡-m-\-p-f-f X-o-{h-{i-a-¯-n-e-p-a-m-W-v. h-k-v-X-p \-n-I-p-X-n ]-c-n-j-v-I-

c-W-¯-n-se a-m-ä-§Ä I-m-c-W-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b U-n-a-mâ-v X-¿-m-d-m-¡-m³

I-m-e-X-m-a-k-a-p-|-m-b-n-«-p-|-v-v.

2011se A-¡u-|-v-k-v N-«-§Ä A-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v 2011þ2012 a-p-XÂ h-mÀ-

j-n-I [-\-I-m-c-y ]-{X-n-I k-m-w-J-y-tk-m-^-v-ä-v-sh-bÀ D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-m-W-v

X-¿-m-d-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-¯-c-¯-nÂ {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n-se A-¡u-

|-n-w-K-v k-{¼-Z-m-b-w a-m-ä-p-I-b-p-w A-{I-q-hÂ A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-¡-n-b-p-

f-f U-_-nÄ F³-{S-n A-¡u-|-n-w-K-v B-¹-n-t¡-j-\-m-b k-m-w-J-y

\-n-e-h-nÂ h-c-n-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-tX-m-sS ]-|-s¯ I-W-s¡-g-p-¯-n-sâ

N-n-{X-sa-m-s¡ C-X-v a-m-ä-n-a-d-n-¨-p. a-p³-]-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b I-W-¡-p-IÄ k-q-

£-n-¡-m-¯-X-p I-m-c-W-w h-mÀ-j-n-I [-\-I-m-c-y-]-{X-n-I b-Y-m-k-a-b-w

k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-m-sX h-c-n-I-b-p-w C-X-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v ]-c-n-ti-m-[-\

b-Y-m-k-a-b-w \-nÀ-h-l-n-¡-m³ B-U-n-ä-v h-I-p- -n-\-v I-g-n-b-m-sX h-c-n-I-b-p-w

sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p. X-p-SÀ-¶-v 2005þ2006 hÀ-j-¯-nÂ kÀ-¡-mÀ C-¡-m-c-y-

-nÂ I-mÀ-¡-i-y \-n-e-]-m-sS-S-p-¡-p-I-b-p-w h-mÀ-j-n-I [-\-I-m-c-y-]-{X-n-I

k-aÀ- -n-¡-m³ a-p-S-¡-a-p-|-m-b-n-c-p-¶ {K-m-a-]-©-m-b- -p-IÄ F-Ã-m-w I-p-

S-n-È-n-I tP-m-e-n-IÄ X-oÀ-¯-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n [-\-I-m-c-y ]-{X-n-I-IÄ k-aÀ-

¸-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-tX-m-sS tI-c-f-¯-n-se {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-sf

k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-S-p-t¯-m-f-w A-X-v H-c-p h-g-n-¯-n-c-n-h-m-b-n. X-p-SÀ-¶-v A-¡u-

|-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¨ I-m-c-y-§Ä a-m-{X-w ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n

2009 a-p-XÂ F-Ã-m {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n-e-p-w H-m-tc-m A-¡u-|â-v

X-k-v-X-n-I I-q-S-n k-r-j-v-S-n-¨-tX-m-sS I-m-c-y-§Ä I-q-S-p-XÂ F-f-p-¸-¯-n-

e-m-b-n. I-W-¡-v F-g-p-X-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w k-q-£-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w a-m-{X-a-m-b-n H-c-p

N-p-a-X-e-¡-m-c-\-p-a-m-b-n. B-b-X-n-\-p ti-j-w F-Ã-m {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-

f-p-w k-a-b-_-Ô-n-X-a-m-b-n h-mÀ-j-n-I [-\-I-m-c-y-]-{X-n-I-IÄ X-¿-m-d-m-¡-n

k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p-|-v-v.

Cu L-«-¯-nÂ h-mÀ-j-n-I [-\-I-m-c-y-]-{X-n-I-b-n-se I-W-¡-p-I-f-p-w

A-\-p-_-Ô c-P-n-Ì-d-p-I-f-n-se I-W-¡-p-I-f-p-w X-p-I-I-f-p-w s]-m-c-p- -s -

S-p-¶ \-n-e-b-n-e-m-¡-m³ G-h-c-p-w {]-tX-y-I-w {i-²-n-¡-W-w. A-¡u-|-n-w-

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I-r-X-y-a-m-¡-m³ a-m-{X-a-Ã, `-m-h-n-b-nÂ h-n-h-n-[ ^-|-v e-`-y-X-b-v-¡-p-w

B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v.

k‑‑n.F. e‑X sF.F.Fk‑‑v.

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A‑wKßƒ

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kn.F. e‑X sF.F.Fkv.

]©‑mbØ‑v UbdI‑vS¿

FU‑n‑‰¿

kn.F. e‑X sF.F.Fkv.

email: [email protected]: 0471-2323286

Ak‑nÃ‚‑v FU‑n‰¿

kXo-jv Ip-amÀ Pn.sI.

email: [email protected]: 0471-2321280Mob: 9496047036

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[email protected]

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k¿°‑mc‑nt‚X‑mb‑nc‑n°Wsa∂‑n√.

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ta¬h‑n‑e‑mk‑wFU‑n‑‰¿

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tI-c-fw sh-fn-bn-S hn-kÀ-P-\-ap-à

kw-Øm-\-am-Ipw

N-n-Xz-h-p-w k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz-h-p-w

kz-I-m-c-y -X-b-p -w D-d-¸-p -\Â-

I-p-¶ h-n-kÀ-P-\-ku-I-c-y-§-

sf-¡-p-d-n-¨-v i-c-m-i-c-n C-´-y³ ]

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c-W I-m-e-¯-n-\-p-¸-p-d-a-p-Å kz-m-X-

{´-y-h-m-R-v-Otb-m-f-w ]-g-¡-a-p-|-v.

A-X-p-sI-m-|-m-W-tÃ-m, "h-n-kÀ-P-\-

ku-I-c-y-¯-n-\-p-X-I-p-¶ a-d-¸-p-c-IÄ

H-m-tc-m-c-p ¯À-¡-p-w e-`-y-a-m-I-p-t¼-m-

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h-n-kÀ-Ö-\-w A-h-n-I-k-n-X-m-h-Ø-

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j-n-¸-p-I-f-n-se-m-¶-m-W-v. C-´-y-b-n-se

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i-m-k-v-{X-k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y-I-f-n-e-pÄ-

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c-f -¯-n -sâ A-h-Ø C-¶-s¯

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a-d-b-n -Ã-m-sX 'a-d-b- v -¡-n -c-p -¶'I-m-

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e-p-w \-½-p-sS k-w-Ø-m-\-s¯ 4%

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C-X-v X-p-te-m-w \-n-Ê-m-c-a-m-sW-¶-v tX-m-

¶-m-w. ]-t£, tI-c-f- -n-se D-bÀ-¶

P-\-k-m-{µ-X ]-c-n-K-W-n-¡-p-t¼-mÄ

{]-i-v-\-w Ku-c-h-ta-d-n-b-X-m-sW-¶-v

F-f-p-¸-w t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-w. Cu kÀ-

¡-m-c-n-sâ {]-J-y-m-]-n-X e-£-y-§-

f-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w {]-[-m-\-s¸-«-h-b-m-W-v

k-¼-qÀ-®-i-p-N-n-Xz-h-p-w k-¼-qÀ-®

]-mÀ-¸-n-S-ku-I-c-y-h-p-w. k-¼-qÀ-®-i-p-

N-n-Xz-w F-¶ e-£-y-w ssI-h-c-n-¡-m³

Pqembv3]©mbØv cmPv 46


sh-f-n-b-n-S-h-n-kÀ-P-\ \-nÀ-a-mÀ-P-\-w

I-q-S-n k-m-[-y-a-m-th-|-X-p-|-v. ku-

I-c-y-a-p-|-m-b-n-«-p-t]-m-e-p-w sh-f-n-b-n-S-

§-f-nÂ h-n-kÀ-P-\-w \-S-¯-p-¶ H-c-p

sN-d-n-b h-n-`-m-K-w C-t¸-m-g-p-a-p-|-v.

i-à-a-m-b t_-m-[-hÂ-¡-c-W-]-

c-n-]-m-S-n-I-f-n-e-q-sS th-c-q-¶-n-t¸-m-b

A-¯-c-w i-o-e-§Ä ]-n-g-p-X-p-a-m-ä-m³

Cu h-n- -m-K-w B-f-p-I-sf k-l-m-b-n-¡-

W-w. A-¯-c-w t_-m-[-hÂ-¡-c-W-w

^-e-{]-Z-a-m-¡-m³ P-\-I-o-b-]-¦-m-f-n-

¯-w I-q-S-n-tb X-o-c-q.

H-m-tc-m hÀ-j-w ]-n-¶-n-S-p-w-tX-m-

d-p -w P-e-P-\-y-tc-m-K-§-sf A-{]-

X-n-tc-m-[-y-a-m-¡-p-w-h-n-[-w i-p-²-P-e-

£-m-a-w c-q-£-a-m-b-n-s¡-m-|-n-c-n-¡-p-

¶-p. tI-c-f-¯-n-se a-q-¶-n-se-m-c-p

-m-K-w I-p-S-n-sh-Å-t{k-m-X-Ê-p-I-f-n-e-p-w

C-tI-m-f-n _-m-Î-o-c-n-b-b-p-sS k-m-¶-n-

²-y-a-p-s|-¶-v I-W-¡-p-IÄ k-q-N-n-¸-n-

¡-p-¶-p. X-p-d-k-m-b Ø-e-§-f-n-se

a-e-h-n-kÀ-P-\-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v C-X-n-\-v

a-p-J-y-tl-X-p-h-m-I-p-¶-X-v. a-\-p-j-y-h-n-

kÀ-P-\-w k-q-£-v-a-h-p-w k-p-c-£-n-X

h-p-a-m-b c-o-X-n-b-nÂ ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-

b-v-X-n-sÃ-¦-n-e-p-|-m-I-p-¶ -h-n-j-y- -p-

IÄ -o-I-c-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. Cu t_-m-[-y

¯-n-e-m-W-v k-¼-qÀ-® sh-f-n-b-n-S-h-n-

kÀ-Ö-\ a-p-à k-w-Ø-m-\-sa-¶

e-£-y-w ssI-h-c-n -¡-m-\-p-X-I-p-¶

]-²-X-n-IÄ X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W-h-I-p-

¸-v B-h-n-j-v-¡-c-n-¨-v \-S-¸-m-¡-p-¶-X-v.

i-p-N-n-Xz-w B-tc-m-K-y-w F-¶-n-h

D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p ]-p-d-sa ]

u-c-·-m-c-p-sS A-´-Ê-n-sâ-b-p-w kz-I-m-

c-y-X-b-p-sS-b-p-w k-w-c-£-W-w I-q-S-n

k-¼-qÀ-® sh-f-n-¼-p-d h-n-kÀ-P-\

\-nÀ-½-mÀ-P-\ b-Ú-w e-£-y-w sh-

b-v-¡-p-¶-p-|-v. s]-m-X-p C-S-§-f-nÂ

k-v-{X-o ]-p-c-p-j kz-I-m-c-y-X D-d-¸-p-h-

c-p-¯-p-¶ X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å a-d-¸-p-c-IÄ

k-Ö-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v X-t±-i-kz-

b-w-`-c-W-h-I-p-¸-v a-p-´-n-b ]-c-n-K-W-\

\Â-I-n-h-c-p-¶-p.

sh-Å-s¡-«-p-Å Ø-e-§-f-nÂ

I-¡-q-k-v ku-I-c-y-sa-m-c-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-

\-v \-n-c-h-[-n {]-X-n-_-Ô-§-f-p-|-v.

`-q-KÀ-` P-e-t{k-m-X-Ê-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w

a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä F-f-p-¸-w I-e-c-m-\-n-

S-h-c-p-¶ C-¯-c-w {]-tZ-i-§-f-nÂ

D-N-n-X-h-p-w i-m-k-v-{X-n-b-h-p-a-m-b k-m-

t¦-X-n-I-h-n-Z-y-b-p-sS k-l-m-b-t -m-sS

th-W-w I-¡-q-k-p-IÄ \-nÀ-½-n-¡-m³.

C-h-n-S-§-f-nÂ ssP-h-I-¡-q-k-p-I-f-p-

sS-b-p-w sk-]-v-tä-P-v h-n-Z-y-b-p-sS-b-p-w

k-m-[-y-X-IÄ ]-c-a-m-h-[-n {]-tb-m-P-\

s¸-S-p-¯-W-w.

I-¡-q-k-v \-nÀ-½-m-W-¯-n-\-v H-m-

tc-m K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-h-n-\-p-w 15400/- c-q-

].b-p-sS [-\-k-l-m-b-¯-n-\-v AÀ-l-

X-b-p-|-v. C-X-nÂ 12000/- c-q-] tI-{µ-

kÀ-¡-m-c-n-sâ kz-Ñ- -m-c-X-v \-n-[-n-b-nÂ

\-n-¶-p-w 3400/- c-q-] ]-©-m-b-¯-n-

sâ ]-²-X-n-\-n-[-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-a-m-W-v

\Â-I-p-¶-X-v. tI-{µ-h-n-l-n-X-w e-`-n-

¡-p-¶-X-nÂ I-m-e-X-m-a-k a-p-s|-

¦-nÂ ]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ-¡-v ]-²-X-n-

\-n-[-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-X-s¶ a-p-g-p-h³

X-p-I-b-p-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

^-|-n-sâ ZuÀ-e-`-y-w N-q-|-n-¡-m-

W-n-¨-v H-c-p ]-©-m-b-¯-p-w Cu a-l-

-m-b b-Ú-s¯ l-c-n- -p-I-f-b-m³

]-m-S-n-Ã.

k-¼-qÀ -® sh-f - n -b - n -S h - n -

kÀ-Ö-\ a-p-à ]-Z-h-n t\-S-m³

H-c-p ]-©-m-b-¯-n-se 100% h-o-S-p-I-

f-n-e-p-w ]-©-m-b-¯-p-]-c-n-[-n-b-n-se

A-w-K-\-h-m-S-n-IÄ DÄ-s¸-sS-b-p-Å

F-Ã-m h-n-Z-y-m-e-b-§-f-n-e-p-w I-¡-q-

k-v ku-I-c-y-w D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-W-w.

C-X-n-\-p-]-p-d-sa ]-©-m-b-¯-n-e-p-S-

\-o-f-w D-bÀ-¶ \-n-e-h-m-c-¯-n-e-p-Å

i-p-N-n-Xz-w \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-p I-b-p-w th-

W-w. taÂ-¸-d-ª a-m-\-Z-Þ-§Ä

]-m-e-n-¨-p-sh-¶-v D-d-¸-p-h-¶-mÂ H-c-p

]-©-m-b-¯-n-\-v kz-´-w \-n-e-b-nÂ

{]-tX-y-I k-t½-f-\-w h-n-f-n-¨-p-tNÀ-

¯-v X-§Ä k-¼-qÀ-® sh-f-n-b-n-S

h-n -kÀ-Ö-\ a-p-à ]-©-m-b-¯-v

F-¶ ]-Z-h-n t\-S-n-b-X-m-b-n {]-J-y-m-

]-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v. a-m-\-Z-Þ-a-m-b-n

\-n-Ý-b-n-¨ ku-I-c-y §Ä D-d-¸-h-

c-p-¯-n-b-n-«-p-t|-m F-¶-v P-n-Ã-m-k-w-

Ø-m-\-X-e ]-c-n-ti-m-[-I-k-w-L-w

h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-w.

B-e-¸-p -g P-n -Ã-b-n -se a-p -l-

½-b-m-W- v B-Z-y -s¯ sh-f-n -b-n -S

h-n -kÀ-Ö-\ a-p-à ]-©-m-b-¯-v

F-¶ ]-Z-h-n t\-S-n-b-X-v. X-p-SÀ-¶-v

tI-m-«-¡Â, I-«-¸-\ F-¶-o \-K-c-

k-`-IÄ-¡-p-w X-m-sg ]-d-b-p-¶ 22

]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ-¡-p-w I-q-S-n {]-k-v-

X-p-X ]-Z-h-n e-`-n-¨-p.

]-q-ª-mÀ, X-n-c-p-a-m-d-m-S-n, sI-m-S-p-

¼-v, X-n-c-p-a-n-ä-t¡-m-S-v, s]-m³-a-p-|-w,

h-f-h-¶-qÀ, a-m-§-m-«-n-S-w, sN-m-¢-n,

a-p-g-p-¸-n-e-§-m-S-v, \-y-q-a-m-l-n, ]-n-W-d-m-

b-n, ]-m-S-y-w, I-X-n-c-qÀ, tI-m-f-t¨-c-n,

F-c-tª-m-f-n, I-S-¼-qÀ, ]-¶-y-¶-qÀ,

[À-a-S-w, th-§-m-S-v, A-©-c-¡-|-n,

I-p-t¶-m-¯-p-]-d-¼-v, I-p-ä-y-m-«-qÀ, sN-

¼-n-te-m-S-v, N-n-«-m-c-n-¸-d-¼-v, C-c-n-¡-qÀ,

a-e-¸-«-w, X-r-¸-t§-m-«-qÀ.

P-m-X-n a-X I-£-n-c-m-{ã-o-b t`-

Z-sa-t\-y a-l-¯-m-b Cu b-Ú-

k-m-^-e-y-¯-n-\-m-b-n ssI-tI-mÀ-¯

taÂ-¸-d-ª ]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-n-se

H-m-tc-m ]u-c³-a-m-sc-b-p-w P-\-{]-X-n-

\-n-[-n-I-sf-b-p-w s]-m-X-p-{]-hÀ-¯-I

sc-b-p-w D-Z-t-y-m-K-Ø-sc-b-p-w F-sâ

l-r-Z-b-w-K-a-a-m-b A-`-n-\-µ-\-w A-d-n-

b-n-¡-s«. H-m-tc-m ]-©-m-b-¯-n t\-

b-p-w sh-f-n-b-n-S h-n-kÀ-P-\-a-p-à-a-m-

¡-m-\-p-Å b-Ú-w tI-h-e-w ]-Z-h-n

t\-«-¯-nÂ H-X-p-¡-c-p-X-v. t\-S-n-b

]-Z-h-n \-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-m³ t_-m-[-hÂ-

I-c-W - {]-N-c-W ]-c-n-]-m-S-n-IÄ X-p-

S-tc-|-X-v A-X-y-m-h-i-y-a-m-W-v.

2016 se tI-c-f-¸-n-d-h-n Z-n-\-

¯-nÂ _-l-p. a-p-J-y-a-{ -n ]nW-dm-bn

hn-Pb³ tI-c-f-s¯ k-¼-qÀ-®

sh-f-n-b-n-S-h-n-kÀ-Ö-\ a-p-à k-w-

Ø-m-\-a-m-b-n {]-J-y-m-]-n-¡-m-\-n-c-n-¡-

b-m-W-v. A-t¸-m-tg-¡-p-w c-|-p-e-£-w

I-¡-q-k-p-IÄ I-q-S-n h-n-h-n-[ ]-©-m-b-

¯-p-I-f-n -se K-p -W-t`-m-à-m-¡Ä

\-nÀ-½-n-¨-p-sh-¶-v D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-W-w.

H-«-p-w I-m-e-h-n-f-w-_-a-n-Ã-m-sX A-X-n-\-m-

h-i-y-a-m-b [-\-k-l-m-b-w h-n-X-c-W-w

sN-¿-W-w. `-m-c-n-¨ Cu D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-

Xz-w k-a-b-_-Ô-n-X a-m-b-n \-nÀ-h-l-n-

¡-m³ X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-

§-f-n-se H-m-tc-m P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-b-p-w

D-Z-t-y-m-K-Ø-c-p-w {]-X-n-Ú-m-_-²-

c-m-W-v. ssZ-h-¯-n-sâ kz-´-w \-m-S-v

F-¶-v J-y-m-X-n A-tX AÀ-°-¯-nÂ

\-n-e-\-nÀ-¯-m³ Cu b-Ú-¯-n-sâ

h-n-P-b-w \-s½ {]-m-]-v-X-a-m-¡-p-sa-¶-v

D-d-¸-m-W-v. A-X-n-\-v G-h-c-p-sS-b-p-w

B-ß-mÀ-°-a-m-b k-l-I-c-W-w {]-X-o-

£-n-¡-p-¶-p.

Pqembv 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 7


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§Ä-¡-v t\-X-r-Xz-w \-e-v-I-p-¶

\-n-b-a-k-`-m-k-m-a-m-P-n-IÀ-¡-v F-¶-p-w

A-w-K-o-I-m-c-a-p-|-v.- I-£-n-c-m-j-v-{S-o-b-

-n-\-X-o-X-a-m-b-n P-\-§-f-p-sS _-l-p-

a-X-n-b-p-w ]-n-´-p-W-b-p-w A-hÀ BÀ-

Ö-n-¡-p-¶-p. H-c-p- h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯Â

{]-{I-n-b-b-nÂ \-n-tb-m-P-I-a-W-v -U-

e-¯-nÂ F-w.-FÂ.F \-S-¸-n -e-m-

¡-n-b h-n-I-k-\ {]-hÀ- -\-§-f-m-W-v

F-t¸-m-g-p-w C-S-w ]-n-S-n-¡-p-I. \-n-b-

a-k-`-m-k-m-a-m-P-n-I-sc k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-n-

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c-n-s¡ k-`-¡-v A-I-¯-p-w ]-p-d-¯-p-w

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AÀ-l-n-¡-p-¶ {]-m-[-m-\-y-w e-`-n-¡-m-

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h-n-I-k-\ ^-|-v 2001 a-p-XÂ-¡-m-W-v

tI-c-f-¯-nÂ F-w.FÂ.F a-mÀ-¡-v

\Â-I-n X-p-S-§-n-b-X-v. -c-W-L-S-\-b-p-

sS 11, 12 sj-U-y-qÄ {]-I-m-c-w X-t±-

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c-W-w b-Y-mÀ-°-y-a-m-b tI-c-f-w t]-m-

e-p-Å k-w-Ø-m-\-§Ä-¡-v C-¯-c-w

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tI-|-X-m-W-v-v.

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e-w ]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-sf-t¸-m-se-sb-m

a-p-\-n-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n-I-sf-t¸-m-se-sb-m

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k-\-b-q-W-n-ä-p-I-f-m-b-n-a-m-d-n-b-n-«-p-|-v.

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h-c-p-¯-m³ t\-X-r-Xz-]-c-a-m-b ]-¦-v

h-l-n-¡-m³ k-m-[-n-¡-p-w. h-n-h-n-[

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a-m-b-n I-q-S-n B-te-m-N-n-¨-v h-n-I-k-

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e-m-¡-p-t¼-mÄ A-X-nÂ C-S-s]-«-p

sI-m-|-v k-a-{K-X ssI-h-c-n-¡-m-\-p-w

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§Ä \-nÀ-t±-i-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. X-t±-i-kz-

b-w-`-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§-sf h-n-I-k-\

b-q-W-n-ä-m-b-n I-|-p-sI-m-|-p-Å h-n-

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Ø-m-b-n-b-m-b h-n-I-k-\-]-²-X-n-IÄ

C-Ã-m-¯ A-h-Ø-b-m-W-n-¶-v \-n-e-

\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-X-p sI-m-|-v-X-s¶

I-q-S-p-XÂ _-r-l-¯-p-w Z-oÀ-L-h-n-£-

W-t¯-m-sS-b-p-Å ]-²-X-n-IÄ c-q-

]-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-v K-p-W-]-c-a-m-b

t\-X-r-Xz-w B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. A-X-v \-n-b-

a-k-`-m-k-m-a-m-P-n-IÀ-¡-v {]-Z-m-\-w sN-

¿-m³-I-g-n-b-W-w. 25 e-£-w c-q-]-b-nÂ

X-p-S-§-n-b F-w.-FÂ.F a-mÀ-¡-p-Å

{]-tX-y-I h-n-I-k-\ -|-v C-¶-v H-c-p

tI-m-S-n c-q-]-b-nÂ F- -n-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p.

I-q-S-m-sX 2012-13 I-m-e-L-«-¯-nÂ

B-c-w- -n- B-k-v-X-n-h-n-I-k-\- -|-n-\-

¯-nÂ 5 tI-m-S-n- c-q-]-b-p-w H-m-tc-m hÀ-

j-h-p-w \-n-b-a-k-`-m-k-m-a-m-P-n-IÀ-¡-v

e-`-n-¡-p-¶-p-|-v. X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W-

Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS k-l-I-c-W-t¯-m-

sS h-e-n-b ]-²-X-n-IÄ B-h-n-j-v-¡-c-n-

¨-v C-¯-c-w -|-p-I-f-p-sS h-n-\-n-tb-m-

K-w D-d-¸-v h-c-p-t¯-|-X-m-b-n-«-p-|-v.

F-w.-FÂ.F a-mÀ-¡-v e- -n-¡-p-¶ c-|-v

X-c- -n-e-p-Å h-n-I-k-\ -|-p-I-f-p-w

td-m-U-p-IÄ, ]-m-e-§Ä, I-p-S-n-sh-

Å-h-n-X-c-W-w, B-i-p-]-{X-n, h-n-Z-y-m-

`-y-m-k-Ø-m-]-\-§Ä F-¶-n-h-b-p-sS

h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-\-p-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-

X-m-W-v. I-q-S-n-b-m-te-m-N-\-I-f-n-e-q-sS


]-²-X-n-I-f-p-a-m-b-n C-h k-w-tb-m-P-n-¸-n-

¡-p-t¼-mÄ B \-n-tb-m-P-I-a-W-v-U-

e-¯-n-se Ø-m-b-n-b-m-b h-n-I-k-\

e-£-y-w ssI-h-c-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-p--w.

{]-m-tZ-i-n-I-m-h-i-y-w a-p³-\-nÀ- -n

_-r-l-¯-m-b ]-²-X-n-IÄ B-h-n-j-v-

¡-c-n- -v t{]-m-P-I-v-S-p-IÄ k-aÀ- -n- -mÂ

tI-{µ k-w-Ø-m-\ K-h¬-saâ-p-I-

f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w - -|-v I-s|- -p-h-m³

I-g-n-b-p-w. \-n-tb-m-P-I-a-W-v-U-e A-S-n-

Ø-m-\- -n-e-p-w H-¶-n-te-sd \-n-tb-m-P-

I-a-W-v-U-e-§Ä I-q-«-m-b-p-w C- -c-w

{]-hÀ- -\-§Ä \-S- -m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-þ-B-tc-m-K-y-þ-I-mÀ-j-n-I

ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ C-X-n-\-I-w X-s¶ X-t±-

i-kz-b-w- -c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-sS k-l-

I-c-W-t -m-sS N-n-e \-n-b-a-k- -m-a-W-v-

U-e-§-f-n-se-¦-n-e-p-w-a-m-X-r-I-m-]-c-a-m-b-n

]-c-n-]-m-S-n-IÄ \-S- -n-h-c-p-¶-p-|-v.

h-n-h-n-[ ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ k-¼-qÀ-

®-X ssI-h-c-n-¡-m-\-p-Å Zu-X-y-a-m-

W-v th-sd-m-¶-v. H-c-p A-k-w-»-n-\-n-tb-m-

P-I-a-W-v -U-e-w I-p-S-n-sh-Å-¯-nÂ

k-¼-qÀ-®-X ssI-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v

]-²-X-n X-¿-m-d-m-¡-p-t¼-mÄ A-X-v

k-m-[-y-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v \-n-tb-m-P-I-a-W-v-U-

e-]-c-n-[-n-b-nÂ h-c-p-¶ F-Ã-m X-t±-i-

kz-b-w-`-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-w k-w-b-p-

à-a-m-b-n t{]-m-P-I-v-S-p-IÄ X-¿-m-d-m-

¡-p-t¼-m-g-m-W-v. k-¼--qÀ-® ]-mÀ-¸-n-S

{]-i-v-\-h-p-w Cu h-g-n-b-n-e-q-sS e-£-y-w

ssI-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-¯-c-w h-n-I-k-\

e-£-y-§Ä I-s|-¯-p-I-b-p-w X-t±-

i-kz-b-w-`-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§Ä A-X-n-

\-\-p-k-r-X-a-m-b-n ]-²-X-n-IÄ X-¿-m-

d-m-¡-p-I-b-p-w th-W-w. -£-y-k-p-c-£,

]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n k-w-c-£-W-w, ssP-h-I-r-

j-n, sN-d-p-I-n-S-P-e-tk-N-\-]-²-X-n-

IÄ, DuÀ-Ö-k-p-c-£, ]-mÂ, a-p-«

F-¶-n-h-b-p-sS DÂ-]-m-Z-\-¯-nÂ kz-

b-w-]-c-y-m-]-v-X-X, k-¼-qÀ-®-]-mÀ- -n-S-w,

P-o-h-n-X-ssi-e-n tc-m-K-\-n-b-{´-W-w

F-¶-n-h C-X-nÂ N-n-e-X-m-W-v. a-m-e-n-

\-y-a-p-à-a-W-v-U-e-w, P-e-k-w-c-£-W-w

F-¶-o e-£-y--w ssI-h-c-n-¡-p-h-m³

h-n-]-p-e-a-m-b I-y-m-¼-b-n³ {]-hÀ-¯-

\-a-m-W-p-N-n-X-w. D-d-h-n-S-a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-

¡-c-W-t -m-sS-m- -w \-n-tb-m-P-I-a-W-v-

U-e-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-r-X

k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-a-m-I-m-w.i-n-i-p-þ-k-v-

{X-o ku-l-r-Z-a-W-v-U-e-w, h-tb-m-P-

\-þ-`-n-¶-ti-j-n ku-l-r-Z-a-W-v-U-e-w

F-¶-o e-£-y-§-tf-m-sS-b-p-Å ]-c-n-

]-m-S-n-I-f-p-w B-h-n-j-v-¡-c-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-

X-m-W-v. \-n-tb-m-P-I-a-W-v-U-e-w A-S-n-

Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ k-w-k-v-¡-m-c-n-I I-q-

«-m-b-v-a-I-f-p-w I-mÀ-j-n-I-þ-h-y-h-k-m-b

ta-f-I-f-p-w k-w-L-S-n-¸-n-¡-m-w.

h-n-]-p-e-a-m-b U-m-ä-m-ti-J-c-W-

¯-n-e-q-sS \-n-tb-m-P-I-a-W-v-U-e-w h-n-

I-k-\ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-p-w a-m-ÌÀ ¹-m-\-p-w

X-¿-m-d-m-¡-p-¶-X-v A-`-n-I-m-a-y-a-m-b-n-

c-n-¡-p-w. {]-k-v-X-p-X a-m-ÌÀ ¹-m³


¹-m-\-p-a-m-b-n k-w-tb-m-P-n-¡-s¸-tS-|-

X-m-b-n-«-p-|-v. A-§-s\ h-c-p-t¼-mÄ

A-X-v k-a-{K-a-m-b P-n-Ã-m-]-²-X-n c-q-]-o-

I-c-W-s¯ k-p-K-a-a-m-¡-p-¶-p. h-n-I-

k-\-]-c-n-t{]-j-y-w c-q-]-s -S-p- -p-¶-X-v

h-mÀ-U-v sa-¼À-a-mÀ DÄ-¸-sS-b-p-Å

F-Ã-m P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w I-q-

«-m-b-v-a-b-n-e-q-sS B-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w. C- -

c-w P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-k-` hÀ-j-¯-nÂ

c-|-v {]-m-h-i-y-sa-¦-n-e-p-w \-n-tb-m-

P-I-a-W-v -U-e A-S-n -Ø-m-\-¯-nÂ

tb-m-K-w tNÀ-¶-v Ø-n-X-n-h-n-h-c-§Ä

h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-W-w. A-X-v \-n-tb-m-P-I-

a-W-v-U-e-¯-n-se "-{K-m-a-k-`-b-m-b-n-'

\-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-W-w. X-t±-i-kz-b-w- -c-W-

Ø-m-]-\-§-f-n-te-X-p t]-m-se \-n-tb-m-

P-I-a-W-v -U-e-h-n-I-k-\ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v

X-¿-m-d-m-¡-n h-n-I-k-\ sk-a-n-\-mÀ

\-S-¯-n s]-m-X-p-P-\ A-w-K-o-I-m-c-w

h-m-§-p-¶-X-v k-p-X-m-c-y-a-m-b {]-hÀ-

¯-\-§Ä-¡-v h-g-n-sb-m-c-p-¡-p-w. F-w.

FÂ.F a-m-c-p-sS t\-X-r-Xz-¯-nÂ

X-t±-i-kz-b-w- -c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§-f-n-se

A-²-y-£-c-p-sS Ì-n-b-d-n-w-K-v I-½-n-ä-n-

tb-m-K-w h-mÀ-j-n-I- IÀ-½-]-²-X-n-¡-v

c-q-]-w \Â-tI-|-X-p-a-p-|-v. H-m-tc-m

B-d-v a-m-k-h-p-w Ì-n-b-d-n-w-K-v I-½-n-ä-n-

IÄ tb-m-K-w tNÀ-¶-v {]-hÀ-¯-\-

§Ä h-n-e-b-n-c-p-¯-s«.

X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-

§Ä A-h-b-p-sS {]-hÀ- -\-§-f-nÂ

A-t\-I-w {]-i-v-\-§-f-p-w sh-Ã-p-h-n-

f-n-I-f-p-w t\-c-n-S-p-¶-p-|-v. ]-e I-m-c-y-

§-f-n-e-p-w \-b-]-c-a-m-b X-o-c-p-a-m-\-w

B-h-i-y-a-m-W-v. C- -c- -nÂ {]-m-tZ-

i-n-I P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-f-p-sS I-q-«-m-b-v-a

\-n-b-a-k- -m-k-m-a-m-P-n-I-c-p-sS t\-X-r-Xz-

-nÂ c-q-]-s -S-p-t¼-mÄ {]-m-tZ-i-n-I

kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ A- -n-a-p-J-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶

{]-i-v-\-§Ä-¡-v ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-p-|-m-¡-m-\-p-w

I-g-n-b-p-w. \-b-]-c-a-m-b C-S-s]-S-e-n-e-q-sS

A-[-n-I-m-c-h-n-tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w I-q-S-p-XÂ

-e-{]-Z-a-m-¡-m-\-p-w k-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-p.

teJ-I³ In-e U-b-d-Î-dmWv

Pqembv 20163]©mbØv cmPv 4 9


` £-W-w sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶

H-c-p I-m-e-L-«-¯-nÂ a-\-p-j-y-

c-m-i-n-sb X-o-ä-n-t]-m-ä-p-I F-¶ D-t±-

i-y-t¯-m-sS \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n-b l-c-n-X

h-n-¹-h-w H-c-p h³-h-n-P-b-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.-

F-¶-mÂ hÀ-j-§Ä I-g-n-ª-t -mÄ

A-[-nI-c-n-¨ c-m-k-h-f-§-f-p-sS-b-p-w

c-m-k-I-o-S-\-m-i-n-\-n-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w tZ-m-j-

h-i-§-sf-¡-p-d-n- -v a-\-p-j-yÀ-¡-v t_-m-

²-y-s¸-S-p-I-b-p-w A-¯-c-w tZ-m-j-§-

f-n-Ã-m-¯ H-c-p I-r-j-n c-o-X-n A-X-nÂ

\-n-¶-v D-S-se-S-p-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

1993Â tI-{µ I-r-j-n -a-{´-m-e-b-w

\-n-tb-m-K-n-¨ I-½-n-ä-n C-¡-m-c-y-§Ä

]-c-n-ti-m-[-n- -v i-p-]-mÀ-i \Â-I-p-I-b-p-

|-m-b-n.- A-X-n-\-\-p-k-c-n-¨-p-Å {]-hÀ-

¯-\-§Ä \-S-¶-p h-c-p-¶-p.

F-´-m-W-v ssP-h-I-r-j-n?I-r-X-n-a c-m-k-h-f-§-f-p-w, I-o-S-\-m-

i-n-\-n-I-f-p-w D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-sX ssP-

h-h-f-§-f-m-b I-m-e-n h-f-w, I-t¼-m-Ì-v

,]-¨-n-e-h-f-§Ä ,a-ä-p ssP-h-h-k-v-X-p-

¡Ä F-¶-n-h D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v I-r-j-n

sN-¿-p-I-b-p-w I-o-S-\-n-b-{´-W-¯-n-\-v

ssP-h-I-o-S-\-n-b-{´-W-a-mÀ-£-§Ä

D-]-tb-m-K-n -¡-p-I-b-p-w, A-X-v h-g-n

a-®-n-sâ -e-]-p-j-vT-n \-n-e-\-nÀ- -p-I

F-¶-X-m-W-v ssP-h-I-r-j-n-b-p-sS {]-

[-m-\ D-t±-i-y-w.

ssP-h-I-r-j-n F-¶-X-v H-c-p I-r-

j-n c-o-X-n F-¶-X-n-e-p-]-c-n H-c-p P-o-h-n-

X-c-o-X-n-b-m-W-v.- A-X-p-sI-m-|-v-X-s¶

{]-I-r-X-n h-n-`-h k-w-c-£-W-¯-n-\-v

Cu I-r-j-n-b-nÂ h-f-sc {]-m-[-m-\-y-

a-p-|-v. -{]-I-r-X-n I-\-n-ª-v \Â-I-p-¶

P-e k-¼-¯-v I-m-c-y-£-a-a-m-b-n h-n-

\-n-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-\-p-w- ]-c-n-]-m-e-n-¡-m-\-p-w

\-a-p-¡-v I-g-n-b-W-w, -F-s´-¶-mÂ

ssP-h-I-r-j-n-b-p-sS A-S-n-Ø-m-\-X-Xz-

§-f-m-W-v P-e-k-w-c-£-W-h-p-w a-®-v-

k-w-c-£-W-h-p-w.

F-´-p-sI-m-|-v ssPh--I-r-j-n ?\-Ã `-£-W-a-m-W-v \-Ã a-c-p-

¶-v.- H-tc-m h-o-S-n-\-p-w B-h-i-y-a-p-Å

I-p-d-¨-v ]-¨-¡-d-n-IÄ (N-o-c,-]-bÀ,-

a-p-f-I-v,-sh-|,-h-g-p-X-\,-I-d-n-th-¸-v-.,)

h-m-g F-¶-n-h e-`-y-a-m-b Ø-e-¯-v

I-r-j-n sN-b-v-X-mÂ X-s¶ sa-¨-s¸-«

`-£-W-c-o-X-n a-e-b-m-f-n-IÄ-¡-v ssI-

h-c-n -¡-mÂ k-m-[-n -¡-p-w.- C-X-n-e-q-

sS \-½-p-sS \-m-«-nÂ G-d-n h-c-p-¶

P-o-h-n-X ssi-e-n tc-m-K-§Ä-¡-p-w

I-y-m³-kÀ,-I-n-U-v-\-n tc-m-K-§Ä F-¶-n-

h-tb-b-p-w {]-X-n-tc-m-[-n-¡-m³ \-a-p-¡-v

I-g-n-b-p-w-.A-X-p-sI-m-|-v X-s¶ Cu I-m-

e-L-«- -n-sâ A-\-n-h-m-c-y-sX-b-m-W-v

ssP-h-I-r-j-n F-¶-X-v h-n-Z-y-m- -y-m-k- -n-

e-p-w A-d-n-h-n-e-p-w a-p-¶-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-p-¶

\-½Ä a-\-Ê-n-e-m-t¡-| k-a-b-w

A-X-n-{I-a-n- -n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. tI-c-f-I-r-j-n-h-

I-p- -v C-X-n-\-m-b-n [-m-c-m-f-w ]-²-X-n-IÄ

I-r-j-n-`-h-\-p-IÄ h-g-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-n

h-c-p-¶-p.- A-h-sb-m-s¡ {]-tb-m-P-\-s -

S-p- -n \-m-S-n-sâ \³-a-b-v-¡-v H-s¯-m-c-p-

a-n-¨-v {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-m-w.

teJn-I Ir-jn B-^o-k-dmWv

l-cn-{]n-b-tZ-hn

ssP‑h‑I‑r‑j‑n I‑m‑e‑L‑«‑¯‑n‑sâ A‑\‑n‑h‑m‑c‑y‑X


""-H-m X-n-¯-n-¯-m-c-m X-n-¯-n-ss¯

X-n-ss¯ X-I sX-b-v sX-b-v tX-m-w''

a-e-b-m-f-¯-n-sâ X-\-X-m-b Cu

h-m-b-v-¯-m-c-n \-s½ H-mÀ-½-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-

X-v h-f-f-w-I-f-n-sb-b-m-W-v. H-¸-w B-d-

·-p-f-b-p-w N-¼-¡-p-f-h-p-w a-\-Ê-n-se-

¯-p-w. I-q-sS-sb-¶-p-w a-sä-m-c-p t]-c-v

I-m-h-m-e-w N-p-|³.

I-m-h-m-e-w H-c-p Ø-e-\-m-a-w

a-m-{X-a-Ã; H-c-p {]-Ø-m-\-a-m-W-v. a-e-

b-m-f \-m-S-I-th-Z-n-sb, tZ-i-o-b \-m-S-

I-th-Z-n-tb-m-f-w-þ A-Ã te-m-I \-m-S-I

th-Z-n -tb-m-f-w-þ D-bÀ-¯-n-s¡-«-n -b

X-\-X-p \-m-S-I {]-Ø-m-\-¯-n-sâ

I-p-e-]-X-n-b-m-b I-m-h-m-e-w! a-e-b-m-f-

¯-n-sâ X-\-X-p-I-e-I-f-n-se X-m-f-w,

th-j-w, Cu-W-w, \-m-Z-w, i-c-o-c-`-m-j

X-p-S-§-n-b-h k-a-\z-b-n-¸-n-¨ I-e-m-c-q-

]-¯-n-sâ-þ-X-\-X-p \-m-S-I {]-Ø-m-\-

¯-n-sâ-þ-D-]-Ú-m-X-m-h-v I-m-h-m-e-w!

I-m-h-m-e-w \-m-c-m-b-W-¸-W-n-¡À-þ a-e-

b-m-f \-m-S-I- -n-sâ kz-Xz-w \-n-e-\-nÀ-

-n-b {]-Ø-m-\-w! A-sX, I-m-h-m-e-w

H-c-p {]-Ø-m-\-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v.

\-½-p-sS X-\-X-v A-\-p-j-vT-m-\-

I-e-I-f-m-b I-m-f-o-\-m-S-I-w, X-n-d, X-o-

b-m-«-v, k-w-L-¡-f-n X-p-S-§-n-b-h-b-n-Â

\-n-¶-v c-q-]-w-sI-m-|-v I-q-¯-v, I-q-S-n-

b-m-«-w, c-m-a-\-m-«-w, I-Y-I-f-n X-p-S-§-n-

b-h-b-n-e-q-sS h-n-I-k-n-¨-v X-a-n-g-v, k-w-

k-v-I-r-X \-m-S-I-§-f-p-sS A-w-i-§Ä

kz-m-w-i-o-I-c-n-¨-v, ]-m-Ý-m-X-y \-m-S-

I-§-f-p-sS N-§-m-¯-w kz-o-I-c-n-¨-v

h-fÀ-¶-X-m-W-v a-e-b-m-f \-m-S-I th-Z-n.

tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ h-n-h-n-[ `-m-K-§-f-n-Â

k-m-[-m-c-W P-\-§Ä A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-

¨-n-c-p-¶ sF-hÀ \-m-S-I-w, s]-m-d-m-«-p

\-m-S-I-w, B-c-y-½-m-e \-m-S-I-w, sh-

f-f-c-n-\-m-S-I-w, ]-m-h-¡-q-¯-v, I-m-¡-m-

c-n-È-n \-m-S-I-w, ]-S-b-W-n ]-d-tW-ä-v

X-p-S-§-n-b \-m-S-I-o-b I-e-m-c-q-]-§-sf

A-h-K-W-n-¨-p sI-m-|-p-f-f a-e-b-m-f

\-m-S-I th-Z-n-b-p-sS N-c-n-{X-]T-\-w

A-]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. k-w-k-v-I-r-X

\-m-S-I- -n-sâ tI-c-f-o-b A-h-X-c-W

c-q-]-a-m-b-X-p-w c-|-m-b-n-c-¯-n-Â-]-c-w

hÀ-j-s¯ ]-g-¡-a-p-f-f-X-p-a-m-b I-q-

S-n-b-m-«-s¯-b-p-w, N-m-I-y-mÀ-I-q-¯-n-

s\-b-p-w, \-¼-y-mÀ I-q-¯-n-s\-b-p-w,

"-tS-m-«-Â X-n-tb-äÀ-' F-¶-v te-m-I-w

A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¨ I-Y-I-f-n-sb-b-p-w H-g-n-

h-m-¡-n a-e-b-m-f \-m-S-I-N-c-n-{X-w c-N-n-

¡-m-\-m-h-p-ta-m? h-f-sc ]-g-¡-a-p-f-f

H-c-p N-c-n-{X-a-m-W-v a-e-b-m-f \-m-S-I-

th-Z-n-¡-p-f-f-X-v.

\-½-p-sS \-m-S-I-m-h-X-c-W ssi-

e-n -I-f-n -se-Ã-m-w `-c-X-a-p -\-n -b-p -sS

\-m-S-y-i-m-k-v-{X-m-\-p-k-m-c-n-b-m-b te-m-

I-[À-½-n, \-m-S-y-[À-½-n A-`-n -\-b

k-t¦-X-§-f-m-W-v I-m-W-m-d-p-f-f-X-v.

¢-m-k-n-¡-v I-e-I-f-m-b I-Y-I-f-n-b-n-

e-p-w, I-q-S-n-b-m-«-¯-n-e-p-w I-q-¯-q-I-f-n-

e-p-sa-m-s¡ \-m-S-y-[À-½-n-b-m-W-p-f-f-

sX-¦-n-Â \-m-tS-m-S-n-I-e-m-c-q-]-§-f-n-se-

Ã-m-w te-m-I [À-½-n A- -n-\-b-ssi-e-n

b-m-W-p-f-f-X-v.

te-m-I \-m-S-I-th-Z-n \-m-S-I-m-h-

X-c-W ssi-e-n-I-f-n-Â i-c-o-c-m-`-n-\-b-

¯-n-\-p {]-m-[-m-\-y-w \-Â-I-n-sI-m-|-v

A-`-n-\-b-ta-J-e-b-n-Â ]-c-n-hÀ-¯-\-

§Ä h-c-p-¯-n-b I-m-e-w. A-X-n-sâ

A-e-b-S-n-IÄ a-e-b-m-f \m-S --I-th-Z-n-

b-n-e-p-w D-|-m-b-n. tk-m-]-m-\-w F-¶

X-\-X-p \-m-S-I-I-f-c-n-b-n-e-q-sS I-m-h-m-

e-w A-X-n-\-p t\-X-r-Xz-w \-Â-I-n.

tI-c-f-¯-n-se X-\-X-p I-e-m-c-q-

]-§-f-p-sS X-\-n-a-b-p-w ¢-m-k-n-¡-Â

I-e-m-c-q-]-§-f-p-sS h-y-X-y-k-v-X L-S-I-

§-f-p-w k-a-R-v-P-k-a-m-b-n k-a-\z-b-n- -n-

-v I-m-h-m-e-w X-\-X-p \-m-S-I-m-h-X-c-W

ssi-e-n-¡-v c-q-]-w \-Â-I-n. X-m-f-\-n-

Im-hm-ew--H-cp {]-Øm-\w

h-«-¸-d-¼n-Â ]o-Xmw-_-c³


_-n-U-a-m-b Cu {]-]-©-¯-n-Â c-w-K-

I-e-I-f-n-se H-c-p {I-n-b-m-w-i-¯-n-\-p-w

X-m-f-c-m-l-n-X-y-w A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-m-\-m-h-n-

sÃ-¶-v A-t±-l-w I-s|-¯-n.

\-½-p-sS \-m-tS-m-S-n- -m-«-p-I-f-n-e-p-w,

\-m-S³ I-e-m-c-q-]-§-f-n-e-p-w, \-m-«-d-n-

h-p-I-f-n-e-p-w, \-m-S³-I-f-c-n-I-f-n-e-p-w

\-n-¶-v h-m-b-v-¯-m-c-n-I-f-p-w, \-m-S³-i-o-

e-p-I-f-p-w, \-m-S³-X-m-f-§-f-p-w, A-`-y-m-

k-a-p-d-I-f-p-w, i-c-o-c-m-`-n-\-b-¯-n-sâ

ssh-h-n-[-y-ssh-N-n-{X-y-§-f-p-a-m-b-n

a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b-n I-q-«-n-b-n-W-¡-n c-w-K-

th-Z-n N-e-\-m-ß-I-a-m-¡-n t{]-£-I

{i-² G-I-m-{K-a-m-¡-n- -oÀ-¡-m-\-p-f-f

I-m-h-m-e-¯-n-sâ {i-a-w h-n-P-b-I-c-a-m-

b-n-c-p-¶-p.

te-m-I-[À-½-n, \-m-S-y-[À-½-n A- -n-

\-b ssi-e-n-I-f-n-se ]-e L-S-I-§-

f-p-w k-a-\z-b-n-¸-n-¨-v \-m-S-I-m-h-X-c-W-

¯-n-\-v N-S-p-e-X-b-p-w Z-r-i-y-`-w-K-n-b-p-w

\-Â-I-n, "-X-\-X-p \-m-S-I-th-Z-n-' F-¶

]-p-X-n-b {]-Ø-m-\-¯-n-\-v P³-a-w

\-Â-I-n-b {]-X-n-`-m-[-\-\-m-W-v I-m-h-m-

e-w \-m-c-m-b-W-¸-W-n-¡À. \-m-S-y-i-m-

k-v-{X-w h-n-i-Z-a-m-¡-p-¶ N-X-pÀ-h-n-[-m-

`-n-\-b-§-f-m-b B-w-K-n-I-w, h-m-N-n-I-w,

k-m-Xz-n-I-w, B-l-m-c-y-w F-¶-n-h-b-v-¡-v

{]-m-a-p-J-y-w \-Â-I-n i-c-o-c-m-`-n-\-b-w,

a-p-{Z-m-`-n-\-b-w, B-w-K-n-I-m-`-n-\-b-w, N-m-

c-n-IÄ F-¶-n-h-b-v-¡-v X-m-f-m-ß-I-a-m-b

c-w-K-m-h-n-j-v-I-m-c-w \-Â-I-n, \-½-p-sS

X-\-X-p \-m-tS-m-S-n I-e-I-f-n-te-b-p-w

¢-m-k-n-¡-v I-e-I-f-n-te-b-p-w B-l-m-

c-y-h-p-w X-m-f-ta-f-§-f-p-w `-w-K-n-b-m-w-

h-®-w tI-mÀ-¯-n-W-¡-n I-m-h-m-e-w

X-\-X-p \-m-S-I-th-Z-n-¡-v P·-w \-Â-I-n.

tZ-i-o-b-X-e-¯-n-Â a-e-b-m-f \-m-S-I-

th-Z-n-b-p-sS a-l-n-a-b-p-w X-\-n-a-b-p-w

{]-I-S-a-m-¡-n.

I-m-h-m-e-¯-n-sâ kz-´-w c-N-

\-I-f-m-b k-m-£-n ssZ-h-¯-mÀ,

A-h-\-h³ I-S-¼, X-n-c-p-h-m-g-n-¯-m³

H-ä-b-m³, I-e-n-th-j-w X-p-S-§-n-b

a-e-b-m-f \-m-S-I-§-f-p-w; `-m-k-\-m-S-

I-§-f-m-b IÀ-®-`-m-c-w, Du-c-p-`-w-K-w

X-p-S-§-n-b k-w-k-v-I-r-X \-m-S-I-§-f-p-w

X-\-X-p \-m-S-I-ssi-e-n-b-n-Â A-h-X-

c-n-¸-n-¨-v `-m-c-X-o-b \-m-S-I-th-Z-n-b-n-Â

a-e-b-m-f \-m-S-I-th-Z-n-b-p-sS Ø-m-\-w

D-d-¸-n-¨ I-m-h-m-e-w X-\-X-p \-m-S-I-

th-Z-n-b-p-sS I-p-e-]-X-n X-s¶-b-m-W-v.

k-w-k-v-I-r-X \-m-S-I-m-h-X-c-W ssi-

e-n-b-n-Â tI-c-f-¯-\-n-a k-¶-n-th-

i-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-Â I-m-h-m-e-w G-sd

h-n-P-b-n-¨-p.

F-¦-n-e-p-w X-\-X-p \-m-S-I-th-

Z-n -¡-v k-mÀ-Æ-{X-n-I-X A-h-I-m-i-

s¸-S-m-\-m-b-n-sÃ-¶-X-v Z-p:J-I-c-a-m-

W-v. I-m-h-m-e-¯-n-sâ ssi-e-n-b-n-se

A-´:k-¯ ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-n DÄ-sI-m-

f-f-m-\-m-h-m-sX-b-p-w, i-c-n-b-m-b ]-c-n-

i-o-e-\-a-n -Ã-m-sX-b-p-w h-n-I-e-a-m-b

A-h-X-c-W-¯-n-e-q-sS N-n-eÀ X-\-X-p

\-m-S-I-m-h-X-c-W ssi-e-n-sb h-{I-o-

I-c-n-¨-X-tÃ A-X-n-\-v k-mÀ-Æ-{X-n-I-m-w-

K-o-I-m-c-w t\-S-m-\-m-I-m-¯-sX-¶-v k-w-

i-b-n-t¡-|-nb-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. F-¶-m-Â

X-\-X-p \-m-S-I-th-Z-n-b-n-Â I-m-h-m-e-w

]-c-o-£-n-¨-p h-n-P-b-n-¨ ]-e L-S-I-

§-f-p-w s{]-m-^-j-W-Â \-m-S-I k-w-

h-n-[-m-b-I-c-n-Â ]-e-c-p-w X-§Ä k-w-

h-n-[-m-\-w sN-¿-p-¶ \-m-S-I-§-f-n-Â

k-¶-n-th-i-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p-sh-¶-X-v I-m-

h-m-e-w ssi-e-n-b-p-sS a-l-¯z-¯-n-\-p

Z-m-l-c-W-a-m-b-n I-m-W-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

\-m-S-I-c-w-K-¯-p a-m-{X-a-Ã, I-m-

h-y-c-N-\-b-n-e-p-w N-e- -n-{X K-m-\-c-N-\-

b-n-e-p-w X-\-X-m-b-n ssi-e-n h-mÀ-s¯-

S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-Â I-m-h-m-e-w h-y-à-n-a-p-{Z

]-X-n-¸-n-¨-n-«-p-|-v.

a-e-b-m-f-¯-n-sâ \-m-tS-m-S-n-¸-m-«-p-

I-f-p-sS X-m-f-`-w-K-n-b-p-w, Cu-W-h-p-w,

sa-m-g-n-b-g-I-p-w I-m-h-m-e-w X-sâ I-h-n-

X-I-f-n-e-p-w, N-e-¨-n-{X K-m-\-§-f-n-e-p-w

C-W-¡-n-tNÀ-¯-p. B X-\-X-p-I-sf

a-e-b-m-f-n k-t´-m-j-t¯-m-sS kz-o-I-

c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p.

\-½-p-sS X-\-X-p-I-f-p-sS X-\-n-

a-I-f-p -w P-\-I-o-b-X-b-p-w P-\-a-\-

Ê-p-I-f-n-Â D-d-¸-n-¡-m³ I-e-b-v-¡-p-w

k-m-l-n-X-y- -n-\-p-w th-|-n I-m-h-m-e-w

\-Â-I-n-b a-l-¯-m-b k-w-`-m-h-\-IÄ

A-\-p-k-v-a-c-n-¨-p sI-m-|-v a-l-m-\-m-b

B \-m-S-I-m-N-m-c-y-sâ H-mÀ-½-IÄ-¡-p

a-p-¶-n-Â i-n-c-Ê-p \-a-n-¡-p-¶-p.

tem-I-[À-½n, \m-Sy-[À-½n A-`n-\-b ssi-en-I-fn-se ]-e L-S-I-§-fpw k-a-\z-bn-¸n-¨v \m-S-Im-h-X-c-W-¯n-\v N-Sp-e-X-bpw Zr-iy-`w-Kn-bpw \-Â-In, "-X-\-Xp \m-S-I-th-Zn-' F-¶ ]p-Xn-b {]-Øm-\-¯n-\v P³-aw \-Â-In-b {]-Xn-`m-[-\-\m-Wv Im-hm-ew \m-cm-b-W-¸-Wn-¡À.


C-c-p-]-X-m-w-\-q-ä-m-|-v te-m-I-¯-n-

se-¼-m-S-p-w H-t«-sd h-n-¹-h-I-c-a-m-b

a-m-ä-§Ä-¡-v k-m-£-y-w h-l-n-¨-p.

A-X-nÂ {]-[-m-\-w C³-^À-ta-j³

sS-I-v-t\-m-f-P-n-b-p-sS h-fÀ-¨ X-s¶-

b-m-W-v. B-[-p-\-n-I I-¼-y-q-«-d-n-sâ

]-n-X-m-h-m-b-n N-mÄ-k-v-_-m-t_-P-v h-m-

g-v-¯-s¸-S-p-¶-p. F-¦-n-e-p-w B ]-c-y

th-j-W-¯-n-\-v B-[-m-c-a-m-b h-n-

I-k-\ ]-c-o-£-W-§-f-p-w I-|-p ]-n-S-n-

¯-§-f-p-w 16þ-m-w \-q-ä-m-|-nÂ X-s¶

B-c-w-`-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¶-v N-c-n-{X-w ]-c-n-

ti-m-[-n-¨-mÂ a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-m-w. I-W-

¡-p-I-q-«-m-\-p-Å H-c-p D-]-I-c-W- -nÂ

X-p-S-§-n A-X-n-sâ k-m-[-y-X-IÄ h-n-

I-k-n-¨-v a-\-p-j-y P-o-h-\-p-Å `-q-a-n-¡-v

k-a-m-\-a-m-b a-sä-m-c-p te-m-I-¯-n-te-

b-v-¡-v F-¯-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p ssk-_À

te-m-I-w. tI-c-f P-\-X F-¶-p-w a-m-ä-

§-sf h-n-aÀ-i-\ _-p-²-n-tb-m-S-p-a-m-{X-w

I-|-p-h-c-p-¶-h-c-p-w B a-m-ä-§Ä DÄ-

s¡-m-Å-m³ k-a-b-w B-h-i-y-a-m-b-n

ssk-_À te-m-I-h-p-w \‑n‑b‑a‑§‑f‑p‑w

D-Å-h-c-p-a-m-W-v. C-¶-v \-m-w B a-m-ä-s¯ DÄ-s¡-m-|-p I-g-n-ª-p. F-¶-mÂ

A-\-´-a-m-b ssk-_À te-m-I-s¯ k-m-[-y-X-I-sf-b-p-w A-X-n-se N-q-j-W-§-

sf-b-p-w a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-m³ \-m-w C-¶-p-w X-¿-m-d-m-b-n-«-n-Ã. F- -p-w ]-p-X-p-X-e-a-p-d-b-n-

te-b-v-¡-v ]T-n-¸-n-¨-p sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶ Bottle Feeding k-w-k-v-I-m-c-¯-nÂ k-t´-m-

j-w I-m-W-p-¶ \-a-p-¡-v A-X-n-s\-¸-ä-n ]-p-X-p-X-e-a-p-d-b-n-te-b-v-¡-v ]-I-c-m-\-p-Å

A-d-n-h-v C-Ã-m-sX h-c-p-¶-p. A-S-p-¯-I-m-e-w h-sc A-X-n-s\-¸-ä-n ]-p-X-p-X-m-b-n

A-d-n-b-m³ {i-a-n-¡-m- -X-v kz-X-k-n-²-a-m-b A-e-k-X I-m-c-W-a-m-I-m-w F-¶-mÂ

]-p-X-p-X-e-a-p-d-¡-v A-h-sb ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-p-w \-n-tj-[-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-b-n-Ã. a-m-{X-a-Ã

B-[-p-\-n-I k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y-b-p-sS ta³-a-IÄ \-n-tj-[-n-¡-m-\-p-w \-a-p-¡-m-I-n-Ã.

A-X-p-sI-m-|-p-X-s¶ A-X-n-s\- -ä-n ]T-n-¡-p-I F-¶ H-ä-a-mÀ-¤-ta \-a-p-¡-v a-p-¶-n-

e-p-Å-q. \-½-f-nÂ -q-c-n-]-£-h-p-w B a-m-ä-t¯-m-S-v s]-m-c-p-¯-s¸-«-v h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b

ssk-_À te-m-I-¯-nÂ l-c-n-{i-o I-p-d-n-¨-p I-g-n-ª-p.

I-¼-y-q-«-d-n-e-p-w sa-m-ss_Â t -m-W-n-e-p-w X-p-S-§-n s -b-v-k-v-_-p-¡-v h-m-«-v-k-v

B-¸-v, s\-ä-v _-m-¦-n-w-K-v H-s¡-b-m-b-n C³-^À-ta-j³ sS-I-v-t\-m-f-P-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-

¡-m-¯ H-ä Z-n-h-k-w t]-m-e-p-w \-a-p-¡-n-Ã-m-X-m-b-n. A-X-v \-a-p-¡-v k-½-m-\-n-¡-p-¶

ku-I-c-y-§-tf-b-p-w k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz-t¯-b-p-w A-t§-b-ä-w B-kz-Z-n-¡-p-t¼-m-g-p-w

A-h-b-p-sS A-\- -k-m-[-y-X-IÄ Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w sN-¿-p-¶-h-c-p-w N-q-j-W- -nÂ

s]-«-p-t]-m-I-p-¶-h-c-p-w A-\-h-[-n-b-m-W-v. k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ U-n-P-n-ä-sse-tk-j-

\-p-Å {]-m-[-m-\-y-w A-X-p I-m-c-W-a-p-|-m-I-p-¶ _-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-I-f-p-w a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-n

C-´-y³ ]-mÀ-e-saâ-v 2000 P-q¬ 9 \-v C³-^À-ta-j³ sS-I-v-t\-m-f-P-n B-I-v-S-v

]-m-Ê-m-¡-n. A-X-v H-I-v-tS-m-_À 17 \-v \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶-p. 13 N-m-]-v-ä-d-p-I-f-p-w, 4

sj-U-y-q-f-p-I-f-p-w, 94 sk-£-\-p-I-f-p-a-p-Å sN-d-n-b B-I-v-S-m-W-v ]-m-Ê-m-¡-n-b-

AUz. A-JnÂ sP. N-{µ³


sX-¦-n-e-p-w h-e-n-sb-m-c-p a-m-ä-a-m-W-v.

C-´-y³ \-n-b-a-h-y-h-Ø-n-X-n-b-nÂ

A-X-p-|-m-¡-n-b-X-v. X-p-SÀ IPC (Indian Penal code), Evidence Act, RBI Act F-¶-n-h-b-n-e-p-w t`-Z-K-X-n-IÄ D-|-m-

b-n. IT c-w-K-s¯ N-q-j-W-§Ä X-S-

b-p-I F-¶-X-v \-n-b-a-¯-n-sâ H-c-p

e-£-y-w B-b-n-c-p-s¶-¦-nÂ t]-m-e-p-w

A-X-n-sâ A-\-´-a-m-b k-m-[-y-X-IÄ

{]-tb-m-P-\-s¸-S-p -¯-p-¶-X-n-e-m-b-n -

c-p-¶-p Du-¶Â \Â-I-n-b-X-v. A-X-n-

sâ ^-e-a-m-b-m-W-v C-þ-tI-m-ta-g-v-k-v,

C-þ-K-th-W³-k-v, U-n-P-n-äÂ C-´-y

t]-m-e-p-Å _-r-l-X-v ]-²-X-n-IÄ

K-h¬-saâ-v X-e- -nÂ B-h-n-j-v-I-c-n-

¡-p-¶-X-v. A-d-n-tª-m A-Ã-m-sX-tb-m

\-m-w F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w C-X-n-sâ-sb-m-s¡

t\-c-n-«-p-Å K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡-f-m-W-v.

IT Act 2000-þ Â {]-[-m-\-a-m-

b-p-w {]-X-n-]-m-Z-n-¡-p-¶-X-v -U-n-P-n-äÂ

d-n-¡-mÀ-U-p-I-sf ]-ä-n-b-m-W-v. U-n-

P-n -äÂ d-n-t¡-mÀ-U-p-I-f-n -te-b-v -¡-v

\-m-w a-m-d-n-s¡-m-|-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-m-W-v.

A-X-n-sâ `-m-K-a-m-b-n \-½-p-sS F-Ã-m

h-n-h-c-§-f-p-a-S-§-n-b B-[-mÀ I-mÀ-

U-p-w h-¶-p-I-g-n-ª-p. kz-b-w-`-c-W-

Ø-m-]-\-§-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w e-`-n-¡-p-¶

kÀ-«-n-^-n-¡-ä-p-IÄ G-sd-¡-p-sd U-n-

P-n-ä-sse-tk-j³ sN-b-v-X-p I-g-n-ª-p.

D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø-c-p-sS-b-p-w s]-m-X-p-P-\-

§-f-p-sS-b-p-w ku-I-c-y-mÀ-°-w F-Ã-m

A-t]-£-I-f-p -w ^-o-k-p-w I-¼-y-q -

«À a-p -tJ-\-b-m-b-n. H-m-tc-m-c-p -¯-

c-p-w A-X-n-sâ `-m-K-a-m-b-n-¡-g-n-ª-p.

C-¯-c-¯-nÂ U-n-P-n-äÂ tc-J-IÄ

\Â-I-p-t¼-mÄ A-h Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w

sN-¿-s¸-S-m-\-p-Å k-m-[-y-X a-p-¶-nÂ

I-|-v A-X-v X-S-b-m-\-p-w tc-J-IÄ-¡-p-w

ssI-a-m-ä-§Ä-¡-p-w B-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-X

\Â-I-p-¶-X-n-te-¡-m-b-n U-n-P-n-äÂ

k-n-tá-¨À sI-m-|-p-h-¶-p. \-½-p-sS

kz-I-m-c-y-h-n-h-c-§Ä tI-m-U-p-I-f-m-

¡-n-b-p-Å U-n-P-n-äÄ k-n-tá-¨À I-m-

e-m-I-m-e-§-f-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶

H-¸-n -\- v ]-I-c-a-m-W-v. {]-m-b-ta-d-p -

t¼-mÄ H-¸-n-sâ ssi-e-n-b-nÂ D-|-m-

I-p-¶ a-m-ä-§-f-p-w a-ä-v \-y-q-\-X-I-f-p-w

C-X-v ]-c-n-l-c-n-¨-p. K-h¬-saâ-v H-m-^-v

C- -y-b-v-¡-m-W-v U-n-P-n-äÂ k-n-tá- À

kÀ-«-n- -n-¡-ä-v (DSC) A-t]-£-{]-I-m-

c-w A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨-p \Â-I-m³ A-[-n-I-m-

c-w Asymmetric Crpto System F-¶

k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y D-]-tb-m-K-n -¨- v Private Key, Public Key F-¶-o tI-m-

U-p-I-f-m-e-m-W-v U-n-P-n-äÂ k-n-tá-¨À

k-m-[-y-a-m-I-p-¶-X-v. G-sX-m-c-mÄ-¡-p-w

\-nÀ-±-n-j-v-S-t^-m-d-¯-nÂ \Â-I-p-¶

A-t]-£-{]-I-m-c-w Digital Signature -e-`-y-a-m-¡-m-\-p-w A-h D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m-

\-p-w A-h-I-m-i-a-p-|-v.

C-¯-c-¯-nÂ h-y-h-Ø-I-sf-

¸-ä-n-b-p-w A-h Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w sN-

b-v -X-m-e-p-Å ]-n-g-sb-¸-ä-n-b-p-a-m-W-v

B-I-v-S-n-sâ 47 h-sc-b-p-Å sk-£-

\-p-I-f-nÂ 9 N-m-]-v-ä-d-p-I-f-n-e-m-b-n h-n-

h-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

X-p-SÀ-¶-p-Å `-m-K-§-f-nÂ Cu

B-I-v -S -n -sâ e-w-L-\-w F-§-s\

tN-m-Z-y-w sN-¿-m-w F-¶-X-n-s\- -ä-n-b-m-

W-v h-n-i-Z-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. sk-£³ 46

{]-I-m-c-w K-h¬-saâ-v H-m-^-v C-´-y,

U-b-d-I-v-S-d-nÂ I-p-d-b-m-¯ d-m-¦-p-Å

sk³-{SÂ K-h¬-saâ-v A-sÃ-¦-nÂ

tÌ-ä-v K-h¬-saâ-v D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø-s\

Adjudicating Officer B-b-n \-n-b-a-n-

¡-W-w. C-h Chapter X Â 48 a-p-XÂ

64 h-sc sk-£-\-p-I-f-nÂ Cyber Appellate Tribunal F-¶ Ì-m-ä-y-q-«-

d-n-t_-m-U-n-sb-¸-ä-n ]-d-b-p-¶-p. Adju-dicating Officer sâ \-n-K-a-\-¯-nÂ

\-n-¶-p-Å A-¸-o-e-p-I-f-m-W-v Cyber Appellate Tribunal ]-c-n-K-W-n-¡-p-

¶-X-v. X-p-SÀ-¶-v ssl-t¡-m-S-X-n-¡-p-w

A-¸-oÂ A-[-n-I-m-c-a-p-|-v. sF.ä-n

B-I-v -S- v {]-I-m-c-a-p-Å tI-k-p-IÄ

ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-¿-m³ k-n-h-nÂ tI-m-

S-X-n-IÄ-¡-v A-[-n-I-m-c-a-n-Ã. F-¦-nÂ

X-s¶-b-p-w ]-e \-S-]-S-n-{I-a-§Ä-¡-p-w

c-m-P-y-s¯ F-Ã-m tI-m-S-X-n-I-f-p-w

sF. ä-n B-I-v-S-v B-{i-b-n-¡-p-¶-p-|-v.

sF.ä-n B-I-v-S-v \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶ ti-

j-w IPC -b-n-e-p-w Evidence act e-p-w

t`-Z-K-X-n-IÄ h-c-p-¯-n U-n-P-n-äÂ

d-n-t¡-mÀ-U-p-I-f-p-w U-n-P-n-äÂ k-n-tá-

¨-d-p-w sX-f-n-h-n-\-m-b-n kz-o-I-c-n-¡-m-h-p-

¶-h-b-p-sS ]-«-n-I-b-nÂ DÄ-s -S-p- -n.

a-m-{X-a-Ã _-Ô-s¸-« tI-k-p-I-f-nÂ

ssl-t¡-m-S-X-n-b-p-w k-p-{]-o-w tI-m-S-

X-n-b-n-e-p-w ]-p-d-s¸-S-p-h-n-¨-n-«-p-Å \-nÀ-

W-m-b-I-D-¯-c-h-p-I-f-p-w I-o-g-v-t¡-m-S-

X-n-IÄ-¡-v _-m-[-I-a-m-W-v.

N-m-]-v-äÀ 10 Â 65 a-p-XÂ 78

h-sc sk-£-\-n-I-f-n-e-m-W-v sF.ä-n

B-I-v -S- v {]-I-m-c-a-p-Å I-p-ä-§-f-p-w

A-h-b-p-sS i-n-£-b-p-w {]-X-n-]-m-Z-n-¡-p-

¶-X-v. A-h-sb s]-m-X-p-h-nÂ Cyber Offences F-¶-p-w ]-d-b-m-w. s]-m-X-p-P-

\-§Ä G-ä-h-p-a-[-n-I-w t_-m-[-h-m³-

a-m-c-m-b-n-c-n-t¡-|-X-v Cu `-m-K-s¯-

¸-ä-n-b-m-W-v. \-½-f-nÂ X-s¶ ]-e-c-p-w

A-R-v-P-X a-q-e-w ]-e ssk-_À-I-p-ä-

I-r-X-y-§-f-nÂ DÄ-s¸-«-n-«-p-|-m-I-m-w.

A-[-n-I-r-X-c-p-sS {i-²-sb-¯-m-¯-

X-p-a-q -e-w A-h-b-p-sS i-n-£-b-nÂ

\-n-¶-p-w c-£-s¸-S-m-d-p-a-p-|-v.- A-X-n-\-p-

Z-m-l-c-W-a-m-W-v A-S-p-¯-I-m-e-¯-m-

b-n \-S-¶ A-d-Ì-p-IÄ ]-{X-¯-nÂ

h-m-b-n -¨-t¸-mÄ C-sX-m-s¡ I-p-ä-

a-m-tW-m F-¶-v \-½-f-nÂ ]-e-c-p-w

A-Û-p-X-s¸-«-X-v. tI-{µ ssk-_À

ss{I-w-tÌ-m-¸À sk-Ã-n-sâ d-n-t¸-mÀ-

«-p {]-I-m-c-w Cyber Crime I-f-nÂ

50% Â A-[-n-I-h-p-w A-d-n-h-n-Ã-m-b-v-

a-sI-m-|-v ]-ä-p-¶-X-p-w X-a-m-i-b-v-¡-v

th-|-n sN-¿-p-¶-X-p-a-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ

\-n-b-a-h-y-h-Ø-b-nÂ C- -c-¡-mÀ-¡-v

C-f-h-p-IÄ-e-`-y-a-Ã. C-´-y³ \-n-b-

a-h-y-h-Ø-b-p-sS A-S-n-Ø-m-\-a-m-b

H-c-p X-¯z-h-p-w “Ignorantia Juris non Excusat” F-¶-X-m-W-v. \-n-b-a-

s¯-¸-ä-n A-d-n-b-n-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-

X-v H-g-n-h-p I-g-n-h-m-b-n I-m-W-m-\-m-I-n-Ã

F-¶À-°-w.

sk-£³ 65 D-w 66 D-w A-\-p-k-

c-n-¨-v H-c-m-f-p-sS I-¼-y-q-«-d-n-sâ h-n-h-c-

§Ä A-d-n-th-m k-½-X-ta-m I-q-S-m-sX

ti-J-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w A-h-b-nÂ a-m-ä-

§Ä h-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-p-w, tI-S-p-]-m-S-p-

IÄ h-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-p-w, Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w

sN-¿-p-¶-X-p-w k-p-K-a-a-m-b D-]-tb-m-

K-¯-n-\- v X-S-Ê-a-p -|-m-¡-p-¶-X-p-w

I-p-ä-I-c-h-p-w 3 hÀ-j-w h-sc X-S-h-p-

i-n-£ e-`-n-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-p-w B-I-p-¶-p.

sk-£³ 66 {]-I-m-c-w 5 e-£-w c-q-]

Un-Pn-äÂ dn-t¡mÀ-Up-I-fn-te-bv-¡v \mw am-dn-s¡m-|n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. A-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn \-½p-sS F-Ãm hn-h-c-§-fp-a-S-§n-b B-[mÀ ImÀ-Upw h-¶p-I-gn-ªp. kz-bw- -c-W-Øm-]-\-§-fnÂ \n-¶pw e- n-¡p-¶ kÀ-«n- n-¡-äp-IÄ G-sd-¡p-sd Un-Pn-ä-sse-tk-j³ sN-bv-Xp I-gn-ªp.


h-sc ]-n-g-b-p-w Cu-S-m-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

sk-£³ 66 F, G-ä-h-p-a-[-n-I-w

Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w sN-¿-s¸-«-X-p-w h-n-aÀ-

i-\-§Ä-¡-v h-n-t[-b-a-m-b-X-p-a-m-W-v

sF. ä-n B-I-v-S-n-se Cu `-m-K-w. C-e-

I-v-t{S-m-W-n-I-v a-m-[-y-a-§-f-n-e-q-sS-b-p-Å

sX-ä-m-b {]-N-m-c-W-§Ä, a-\:]-qÀ-

Æ-a-m-b A-]-I-oÀ-¯-n-s¸-S-p-¯Â,

sX-ä-n-²-m-c-W-]-c-¯Â, i-e-y-s¸-S-p-

¯Â F-¶-n-h-b-v-¡-m-W-v C-X-p-{]-I-m-

c-w i-n-£ h-y-h-Ø-sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-X-v.

F-¶-mÂ C-X-v c-m-j-v -{S-o-b-a-m-b-p-w

A-Ã-m-sX-b-p-w h-f-sc-b-[-n-I-w Z-p-c-p-

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I-a-m-[-y-a-§-f-m-b s^-b-v-k-v-_-p-¡-v

t]-m-e-p-Å-h-b-p-sS D-]-tb-m-K-w hÀ-²-n-

¨-tX-m-sS sk-£³ 66 F h-f-sc-b-

[-n-I-w h-n-aÀ-i-\-§Ä G-ä-p-h-m-§-p-I-

b-p-w Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w sN-¿-s -S-p-I-b-p-w

sN-b-v-X-p. s^-b-v-k-v-_-p-¡-v t]-m-Ì-p-

I-f-p-sS t]-c-nÂ c-m-P-y-¯-v ]-e-b-n-S-

¯-p-w A-d-Ì-p-IÄ tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-n.

X-p-SÀ-¶-v c-m-j-v -{S-o-b-a-m-b-p-w C-X-p

Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w-sN-¿-s¸-«-p. X-p-SÀ-¶-v

2012þÂ t{i-b k-n-w-KÄ F-¶ \-n-b-a

h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-\-n k-p-{]-o-w tI-m-S-X-n-¡-p-

a-p-¶-nÂ s]-m-X-p X-mÂ-]-c-y-lÀ-P-n

^-bÂ sN-b-v-X-p. sk-£³ 66 F

{]-I-m-c-w t]-m-e-o-k-n-\-v \Â-I-n-b-n-c-n-

¡-p-¶ A-[-n-I-m-c-w h³-tX-m-X-nÂ

Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p F-¶-p-w

A-¯-c-w Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w Right to Speech and Expression F-¶ `-c-W-

L-S-\ h-y-h-Ø-sN-¿-p-¶ au-e-n-I-m-

h-I-m-i-¯-n-s\-X-n-c-m-sW-¶-p-w lÀ-

P-n-b-n-e-q-sS k-p-{]-o-w tI-m-S-X-n-b-p-sS

{i-²-b-nÂ sI-m-|-p-h-¶-X-n-s\-¯-p-

SÀ-¶-v sk-£³ 66 F, C³-^À-

ta-j³ Bâ-v sS-I-v-t\-m-f-P-n B-I-v-S-v

2000 Â \-n-¶-v \-o-¡-w sN-b-v-X-p sI-m-

|-v D-¯-c-h-p-|-m-b-n.

sk-£³ 66 _-n a-p-XÂ F-^-v

h-sc 2008 se t`-Z-K-X-n \-n-b-a-{]-I-m-

c-w B-I-v-S-nÂ tNÀ-¯-h-b-m-W-v 66

_-n A-\-p-k-c-n- -v ta-m-j-W-w sN-b-v-X

C-e-I-v-t{S-m-W-n-I-v I-½-y-q-W-n-t¡-j³

D-]-I-c-W-§-tf-m I-¼-y-q-«-td-m kz-o-I-

c-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w ssI-h-i-w h-b-v-¡-p-¶-

X-p-w 3 hÀ-j-w h-sc X-S-h-p-w 1 e-£-w

c-q-] h-sc ]-n-g-b-p-w e-`-n-¡-m-h-p-¶

I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-a-m-W-v. 66 k-n {]-I-m-c-w

a-sä-m-c-m-f-p-sS ]-m-Ê-v-thÀ-U-v U-n-P-n-

äÂ k-n-tá-¨À, b-q-W-n-I-v sF-Uâ-n-

^-n-t¡-j³ \-¼À F-¶-n-h ssI-

h-i-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-p-w 1 e-£-w c-q-]

h-sc ]-n-g-b-o-S-m-¡-m-h-p-¶-X-p-a-m-b I-p-

ä-I-r-X-y-w B-W-v. C-X-v D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v

N-X-n-¡-p-¶-X-v 3 hÀ-j-w h-sc X-S-h-p-w

1 e-£-w c-q-] h-sc ]-n-g-b-p-w Cu-S-m-

¡-m-h-p-¶ I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-a-m-W-v. H-c-m-f-p-sS

kz-I-m-c-y Z-r-i-y-§Ä k-½-X-a-n-Ã-m-sX

]-IÀ-¯-p-¶-X-p-w ssI-a-m-ä-w sN-¿-p-

¶-X-p-w {]-ZÀ-i-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-w sk-

£³ 66 C {]-I-m-c-w 3 hÀ-j-w h-sc

X-S-h-p-w ssk-_À `-o-I-c-X 66 F-^-v

{]-I-m-c-w P-o-h-]-c-y-´-w X-S-h-p-i-n-£

e-`-n-¡-m-h-p-¶ I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-a-m-W-v. tZ-

i-o-b-X-b-v-¡-v F-X-n-c-m-b F-Ã-m ssk-

_À-I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-§-sf-b-p-w C-X-nÂ

DÄ-s¡-m-Å-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

X-p-SÀ-¶-v 70 h-sc-b-p-Å sk-£-

\-p-I-f-nÂ G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w \-n-_-Ô-\-

IÄ ]-m-e-n-¡-m-sX-tb-m B-h-i-y-s¸-

S-p-¶ h-n-h-c-§Ä \Â-I-m-sX-tb-m

a-ä-p-Å-h-c-p-sS c-l-k-y-§Ä tN-mÀ-

-p-I-tb-m sN-b-v-X-v CâÀ-s\-ä-v t{]-m-

t«-m-t¡-mÄ a-d-n I-S-¡-p-¶-hÀ-¡-p-Å

i-n-£ h-y-h-Ø sN-¿-p-¶-p.

H-c-p C-þ-sa-b-nÂ A-¡u-|-v

D-Å-hÀ-¡-p-t]-m-e-p-w ]-e-t¸-m-g-p-w

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X-n-te-b-v-¡-m-b-n _-m-¦-v ]-m-Ê-v-th-U-v

X-p-S-§-n-b h-n-h-c-§-tf-m sN-e-h-n-\-m-

b-p-Å X-p-I-tb-m B-h-i-y-s -S-p-I-b-p-w

sN-¿-p-¶-X-v ]-X-n-h-m-W-v. C-¯-c-w

sI-W-n-I-f-nÂ-s¸-«-v h-©-n-X-c-m-I-p-

¶-h-c-p-w A-\-h-[-n-b-m-W-v. C-¯-c-w

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e-£-w ]-n-g-b-p-w sk-£³ 71 {]-I-m-

c-w h-y-h-Ø sN-¿-p-¶-p.

X-p-SÀ-¶-v 77 h-sc-b-p-Å sk-

£-\-p-I-f-nÂ \-½-p-sS kz-I-m-c-y-

X-b-n-te-b-v-¡-p-Å A-\-y-c-p-sS I-S-

¶-p-I-b-ä-h-p-w \-½-p-sS h-n-h-c-§Ä

\n-b-a-hy-h-Ø-bnÂ C-¯-c-¡mÀ-¡v C-f-hp-IÄ-e-`y-a-Ã. C-´y³ \n-b-a-hy-h-Ø-bp-sS A-Sn-Øm-\-am-b H-cp X-¯z-hpw “Ignorantia Juris non Excusat” F-¶-Xm-Wv. \n-b-a-s¯-¸-än A-dn-bn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p F-¶-Xv H-gn-hp I-gn-hm-bn Im-Wm-\m-In-Ã F-¶À-°w.


tN-mÀ- -p-¶-X-n-\-p-w A-X-v Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-

K-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-p-a-p-Å i-n-£-IÄ

h-y-h-Ø sN-¿-p-¶-p. sk-£³ 78

{]-I-m-c-w {I-n-a-n-\Â \-S-]-S-n {I-a-w

A-\-p-k-c-n- -v C³-k-v-s]-I-v-SÀ d-m-¦-nÂ

I-p-d-b-m- t]-m-e-o-k-v D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø-\-v

C-¯-c-w I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-§Ä A-t\z-j-n-

¡-m-h-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

N-m-]-v-äÀ 12 {]-I-m-c-w N-n-e I-p-ä-

I-r-X-y-§-f-p-sS i-n-£-m-\-S-]-S-n-I-f-nÂ

\-n-¶-p-w sS-e-n-tI-m-w A-tX-m-d-n-ä-n,

CâÀ-s\-ä-v s{]-m-ssh-tS-g-v-k-v F-¶-n-

h-sc H-g-n-h-m-¡-n-b-n-«-p-|-v. N-m-]-v-äÀ

12 F b-nÂ C-e-I-v-t{S-m-W-n-I-v sX-

f-n-h-p-IÄ ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¡-m-\-p-w \-n-K-

a-\-§Ä tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-m-\-p-a-p-Å

h-n-Z-K-v-[-c-p-sS \-n-b-a-\- -n-\-v tI-{µ-K-

h¬-saâ-p-\-p-Å A-[-n-I-m-c-s - -ä-n

]-d-b-p-¶-p.

N-m-]-v-äÀ 13þÂ 80 a-p-XÂ 90

h-sc-b-p-f-f sk-£-\-p-I-f-nÂ-taÂ

{]-X-n-_-m-[-n-¡-m-¯, k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ

\³-a-b-v-¡-m-b-p-Å \-S-]-S-n-I-tf-b-p-w

A-t\z-j-W D-tZ-y-m-K-ØÀ-¡-v \-n-b-

{´-W-§Ä GÀ-s¸-S-p -¯-m-\-p-Å

tÌ-ä-v K-h¬-saâ-n-sâ A-[-n-I-m-c-

s¯-b-p-w {]-X-n-_-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-p.

sk-£³ 67, 67 F, 67 _-n

F-¶-n-h-b-nÂ sse-w-K-n-I-X-b-p-w k-Z-m-

N-m-c-¯-n-s\-X-n-c-p-a-m-b Z-r-i-y-§-tf-m

h-o-U-n-tb-m-I-tf-m {]-ZÀ-i-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-

X-n-\-p-w ssI-a-m-ä-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-p-w I-p-ä-

I-r-X-y-a-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ CâÀ-s\-ä-nÂ

C-¯-c-w t^-m-t«-m-b-p-w h-o-U-n-tb-m-

b-p-w k-p-e-`-a-m-W-v F-¶-X-v k-w-i-b-

¯-n-\-v h-g-n-b-v-¡-m-w. C-X-p-{]-I-m-c-w

B-sc-¦-n-e-p-w sse-w-K-n-I-¨-p-h-b-p-Å

h-o-U-n-tb-m-tb-m \-a-p-¡-v A-b- -p X-c-p-

I-tb-m A-X-v \-½-f-p-a-m-b-n ]-¦-p sh-

b-v-¡-p-I-tb-m sN-b-v-X-m-e-p-w \-½-p-sS

kz-I-m-c-y-Z-r-i-y-§-tf-m t^-m-t«-m-tb-m

]-c-k-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-mÂ

sk-£³ 67 {]-I-m-c-w 1 e-£-w c-q-]

]-n-g-b-p-w 5 hÀ-j-w X-S-h-p-w e-`-n-¡-m-w.

67 F {]-I-m-c-w sse-w-K-n-I Z-r-i-y-

§Ä {]-ZÀ-i-n-¸-n-¨-mÂ 1e-£-w c-q-]

]-n-g-b-p-w 7 hÀ-j-w X-S-h-p-w e-`-n-¡-m-w.

18 h-b-Ê-n-\-v X-m-sg-b-p-Å I-p-«-n-I-f-p-

sS sse-w-K-n-I Z-r-i-y-§Ä {]-ZÀ-i-n-

¸-n-¨-mÂ 67 _-n {]-I-m-c-w B-Z-y-s¯

X-h-W 5 hÀ-j-w X-S-h-p-w 1 e-£-w c-q-

] ]-n-g-b-p-w B-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-I-b-m-sW-

¦-nÂ 7 hÀ-j-w X-S-h-p-w 1 e-£-w c-q-]

]-n-g-b-p-w e- -n-¡-m-w. ]-e-t -m-g-p-w A-d-n-

h-n-Ã-m-b-v-a-b-p-w \-m-W-t¡-S-p-w I-m-c-W-w

]-e-c-p-w C-¯-c-w N-X-n-¡-p-g-n-I-f-nÂ

h-o-W-p-t]-m-I-p-I-b-p-w sk-I-v-k-v a-mÀ-

¡-ä-n-w-K-n-\-v h-sc C-c-b-m-I-p-¶ I-m-g-v-N-

b-p-a-m-W-v ]-e-b-n-S-¯-p-w I-m-W-p-¶-X-v.

C-¯-c-w k-w-i-b-§Ä D-|-m-b-mÂ

A-X-n-s\-¸-ä-n I-q-S-p-XÂ A-t\z-j-n-

¡-m-t\-m D-d-h-n-S-w I-s|-¯-n ]-c-n-l-

c-n-¡-m-t\-m {i-a-n-¡-m-sX A-[-n-I-r-XÀ-

¡-v ]-c-m-X-n \Â-I-p-I-b-m-W-v th-|-X-v.

A-X-y-m-[-p-\-n-I k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-Å

ssk-_À skÂ C-¯-c-w I-p-ä-I-r-

X-y-§Ä X-S-b-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w i-n-£

D-d-¸-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w I-m-c-y-£-a-a-m-b-n-

X-s¶ {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶-p-|-v. ]-c-m-X-n-

¡-m-c-p-sS h-n-h-c-§-f-p-w c-l-k-y-a-m-b-n

X-s¶ k-q-£-n-¡-p-¶-p-a-p-|-v.

B-[-p-\-n-I k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ G-ä-

h-p-a-[-n-I-w {]-m-[-m-\-y-w \Â-I-s¸-

S-p-¶ ssk-_À I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-§Ä,

A-h- X-S-b-m³ A-[-n-I-r-X-c-p-sS a-p-

¶-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n-b-m-

b-n D-bÀ-¶-v \-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v A-X-n-sâ

C-c-IÄ X-§-f-p-sS h-©-\-m I-Y-I-

f-p-w a-ä-p-w ]-p-d-¯-v ]-d-b-p-¶-n-Ã F-¶-

X-p X-s¶-b-m-W-v A-Y-h-m ]-p-d-¯-p

]-d-b-m-\-p-Å \-m-W-t¡-S-p I-m-c-W-w

A-X-v a-\-Ê-nÂ I-p-g-n-¨-p a-q-S-s¸-S-p-

t¼-mÄ I-p-d-¨-p I-q-S-n Ku-c-h-a-m-b

I-p-ä-I-r-X-y-w k-a-q-l-t¯-m-S- v sN-

¿-m-\-p-Å t{]-m-Õ-m-l-\-a-m-I-p-¶-p.

H-m-tc-m X-h-W ]-ä-n-¡-s¸-S-p-t¼-m-g-p-w

k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y-sb-b-Ã ]-g-n-t¡-

|-X-v A-X-v Z-p-c-p-]-tb-m-K-w sN-¿-p-¶

a-\-p-j-y-t\-b-p-w A-X-y-mÀ-¯-n a-q-e-w

A-X-nÂ A-I-s -S-p-¶ a-\-p-j-y-t\-b-p-

a-m-W-v. \-a-p-¡-v sN-¿-m³ H-t¶-b-p-Å-q.

a-S-n-¨-p \-nÂ-¡-m-sX a-ä-p-Å-h-c-mÂ

I-_-f-n-¸-n-¡-m-sX A-X-v ]T-n-¡-p-I,

h-n-th-I-]-qÀ-Æ-w D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-m³

\-½-p-sS I-p-ª-p-§-sf {]-m-]-v-X-c-m-

¡-p-I.


2011 se sk³-k-k-v {]-I-m-c-w tI-c-f-¯-n-se B-Z-n -h-m-k-n P-\-k-w-J-y sa-m-¯-w P-\-k-w-J-y-b-p-sS 1.4 i-X-a-m-\-a-m-W-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-se F-Ã-m P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-p-w B-Z-n-h-m-k-n k-m-¶-n-²-y-a-p-s|-¦-n-e-p-w h-b-\-m-S-v, C-S-p-¡-n, ]-m-e-¡-m-S-v, I-m-kÀ-tK-m-U-v, I-®-qÀ F-¶-o A-©-v P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-m-W-v {]-[-m-\-a-m-b-p-w C-hÀ A-[-n-h-k-n- -p-h-c-p-¶-X-v. B-sI P-\-k-w-J-y-b-p-sS 65 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w Cu A-©-v P-n-Ã-I-f-nÂ DÄ-s -S-p-¶-p. tI-c-f- -n-se G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ ]-mÀ-iz-hÂ-¡-c-n-¡-s¸-«

k-m-a-q-l-y h-n-`-m-K-a-m-W-v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ. sI-m-tf-m-W-n-bÂ `-c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w I-p-S-n-tb-ä-¡-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w, P-·-n-a-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w F-´-n-t\-sd kÀ-¡-m-c-p-I-f-p-sS t]-m-e-p-w \-o-|-I-m-e-s¯ N-q-j-W-¯-n-\-p-w A-S-n-¨-aÀ-¯-e-n-\-p-w C-c-I-f-m-b-n-¯-oÀ-¶-h-c-m-W-v C-hÀ. B-tK-m-f-hÂ-¡-c-W I-m-e-s¯ ]-p-¯³ ]-c-n-j-v-¡-m-c-§-f-p-w G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ B-{I-a-n-¡-s -«-X-v tI-c-f-¯-n-se B-Z-n-h--m-k-n-I-sf-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-v \-n-c-h-[-n ]T-\-§Ä h-y-à-a-m-¡-p-¶-p. (a-m-X-y-p 2009) A-h-

c-p-sS D-]-P-o-h-\ a-mÀ-¤-§Ä, -£-y-e-`-y-X, B-tc-m-K-y-w, h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w F-¶-n-h-sb-Ã-m-w A-X-n-th-K-w X-IÀ-¡-m³ a-m-{X-sa B-tK-m-f-hÂ-¡-c-W-w D-]-I-c-n- -n-«-p-Å-q-sh-¶-v I-g-n-ª c-|-c ]-X-n-ä-m-|-p-I-m-e-s¯ tI-c-f-m-\-p-`-h-w \-s½ ]T-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p.

B-Z-n-h-m-k-n P-\-h-n-`-m-K-§Äk-w-Ø-m-\ P-\-k-w-J-y-b-n-se

sN-d-p \-y-q-\-]-£-a-m-b B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ 37 h-y-X-y-k-v-X k-a-q-l-§-f-m-b-n h-n-`-P-n-¡-s¸-«-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. P-\-k-w-

tUm. kpÀ-Pn-¯v.Fw

]-n-t¶-m-¡ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-I-k-\-h-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-I-f-p-wa-e-¼-m-d-n-se ]-W-n-b-c-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-w a-q³ \-nÀ- -n \-S- -n-b H-c-p \-c-h-w-i i-m-k-v-{X-]T-\-m-\-p- -h-w


]-Wn-bÀ G-ä-hpw Iq-Sp-XÂ A-[n-h-kn-¡p-¶-Xv h-b-\m-Sv, I-®qÀ Pn-Ã-I-fn-em-Wv.-h-b-\m-Sv Pn-Ã-bn-se B-Zn-hm-kn P-\-kw-Jy-bnÂ ]-Wn-b-cp-sS ]-¦v 45 i-X-am-\-am-sW-¦nÂ Pn-Ã-bn-se ]-©m-b-¯v cm-Pv Øm-]-\-§-fn-se C-h-cp-sS Aw-K-Xzw tI-h-ew 9 Aw-K-§-fnÂ H-Xp-§p-¶p.

J-y-m-]-c-h-p-w, k-m-w-k-v-¡-m-c-n-I k-m-a-q-l-y k-m-¼-¯-n-I h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-e-p-w Cu h-n-`-m-K-§Ä H-m-tc-m-c-p-¯-c-p-w ]-e-¯-«-p-I-f-n-e-m-W-v. kÀ-¡-mÀ ]-²-X-n-I-f-p-w, k-w-h-c-W-m-\-p-I-q-e-y-§-f-p-w F-Ã-m k-a-q-l-§-f-n-e-p-w X-p-e-y-\-o-X-n-b-n-e-Ã h-n-X-c-W-w sN-¿-s¸-«-X-v. A-X-p-sI-m-|-p-X-s¶ tI-c-f-¯-n-se B-Z-n-h-m-k-n k-a-q-l-§-f-nÂ X-s¶ a-p-t¶-m-¡ I-o-g-m-f h-n-`-m-K-§Ä k-r-ã-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-X-m-b-n [-m-c-m-f-w ]T-\-§-f-p-w sh-f-n-h-m-¡-n-b-n-«-p-|-v (B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS a-m-\-h h-n-I-m-k-w 2009). B-Z-n-h-m-k-n P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ H-¶-m-w Ø-m-\- -v ]-W-n-b-h-n- -m-K-a-m-W-v (23 i-X-a-m-\-w).

]-W-n-bÀ þ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-n-se I-o-g-m-fÀ

"F-Ã-m B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-w \-nÀ-`-m-K-y-h-m-·-m-c-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ \-nÀ-`-m-K-y-h-m-·-m-c-p-sS I-q-«-¯-n-se \-nÀ-`-m-K-y-h-m-·-m-c-m-W-v ]-W-n-bÀ' (sI. ]-m-\-qÀ 1963).

A-c-\-q-ä-m-|-v a-p-¼-m-W-v taÂ h-m-N-I-§Ä B-Z-y-a-m-b-n {]-k-n -²-o-I-c-n-¡-s¸-«-X-v. "h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-sâ' a-e-sh-Å ]-m-¨-nÂ ]-e-h-p-c-p B-hÀ-¯-n-s¨-¦-n-e-p-w I-m-e-w ]-W-n-b-c-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-¯-nÂ I-m-c-y-a-m-b b-m-sX-m-c-p ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-b-p-w D-|-m-¡-n-b-n -«-n -Ã. l-X-`-m-K-y-c-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w l-X-`-m-K-y-c-m-b-n C-hÀ C-¶-p-w \-½-p-¡-n-S-b-nÂ P-o-h-n-¡-p-¶-p. "tI-c-f ta-m-UÂ h-n -I-k-\'-¯-n -sâ b-m-sX-m-c-p K-p-W-^-e-h-p-w C-\-n-b-p-w ]-W-n-b-sc-t -S-n F- -n-b-n-«-n-Ã. 2012 se ]-«-n-I-hÀ-¤ kÀ-tÆ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v {]-I-m-c-w B-sI P-\-k-w-J-y 92784 (23 i-X-a-m-\-w) B-W-v. a-e-_-m-d-n-se h-b-\-m-S-v, I-®-qÀ, tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-S-v, a-e-¸-p-d-w F-¶-o A-©-v P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-m-W-v {]-[-m-\-a-m-b-p-w A-[-n-h-k-n-¨-v h-c-p-¶-X-v. h-S-¡³ tI-c-f- -n-se B-Z-n-a-\-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-m-b-m-W-v C-h-sc I-W-¡-m-¡-n-t¸-m-c-p-¶-X-v. \-q-ä-m-|-p-I-f-m-b-n

IÀ-j-I sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-m-b-n A-S-n-a-X-p-e-y P-o-h-n-X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p C-hÀ \-b-n-¨-p-t]-m-¶-X-v. C-h-c-p-sS t]-c-v X-s¶ ("]-W-n-b-') k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v ]-c-¼-c-m-K-X-a-m-b-n X-s¶ I-q-e-n-th-e-¡-m-c-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¶-m-W-v. P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ H-¶-m-w Ø-m-\-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w Z-p-c-n-X X-p-c-p-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w C-\-n-b-p-w h-n-ta-m-N-\-w t\-S-m³ B-[-p-\-n-I-X a-p-t¶-m-«-v \-o-«-n-b H-c-p A-h-k-c-§-f-p-w C-hÀ-¡-v {]-tb-m-P-\-s¸-«-n-«-n-Ã. \-n-b-a-\-nÀ-½-m-W k-`-I-f-n-se-m-¶-p-w F-¯n-s¸-S-m³ \-m-f-n-X-p-h-sc-b-m-b-n I-g-n-ª-n-«-n-sÃ-¶-p a-m-{X-a-Ã A-[-n-I-m-c-h-n -tI-{µ-o-I-c-W-w k-r-ã-n -¨ ]-p -X-n -b k-m-[-y -X-IÄ t]-m-e-p -w {]-tb-m-P-\-s¸-S-p-¯-n {]-m-tZ-i-n-I `-c-W-k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-nÂ AÀ-l-n-¡-p-¶ Ø-m-\-a-p-d-¸-n-¡-m³ t]-m-e-p-w Cu h-n-`-m-K-¯-n-\-v I-g-n-ª-n-«-n-sÃ-¶-v ]-e ]T-\-§-f-p-w sX-f-n-b-n-¨-n-«-p-|-v. {]-m-tZ-i-n-I `-c-W-k-w-h-n-[-m-\-¯-nÂ h-n-h-n-[ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-`-m-K-§Ä-¡-p-Å c-m-{ã-o-b ]-¦-m-f-n-¯-s¯ I-p-d-n-¨-v Cu te-J-I³ \-S-¯-n-b a-p³-I-m-e K-th-j-W ]T-\-§-f-nÂ X-s¶ C-X-v h-y-à-a-m-¡-s¸-«-n-«-p-|-v. ]-W-n-bÀ G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ A-[-n-h-k-n-¡-p-¶-X-v h-b-\-m-S- v, I-®-qÀ P-n-Ã-I-f-n-e-m-W-v.-h-b-\-m-S-v P-n-Ã-b-n-se B-Z-n-h-m-k-n P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ ]-W-n-b-c-p-sS ]-¦-v 45 i-X-a-m-\-a-m-sW-¦-nÂ P-n-Ã-b-n-se ]-©-m-b-¯-v c-m-P-v Ø-m-]-\-§-f-n-se C-h-c-p-sS A-w-K-Xz-w tI-h-e-w 9 A-w-K-§-f-nÂ H-X-p-§-p-¶-p. C-X-v P-n-Ã-b-n-se sa-m-¯-w B-Z-n-h-m-k-n P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-f-p-sS ]- -v i-X-a-m-\-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v. I-®-qÀ P-n-Ã-b-n-se Ø-n-X-n-b-p-w h-y-X-y-k-v-X-a-Ã. tI-h-e-w 4 P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-IÄ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v ]-W-n-b-h-n-`-m-K-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w sX-c-sª-S-p-¡-s¸-«-X-v. Cu k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-n-e-m-W-v ]-W-n-b-c-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-w sX-m-«-d-n-b-m³ I-q-S-p-XÂ k-q-£-v-a-X-e ]T-\-§Ä A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-I-p-¶-X-v. C- -c-w ]T-\-§-f-n-e-q-sS

a-m-{X-sa N-q-j-W- -n-\-sâ-b-p-w C-Ã-m-b-v-a-I-f-p-sS-b-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I A-´-c-§Ä I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-m-\-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I-a-m-b-n ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-h-p-¶ _-ZÂ h-n-I-k-\ k-m-[-y-X-IÄ N-n-«-s¸-S-p-¯-m-\-p-w I-g-n-b-q.

]-W-n -b-P-o -h-n -X-w þ k-q -£-v -a ]T-\-m-\-p-`-h-§Ä

I-®-qÀ P-n-Ã-b-nÂ G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ X-m-a-k-n-¡-p-¶ t]-c-m-h-qÀ t»-m-¡-n-se t]-c-m-h-qÀ {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-m-W-v Cu k-q-£-v-a ]T-\-¯-n-\-m-b-n sX-c-sª-S-p-¯-X-v. Cu {K-m-a- -n-se ]-W-n-b-c-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-m-h-Ø-b-m-W-v X-p-SÀ-¶-p-Å -m-K-§-f-nÂ {]-tX-y-I-a-m-b-n h-n-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v.

t]-c-m-h-qÀ {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-se ]-W-n-bÀ

I-®-qÀ P-n-Ã-b-n-se C-c-n-«-n X-m-e-q-¡-n-e-m-W-v t]-c-m-h-qÀ {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v Ø-n-X-n sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. P-n-Ã-b-p-sS I-n-g-¡³ a-e-tb-m-c ta-J-e-b-nÂ Ø-n-X-n sN-¿-p-¶ H-c-p I-p-S-n-tb-ä I-mÀ-j-n-I {K-m-a-a-m-W-v t]-c-m-h-qÀ. B-sI 16 h-mÀ-U-p-IÄ DÄ-s¸-S-p-¶ Cu ]-©-m-b-¯-n-sâ h-n-k-v-X-oÀ-®-w 34.10 N.-I-n.-a-o-ä-d-m-W-v.

2011 se sk³-k-k-v {]-I-m-c-w B-sI P-\-k-w-J-y-b-p-sS 1.45 i-X-a-m-\-a-m-W-v ]-«-n-I-hÀ-¤ P-\-k-w-J-y. ]-W-n-b, I-p-d-n-N-y F-¶-o c-|-v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-`-m-K-§Ä a-m-{X-sa C-h-n-sS A-[-n-h-k-n-¡-p-¶-p-Å-q. 2012 se ]-«-n-I-hÀ-¤ kÀ-tÆ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v {]-I-m-c-w 194 ]-«-n-I-hÀ-¤ I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-m-W-v C-h-n-sS-b-p-Å-X-v. B-sI P-\-k-w-J-y 893 (k-v-{X-o-IÄ 466, ]-p-c-p-j-·-mÀ 427). P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ 94.3 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w (851) ]-W-n-b-h-n-`-m-K-¯-nÂ-s¸-S-p-¶-p. B-sI-b-p-Å 12 B-Z-n-h-m-k-n Du-c-p-I-f-nÂ H-s¶-m-g-n-sI _-m-¡-n-sb-Ã-m-w ]-W-n-b-c-p-tS-X-m-W-v.

P-\-k-w-J-y-m k-h-n-ti-j-X-IÄP-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ 9 i-X-a-m-\-w

B-d-v h-b-Ê-nÂ X-m-sg {]-m-b-]-c-n-[-n-b-nÂ h-c-p-¶-p. 20 i-X-a-m-\-w 6þ17 \-p-w 59 i-X-a-m-\-w 18-þ59 \-p-w C-S-b-n-e-p-w DÄ-s¸-S-p-¶-p. 6 i-X-a-m-\-w t]À 60-þ65\-p-w C-S-b-n-e-p-w 2 i-X-a-m-\-w t]À 75 h-b-Ê-n-\-v a-p-I-f-n-e-p-a-m-W-v. {]-m-b-]-c-n-[-n A-S-n-Ø-m-\-¯-n-e-p-Å P-\-k-w-J-y-m h-n-h-c-§Ä \Â-I-p-¶ k-q-N-\-{]-I-m-c-w B-b-pÀ-ssZÀ-L-y-


-nÂ tI-c-f- -n-se s]-m-X-p-k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ I-W-¡-p-I-tf-m-S-v s\-K-ä-o-h-v {]-h-W-X I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶-p.

{]-m-b-h-p-w ssh-h-m-l-n-I A-h-Ø-b-p-w

P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ 71 i-X-a-m-\-w h-n-h-m-l-n-X-c-p-w \-n-e-h-nÂ k-m-¼-¯-n-I P-o-h-n-X-w X-p-S-c-p-¶-h-c-p-a-m-W-v. 18 h-b-Ê-n-\-v a-p-I-f-n-e-p-Å k-v-{X-o P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ 9.3 i-X-a-m-\-w h-n-[-h-I-f-p-w 4 i-X-a-m-\-w h-n-h-m-l-_-Ô-w thÀ-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-h-c-p-a-m-W-v. 18 h-b-Ê-n-\-v X-m-sg-b-p-Å k-v-{X-o P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ B-c-p-w h-n-h-m-l-n-X-c-m-b-n-«-n-sÃ-¶-m-W-v Zz-n-X-o-b h-n-h-c-§Ä k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-sX-¦-n-e-p-w {]-m-b-]-qÀ-¯-n-b-m-h-p-¶-X-n-\-v a-p-¼-v h-n-h-m-l-n-X-c-m-b k-v-{X-o-IÄ ]-W-n-b k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ [-m-c-m-f-a-p-s|-¶-v {]-m-Y-a-n-I ]T-\-§Ä t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p.

A-h-n-h-m-l-n-X-c-m-b A-½-a-m-c-p-sS F-®-w a-q-¶-v F-¶-m-W-v ]-«-n-I-hÀ-¤ kÀ-tÆ (2012) tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-n-b-n-«-p-Å-X-v. C-X-p-w b-m-Y-mÀ-°-y-h-p-a-m-b-n s]-m-c-p-¯-s¸-S-p-¶-h-b-Ã. A-]-IÀ-j-X a-q-e-w b-Y-mÀ-° h-n-h-c-§Ä ]-p-d- -p-]-d-b-m-\-p-Å a-S-n-b-m-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w i-c-n-b-m-b h-n-h-c-§Ä ]-d-b-m-ª-sX-¶-p-th-W-w A-\-p-a-m-\-n-¡-m³.

k-m-£-c-XtI-h-e-w 71 i-X-a-m-\-a-m-W-v

]-W-n-bÀ k-m-£-c-X-m \-n-c-¡-v. {K-m-a-¯-n-se ]-W-n-b P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ G-X-m-|-v 30 i-X-a-m-\-w t]À-¡-p-w F-g-p-¯-p-w h-m-b-\-b-p-w A-\-y-a-m-sW-

¶-v Cu I-W-¡-p-IÄ t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p. k-m-£-c-c-m-b-hÀ X-s¶ 98 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w k-v-I-qÄ h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-

-n-sâ -m-K-a-m-b-m-W-v F-g-p- -p-w h-m-b-\-b-p-w ]T-n-¨-X-v. A-\u-]-N-m-c-n-I h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-¯-n-e-q-sS tI-h-e-w 2 i-X-a-m-\- -n-\-v a-m-{X-sa A-£-c- -n-sâ te-m-I-w \Â-I-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-«-p-Å-q F-¶-X-v Cu k-w-h-n-[-m-\-h-p-w ]-W-n-b-sc th-|-{X DÄ-s¡-m-|-n-Ã F-¶-p-th-W-w I-c-p-X-m³.

h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k \-n-e-h-m-c-wP-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ 64 i-X-a-m-\-

¯-n-\-p-w {]-m-Y-a-n-I h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w a-m-{X-sa-b-p-Å-q. 27 i-X-a-m-\-w t]À sk-¡â-d-n h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w t\-S-n-b-n-«-p-|-v. F-¶-mÂ tI-h-e-w 6 i-X-a-m-\-¯-n-\-v a-m-{X-sa F-k-v.-F-k-v.-FÂ.-k-n., ¹-k-v-S-q tb-m-K-y-X t\-S-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-«-p-Å-q. _-n-c-p-Z _-n-c-p-Z-m-\-´-c _-n-c-p-Z-w t\-S-n-b H-c-m-sf-t -m-e-p-w Cu {K-m-a-¯-nÂ I-s|-¯-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-«-n-Ã. sa-U-n-¡Â F³-P-n-\-o-b-d-n-w-K-v tI-m-g-v-k-p-IÄ ]T-n-¨-h-c-m-b-n B-c-p-w X-s¶ C-Ã. h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w sN-t¿-| {]-m-b-]-c-n-[-n-b-nÂ s]-S-p-¶ 92 I-p-«-n-IÄ \-n-e-h-nÂ ]T-\-w \-nÀ-¯-n-b-X-m-b-p-w kÀ-sÆ d-n-t -mÀ-«-nÂ (2012) I-s|-¯-n-b-n -«-p -|-v. C-h-c-nÂ 92 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w C-S-b-v-¡-p-sh-¨-v ]T-\-w \-nÀ-¯-n-b-X-n-\-p-Å I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v h-o-«-n-se Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-w, k-m-¼- -n-I ]-c-m-[-o-\-X-IÄ, tX-mÂ-h-n, A-\-y-X-m-t_-m-[-w F-¶-n-h-b-m-W-v.

D-]-P-o-h-\ a-mÀ-¤-§Ä

15 h-b-Ê-n-\-p-a-p-I-f-nÂ {]-m-b-a-p-Å-h-c-p-w 66 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w D-]-P-o-h-\-¯-n-\-m-b-n h-n-h-n-[ sX-m-g-n-e-p-I-f-nÂ GÀ-s¸-«-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. C-X-nÂ 90 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w IÀ-j-I sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-m-W-v. 4 t]À a-m-{X-a-m-W-v kÀ-¡-mÀ-þ AÀ-[ kÀ-¡-mÀ /kz-I-m-c-y Ø-m-]-\-§-f-nÂ tP-m-e-n t\-m-¡-p-¶-X-v.

sX-m-g-nÂ ssh-Z-K-v-[-y-wI-mÀ-j-n-tI-X-c sX-m-g-n -e-p -I-

f-nÂ {]-tX-y-I ssh-Z-K-v -[-y-w t\-S-m³ I-g-n-ª-h-c-m-b-n B-c-p-w Cu ]-©-m-b-¯-n-e-n -Ã. A-X-p-sI-m-|-v X-s¶ I-mÀ-j-n-tI-X-c ta-J-e-b-nÂ A-h-n-Z-K-v-[ I-q-e-n s¯-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-p-sS ]-¦-m-W-v C-hÀ \-nÀ-Æ-l-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. sX-m-g-nÂ ssh-K-²-y- -n-sâ A- -m-h-w B-[-p-\-n-I sX-m-g-nÂ I-t¼-m-f- -nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å A-\-y-h-e-v-¡-c-W-¯-n-te-¡-v \-b-n-¡-p-¶-p.

sX-m-g-n-e-n-Ã-m-b-v-a 15-þ59 {]-m-b-]-c-n-[-n-b-nÂ DÄ-s -

S-p-¶-h-c-nÂ 33 i-X-a-m-\-w sX-m-g-nÂ c-l-n-X-c-m-W-v. C-X-nÂ 21 i-X-a-m-\-w ]-p-c-p-j-·-m-c-p-w 79 i-X-a-m-\-w k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-a-m-W-v.

sX-m-g-n-e-p-d-¸-v ]-²-X-nsX-m-g-n-e-p-d- -v ]-²-X-n B-IÀ-j-n-

¡-s -S-m- H-c-p h-n- -m-K-a-m-W-v ]-W-n-bÀ. h-n-c-e-n-se-®-m-h-p-¶ k-v-{X-o-IÄ a-m-{X-a-m-W-v C-sX-m-c-p D-]-P-o-h-\-a-mÀ-¤-a-m-b-n kz-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. I-q-e-n e- -y-a-m-I-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å I-m-e-X-m-a-k-a-m-W-v Cu ]-²-X-n-tb-m-S-v h-n-a-q-J-X I-m-W-n-


¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å {]-[-m-\ I-m-c-W-a-m-b-n C-hÀ ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v.

Cu Ø-e-¯-v B-Z-y-I-m-e-¯-v ]-²-X-n-b-nÂ k-P-o-h-a-m-b-n tNÀ-¶ ]-e-c-p-w ]-n-¶-o-S-v D-t]-£-n-¡-p-I-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¶-p-w {]-m-Y-a-n-I ]T-\- -nÂ F-¶-p a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-p-h-m³ I-g-n-ª-p.

`-q-a-n89 i-X-a-m-\-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-

¡-p-w kz-´-a-m-b-n `-q-a-n-b-p-w tc-J-I-f-p-a-p-|-v. `-q-D-S-a-Ø-X-b-nÂ I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-nÂ h-e-n-b A-´-c-w \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-n-Ã. 65 i-X-a-m-\-w t]À-¡-v 50-þ100 skâ-p-h-tc b-p-w 12 i-X-a-m-\-w t]À-¡-v 100 skâ-nÂ I-q-S-p-X-e-p-w -q-a-n-b-p-|-v. 23 i-X-a-m-\-w t]À-¡-v 10-þ50 skâ-p-w 1 i-X-a-m-\-¯-n-\-v 10 skâ-nÂ I-p-d-h-p-a-m-W-v -q-a-n. B-Z-n-h-m-k-n ]-p-\-c-[-n-h-m-k a-n-j-sâ `-m-K-a-m b-n `-q-c-l-n-X-c-m-b ]-W-n-bÀ-¡-v B-d-f-w -m-a-nÂ 1 G-¡À h-o-X-w -q-a-n e-`-y-a-m-b-tX-m-sS-b-m-W-v C-h-c-p-sS `-q-c-m-l-n-X-y-¯-n-\-v ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-m-b-X-v. F-¶-mÂ e-`-n-¨ `-q-a-n kz-´-w h-m-k-Ø-e-¯-p \-n-¶-v h-f-sc A-I-se-b-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ N-n-e I-mÀ-j-n-I k-o-k-W-nÂ a-m-{X-ta ]-W-n-bÀ C-h-n-tS-¡-v t]-m-I-p-¶-p-Å-p. C-X-p-a-q -e-w `-q-a-n e-`-n-s¨-¦-n-e-p-w C-sX-m-c-p D-]-P-o-h-\ a-mÀ-¤-a-m-b-n a-m-ä-p-h-m³ Cu h-n-`-m-K-¯-n-\-v I-g-n-ª-n-«-n-Ã.

I-n-S-¸-m-S-w85 i-X-a-m-\-w ]-W-n-b I-p-S-p-w-

_-§Ä-¡-p-w kz-´-a-m-b-n h-o-S-p-Å-X-m-b-m-W-v kÀ-tÆ d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v I-s|-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v. a-d--d-p-Å-hÀ _-Ô-p-¡-tf-m-sS-m-¸-h-p-w N-mÀ-¯-v/N-m-b-v-¸-v sI-«-n-b-p-a-m-W-v X-m-a-k-w. C-X-nÂ X-s¶ 36- i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w P-oÀ-®-m-h-Ø-b-n-e-p-w X-m-a-k tb-m-K-y-a-Ã-m-¯-X-p-a-m-W-v. 72 i-X-a-m-\-w h-o-S-p-I-f-n-e-p-w 2 a-p-d-n-IÄ a-m-{X-ta D-f-f-p. 36 i-X-a-m-\-¯-n-\-v A-S-p-¡-f-b-n-Ã. 5 a-p-XÂ 15 h-sc-b-w-K-§Ä H-c-p I-q-c-b-v-¡-p I-o-g-nÂ X-n-§-n I-g-n-b-p-¶-X-v {]-m-Y-a-n-I ]T-\-¯-nÂ sh-f-n-s¸-«-p. h-n-Z-y-mÀ-

°-n-IÄ-¡-v ]T-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å a-n-\-n-a-w ku-I-c-y-w t]-m-e-p-w a-l-m -q-c-n-]-£-w h-o-S-p-I-f-n-e-p-w e-`-y-a-Ã.

B-tc-m-K-y-w21 i-X-a-m-\-w h-o-S-p -I-f-n -e-p-w

G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å Ø-n-c-a-m-b tc-m-K-a-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶ h-y-à-n-I-f-p-s|-¶-v ]T-\-w sh-f-n-h-m-¡-p-¶-p. C-X-nÂ £-b-w, B-k-v-X-a, Xz-¡-v tc-m-K-§Ä A-\-p-`-h-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-m-W-v I-q-S-p-XÂ. P-o-h-n-X ssi-e-o tc-m-K-§-f-p-w [-m-c-m-f-w t]-sc ]-n-S-n-I-q-S-n-b-n-«-p-|-v. i-m-c-o-c-n-I a-m-\-k-n-I sh-Ã-p-h-n-f-n t\-c-n-S-p-¶ h-y-à-n-I-f-p-Å 41 I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä C-h-n-sS-b-p-|-v. a-m-\-k-n-I ssh-I-e-y-w, _-p-²-n ssh-I-e-y-w, _-[-n-c-X, a-q-I-X, A-Ô-X, F-¶-n-h-b-m-W-v I-s|- -n-b {]-[-m-\ ssh-I-e-y-§Ä.

B-l-m-c e-`-y-X64 i-X-a-m-\-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-

¡-p-w {]-X-n-Z-n-\-w c-|-p t\-c-s¯ B-l-m-c e-`-y-X a-m-{X-ta-b-p-Å-p. 35 i-X-a-m-\-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-v c-|-p a-q-¶-v t\-c-s¯ -£-W-w e- -y-a-m-W-v. `-£-y h-k-v-X-p-¡Ä ]-c-¼-c-m-K-X-a-m-b-n ti-J-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v ]-I-c-w a-mÀ-¡-ä-p-I-tf-b-m-W-v B-{i-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. Cu {K-m-a-¯-n-se ]-W-n-b h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ -q-c-n-]-£-h-p-w c-m-{X-n a-m-{X-a-m-W-v ]-m-N-I-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ ]-m-N-I-w sN-¿-p-¶ i-o-e-h-p-w X-m-c-X-ta-y-\ I-p-d-h-m-W-v.

e-l-c-n ]-Z-mÀ-°-§-f-p-sS D-]-tb-m-K-w

a-Z-y-]-m-\-h-p-w e-l-c-n h-k-v-X-p-¡-f-p-sS D-]-tb-m-K-h-p-w ]-W-n-b I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-nÂ kÀ-Æ k-m-[-m-c-W-a-m-W-v. 54 i-X-a-m-\-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä h-c-p-a-m-\-

-n-sâ ]- -p i-X-a-m-\-w X-p-I e-l-c-n-¡-m-b-n N-n-e-h-g-n-¡-p-¶-p-sh-¶-p-w 25 i-X-a-m-\-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä 10-þ25 i-X-a-m-\-w X-p-I-b-p-w 3 i-X-a-m-\-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä 25 i-X-a-m-\-¯-n-\-p a-p-I-f-n-e-p-Å X-p-I-b-p-w {]-X-n-Z-n-\-w e-l-c-n

h-k-v-X-p-¡Ä-¡-m-b-n N-n-e-h-g-n-¡-p-¶-p. k-v-{X-o-IÄ-¡-p-w I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-p-a-n-S-b-n-e-p-Å a-Z-y-]-m-\- -n-sâ X-o-{h-X I-p-d-ª-n-«-p-s|-¦-n-e-p-w {]-m-b-a-m-b k-v-{X-o-IÄ \-sÃ-m-c-p i-X-a-m-\-w C-t¸-m-g-p-w a-Z-y-]-m-\-w X-p-SÀ-¶-p h-c-p-¶-p.

i-p-N-n-Xz ku-I-c-y-§Ä60 i-X-a-m-\-w ]-W-n-b h-o-S-p-I-

f-nÂ a-m-{X-ta kz-´-a-m-b-n I-¡-q-k-v ku-I-c-y-a-p-Å-p. a-ä-p-Å-hÀ s]-m-X-p I-¡-q-k-p-I-tf-m, ]-p-d-w-t]-m-¡-p-I-tf-m B-W-v {]-m-Y-a-n-I B-h-i-y-§Ä-¡-p th-|-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. k-p-c-£-n-X-h-p-w i-p-N-n-Xz-h-p-a-m-b I-¡-q-k-v ku-I-c-y-w e-`-y-a-Ã-m-¯-X-v k-v-{X-o-I-tf-b-p-w s]¬-I-p-«-n-I-tf-b-p-a-m-W-v G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ _-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-X-p-I-m-c-W-w k-p-tc-y-m-Z-b- -n-\-p a-p-t¼-m, A-k-v-X-a-b-¯-n-\-p ti-j-ta-m B-b-n {]-m-Y-a-n-I-m-h-i-y-§Ä \-nÀ-Æ-l-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å k-a-b-w {I-a-o-I-c-n-¡-p-h-m³ k-v-{X-o IÄ \-nÀ-_-Ô-n-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-p. I-¡-q-k-v e- -y-a-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w P-e ZuÀ-e-`-y-w I-m-c-W-w C-h i-p-N-n-Xz ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-n k-q-£-n-¡-p-h-m³ a-l-m-`-q-c-n-]-£-w ]-W-n-b I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-p-w I-g-n-b-p-¶-n-sÃ-¶-v ]T-\-w sh-f-n-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p. C-X-p-I-m-c-W-w I-¡-q-k-v e-`-y-a-m-b I-p-S-p-w-_ §Ä t]-m-e-p-w ]-X-n-h-m-b-n D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶-n-Ã.

I-p-S-n-sh-f-f-w4 i-X-a-m-\-¯-nÂ X-m-sg a-m-{X-w

I-p-S-p-w-_-§Ä-¡-m-W-v kz-´-a-m-b-n I-p-S-n-sh-Å I-n-WÀ/ I-p-gÂ I-n-WÀ D-Å-q. 51 i-X-a-m-\-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-p-w s]-m-X-p I-n-W-d-n-s\-b-m-W-v B-{i-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. 40 i-X-a-m-\-w I-p-S-p-w-_-§-f-p-w \-Z-n, tX-m-S-v, \-oÀ- -mÂ, A-\-y-h-y-à-n-I-f-p-sS I-n-W-d-p-IÄ F-¶-n-h-sb B-{i-b-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-p-S-n-sh-Å I-n-W-d-p-I-f-nÂ \-sÃ-m-c-p -m-K-w ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-p-w a-e-n-\-o-I-c-n-¡-s¸-«-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

K-mÀ-l-n-I ssh-Z-y-p-X-o-I-c-W-w65 i-X-a-m-\-w h-o-S-p-I-f-p-w ssh-

Z-y-p -X-o-I-c-n -¨-n -«-n -Ã. ssh-Z-y-p -X-o-I-c-n-¨ h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ `-q-c-n-]-£-¯-n-e-p-w ssh-Z-y-p -X-n I-W-£³ e-`-y-a-Ã. I-W-£³ e-`-n-¨-X-p X-s¶ ]-n-¶-o-S-v h-n-tÑ-Z-n-¡-s¸-« \-n-e-b-n-e-m-W-v. h-c-p-a-m-\-¯-n-se A-\-n-Ý-n-X-Xz-w I-m-c-W-w ssh-Z-y-p-X-n I-c-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n H-S-p-¡-p-h-m³ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v I-g-n-b-m-sX t]-m-h-p-¶-p. C-X-p I-m-c-W-w

21 i-X-am-\w ho-Sp-I-fn-epw G-sX-¦n-epw X-c-¯n-ep-Å Øn-c-am-b tcm-K-a-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶ hy-àn-I-fp-s|-¶v ]T-\w sh-fn-hm-¡p-¶p. C-XnÂ £-bw, B-kv-X-a, Xz-¡v tcm-K-§Ä A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv Iq-Sp-XÂ. Po-hn-X ssi-eo tcm-K-§-fpw [m-cm-fw t]-sc ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn-bn-«p-|v.


ssh-Z-y-p-X-n I-W-£³ e- -n- -X-p t]-m-e-p-w h-n-tÑ-Z-n-¡-s¸-«-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. K-mÀ-l-n-I ssh-Z-y-p-X-o-hÂ-¡-c-W- -n-sâ A-`-m-h-w G-ä-h-p-w I-q-S-p-XÂ {]-X-n-I-q-e-a-m-b-n _-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-X-v h-n-Z-y-mÀ °-n-I-f-p-Å I-p-S-p-w-_-§-sf-b-m-W-v.

k-m-a-q-l-y k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz-w{]-m -tZ-i-n -I kÀ-¡-m-c-p -IÄ

\-n-c-h-[-n k-m-a-q-l-y k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz ]-²-X-n-IÄ \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-p-s|-¦-n-e-p-w AÀ-l-c-m-b a-p-g-p-h³ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n -I-sf-b-p -w C-h \Â-I-p -¶ k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz h-e-b-¯-nÂ DÄ-t¨À-¡-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-«-n-sÃ-¶-v kÀ-tÆ ^-e-§Ä sh-f-n-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p. D-Z-m-l-c-W-¯-n-\-v h-n-[-h-I-f-m-b 56 k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-s|-¦-n-e-p-w 17 t]À-¡-v a-m-{X-a-m-W-v h-n-[-h-m s]³-j³ e-`-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. Cu k-w-J-y-b-nÂ 69 h-b-Ê-v I-g-n-ª 97 t]À D-s|-¦-n-e-p-w 26 t]À-¡-v a-m-{X-a-m-W-v h-mÀ-²-I-y-I-m-e s]³-j³ e-`-n-¨-p-h-c-p-¶-X-v. sX-m-g-n-se-S-p-¡-p-¶ P-\-k-w-J-y-b-nÂ 90 i-X-a-m-\-w t]-c-p-w IÀ-j-I sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w 5 t]À-¡-v a-m-{X-a-m-W-v IÀ-j-I sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n s]³-j³ e- -n-¡-p-¶-X-v. kz- -w A-h-I-m-i-§Ä X-n-c-n- -p-]-n-S-n-¡-m-\-p-Å ti-j-n ]-W-n-bÀ C-¶-p-w BÀ-Ö-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã. A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w AÀ-l-X-s¸-« A-h-I-m-i-§Ä B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v \Â-I-m³ {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-I-f-p-w th-|-{X h-n-P-b-n- -n-«-n-sÃ-¶-v taÂ I-W-¡-p-I-f-p-w k-q-N-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-p.

k-m-a-q-l-n-I a-q-e-[-\ c-q-]-o-I-c-W-wk-m-a-q-l-y k-w-L-S-\-I-f-p-sS

h-n-]-p-e-a-m-b i-r-w-J-e-b-n-e-p-w ]u-c-k-a-q-l I-q-«-m-b-v-a-b-n-e-p-w I-®-n-tN-cÂ, k-a-q-l-y a-q-e-[-\-w kz-c-q-]-n-¡-m-\-p-w A-X-p-h-g-n Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-h-p-w. ]-e-X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å N-q-j-W-s¯-b-p-w B-ß-h-n-iz-m-k-t¯-m-sS F-X-n-c-n-S-m³ I-c-p-¯-p-w \Â-I-p-¶-X-m-b-n ]-e ]T-\-§-f-p-w sX-f-n-b-n-¨-n-«-p-|-v. tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-nÂ I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o-IÄ h-l-n-¡-p-¶ ]-¦-v h-f-sc h-e-p-X-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w ]-W-n-bÀ t]-m-e-p-Å Z-pÀ-_-e B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-`-m-K-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-nÂ th-|-{X kz-m-[-o-\-w t\-S-m³ Cu h-n- -m-K-§Ä-¡-m-b-n-«-n-Ã. ]-W-n-bÀ-¡-v a-m-{X-a-m-b-n 10 A-bÂ-¡-q-«-§Ä c-q-]-o-I-c-n-s¨-¦-n-e-p-w C-h-sb-Ã-m-w G-sd-¡-p-sd \-nÀ-Ö-o-h-a-m-sW-¶-m-W-v

{]-m-Y-a-n-I ]T-\-¯-nÂ sX-f-n-b-p-¶-X-v. h-c-p-a-m-\-¯-n-se A-\-n-Ý-n-X-Xz-w a-q-e-w X-r- -v-ä-v I-r-X-y-a-m-b-n H-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-nÂ ]-c-m-P-b-s¸-S-p-¶-X-m-W-v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n k-v-{X-o-IÄ I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w A-I-¶-v t]-m-h-m³ {]-[-m-\ I-m-c-W-§-f-n-se-m-s¶-¶-m-W-v {]-m-Y-a-n-I ]T-\-¯-n-Â sX-f-n-b-p-¶-X-v.

B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-I-k-\-w þ {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ Du-¶-Â \Â-tI-| ta-J-e-IÄ

H-c-p {K-m-a-¯-n-sâ A-\-p-`-h-w t\-c-n-«-d-n-b-m³ \-S-¯-n-b k-q-£-v-a-]T-\-w `-m-h-n B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-I-k-\-w k-w-_-Ô-n- N-n-e DÄ-I-m-g-v-N-IÄ I-q-S-n \Â-I-p-¶-p-|-v. A-X-p-I-q-S-n B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-I-k-\-¯-nÂ t\-X-r-Xz-]-c-a-m-b ]-¦-v h-l-n-¡-m³ N-p-a-X-e-s¸-« {]-m-tZ-i-n-I `-c-W-m-[-n-I-m-c-n-IÄ-¡-p-w D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä-¡-p-w B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-n-I-k-\-¯-nÂ t\-c-n-«-v C-S-s]-S-p-¶ k-¶-² c-m-{ã-o-b {]-Ø-m-\-§Ä-¡-p-w a-p-¼-nÂ A-h-X-c-n-¸-n-¡-m³ I-q-S-n Cu te-J-\-w {]-tb-m-P-\-s¸-S-W-sa-¶-v D-t±-i-n-¡-p-¶-p. _-l-p-X-e-§-f-n-e-p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-f-m-W-v I-m-e-L-«-w B-h-i-y-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. A-X-nÂ {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-I-f-p-sS a-p³-I-¿-nÂ G-sä-S-p-t¡-| B-d-v {]-[-m-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\ ta-J-e-IÄ N-p-h-sS sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶-p.

B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS ti-j-n-IÄ hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¡-p-I

a-Z-y-¯-n-sâ A-a-n-X D-]-tb-m-K-w, `-£-W-a-n-Ã-m-b-v -a, t]-m-j-I-m-

l-m-c-I-p-d-h-v, tc-m-K-§-Ä a-p-X-e-m-b I-m-c-W-§-Ä \-n -a-n -¯-w B-b-pÀ-ssZÀ-L-y-w I-p-d-ª ]-W-n-bÀ-¡-v B-tc-m-K-y-t¯-m-sS-b-p-Å Z-oÀ-L-m-b-p-Ê-v {]-Z-m-\-w sN-¿-m³ _-l-p-X-e C-S-s]-S-e-p-IÄ D-|-m-h-W-w. a-m-\-h-ti-j-n h-n-I-k-\-h-p-a-m-b-n _-Ô-s -«-v H-t«-sd N-p-a-X-e-I-f-p-w Ø-m-]-\-§-f-p-w D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-p-w X-m-sg ¯-«-n-e-p-Å {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ-¡-v \Â-I-n-b-n-«-p-|-v. Cu k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä D-]-tb-m-K-s -S-p- -n B-Z-n-h-m-k-n k-a-q-l- -n-\-v sa- -s -« h-n -Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-h-p -w B-tc-m-K-y-h-p -w {]-Z-m-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w {]-[-m-\ Du-¶Â \Â-tI-|-X- v. a-p-J-y-[-m-c-m k-a-q-l-h-p-a-m-b-n B-ß-h-n-iz-m-k-t¯-m-sS t\-c-n-«-v C-S-s]-S-W-sa-¦-nÂ K-p-W-\-n-e-h-m-c-a-p-Å h-n-Z-y-m- -y-m-k-w BÀ-Ö-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-h-g-n a-m-{X-sa k-m-[-n-¡-p-I-b-p-Å-q. h-y-à-n-b-p-sS, k-a-q-l-¯-n-sâ a-sä-Ã-m ta-J-e-I-f-n-e-p-a-p-Å ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-¡-v N-m-e-I-a-m-b-n hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-I h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w X-s¶-b-m-W-v. B-b-X-n-\-mÂ sa-¨-s¸-« h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-w Ø-n-c-a-m-b-n \Â-I-m-\-p-Å k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ H-c-p-¡-W-w. ]T-\ {]-{I-n-¿-b-nÂ X-s¶ ]-p-X-n-b I-q-«-n-t¨À-¡-e-p-IÄ A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-W-v. {]-m-Y-a-n-I-X-e-¯-n-se-¦-n-e-p-w C-h-c-p-sS `-m-j ]T-\-{]-{I-n-¿-b-p-sS `-m-K-a-m-¡-m³ {i-a-n -¡-W-w. C-X-v A-\-y-X-m-t_-m-[-w e-L-q-I-c-n-¡-p-w. Hu-]-N-m-c-n-I-þ-A-\u-]-N-m-c-n-I h-n-Z-y-m--y-m-k k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-sf H-c-p-t]-m-se


tNÀ-¯-p-\-nÀ-¯-p-h-m³ {]-tX-y-I-w {i-²-n-¡-W-w.

B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS {]-m-tZ-i-n-I k-w-L-S-\-m k-w-h-n -[-m -\-§Ä i-à-n-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I

k-w-L-S-n-X h-n-`-m-K-§Ä-¡-v a-m-{X sa A-h-c-p-sS i-_-v-Z-w a-ä-p-Å-h-sc tIÄ-¸-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-w th-K-¯-nÂ A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-w I-g-n-b-p-I-b-p-Å-q (\-m-c-m-b¬ 2002). {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v X-e-¯-nÂ ]-c-n-ti-m-[-n-¨-mÂ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v k-w-L-S-n-¡-m-\-p-w A-h-c-p-sS i-_-v-Z-w a-ä-p-Å-h-sc tIÄ-¸-n-¡-m-\-p-w I-g-n-b-p-¶ G-ä-h-p-w {]-[-m-\ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y th-Z-n-I-f-m-W-v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n Du-c-p-I-q-«-§Ä. C-h-sb i-à-n-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n {i-a-§Ä D-|-m-h-W-w. Cu k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-]-c-a-m-b-n {]-hÀ-¯-n-¡-p-¶-p-sh-¶-v D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å N-p-a-X-e-b-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ-¡-m-W-v. k-m-a-q-l-y N-n-´-IÀ A-`-n-{]-m-b-s¸-«-X-p-t]-m-se H-c-p k-w-L-S-\-b-p-sS B-´-c-n-I {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y-]-c-h-p-w DuÀ-Ö-kz-e-h-p-a-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ kz-m-`-m-h-n-I-a-m-b-p-w A-X-nÂ ]-s¦-S-p-¡-p-¶-h-sc-b-p-w A-X-v kz-m-[-o-\-n-¡-p-w. C-X-v I-q-S-p-XÂ D-bÀ-¶ P-\-m-[-n-]-X-y th-Z-n-I-f-nÂ B-ß-h-n-iz-m-k-t¯-m-sS ]-s¦-S-p-¡-p-h-m³ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-sb {]-m-]-v-X-c-m-¡-p-w. c-m-{ã-o-b-a-m-b i-m-à-o-I-c-W-¯-n-sâ H-c-p D-]-m-[-n-b-m-b-n I-q-S-n Du-c-p-I-q-«-§-sf ]-c-n-hÀ-¯-n-¸-n-¡-W-w.

k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I ssh-P-m-X-y-w A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¡-p-I, I-o-g-m-f h-n-`-m-K-§Ä-¡-v a-p³-K-W-\ \Â-I-p-I

k-m-a-q-l-y ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-b-n-e-p-w k-m-¼-¯-n-I h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-e-p-w tI-c-f-¯-n-se B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ h-n-h-n-[ X-«-p-I-f-n-e-m-W-v. kÀ-¡-mÀ t£-a-]-²-X-n-I-f-p-w k-w-h-c-W-h-p-w \Â-I-n-b A-h-k-c-§Ä X-m-c-X-ta-y-\ I-q-S-p-XÂ BÀ-Ö-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-ª h-n-`-m-K-§-f-p-w N-c-n-{X-]-c-a-m-b N-q-j-W-h-p-w ]-c-m-[-o-\-X-I-f-p-w a-m-ä-a-n-Ã-m-sX C-t¸-m-g-p-w G-ä-p-h-m-§-p-¶-h-c-p-w F-¶-n c-|-v thÀ-X-n-c-n-h-p-IÄ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n k-a-q-l- -nÂ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. {]-m-tZ-i-n-I ]-²-X-n-I-f-nÂ Cu c-|-m-a-s¯ h-n- -m-K- -n-\-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w I-q-S-p-XÂ ]-c-n-K-W-\ \Â-tI-|-X-v.

A-´-tÊ-m-sS P-o-h-n -¡-m-\-p-Å A-S-n-Ø-m-\ ku-I-c-y-§Ä e-`-y-a-m-¡-p-I

k-p-c-£-n-X-a-m-b I-n -S-¸-m-S-w, i-p-²-a-m-b I-p-S-n-sh-Å-w, sh-f-n-¨-w, i-p-N-n-Xz-a-mÀ-¶ ]-c-n-k-c-w F-¶-o L-S-I-§Ä A-´-tÊ-m-sS P-o-h-n-¡-m³ G-sX-m-c-p h-y-à-n-¡-p-w k-a-q-l- -n-\-p-w A-X-y- -m-t]-£-n-X-a-m-W-v. I-n-S-¸-m-S-w a-\-p-j-y-\-v k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz-w a-m-{X-a-Ã k-m-a-q-l-y A-´-Ê-p-I-q-S-n {]-[-m-\-w sN-¿-p-¶-p-|-v. te-m-I-s -Ã-m-b-n-S- -p-w Z-c-n-{Z-s\ X-n-c-n- -d-n-b-m-\-p-Å F-f-p- -k-q-N-I-a-m-W-v P-oÀ-®-n- h-o-S-p-IÄ. Cu ]T-\-m-\-p-`-h-w C-X-v Ø-n-c-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. B-b-X-n-\-mÂ Z-m-c-n-{Z-y-\-nÀ-½-mÀ-Ö-\ {]-hÀ- -\-§-f-nÂ K-p-W-\-n-e-h-m-c-a-p-Å I-n-S- -m-S-h-p-w A-\-p-_-Ô ku-I-c-y-§-f-p-w e- -y-a-m-I-p-¶-X-nÂ D-bÀ-¶ ]-c-n-K-W-\ \Â-I-W-w. h-n-Z-y-mÀ-°-n-I-f-p-sS ]T-\-m- -c-o-£-w sa- -s -S-W-sa-¦-nÂ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n h-o-S-p-I-f-p-sS ssh-Z-y-p-X-o-I-c-W-w A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-W-v. h-c-p-a-m-\ A-\-n-Ý-n-X-Xz-w A-\-p- -h-n-¡-p-¶ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v B-hÀ- -\ sN-e-h-p-IÄ h-f-sc I-p-d-ª k-w-h-n-[-m-\-w H-c-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-e-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w {i-²-n-t¡-|-X-v. D-Z-m-l-c-W-w tk-m-f-mÀ X-p-S-§-n-b-h.

P-o-h-t\-m-]-m-[-n-IÄ h-n-I-k-n-¸-n-¡-p-I

B-{i-n-X-Xz a-t\-m-`-m-h-w A-h-k-m-\-n-¸-n-¨-v kz-´-w I-m-e-nÂ \-nÂ-¡-p-h-m³ C-h-sc {]-m-]- v -X-c-m-¡-W-w. kz-´-a-m-b-n `-q-a-n e-`-y-a-m-b-n-«-p-w A-sX-m-c-p {]-[-m-\ P-o-h-t\-m-]-m-[-n-b-m-b-n I-W-¡-m-¡-p-h-m³ \-sÃ-m-c-p h-n- -m-K-w B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-w C-X-p-h-sc X-¿-m-d-m-b-n-«-n-Ã F-¶-X-m-W-v Cu ]T-\-w sh-f-n-h-m-¡-p-¶-X-v. A-tX-m-sS-m-

-w I-mÀ-j-n-I I-mÀ-j-n-tI-X-c ta-J-e-I-f-nÂ sX-m-g-nÂ ssh-h-n-²-y-w D-|-m-¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å ]-²-X-n-I-f-p-w G-sä-S-p-t¡-|-X-p-|-v. A-S-n-Ø-m-\ h-n-Z-y-m- -y-m-k-s¯ t]-m-se X-s¶ k-m-t¦-X-n-I h-n-Z-y-m-`-y-m-k-h-p-w I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v e-`-y-a-m-¡-p-h-m³ {i-²-n-¡-W-w. C-X-p-h-g-n A-S-p-¯ X-e-a-p-d-sb-¦-n-e-p-w B-[-p-\-n-I sX-m-g-nÂ I-t¼-m-f-¯-nÂ C-S-s]-S-m-\-p-w B-tK-m-f-hÂ-¡-c-W-w X-IÀ-¯ P-o-h-t\-m-]-m-[-n -IÄ-¡-v ]-I-c-w ]-p-X-n-b sX-m-g-n-e-h-k-c-§Ä I-s|-¯-p-h-m-\-p-w C-h-sc {]-m-]-v-X-

c-m-¡-p-¶-p. k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-sS h-c-p-a-m-\ hÀ-²-\-h-n-\-v D-X-I-p-¶ ]-²-X-n-IÄ {]-tX-y-I-w N-n-«-s¸-S-p-¯-W-w. k-v-{X-o-I-f-p-sS D-]-P-o-h-\ a-mÀ-¤-w D-d-¸-m-b-mÂ A-X-v I-p-S-p-w-_- -n-\-v a-p-g-p-h³ {]-tb-m-P-\-s¸-S-p-w.

k-m-a-q-l-y k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz h-e-b-w h-n-]-p-e-s¸-S-p-¯-p-I

h-f-sc sN-d-n-b X-p-I-b-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w P-o-h-n-X-¯-n-se {]-X-n-k-Ô-n L-«-§-f-nÂ k-m-a-q-l-y s]³-j³ \Â-I-p-¶ B-iz-m-k-h-p-w k-p-c-£-n-X-Xz-h-p-w sN-d-p-X-Ã. {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ h-g-n \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-p-¶ k-m-a-q -l-y k-p -c -£-m s]³-j³ ]-²-X-n-I-f-nÂ AÀ-l-c-m-b a-p-g-p-h³ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-sf-b-p-w A-S-n-b-´-n-c-a-m-b-n DÄ-t¨À-¡-W-w. A-tX-m-sS-m-¸-w a-ä-p-X-«-n-e-p-Å kÀ-¡-mÀ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§Ä \Â-I-n-h-c-p-¶ ]-²-X-n-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-v B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ H-g-n-h-m-¡-s¸-S-p-¶-n-sÃ-¶-v D-d-¸-p-h-c-p-¯-p-h-m-\-p-Å D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-Xz-h-p-w {]-m-tZ-i-n-I kÀ-¡-m-c-p-I-f-p-w k-¶-²- c-m-{ã-o-b-{]-Ø-m-\-§-f-p-w G-sä-S-p-t¡-|-X-p-|-v. h-n-]-p-e-a-m-b k-m-a-q-l-y-k-p-c-£-m h-e-b-¯-nÂ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-sf DÄ-t¨À-¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å \-n-c-´-c-a-m-b {i-a-w F-Ã-m-`-m-K-¯-p-\-n-¶-p-w D-|-m-h-W-w.

B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS ]-p-tc-m-K-X-n-b-p-w h-n-I-k-\-h-p-w B-X-y-´-n-I-a-m-b-n k-m-[-y-a-m-t¡-|-X-p-w A-h-c-n-e-q-sS X-s¶-b-m-W-v. F-¶-mÂ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ t\-c-n-S-p-¶ {]-X-n-k-Ô-n-IÄ-s¡-m-¶-p-w D-¯-c-h-m-Z-n-IÄ B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-Ã. B-b-X-n-\-mÂ h-n-h-n-[ X-«-n-e-p-Å kÀ-¡-m-c-p-IÄ, k-m-a-q-l-y-þ-c-m-{ã-o-b {]-Ø-m-\-§Ä, _-p-²-n-P-o-h-n-IÄ, D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø k-w-h-n-[-m-\-h-p-w ]u-c-k-a-q-l-¯-n-se a-sä-Ã-m P-\-h-n-`-m-K-§-f-p-w ]-n-´-p-W-b-v-¡-m-\-p-w k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-w a-p-t¶-m-«-v h-c-p-¶-X-n-e-q-sS a-m-{X-sa A-´-tÊ-m-sS P-o-h-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-Å H-c-p k-m-a-q-l-y-]-c-n-k-c-w B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-IÄ-¡-v X-n-c-n-sI e-`-n-¡-p-I-b-p-Å-q. Cu t_-m-[-y-¯-n-te-¡-v F-¶-m-tW-m s]-m-X-p-k-a-q-l-w F-¯-n-t¨-c-p-¶-X-v A-¶-p-a-m-{X-sa B-Z-n-h-m-k-n-I-f-p-sS Z-p-c-n -X-¯-n-\-v A-h-k-m-\-a-p-Å-q F-¶-p-I-q-S-n C-h-n-sS {]-tX-y-I-w H-mÀ-½-s¸-S-p-¯-s«.

teJ-I³ ]n-W-dm-bn {Km-a-]-©mb-¯v sk-{I-«-dn-bmWv


\-o-e-h-n -c-n -b-n -« h-n-i-m-e-a-m-b

sa-¯-b-nÂ k-q-c-y-\-p-d-§-m³ X-¿-m-

d-m-h-p-¶-p. X-W-p- I-m-ä-p-w X-W-p-t -

sd-b-p-Å A-´-c-o-£-h-p-w D-Z-b-sâ

D-{K-N-q-S-n-\-v i-a-\-w \Â-I-n. D-Z-b³

i-m-´-\-m-b-n D-d-¡-¯-n -te-b- v -¡- v

\-o-§-p-h-m³ X-p-S-§-p-¶-p; c-m-h-n-sâ

]-n-d-h-n-¡-m-b-n h-g-n-a-m-d-n-s¡-m-s|-¶-

t]-m-se.

A-´-n-sh-b-n-e-n-sâ A-c-p-W-n-

a-b-nÂ ]-S-n -ª-m-d³ N-{I-h-m-f-w

X-n-f-§-n-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-p. -k-Ô-y-m- -k-a-

b-¯-n-\-p- -a-p-¼-p- -X-s¶- -C-f-w- -ssi-

X-y-t -m-sS C-c-p-«-p-h-o-W-p X-p-S-§-p-¶

hÀ-j-m-´-y-a-m-k-w. I-¸-b-p-w ]-b-d-p-w

]-m-h-e-p-sa-Ã-m-w G-sd-\-mÄ X-c-n-i-m-

b-n I-n-S-¶ -]-g-b s\Â-¸-m-S-§Ä-¡-v

]-p-X-p-P-o-h³ \Â-I-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

{K-m-a-¯-n-se td-m-U-n-\-n-c-p-h-i-h-p-w

I-mÀ-j-n-I-k-a-r-²-n.

]-¨-]-p-X-¨-p-I-n-S-¡-p-¶ ]-m-S-ti-

J-c- -n-\-v C-S-b-n-e-q-sS-b-p-Å td-m-U-n

-e-q-sS A-§-p-Z-q-sc \-K-c-¯-n-

te-b-v-¡-p-Å b-m-{X-b-n-e-m-W-v c-m-P-o-h-v-

ta-t\-m-\-p-w I-p-S-p-w-_-h-p-w. ta-t\-m³

\-K-c-¯-nÂ tP-m-e-n-I-n-«-n-t]-m-I-p-¶-

X-p-h-sc \-m-«-n-se I-r-j-n- A-\-p-`-

h-n-¨-d-n-ª-n-«-p-|-v. tN-¼-p-w s\-Ã-p-w

h-m-g-b-p-w I-¸-b-p-w I-p-c-p-a-p-f-I-p-w I-m-

¸-n-b-p-sa-m-s¡ ta-t\-m-sâ I-p-S-p-w-_-

¯-nÂ A-¶-v I-r-j-n-sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-p.

C-¶-v I-r-j-n-sb-m-¶-p-a-n-Ã, \-m-«-nÂ

]-eÀ-¡-p-sa-¶-t]-m-se.

I-d-n-th-¸-n-e-b-p-w I-m-´-m-c-n-b-p-w

t]-m-e-p-w c-m-P-o-h-v ta-t\-m-\-v C-¶-v h-n-

e-sI-m-S-p-¯-v h-m-§-W-w. \-m-«-nÂ H-m-

a-b-v-¡ F-¶-d-n-b-s -«-n-c-p-¶ I- -f-§

tX-m-c³ sh-b-v-¡-m³ h-f-sc \-Ã-X-m-

b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-X-n-\-p-a-n-¶-v \-K-c-¯-nÂ

I-n-te-m-b-v -¡-v 30 c-q-]-tb-m-f-a-m-W-v

h-n-e. N-¡-b-p-w H-m-a-b-v-¡-b-p-sa-m-g-n-

sI \-K-c-¯-nÂ I-n-«-p-¶ a-sä-Ã-m-w

h-n -j-a-b-w. \-m-«-n -se-¯-p-t¼-mÄ

h-n-j-a-n-Ã-m-¯ ]-¨-¡-d-n-I-f-p-w \-m-

S³ I-r-j-n DÂ-¸-¶-§-f-p-sa-m-s¡

A-X-y-m-h-i-y-¯-n-\-p h-m-§-n I-m-d-n-

sâ U-n-¡-n-b-n-e-n-S-p-I ]-X-n-h-m-W-v.

I-h-e-IÄ H-m-tc-m-¶-p X-m-|-n I-mÀ

F-w.-k-n. td-m-U-n-te-b-v-¡-p I-b-d-m-d-m-

b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-m-g-v-N-b-n-se I-mÀ-j-n-I

k-w-k-v-I-r-X-n-s¡-m-c-p a-m-ä-w.

N-{µ-\-p -W-c-m³ t\-c-a-m -b-n.

{]-I-r-X-n-¡-v {]-I-m-i-w \Â-tI-|

U-y-q-«-n D-S³ X-s¶ N-{µ³ G-sä-

S-p-¡-p-w. H-c-m-f-n-sâ U-y-q-«-n I-g-n-ª-v

a-sä-b-mÄ U-y-q-«-n-¡-v F-¯-n-s¡-m-

|-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ k-a-b-w. a-§-n-b ]-IÂ

sh-f-n-¨-h-p-w C-c-p-f-m³ X-p-S-§-p-¶

C-c-p-«-p-w I-q-S-n-I-eÀ-s¶-m-c-p A-c-|

sh-f-n-¨-w.

td-m-U-n-sâ ssk-U-p tNÀ-¶-v

H-c-mÄ ssk-¡-nÄ N-h-n-«-n-t -m-I-p-¶-p.

X-p-c-p-¼-p-]-n-S-n- ssk-¡-n-f-n-sâ I-m-c-n-

b-d-nÂ H-c-p sI-«-v ]-bÀ. ]-m-S-¯-p-\-n-

¶-v H-cÂ-]-w a-p-¼-v ]-d-n-¨-tX-b-p-Å-q.

P-o-h³ ]-qÀ-W-a-m-b-p-w ]-b-d-n-s\ h-n-

\-·-b-p-sS ]‑bÀ a‑W‑n‑IÄ

tdm-bv Nm-t¡m C-f-a-®qÀ


«-p-t]-m-b-n-«-n-Ã. A-h-k-m-\ k-v-]-µ-\-w

A-c-ª-m-W ]-b-d-nÂ A-h-ti-j-n-

¡-p-¶-p-|-v.

tS-m-]-v-K-n-b-d-nÂ \-n-¶-v \-y-q-{S-e-n-

te-b-v-¡-n-«-p. sN-d-p-X-m-b-n s{_-b-v-¡-p-w

sN-b-v-X-p. ssk-¡-n-f-n-\-S-p-¯-v I-m-

sd-¯-n-b-t¸-mÄ IÀ-j-I-t\-m-S-m-b-n

c-m-P-o-h-v tN-m-Z-n-¨-p.

""]-bÀ h-nÂ-¡-m-\-m-tW-m?''

tN-m-Z-y-w tI-«-t -mÄ X-s¶ IÀ-

j-I³ ssk-¡-nÄ- -H-X-p-¡-n- -\-nÀ- -n-

N-m-S-n-b-n-d-§-n. A-²z-m-\-n- -p-|-m-¡-n-b

X-sâ h-n-f-h-n-\-p-Å B-h-i-y-¡-m-c-

sâ h-n-f-n k-w-X-r-]-v-X-n-b-m-b-n A-b-m-

f-p-sS a-p-J-¯-v {]-X-n-^-e-n-¨-p.

sX-m -« -S -p -¯ P-w -K- v -j-\-n -se

]-¨-¡-d-n -¡-S-b-nÂ sI-m-|-p-sI-m-

S-p-¡-m-\-m-W-v IÀ-j-I-sâ t]-m-¡-v.

C-t¸-mÄ I-¨-h-S-w \-S-¶-mÂ B

b-m -{X H-g - n -h-m -¡-m -a -tÃ-m F-¶

k-t´-m -j-¯-n -Â A-b-mÄ H-m -

c-w tNÀ-¶-p- -\-n-¶-p. ""k-m-td, -]-

bÀ- -X-n-c-ª-p- -s]-d-p-¡-n-b-X-Ã'' -IÀ-

j-I³- -B-Z-y-ta P-m-a-y-sa-S-p-¯-p.

c-m-P-o-h-v ta-t\-m-\-p-w ]-|-v C-X-p-

t]-m-se ]-bÀ-]-d-n-¨-p-sI-«-n h-o-«-n-te-

b-v-¡-p- -sI-m-|-p-t]-m-b-n-«-p-|-v. A-X-nÂ

a-q-¯-X-p-w- -tI-S-m-b-X-p-w I-t|-¡-m-w.

a-q-¯-]-bÀ s]-m-f-n-¨-v A-X-n-se a-W-n-

IÄ sa-g-p-¡-p-]-p-c-«-m-\-p-w tX-m-c³

h-b-v-¡-m-\-p-w F-S-p-¡-p-w. I-f-b-m-d-n-Ã-m-

b-n-c-p-¶-p. AÂ-]-w a-p-¼-p-a-m-{X-w ]-d-n-

s¨-S-p-¯ ]-b-d-n-sâ \-m-S³ K-Ô-w.

X-n-c-ª-p-s]-d-p-¡-n-b-n-«-n-Ã F-¶-b-mÄ

]-d-ª-p-sh-¦-n-e-p-w A-X-nÂ X-n-c-

ª-p-I-f-b-m³ H-¶-p-a-n-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

H-t¶-m c-t|-m a-q-¯ (h-n-f-ª-p-

t]-m-b) ]-b-d-p-IÄ a-m-{X-w.

IÀ-j-I-sâ \-n -j- v -¡-f-¦-X

c-m-P-o-h-v X-n-c-n -¨-d-n-ª-p. tI-S-m-b

H-c-p ]-b-d-p-t]-m-e-p-w h-m-§-p-¶-b-m-

f-n-se-¯-c-p-sX-¶ \-nÀ-_-Ô-a-p-Å

b-Y-mÀ-° IÀ-j-I³. sI-m-Å-e-m-`-

t¯-m-S-v X-mÂ-]-c-y-a-Ã-m-¯-h³.

""I-n-te-m-b-v-s¡-{X c-q-]?''

""\-mÂ-¸-¯-©-v''. IÀ-j-I³

a-d-p-]-S-n \Â-I-n.

""a-mÀ-¡-ä-nÂ 60 c-q-] h-n-e-b-p-

|-tÃ-m ]-b-d-n-\-v. A-X-nÂ ]-I-p-X-n

h-m-S-n-b-X-p-w I-p-td tI-S-m-b-X-p-a-m-b-n-

c-n-¡-p-w. ]-b-d-n-sâ a-W-a-n-Ã. G-tX-m

h-n-j-¯-n-sâ a-W-h-p-w A-c-p-N-n-b-p-a-m-

I-p-w ]-b-d-n-\-v.'' ta-t\-m³ N-n-´-n-¨-p.

B N-n -´ -I-|-v IÀ-j-I³

]-d-ª-p. ""a-c-p-¶-S-n-¡-m-¯ ]-b-d-m

k-m-td. A-X-p-sI-m-|-v N-n-e ]-b-d-n-

se-m-s¡ ]-p-g-p-¡-p-¯-p I-m-W-p-w''.

ta-t\-m³ ]-bÀ H-¶-p -I-q -S -n

t\-m-¡-n. ]-p-g-p-¡-p-¯-p-Å-h \-m-te-m

A-t©-m a-m-{X-w. A-t¸-mÄ-¯-s¶

IÀ-j-I³ B ]-b-d-v F-S-p-¯-p-a-m-ä-n.

""H-c-p I-n-te-m X-m''.

IÀ-j-I³ I-p-sd ]-bÀ sI-m-

|-p-h-¶-v I-m-d-n-sâ U-n-¡-n-b-nÂ h- -p.

ta-t\-m-\-v k-w-i-b-a-m-b-n. H-c-p

I-n-te-m C-sÃ-¦-n-te-m. B k-w-i-b-w

a-®-n-sâ a-W-a-d-n-b-p-¶ IÀ-j-I³

X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-ª-p. ""k-m-d-n-\-v k-w-i-b-a-p-

s|-¦-nÂ X-q-¡-m-w. X-oÀ-¨-b-m-b-p-w

H-c-p I-n-te-m I-m-W-p-w''.

B ]-m-h-w IÀ-j-I-\-nÂ ta-

t\-m-\-v h-n-iz-m-k-a-p-|-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

A-d-n-ª-p-sI-m-|-b-mÄ I-_-f-n-¸-n-

¡-p-I-b-n-Ã. I-m-c-W-w A-b-mÄ C-S-\-n-

e-¡-m-c-\-Ã-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. A-²z-m-\-n-¨-p

I-r-j-n-sN-b-v -X-v, A-X-p-h-n-ä- v P-o-h-n-

¡-p-¶ H-c-p k-m-[-m-c-W-¡-m-c³.

50 c-q-] IÀ-j-I-\-p t\-sc \-o-«-n.

""_-m-¡-n X-c-m³ F-sâ ssI-

b-nÂ I-m-i-n-Ã-tÃ-m k-m-td''.

""F-¶-mÂ A-X-n-\-p-I-q-S-n ]-bÀ

h-t¨-c-v''. A-X-p ]-d-ª-n-«-v c-m-P-o-h-v

ss{U-hÀ k-o-ä-n-te-b-v-¡-v I-b-d-n-b-n-c-p-

¶-p. D-S³ X-s¶ I-p-sd ]-bÀ-I-q-S-n

IÀ-j-I³ I-m-d-n-sâ ]-p-d-I-nÂ h-¨-p.

U-n-¡-n-b-S-¨-p. IÀ-j-I-t\-m-S-v b-m-{X

]-d-ª-v I-mÀ sa-sÃ \-o-§-n.

]-S-h-e-w I-r -j-n -sN-b- v -X-n -c -n -

¡-p-¶ ]-p-c-b-n-S-§Ä. ]-S-h-e h-Å-n-

b-nÂ \-n-¶-v \-m-e-S-n \-o-f-¯-nÂ

\-n-c-\-n-c-b-m-b-n X-q-§-n-¡-n-S-¡-p-¶

\-q-d-p I-W-¡-n-\-v ]-S-h-e-§-IÄ.

R-m-e-n -¸-q -h³ h-m-g-t¯-m-«-§Ä.

]-m-S-ti-J-c-¯-n-sâ H-c-ä-¯-p-I-q-S-n-

sb-m-g-p-I-p-¶ sN-d-p-tX-m-«-n-te-¡-v N-m-

ª-v I-n-S-¡-p-¶ sX-§-n³ I-q-«-§Ä

\-n-d-sb I-p-e-IÄ. C-S-X-qÀ-¶-v \-nÂ-

¡-p-¶ a-c- -o-\-n-I-f-p-sS C-e-¡-«-n k-q-

c-y-{]-I-m-i-¯-n-sâ H-c-w-i-w t]-m-e-p-w

a-®-nÂ ]-X-n-b-m³ A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-n-Ã

F-¶ ]-n-S-n-h-m-i-n-b-nÂ F-¶-t]-m-se.

a-c-¨-o-\-n ]-´-e-n-\-p-Å-nÂ I-q-c-n-c-p-«-v.

\-b-\-a-t\-m-l-c-a-m-b {K-m-a-o-W I-mÀ-

j-n-I-`-w-K-n B-kz-Z-n-¨-v ta-t\-m-sâ

a-m-c-p-X-n s]-m-¶-v h-n-f-b-n-¡-p-¶ B

a-®-n-t\-m-S-v h-n-S-h-m-§-n-s¡-m-|-n-c-p-

¶-p. H-c-p a-W-n-¡-qÀ I-g-n-ª-t¸-mÄ

a-m-c-p-X-n ]-g-¡-p-e-IÄ ]-g-p-¯-v \-n-d-

ª-v X-q-¡-n \-nÂ-¡-p-¶ H-c-p ]-g-¡-

S-tb-m-S-v tNÀ-¶-p \-n-¶-p.

]-g-w h-m-§-m³ I-b-d-n-b ]-c-n-

N-b-¡-m-c-sâ I-S-b-n-se C-e-I-v-t{S-m-

W-n-I-v {X-m-k-n-t·Â ta-t\-m³ B

]-bÀ-sI-«-v F-S-p-¯-p h-¨-p. IÀ-j-

I-sâ "a-\-¯-q-¡' ¯-nÂ sX-ä-p-]-

ä-n-b-n-«-p-t|-m F-¶-v X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-b-p-I

a-m-{X-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p e-£-y-w. {X-m-k-nÂ

]-b-d-n-sâ X-q-¡-w c-t|-I-mÂ I-n-

te-m F-¶-v sX-f-n-b-p-¶-p.

B I-m-g-v -N c-m-P-o-h-v ta-t\-m-

\-p-w I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-\-p-w k-t´-m-j-w

\Â-I-n-b-n -Ã. ]-m-h-w IÀ-j-I-sâ

50 c-q-] X-sâ ssI-b-n-e-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p

F-s¶-m-c-p I-p-ä-t_-m-[-w. A-b-m-f-p-sS

I-p-S-p-w-_- -n-\-p I-n-t«-| A-b-m-f-p-sS

A-²z-m-\-I-q-e-n AÀ-l-X-b-n-Ã-m-sX

X-¶-n-e-m-b-n-t¸-m-b H-c-p I-p-ä-t_-m-[-w

ta-t\-m-\-n-e-p-|-m-b-n.

B ]-bÀ sh-f-n-s -®-sb-m-g-n- -v

sa-g-p-¡-p ]-p-c-«-n-¡-g-n-¨-t¸-m-g-p-w tX-

§-b-p-w sI-m-¨-p-Å-n-b-p-a-n-«-v tX-m-c-\-m-

b-n I-g-n-¨-t¸-m-g-p-w F-Ã-m-w ]-b-d-n-sâ

kz-m-`-m-h-n-I-K-Ô-w, l-r-Z-y-a-m-b c-p-N-n

H-¶-p-w A-b-mÄ-¡-p-w I-p-S-p-w-_-¯-n-

\-p-w B-kz-Z-n-¡-m³ I-g-n-ª-n-Ã.

H-c-p ]-m-h-w IÀ-j-I-\-v A-d-n-b-m-

sX-b-m-sW-¦-n-e-p-w 50 c-q-] \-j-v-S-w

h-c-p -¯-n-b-tÃ-m F-s¶-m-c-p tX-m-

¶Â. F-{X I-j-v-S-s -«-n-«-m-b-n-c-n-¡-m-w

A-b-mÄ B I-r-j-n Cu th-\Â-¡-m-

e-¯-v ]-c-n-]-m-e-n-¡-p-¶-X-v. C-\-n-b-p-w

B h-g-n I-S-¶-p-t]-m-I-p-t¼-mÄ B

IÀ-j-I-s\ tX-S-n- -n-S-n- -v H-c-p I-n-te-m-

b-p-sS c-q-]-m-I-q-S-n \Â-I-W-w F-¶-

hÀ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-p.

]-n-sä a-m-k-w ]-X-n-h-p-t]-m-se

R-m-b-d-m -g- v -N k-Ô-y-m -k-a-b-¯-v

A-hÀ A-X-p-h-g-n h-¶-t¸-mÄ A-hÀ

IÀ-j-I-s\ ]-m-S-¯-p-w td-m-U-v ssk-

U-n-e-p-sa-Ã-m-w X-n-c-b-p-¶-p-|-m-b-n-c-p-

¶-p. ]-bÀ-I-r-j-n sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶ H-c-p

]-m-S-ti-J-c-w I-|-t -mÄ I-mÀ A-h-n-

sS \-nÀ-¯-n. A-h-n-sS \-n-¶-n-c-p-¶


IÀ-j-I-s\ c-m-P-o-h-v X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-ª-p.

I-g -n -ª X-h-W h-m -§-n -b

]-bÀ I-q-S-p-X-e-p-|-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶-p

]-d-ª-v 50 c-q-] A-b-mÄ-¡-p t\-sc

\-o-«-n. t\-m-«-n-te-b-v-¡-p t\-m-¡-m-sX

a-p-d-p-¡-n-¨-p-h-¶ ]-Ã-p-IÄ I-m-W-n-¨-v

N-n-c-n-¨-p-sI-m-|-b-mÄ ]-d-ª-p

""k-m-d-n-\-v R-m-\-¶-v X-¶ ]-bÀ

c-|-p-I-n-te-m-b-nÂ I-q-S-p-XÂ D-|-m-b-n-

c-p-¶-p-h-tÃ. A-d-n-ª-p-sI-m-|-p X-¶-

X-m-W-v. C-h-n-sS I-S-b-nÂ sI-m-S-p- -mÂ

F-\-n-¡-v 30 c-q-]-tb I-n-te-m-b-v-¡-p I-n-

«-p-I-b-p-Å-p. A-hÀ 60 c-q-]-b-v-¡-m-W-v

h-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v. R-m³ IÀ-j-I-\-m-W-v,

I- -h-S-¡-m-c-\-Ã. F-\-n-¡-v 30 c-q-]

X-s¶ a-X-n. sI-m-Å-e-m-`-w F-sâ

e-£-y-a-Ã. \-m-«-n-se ]-b-d-n-sâ h-n-e

sh-d-p-sX A-t\z-j-n-¡-p-I-b-m-sW-¶-p

I-c-p-X-n-b-m-W-v Cu {]-tZ-i-s¯ h-n-e

A-¶-p R-m³ k-m-d-n-t\-m-S-p ]-d-ª-X-v''.

\-nÀ -_-Ô-n -¨- n -« - p -w 50 c -q -]

A-b-mÄ h-m-§-n-b-n-Ã. ta-t\-m³ X-n-c-n-

sI I-m-d-n-te-b-v-¡-p I-b-d-n. h-|-n sN-

d-p-X-m-b-n D-c-p-|-p X-p-S-§-n-b-t¸-mÄ

]-n-d-I-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w H-c-mÄ H-m-S-n-h-c-p-

¶-p. H-c-p ]-n-S-n ]-b-d-p-a-m-b-n B IÀ-

j-I³. ""k-m-d-n-sâ k-X-y-k-Ô-X-b-v-

¡-v C-sX-sâ k-½-m-\-w. IÀ-j-I-s\

A-d-n-b-p-¶-hÀ ]-«-W-§-f-n-e-p-a-p-|-v

F-¶-X-n-se-\-n-¡-p k-t´-m-j-w.''

]-S-n-ª-m-d³ N-{I-h-m-f-¯-nÂ

A-k-v-X-a-b k-q-c--y³ A-á-n-I-p-W-vT-

a-m-b-n. ]-n-s¶ I-S-e-nÂ C-d-§-n

F-c-n-ª-aÀ-¶-p. c-m-h-p-W-c-m³ t\-

c-a-m-b-n-h-c-p-¶-p.

A-¶-v ]uÀ-®-a-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

h-n-f-IÄ \-n-d-ª-p-\-n-¶ B I-mÀ-

j-n-I `-q-a-n-b-nÂ N-t{µ-m-Z-b-w \-n-e-m-

h-p ]-c-¯-n; IÀ-j-I-sâ a-\-Ê-n-sâ

\-·-sb-¶-t]-m-se.

\-n-e-m-h-nÂ {]-ti-m-`-n-X-a-m-b-n-c-n-

¡-p-¶ I-r-j-n-`-q-a-n-b-p-sS ku-µ-c-y-w

B-k-z-Z-n-¨-v ta-t\-m-\-p-w I-p-S-p-w-_-h-p-w

\-K-c- -n-te-¡-p-Å b-m-{X X-p-SÀ-¶-p.

b-m-{X-b-nÂ k-t -m-j-n- -v I-p-e-p-

§-p-¶ I-p-«-n-sb-t¸-m-se, \-K-c-¯-n-

te-b-v-¡-p-Å b-m-{X-b-nÂ ]-bÀ-a-W-n-

I-f-p-w X-p-Å-n-s¡-m-|-n-c-p-¶-p. h-m-g-

\-q-e-nÂ sI-«-n-b B A-c-ª-m-W

]-bÀ-sI-«-v h-|-n-b-n-e-n-c-p-¶-v IÀ-j-I-

sâ \-·-b-p-sS I-Y-IÄ ta-t\-m-\-p-w

I-p-S-p-w-_- -n-\-p-w ]-d-ª-p-sI-m-S-p-¡-p-

¶-X-p-t]-m-se tX-m-¶-n.


a-\w D-S-ªv

Nn-X-dn-b t]m-se.

c-àw ]p-c-|

I-¯n t]m-se hm-¡v.

I-®o-cpw sa-gp-¡pw

]p-c-| X-e-bn-W

t]m-se Po-hn-Xw.

]n-ªn-t¸m-b sIm-Xp-Iv

h-e t]m-se kz-]v-\-§Ä.

A-Xv X-¶n-cp-¶

kp-J-hpw A-\p-`q-Xn-bpw

C-g-s]m-«n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.

I-S-§-fp-sS Xo-]p-kv-X-þ

I-hp-am-bn I-b-dn h-¶-hÀ

A-Ñ-sâ B-ß-l-Xy-bp-sS

au-\w sIm-|v ap-§n-b

ho-Sv I-|v Xn-cn-¨v t]m-hp-¶p.

ap-\n-ªv I-¯p-¶

hn-f-¡n-\v \-Sp-hn-Â

R-§Ä A-h-km-\-s¯

A-¯m-gw ]-¦n-Sp-¶p.

C-cp-«n-sâ `q-J-Þ-¯n-Â

A-`-bmÀ-°n-bm-I-sh

kz-´w cm-Py-hpw ]-Xm-I-bpw

ho-Spw A-Sp-¸pw HmÀ-a h-cp-¶p.

I-S-en-sâ A-Sn-¯-«v

t]m-se a-\-kv Zp-cq-l-am-hp-¶p.

a-e-bm-fw Im-Wm³ hm-tbm

am-a-e-IÄ Im-Wm³ hm-tbm

a-g s]-¿p-t¶-cw ]p-g-bp-sS

a-bn-em-«w Im-Wm³ hm-tbm

a-Rv-Pp-f-ao \m-«n-Â am-[-h

Im-e-§Ä Im-Wm³ hm-tbm

a-\-Ên-sâ Xo-c-¯-g-In³

Im-hy-§Ä XoÀ-¡m³ hm-tbm

s]m-t¶m-W-¡m-ew h-b-en-Â

In-¶m-cw ]-d-bpw Im-än-Â

H-¶n-¨p \-S-¡m³ hm-tbm

H-¶-tÃm am-\-hÀ X-½n-Â

Po-hn-Xwa‑e‑bm‑fw Im‑Wm³ hm‑tbm

Zn-eo-]v C-cn-§m-hqÀ k-Xy-N-{µ³ s]m-bn-Â-¡m-hv


� P-\-\-§-f-p-tS-b-p-w a-c-W-§-f-p-tS-

b-p-w c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ \-nÀ-_-Ô-

a-m-W-v.

� P-\-\-w F-¶-X-n-Â P-o-h-\-p-f-f

P-\-\-h-p-w \-nÀ-P-o-h-P-\-\-h-p-w DÄ-

s¸-S-p-¶-p.

� P-\-\-h-p-w a-c-W-h-p-w d-n-t -mÀ-«-v sN-

¿-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-

\-p-w c-m-P-y-¯-n-\-I-¯-v G-I-o-I-r-X

\-n-b-a-a-m-W-v-\-n-e-h-n-e-p-f-f-X-v(h-I-p-

¸-v1(2)).

� tI-{µ, k-w-Ø-m-\, P-n-Ã-m, X-t±-i

X-e-§-f-n-te-¡-v \-n-Ý-b-n-¡-s¸-«

D-tZ-y-m-K-Ø-sc ]-ä-n-b-p-w B-I-v-S-n-

sâ h-y-h-Ø-IÄ \-S-¸-m-¡-m-\-p-

f-f D- -c-h-m-Z-n-Xz-§-sf-¡-p-d-n- -p-w

(h-I-p-¸-v 3,4,6,7) h-n-h-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

� X-sâ A-[-n-I-m-c-]-c-n-[-n-b-n-Â-s¸-«

Ø-e-¯-v k-w-`-h-n-¨-n-«-p-f-f P-\-

\-þ-a-c-W-§Ä A-h k-w-`-h-n-¨

Ø-e-¯-p X-s¶ c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-

t¿-|-X-m-W-v.

� P-\-\-§-f-p-w a-c-W-§-f-p-w \-S-¶-v 21

Z-n-h-k- -n-\-p-f-f-n-Â A-h A-d-n-b-n-

t¡-|-X-m-W-v (h-I-p- -v 8, N-«-w 5(3))

� \-S-¶ k-w-`-h-§Ä d-n-t¸-mÀ-«- v

sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-v h-y-à-n-IÄ-¡-p-w

Ø-m-]-\-§Ä-¡-p-a-p-f-f D-¯-c-

h-m-Z-n-Xz-§Ä h-n-i-Z-o-I-c-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-

¶-p(h-I-p-¸-v 8, h-I-p-¸-v9).

� P-\-\-ta-m a-c-W-ta-m A-d-n-b-n-¡-p-

¶-b-m-f-n-\-v c-P-n-Ì-d-n-Â \-n-¶-p-w

\-n-Ý-n-X h-n-h-c-§-f-p-sS ]-IÀ-¸-v

ku-P-\-y-a-m-b-n \-Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-v

A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶-p (h-I-p-¸-v 12).

� \-nÀ-t±-i-n-¡-s -« 21 Z-n-h-k- -n-\-p

ti-j-h-p-w c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ A-\-p-h-

Z-n-¡-p-¶-p (h-I-p-¸-v 13).

� I-p-ª-n-sâ t]-c-v tc-J-s¸-S-p-¯-m-

sX P-\-\-w c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-p-I-

b-m-sW-¦-n-Â ]-n-¶-o-S-v t]-c-v tNÀ-

¡-m³ A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-p-¶-p (h-I-p-¸-v

14).

� P-\-\ a-c-W c-P-n-Ì-d-n-Â X-n-c-p-¯-

e-p-I-f h-c-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w d-±-v sN-

¿-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w A-\-p-h-m-Z-w \-Â-I-p-

¶-p (h-I-p-¸-v 15).

� a-c-W- c-P-n -Ì-d-n -Â tc-J-s¸-S-p -

¯-n-b h-n-h-c-§-f-p-sS ]-IÀ-¸-v

G-sX-¦-n-e-p-w h-y-à-n-¡-v \-Â-I-p-

t¼-mÄ a-c-W-I-m-c-W-w sh-f-n-s -S-p-

¯-m³ ]-m-S-n-Ã (h-I-p-¸-v 17).

� c-m-P-y-s¯ ]u-c³-a-m-c-p-sS c-m-P-y-

¯-n-\-v ]-p-d-¯-p sh-¨-p-f-f P-\-

\-§-f-p-w a-c-W-§-f-p-w c-P-n-ÌÀ

sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-p-f-f {]-tX-y-I h-y-

h-Ø-IÄ (h-I-p-¸-v 20).

� d-n-t¸-mÀ-«-v sN-¿-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-

\-p-w c-P-n-ÌÀ sN-¿-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-

\-p-w A-{i-²-b-v-¡-p-w ]-n-g N-p-a-¯-p-

¶-X-n-\-p-f-f h-y-h-Ø (h-I-p- -v 23).

� P-\-\-a-c-W c-P-n-Ì-d-p-IÄ Ø-n-c-

a-m-b d-n-¡-mÀ-U-p-I-f-m-b-n k-q-£-n-

t¡-|-X-m-W-v (h-I-p-¸-v 30).

� Cu B-I- v -S - v {]-m -_-e-y -¯-n -Â

h-c-p-¶-X-n-\-p a-p-¼-p-f-f P-\-\-§-

f-p-tS-b-p-w a-c-W-§-f-p-tS-b-p-w c-P-n-

k-v-t{S-j³ (h-I-p-¸-v 13(3))

� c-P-n-k-v-{S-mÀ kz-b-ta-h sN-¿-p-¶

c-P-n -k-v -t{S-j³ (h-I-p-¸- v 7(2))

C-X-n-Â h-n-h-m-l c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³

DÄ-s¸-S-p-¶-n-Ã.

(A-h-e-w-_-w: 2012se C-´-y-b-n-se k-n-h-n-Â c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ A-[-n-I-m-c-n-IÄ-

¡-p-f-f ]-c-n-i-o-e-\ a-m-\z-Â)

1969se P-\-\-þ-a-c-W c-P-n-k-v-t{S-j³ B-I-v-S-n-sâ {]-tX-y-I-X-I-f-p-w h-y-h-Ø-I-f-p-w

F-kv.kp-tZ-\³


k-q-c-y³ h-S-¡-v \-n-¶-p-w sX-

t¡-m-«-p a-m-d-p-¶ k-a-b-a-m-W-v Z-£-n-

W-m-b-\-w.- C-X-v a-n-Y-p-\-w 31\-v. k-w-

{I-a-W-w a-\-Ê-n-e-m-¡-n E-X-p-N-

c-y-IÄ-¡-v c-q-]-w \Â-I-n-b ]-g-b

X-e-a-p-d B-|-d-p-X-n-IÄ A-hÀ-¡-v

tc-m-K {]-X-n-tc-m-[ I-m-e-w (C-½-y-p-

sW-tk-j³ ]-n-c-o-U-v). -Z-n-\-N-c-y-b-p-w

`-£-W-{I-a-h-p-w B-tc-m-K-y-]-c-n-]-m-e-

\-h-p-w N-n-«-s¸-S-p-¯-m³ B-N-m-c-k-w-

_-Ô-a-m-b h-k-v-X-p-X-IÄ i-m-c-o-c-

I-h-p-w a-m-\-k-n-I-h-p-a-m-b kz-m-Ø-y

]-c-n -c -£-¡-v GÀ-s¸-S-p -¯-n -b-X- v

ssh-h-n-[-y-§-f-m-b Z-n-\-N-c-y-I-f-m-

W-v.- {]-]-©- -n-sâ K-X-n-h-n-K-X-n-IÄ

h-o-£-n- -v X-Z-\-p-k-r-X-a-m-b-n P-o-h-n-X-w

\-b-n-¡-m³ A-hÀ b-X-v-\-n-¨-p.

k-¼-qÀ-® i-p-N-n -Xz-b-Ú-w

kÀ-¡-mÀ G-sä-S-p-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v a-p-t¼

h-o-S-p-w ]-c-n-k-c-h-p-w i-p-N-n-b-m-b-n

k-q-£-n-¡-W-sa-¶ k-m-[-\-]-mT-w

\ÂIn-bn-cp-¶p. tN-«-sb (a-q-ti-«,-

tP-j-vT) ]-p-d-¯-m-¡Â F-¶ N-S-

§-n-e-q-sS N-¸-p-N-h-d-p-IÄ \-o-¡-w

sN-b-v-X-v tN-t«-w a-¡-f-p-w ]-p-d-¯-v

t]-m, {i-o `-K-h-X-o-w a-¡-f-p-w A-I-

¯-p-h-m F-¶ h-n-f-n a-n-Y-p-\-w 31\-v

BWv. N-S-§-n-\-p ti-j-w {]-X-o-I-m-

ß-I-a-m-b-n a-m-e-n-\-y-w \-o-¡-w sN-

b-v-X-n-c-p-¶ Ø-e-§-f-m-I-m-w s]-m-«-

I-n-W-d-p-w s]-m-«-I-p-f-h-p-w. IÀ-¡-n-S-w

H-¶-v a-p-XÂ G-g-v h-sc-tb-m ,a-m-k-w

a-p-g-p-h-\-m-tb-m c-m-h-n-se Z-i-]-p-j-v-]-w

H-c-p-¡-n sh-¡-m-d-p-|-v.-c-m-h-n-se-b-p-w

ssh-I-o-«-p-w Z-i-m-w-K-w.- k-m--{¼-m-W-n

]-p-I-¡-p-¶ GÀ- -m-S-p-a-p-|-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

(-H-mÀ-¡-p-I Cu-U-n-k-v sI-m-X-p-I-p-I-f-p-

sS B-{I-a-W-w c-m-h-n-se-b-m-W-v)-a-q-¸-

«-p (B-Z-y) sh-Å-n-b-m-g-v-¨ I-m-e-¯-v

ssa-e-m-©-n A-c-¨-v I-¿-n-e-n-S-p-¶-X-v

a-w-K-e-y-¯-n-\-p-w a-w-K-e-y- `-m-K-y-¯-n-

\-p -w \-Ã-X-m-W-s{X. I-À-¡-n -S-I-

¯-n-se sh-f-p-¸-m³ I-m-e-¯-m-W-v

]-m-W-c-p-sS X-p-b-n-e-p-WÀ-¯-v. tZ-m-j-

\-n-h-m-c-W- -n-\-m-W-v ]-p-Å-p-hÀ h-¶-v

]-m-S-p-¶-X-v. C-¡-m-e-¯-v a-p-S-n-b-nÂ

a-p-¡-p-d-d-n N-q-S-W-w . I-d-p-¯ N-m-

´-p-|-m-¡-n I-p-d-n-b-n-S-W-w .]-{´-|-p

h-b-Ê-nÂ X-m-sg-b-p-Å I-p-«-n-IÄ-¡-v

{]-tX-y-I Hu-j-[-¡-ª-n-b-p-w {]-m-b-

a-m-b-hÀ-¡-v a-c-p-¶-v I-ª-n-b-p-w \-h-c

I-ª-n-b-p-w \-h-c-I-n-g-n-b-p-w {]-[-m-\-w

.tK-m-{X k-v-a-r-X-n-b-p-WÀ-¯-n c-m-a-m-

b-W-a-m-k-w c-m(-c-m-{X-n-þ-A-Ú-X)

a-m-b-W-w(-a-m-d-W-w)C-c-p-«-I-¶-v Z-n-h-y-

Ú-m-\-w (A-d-n-h-v,-{]-I-m-i-w )h-y-m-]-n-

¡-W-sa-¶ AÀ-°-\.

a-n-Y-p-\-w I-g-n-ª--mÂ h-y-k-\-w

X-oÀ-s¶-¶-p -w IÀ-¡-n -S -I-w I-g-n -

ª-mÂ Z-pÀ-L-S-w a-m-d-n-sb-¶-p-a-m-

W-v h-n-iz-m-k-w. IÀ-¡-n-S-I-h-m-h-nÂ

I-m-«-p-t]-m-¯-n-sâ X-p-S-h-n-d-¡-p-¶

X-W-p-¸-v C-¶-n-Ã.- F-¦-n-e-p-w {]-m-b-

a-m-b-h-tc-sd I-m-e-b-h-\-n-I-¡-p-Å-nÂ

a-d-b-p-¶-X-v- C-¡-m-e-¯-m-W-v. X-te-

¶-p-Å H-c-n-¡-e-p-w (A-c-n-b-m-l-m-c-w

H-c-p t\-c-w a-m-{X-w) h-m-h-p-_-e-n-b-p-w

A-¶-t¯-¡-p-Å s]-m-c-p-¯-n-e-S-b-p-

a-m-W-v (iÀ-¡-c-b-p-w \-m-f-n-tI-c-h-p-w

tNÀ-¯-p-Å A-c-n-b-S)-k-h-n-ti-j-X-

IÄ. {i-o `-K-h-X-n-b-p-sS X-m-e-n-b-m-b-

X-n-\-mÂ IÀ-¡-n-S-I-¯-nÂ a-p-c-n-§-

b-n-e I-g-n-¡-m-d-n-Ã.- sh-b-nÂ-I-p-d-ª

k-a-b-a-m-b-X-n-\-m-e-p-w a-p-c-n-§-b-n-e

Z-l-n-¡-m-\-p-Å I-m-e-X-m-a-k-h-p-a-m-W-v

C-X-n-\-v I-m-c-W-w. s]-m-X-p-sh k-q-c-y-

{]-I-m-i-w I-p-d-h-m-b-X-n-\-mÂ C-e-I-

f-nÂ I-m-¯-p-sh-¨ ku-tc-mÀ-Ö-w

e-`-n-¡-m-\-m-W -v-C-e-IÄ N-q-S-p-¶-X-p-w

C-e-¡-d-n-I-f-p-w Hu-j-[-§-f-p-w I-g-n-

¡-p-¶-X-p-w. IÀ-¡-n-S-I-¯-nÂ tN-\

I-«-p-w I-g-n-¡-W-sa-¶-m-W-v ]-g-sa-m-g-n.

I-m-«-p-tI-m-g-n-s¡-´-v IÀ-¡-n-S-I

k-w-{I-m- -n F-¶-m-W-v B-[-p-\-n-I-sâ

tN-m-Z-y-w. IÀ-¡-n-S-I-h-p-w I-¨-h-S-¡-m-

e-a-m-h-p-I-b-m-W-v. - C-¡-m-e-¯-p-Å

B-b-pÀ-th-Z/]-©-IÀ-½/D-g-n-¨-nÂ

/k-p-J-N-n-I-n-Õ `-m-c-n-¨ sN-e-h-p a-q-

e-w h-n-tZ-i-n-IÄ-¡-p-w [-\-n-IÀ-¡-p-w

a-m-{X-a-p -Å-X-m-b-n. {]-I-r-X-n -Z-¯

k-m-[-\-§Ä-¡-v ]-I-c-w sd-U-n-sa-b-v-

U-v-Hu-j-[ I-ª-n-¡-p-«-p-IÄ ,s]-m-«-p-

sX-m-«-v s\-b-nÂ t]-m-f-n-j-v,-]-m-¡-b-ä-v

^-p-U-p-IÄ C-h h-n-]-W-n-b-nÂ k-p-e-

`-w. ssP-h-ssh-h-n-[-y-h-p-w A-X-n-sâ

a-q-e-y-h-p-a-d-n-b-m-h-p-¶-hÀ X-p-te-m-w I-p-

d-h-v.- kz- -w N-p-ä-p-]-m-S-p-IÄ k-w-c-£-n-

¡-p-I-b-p-w \-n-c-o-£-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w E-X-p-

t`-Z-§-f-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v P-o-h-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w

sN-b-v-X-n-c-p-¶-h-c-p-sS Z-oÀ-L ZÀ-i-\-w

\-a-p-¡-n-Ã-m-sX t]-m-b-n.- ]-g-a-b-n-se

K-p-W-h-i-§Ä \-m-w DÄ-sI-m-Å-p-I.-

B-S-n-a-m-k I-n-g-n-h-p-I-f-n-se N-X-n-I-p-

g-n-I-f-nÂ h-o-g-m-X-n-c-n-¡-p-I. -]-I-c-w

{]-I-r-X-n-sb \-n-c-o-£-n-¨-v k-p-P-o-h-X-

¯-n-te-¡-p-Å ]-m-X-sb-m-c-p-¡-p-I.

k‑w‑{I‑a‑W‑¯‑n‑sâ ku-I-p-a-m-c-y-w

hn.sI. {io-[c³


sI.-BÀ. Pb³, FÂ. ]¦-Pm-£³

im´n-{Kmw

""]-\-k-w -kÀ-tÆ-m-¯-a-w; X-X-v-

^-e-w kÀ-Æ-K-p-W-Z-m-b-I-w-.''

N-¡-b-p-sS k-w-k-v -I-r-X h-m-

¡-m-W-v ]-\-k-w. G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b

h-r-£-^-e-a-m-W-v N-¡. N-¡ H-ä-¸-g-

a-Ã. \-n-c-h-[-n sN-d-n-b ]-g-§Ä I-q-

S-n-t¨À-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. H-c-p N-¡-b-nÂ

H-m-tc-m N-p-f-b-p-w H-m-tc-m ]-g-a-m-W-v.

H-c-p ¹-m-h-nÂ \-n-¶-v {]-m-b-a-\-p-k-c-n- -v

i-c-m-i-c-n C-c-p-]-X-v a-p-XÂ a-p-¶-q-d-p

h-sc N-¡-IÄ H-c-m-|-nÂ I-n-«-p-¶-p.

¹-m-h-v H-c-p Hu-j-[-h-r-£-a-m-W-v.

c-m-{X-n-b-nÂ D-d-§-m-¯ h-r-£-w. Cu

h-r-£-¯-n-sâ Hu-j-[-§Ä A-½-

sb-t¸-m-se a-p-e-¸-mÂ D-e-v-]-m-Z-n-¸-n-

¡-p-¶-p. A-Ñ-s\-t¸-m-se tZ-l-k-w-c-

£-W-w \-S-¯-p-¶-p, K-p-c-p-h-n-s\-t¸-m-

se _-p-²-n-sX-f-n-b-n-¡-p-¶-p.

]-Ý-n-a-L-«- -n-e-m-W-v ¹-m-h-n-sâ

D-Û-h-w. c-|-m-w I-e-v-]-h-r-£-w F-¶-p

h-n-ti-j-n-¸-n-¡-m-h-p-¶ ¹-m-h-n-sâ C-e

a-p-XÂ th-c-v h-sc-b-p-w a-p-Å-v a-p-XÂ

a-p-f-ª-o³ h-sc-b-p-w F-Ã-m-w-X-s¶

H-c-p-h-n-[-¯-nÂ A-sÃ-¦-nÂ a-sä-m-c-p

h-n-[-¯-nÂ a-\-p-j-yÀ-¡-p-w a-r-K-§Ä-

¡-p-w k-q-£-v-a-P-o-h-n-IÄ-¡-p-w {]-tb-m-

P-\-s¸-S-p-¶-p.

a-e-b-m-f `-m-j-b-p-sS B-Z-n-a-I-m-

e-¯-v ¹-m-h-n-se I-m-b-sb "¹-m-¡-'

F-¶-m-W-v h-n-f-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. ]-n-¶-o-

sS-t¸-m-g-m-W-v ¹-m-¡ N-¡-b-m-b-X-v

F-¶-v BÀ-¡-p-w \-n-Ý-b-a-n-Ã. t]-mÀ-

¨-p-K-o-k-v `-m-j-b-nÂ N-¡ "-P-m-¡'

F-¶-m-W-v A-d-n-b-s¸-S-p-¶-X-v. P-m-¡

c-q-]-m-´-c-w {]-m-]-n-¨-v a-e-b-m-f-¯-n-\-v

e-`-n-¨-X-m-W-v N-¡ F-¶-v ]-e-c-p-w

I-c-p-X-n-t¸-m-c-p-¶-p-|-v.

¹-m -h- v a -\-p -j-y -I-p -e-¯-n -\-p

X-c-p-¶ A-a-q-e-y-a-m-b H-c-p ^-e-a-m-

W-v N-¡. "]-p-c-\-n-d-sb ]-n-tÅ-c-p-w

¹-m-h-p-\-n-d-sb N-t¡-w' F-s¶-m-c-p

sN-m-Ã-p-|-v. B sN-m-Ã-n-\-v c-|-v AÀ-

°-X-e-§-f-m-W-p-Å-X-v. ]-p-c-b-nÂ

F-{X I-p-ª-p-§-f-p-|-m-b-m-e-p-w A-h-

c-p-sS h-b-d-p-\-n-d-b-m³ sX-m-S-n-b-n-se

¹-m-h-p a-X-n-sb-¶-p-w N-¡ X-n-¶-mÂ

h-Ô-y-X D-|-m-I-n-sÃ-¶-p-a-p-Å [z-\-n-

I-f-m-W-n-h.

B-l-m-c-w I-g-n-¨-n-«-v C-S-b-v-¡-v

N-¡ `-£-n-¨-mÂ K-y-m-k-p-|-m-I-p-w.

N-¡- -g-a-m-b-m-e-p-w th-h-n- -X-m-b-m-e-p-w

A-X-p-a-m-{X-w H-c-p t\-c-s¯ B-l-m-c-

a-m-¡-n-b-mÂ H-c-n-¡-e-p-w K-y-m-k-v D-|-m-

I-p-I-b-n-Ã. N-¡ I-g-n-¨-v h-b-d-n-\-v

A-P-oÀ-W-h-p-w A-kz-Ø-X-b-p-a-p-|-m-

b-mÂ N-p-¡-v tk-h-n-¨-mÂ a-X-n. N-¡-

b-v-¡-v N-p-¡-v Hu-j-[-w F-s¶-m-c-p

i-m-k-v-{X-h-n-[-n X-s¶-b-p-|-v. [-m-c-m-f-w

t]-m-j-I-§-f-p-w \-m-c-p-a-S-§-n-b N-¡-

¸-g-h-p-w N-¡-¡-p-c-p-h-p-w ]-g-a-m-b-p-w

]-¨-¡-d-n-b-m-b-p-w I-g-n-¡-p-¶-X-v ]-e

D-Z-c-tc-m-K-§Ä-¡-p-w {]-X-n-h-n-[-n-b-m-

W-v. I-m-c-ä-n-e-p-Å-X-n-sâ ]-¯-n-c-«-n

h-n-ä-m-a-n³ F-b-p-sS ]-qÀ-h-c-q-]-a-m-b

_-o-ä-m-I-tc-m-«-n³ A-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-Å

N-¡-b-n-se ss^-tä-m-\-y-q-{S-n-bâ-v-k-n-

\-v AÀ-_-p-Z-s¯ {]-X-n-tc-m-[-n-¡-m-

\-p-Å {]-m-]-v-X-n-b-p-a-p-|-v.

N-¡ D-]-tb-m-K-n -¨- v \-nÀ-½-n -

¡-p-¶ h-n-h-n-[ `-£-W-]-Z-mÀ-°-

§Ä-¡-v h-e-n-b a-X-n-¸-v D-Å-X-m-b-n

I-|-n-«-p-|-v. N-¡-h-c-«-n, C-S-n-¨-¡

N-¡-am-lm-ßyw


A- -mÀ, I-S-v-e-ä-v, ]- -S-w, _-P-n, k-q- -v,

k-v-Iz-m-j-v, lÂ-h, t]-S, P-m-w, sP-Ã-n,

k-n-]-v-A-]-v, I-m³-U-n, tI-¡-v, ssh³,

tN-m-¡-te-ä-v, D-®-n-b-¸-w, N-n-]-v -k-v

A-§-s\ \-q-d-nÂ-¸-c-w h-n-`-h-§Ä

N-¡-b-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-|-m-¡-m-w. t]-m-j-

I-{]-Z-a-m-b \-sÃ-m-c-p B-l-m-c-sa-¶

\-n-e-b-nÂ N-¡-b-v -¡-v `-£-W-ta-

i-I-f-nÂ I-q-S-p -XÂ kz-o-I-m-c-y-X

ssI-h-c-W-w. tl-mÀ-ta-m¬ t_-m-w-

_-m-b tI-m-g-n-a-p-«-b-v-¡-p-w h-n-j-{Z-m-h-

I-§-f-nÂ a-p-§-n-¡-p-f-n- B- -n-f-n-\-p-w

a-p-´-n-c-n-b-v-¡-p-w ]-I-c-a-m-b-n N-¡-¸-

g-s¯ \-a-p-¡-v D-]-tb-m--K-n-¡-m-w.

h-n-i-n-j-v-S-t`-m-P-y-h-k-v-X-p F-¶-

X-n-e-p-]-c-n N-¡ Hu-j-[-h-p-w t]-m-j-

I-§-f-p-sS I-e-h-d-b-p-a-m-W-v. ]-g-hÀ-¤-

{X-n-a-qÀ-¯-n-I-f-nÂ H-¶-v F-¶-v {]-k-n-

²-a-m-b N-¡-¸-g-¯-n-se 100 {K-m-w

X-q-¡-w h-c-p-¶ h-n-f-ª N-p-f-b-nÂ

98 I-te-m-d-n DuÀ-Ö-w A-S-§-n-b-n-c-n-

¡-p-¶-p. a-ä-p-Å-h C-{]-I-m-c-a-m-W-v.

P-e-m-w-i-w þ 72.0 þ 77.2 {K-m-w

t{]-m-«-o³ þ 1.3 þ 1.9 {K-m-w

sI-m-g-p-¸-v þ 0.1 þ 0.3 {K-m-w

A-¶-P-w þ 18.9 þ 25.4 {K-m-w

\-m-c-v þ 1.0 þ 1.1 {K-m-w

I-mÂ-k-y-w þ 22 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

t^-m-k-v-^-d-k-v þ 38 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

C-c-p-¼-v þ 0.5 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

tk-m-U-n-b-w þ 2 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

s]-m-«-m-k-y-w þ 407 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

h-n-ä-m-a-n³ F þ 540 sF.b-p

h-n-ä-m-a-n³ _-n1 þ 0.03 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

h-n-ä-m-a-n³ _-n þ 2 þ 4 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

h-n-ä-m-a-n³ k-n þ 8 þ 10 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

N-¡-b-n-se P-o-h-I-w k-n tc-m-K-

{]-X-n-tc-m-[-ti-j-n \Â-I-p-¶-p. a-m-w-K-

\-o-k-v c-à- -n-se ]-©-k-m-c-b-n-se

A-f-h-v {I-a-o-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. a-á-o-j-y-w

F-Ã-p-I-f-n-se I-m-Õ-y-¯-n-sâ B-K-n-

c-W-s¯ k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-¶-p. s]-m-«-m-

k-y-w c-à-k-½À-±-w I-p-d-b-v-¡-p-¶-p.

\-m-c-p-IÄ a-e-_-Ô-w I-p-d-b-v-¡-m³

k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-¶-p. P-o-h-I-w F \-n-i-m-

Ô-X I-p-d-b-v-¡-p-¶-p. P-o-h-I-w _-n6

c-à-¯-n-se A-]-I-S-I-m-c-n-I-f-m-b

tl-mÀ-ta-m-k-n-Ì-d-n-sâ A-f-h-v I-p-d-

b-v-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-mÂ l-r-t{Z-m-K-k-m-[-y-X

I-p-d-b-p-¶-p. C-c-p-¼-v h-n-fÀ-¨ X-S-b-p-

¶-p. AÄ-kÀ X-S-b-m³ ti-j-n-b-p-

Å-X-m-W-v N-¡. i-c-o-c-I-e-I-f-p-sS

\-m-i-w X-S-ª-v h-mÀ-²-I-y-s¯ A-I-

ä-n-\-nÀ-¯-m-\-p-w N-¡-b-v-¡-v I-g-n-b-p-w.

e-f-n-X-a-m-b i-m-k-v-{X-o-b a-mÀ-

¤-¯-n-e-q-sS N-¡ tI-S-p-I-q-S-m-sX

k-q-£-n-¨-p-h-b-v -¡-p-I-b-m-sW-¦-nÂ

t]-m-j-I-k-¼-p-j-v-S-a-m-b Cu {]-I-r-

X-n-h-n- -h- -n-sâ \-m-i-\-j-v-S-w H-g-n-h-m-

¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w 365 Z-n-h-k-h-p-w A-X-nÂ

\-n-¶-v h-n-h-n-[ X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å DÂ-¸-

¶-§-Ä D-|-m-¡-m-\-p-w k-m-[-n-¡-p-w.

B-b-pÀ-th-Z-w `-m-h-{]-I-m-i- v

B-{a-m-Z-n-^-e-hÀ-¤-¯-nÂ N-¡-b-n-

se K-p-W-§-sf C-§-s\ {]-X-n-]-m-

Z-n-¡-p-¶-p.

]-\-k-w i-o-X-f-w ]-Iz-w k-v-\-n-K-v-

[-w ]-n-¯-m-\-n-e-m-]-l-w

XÀ- -W-w _-r-l-W-w kz-Z-p a-m-w-

k-f-w tÇ-j-v-a-f-w `-r-i-w

B-a-w X-tZ-h h-n-j-v-S-m-w-`-n h-m-X-

f-w X-p-h-c-w K-p-c-p-w

Z-m-l-I-r-X-v a-[-p-c-w _-e-y-w I-^-

ta-tZ-m-h-n hÀ-²-n-X-w

]-n-¯-w, h-m-X-w, c-à-tZ-m-j-w,

c-à-]-n-¯-w, £-X-w, {h-W-w, N-p-«-p-

\-o-äÂ F-¶-n-h-sb-Ã-m-w i-a-n-¸-n-¡-p-

¶-p. tZ-l-s¯ X-S-n-¸-n-¡-p-w c-p-N-n-b-p-


|-m-¡-p-w. i-p-¢-s¯ s]-c-p-¸-n-¡-p-w.

a-²-y-{]-m-b-a-m-b N-¡ D-¸-v a-p-X-e-m-

b-h tNÀ-¯-v ]-m-I-w sN-b-v-X-p-I-g-n-

¨-mÂ a-p-J-i-p-²-n-b-p-w D-t·-j-h-p-w

D-|-m-I-p-¶-X-p-w kÀ-th-m-]-c-n PT-c-m-

á-n-sb hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-a-m-W-v.

{^-m³-k-n-se ta-m s]-ÃÀ kÀ-

Æ-I-e-m-i-m-e-b-n-se ssa-t{I-m-_-tb-m-

f-P-n h-n-`-m-K-w i-m-k-v-{X-Ú-\-m-b

"g-m-^-th-m-td-m-' N-¡-I-f-nÂ P-m-Iz-

e-n³ F-¶ ]-Z-mÀ-°-w A-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-

Å-X-m-b-n I-|-p-]-n-S-n-¨-p.-P-m-Iz-e-n³

ssh-d-k-p-I-sf \-i-n- -n-¡-p-¶-X-m-b-p-w

sX-f-n-ª-p. A-X-n-s\-X-p-SÀ-¶-v A-ta-

c-n-¡-b-n-se C-Ã-n-t\-m-b-v-k-v kÀ-Æ-

I-e-m-i-m-e-b-n-se tI-m-tf-P-v H-m-^-v

sk³-{S-n-Ì-n-b-nÂ \-S-¶ ]T-\- -nÂ

F-b-v-U-v -k-n-s\ {]-X-n-tc-m-[-n-¡-m³

N-¡- -g- -n-se P-m-Iz-e-n³ ]-Z-mÀ-°-

¯-n-\-v I-g-n-b-p-sa-¶-v sX-f-n-b-p-I-b-p-w

sN-b-v-X-p.

a-\-p-j-y-i-c-o-c-¯-n-se B-tc-m-

K-y-a-p-Å e-n-w-t -m-ssk-ä-p-I-sf k-w-c-

£-n-¡-m³ P-m-Iz-e-n³ ]-Z-mÀ-°-w h-f-

sc ^-e-{]-Z-a-m-W-v. Cu h-g-n-¡-p-Å

K-th-j-W-§-sf-Ã-m-w ]-qÀ-®-a-m-b-p-w

h-n-P-b-n-¨-p-sI-m-|-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-p-sI-m-

|-p-X-s¶ A-\-X-n-h-n-Z-q-c-a-m-b `-m-h-n-

b-nÂ \-m-w ]-p-Ñ-t -m-sS ]-p-d-w-I-m-e-p-

sI-m-|-p X-«-n-b-I-ä-p-¶ N-¡ "-t¥-m-

_Â {^-q-«-v' F-¶ \-n-e-b-n-te-b-v-¡-v

D-bÀ-¶-p-h-c-p-sa-¶ I-m-c-y- -nÂ H-«-p-w

k-w-i-b-w th-|.

c-à-k-½À-±-¯-n-\-p-w D-Z-c-tc-m-

K-§Ä-¡-p-w a-e-_-Ô- -n-\-p-sa-Ã-m-w

{]-X-n-h-n-[-n \-m-tc-m-S-p-I-q-S-n-b -£-y-h-

k-v-X-p-h-m-b N-¡-X-s-¶-b-m-W-v. B-b-p-

Ê-v hÀ-²-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w Xz-¡-n-\-v

B-IÀ-j-W-o-b-X e-`-n-¡-p-h-m-\-p-w

a-q-e-¡-p-c-p t`-Z-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w N-¡-

¸-g-w h-f-sc \-Ã-X-m-W-v. N-¡-b-p-sS

a-S-e-nÂ t]-m-j-I-k-a-r-²-a-m-b "-s]-

I-v-S-n³-' A-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-|-v. C-X-v sP-Ã-n

F-¶ c-p-N-n-I-c-a-m-b h-n-`-h-w X-¿-m-d-m-

¡-m³ D-X-I-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

N-¡-¡-p-c-p100 {K-m-w N-¡-¡-p-c-p -h-nÂ

\-n-¶-v 133 I-te-m-d-n DuÀ-Ö-a-m-W-v

e-`-n-¡-p-I. C-X-nÂ a-m-w-k-y-w, A-¶-

P-w, C-c-p-¼-v, sI-m-g-p-¸-v, tk-m-U-n-b-w,

s]-m-«-m-k-y-w X-p-S-§-n-b-h N-p-f-b-n-te-

X-n-t\-¡-mÄ hÀ-²-n- tX-m-X-nÂ A-S-

§-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. a-p-«-b-v-¡-v X-p-e-y-a-m-b

c-o-X-n-b-nÂ t{]-m-«-o³ A-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-Å

N-¡-¡-p-c-p-h-nÂ sI-m-g-p-¸-n-sâ A-w-

i-w- h-f-sc I-p-d-h-m-W-v. sI-m-f-k-v-

t{S-mÄ t]-m-e-p-Å P-o-h-n-X-ssi-e-o

tc-m-K-§Ä h-y-m-]-I-a-m-I-p-¶ C-¡-m-

e-¯-v C-{X-b-p-w K-p-W-§-f-p-Å- N-¡-

¡-p-c-p \-m-w ]-m-g-m-¡-c-p-X-v.

N-¡-¡-p-c-p-h-nÂ I-y-m³-kÀ t]-m-

e-p-Å tc-m-K-s¯ {]-X-n-tc-m-[-n-¡-p-¶

L-S-I-§-f-p-s|-¶-v ]T-\-§-f-nÂ

I-s|- -n-b-X-v {]-tX-y-I-w H-mÀ-t¡-

|-X-p-|-v. N-¡-¡-p-c-p-h-n-sâ Hu-j-[-

h-o-c-y-w te-m-I-P-\-{i-² ]-n-S-n- -p-]-ä-n-¡-

g-n-ª-p. i-c-m-i-c-n 100 {K-m-w N-¡-¡-p-

c-p-h-nÂ A-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-Å L-S-I-§-f-p-w

A-f-h-p-w C-{]-I-m-c-a-m-W-v:

P-e-m-w-i-w þ 51.6 þ 57.77 {K-m-w

t{]-m-«-o³ þ 6.6 {K-m-w

sI-m-g-p-¸-v þ 0.4 {K-m-w

A-¶-P-w þ 38.4 {K-m-w

\-m-c-v þ 1.5 {K-m-w

B-j-v þ 1.25 þ 1.5 {K-m-w

I-mÂ-k-y-w þ 0.05 þ 0.55

a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

t^-m-k-v-^-d-k-v þ 0.13 þ 0.23 a-n-Ã-n-{K-m-w

\-q-d-p {K-m-w h-d-p-¯ D-W-¡-n-b N-¡-

¡-p-c-p-h-n-sâ L-S-I-§Ä i-X-a-m-\-¡-

W-¡-v C-§-s\-b-m-W-v:

B-j-v þ 2.96%

I-mÂ-k-y-w þ 0.13%

t^-m-k-v-^-d-k-v þ 0.54%

C-c-p-¼-v þ 0.005%


I-p-c-p I-d-n-h-b-v-¡-p-t¼-mÄ A-X-n-sâ a-p-I-f-nÂ H-«-n-t¨À-¶-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ X-h-n-

«-p-\-n-d-¯-n-e-p-Å B-h-c-W-w I-¯-n-sI-m-|-v N-p-c-|-n-¡-f-b-c-p-X-v. [-m-c-m-f-w Hu-

j-[-a-q-e-y-§Ä A-X-nÂ A-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-|-v.

N-¡-¡-p-c-p \-¶-m-b-n D-W-¡-n-sb-S-p- -v s]-m-S-n-b-m-¡-n I-g-n- -mÂ N-p-W-§-v,

h-«-s¨-m-d--n, ]-p-g-p-¡-S-n F-¶-n-h a-m-{X-a-Ã I-p-j-vT-w, Xz-¡-v, I-y-m³-kÀ a-p-X-e-m-b

Xz-¡-v tc-m-K-§-sf-b-p-w A-I-ä-n-\-nÀ-¯-p-w.

¹-m-h-n-e]- -¹-m-h-n-e I-m-e-n- -o-ä-b-m-b-n a-m-d-p-t¼-mÄ ]-g-p- ¹-m-h-n-e-b-p-w sR-«-p-w

B-b-pÀ-th-Z N-n-I-n-Õ-b-nÂ D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-p-t]-m-c-p-¶-p.

k-v-{X-o-IÄ h-o-«-nÂ-X-s¶ {]-k-h-n-¨-n-c-p-¶ ]-g-b-I-m-e-¯-v {]-k-h-ti-

j-w a-d-p-]-n-Å h-o-g-m³ {K-m-a-o-W h-b-ä-m-«-n-a-mÀ k-q-c-y-{]-I-m-i-w t\-c-n-«-p-X-«-m-

sX h-m-«-n-b-p-W-¡-n-b ¹-m-h-n-e-sR-«-v

s]-m-S-n -s¨-S-p -¯-v F-sÅ-®-b-nÂ

IÂ-¡-|-w tNÀ-¯-v tk-h-n-¡-m³

sI-m-S-p-¡-p-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

]-g-p-¯-¹-m-h-n-e sh-Å-¯-n-e-n-«-v

sh-«-n-¯-n-f-¸-n-¨-v k-l-n-¡-m-h-p-¶ N-q-

S-nÂ I-p-f-n-¨-mÂ ]-p-d-w-th-Z-\, i-c-o-

c-th-Z-\ F-¶-n-h-b-v-s¡-Ã-m-w i-a-\-w

I-n-«-p-w. £-o-W-w a-m-d-p-w. \-Ã D-d-¡-w

e-`-n-¡-p-w.

a-ª- -n- -w -a-m-d-n-¡-n-«-p-¶-X-n-\-v

]-g-p-¯ ¹-m-h-n-e-sR-«-p-w P-o-c-I-h-p-w

I-j-m-b-w h-¨-p tk-h-n-¨-mÂ a-X-n.

]-Ã-p-th-Z-\-b-p-Å-hÀ ]-g-p-¡-¹-m-h-n-e

N-h-¨-c-¨-v ]-Ã-p-tX-b-v-¡-p-I. ta-m-W-

b-v -¡-v Z-r-V-X-b-p-|-m-I-p-w. th-Z-\

a-m-d-n-¡-n-«-p-w.

]-c-p -¯-n -¡-p -c-p -h-n -sâ I-m-b

H-sc-®-w ]-g-p-¯ ¹-m-h-n-e-b-nÂ s]-m-

X-n-ª-v N-p-s«-S-p- -X-n-\-p-ti-j-w ]-n-g-n-

ª-v \-o-sc-S-p-¯-v k-l-n-¡-m-h-p-¶

N-q-tS-m-sS H-¶-p-c-|-p X-p-Å-n sN-h-n-

b-n-se-m-g-n-¨-mÂ sN-h-n-th-Z-\-b-v-¡-v

i-a-\-a-p-|-m-I-p-¶-X-m-W-v.

¹-m-h-n-e, ¹-m-h-n³-]-«, X-S-n, th-

c-v F-¶-n-h-sb-¡-p-d-n-¨-v C-\-n-b-p-a-p-|-v

]-d-b-m³ \-q-d-n-te-sd K-p-W-§Ä.

¹-m-h-v -£-W-w X-c-p-w, X-WÂ X-c-p-w,

\-Ã X-S-n-b-p-w X-c-p-w.

N-¡ ]-g-p -¯-v X-m-sg-h-o -W-v

s]-m-«-n-¨-n-X-d-n i-e-y-a-m-b-n a-m-d-p-¶-p.

C-e-IÄ h-o-W-v ]-c-n -k-c-sa-Ã-m-w

h-r-¯-n-tI-S-m-¡-p-¶-p F-s¶-Ã-m-w

h-n-e-]-n-¡-p-¶-h-tc-m-S-p-w ¹-m-h-v sh-«-n-

¡-f-b-p-h-m³ X-¿-m-sd-S-p-¡-p-¶-h-tc-m-

S-p-w D-¯-a-h-r-£-a-m-W-v ¹-m-sh-¶-p-w

I-m-e-m-h-Ø-m h-y-X-n-b-m-\-s¯ A-X-n-

P-o-h-n-¨-v ]-«-n-W-n-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w \-s½-

b-p-w h-c-p-w-X-e-a-p-d-sb-b-p-w c-£-n-¡-p-

sa-¶ k-X-y-w ]-d-b-m³ C-\-n-b-p-w

ssh-I-c-p-X-v. Cu tZ-h-h-r-£-s¯

k-w-c-£-n-¡-p-sa-¶-p-w ¹-m-h-n-sâ-b-p-w

N-¡-b-p-sS-b-p-w N-¡-¡-p-c-p-h-n-sâ-b-p-w

¹-m-h-n-e-b-p-sS-b-p-w... K-p-W-§-f-p-w

{]-m-[-m-\-y-h-p-w P-\-§Ä-¡-n-S-b-nÂ

{]-N-c-n-¸-n-¡-p-sa-¶-p-w \-a-p-¡-v {]-X-n-

Ú-sb-S-p-¡-m-w.

N-¡ ]-g-w a-m-{X-a-Ã, ]-¨-¡-d-n-

b-p-a-m-W-v.

""N-¡ I-g-n-¡-q... B-tc-m-K-y-w

k-w-c-£-n-¡-q...''

a-ª-¸n-¯w -am-dn-¡n-«p-¶-Xn-\v ]-gp-¯ ¹m-hn-e-sR-«pw Po-c-I-hpw I-jm-bw h-¨p tk-hn-¨mÂ a-Xn. ]-Ãp-th-Z-\-bp-Å-hÀ ]-gp-¡-¹m-hn-e N-h-¨-c-¨v ]-Ãp-tX-bv-¡p-I. tam-W-bv-¡v Zr-V-X-bp-|m-Ipw. th-Z-\ am-dn-¡n-«pw


\-½-p-sS i-c-o-c-¯-n-\-v G-ä-h-p-w B-h-i-y-a-m-b P-o-h-I-§-f-p-w a-q-e-I-§-f-p-w

\-m-c-p-I-f-p-w sI-m-|-v t]-m-j-W-k-¼-¶-a-m-b H-c-p \-m-S³ ^-e-a-m-W-v N-¡.

{]-ta-l-h-p-w A-a-n-X sI-m-f-k-v-t{S-m-f-p-w DÄ-s¸-sS-b-p-Å P-o-h-n-X-ssi-e-o tc-m-

K-§Ä h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b k-m-l-N-c-y-¯-nÂ ^-m-Ì-v-^-p-U-v h-n-`-h-§Ä H-g-n-h-m-¡-n

t]-m-j-I-a-q-e-y-ta-sd-b-p-Å N-¡-t]-m-se-b-p-Å \-m-S³ -£-W h-n-`-h-§-f-n-te-

b-v-¡-v a-S-t§-|-X-p-|-v.

N-¡-b-nÂ P-o-h-I-w F-b-p-w k-n-b-p-w k-a-r-²-a-m-b-n A-S-§-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

Cu P-o-h-I-§Ä Bâ-n H-m-I-v-k-n-Uâ-p-IÄ I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v. c-à-[-a-\-n-b-p-sS

P-c-m-h-Ø-b-¡-p-w-p-w I-m³-k-d-n-\-p-w h-mÀ-²-I-y-¯-n-\-p-t]-m-e-p-w I-m-c-W-a-m-I-m-

h-p-¶ kz-X-{ -I-W-n-I-I-f-m-b { -o-d-m-U-n-¡-e-p-I-sf C-h \-oÀ-h-o-c-y-a-m-¡-p-¶-p.

I-q-S-m-sX N-¡-b-n-e-S-§-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ s]-m-«-m-k-y-w t]-m-se-b-p-Å a-q-e-I-§Ä

l-r-Z-b-m-tc-m-K-y-¯-n-\-p-w \-Ã-X-m-W-v.

]-m-I-a-m-b N-¡-b-nÂ Z-l-\-{]-{I-n-b-b-v-¡-v h-g-§-m-¯ \-m-c-p-IÄ (ss^-

_À) \-¶-m-b-n A-S-§-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. N-¡-¡-p-c-p-h-nÂ 11.1{K-m-a-p-w N-¡-]-g-

¯-nÂ 2.6{K-m-a-p-w (100 {K-m-w) \-m-c-p-I-f-m-W-v A-S-§-n-b-n-«-p-f-f-X-v. Cu \-m-c-p-I-f-p-

sS a-sä-m-c-p k-h-n-ti-j-X C-h-b-n-te-sd-b-p-w (60%) P-e- -nÂ e-b-n- -p-tN-c-m-

X-c-¯-n-e-p-Å-X-m-sW-¶-X-m-W-v. Cu \-m-c-p-IÄ `-£-W-¯-n-se ¥-q-t¡-m-

k-n-sâ-b-p-w sI-m-g-p-¸-n-sâ-b-p-w B-K-n-c-W-s¯ X-S-b-p-¶-p. Cu {]-tX-y-I-X

{]-ta-l \-n-b-{´-W-¯-n-\-p-w A-a-n-X sI-m-f-k-v-t{S-m-f-n-sâ \-n-b-{´-W-¯-n-\-p-w

D-]-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. I-q-S-m-sX h³-I-p-S-e-n-se AÀ-_-p-Z-¯-n-\-v I-m-c-W-a-m-I-m-h-p-¶

I-mÀ-k-n-t\-m-P-\-p-I-sf ]-p-d-´-Å-m-\-p-w \-m-c-p-IÄ k-l-m-b-n-¡-p-¶-p.

{]-ta-l-tc-m-K-n-I-f-nÂ \-S-¯-n-b \-n-c-h-[-n ]T-\-§Ä sX-f-n-b-n-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-

¶-X-v ]-m-I-a-m-b N-¡ D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v X-¿-m-d-m-¡-p-¶ ]-p-g-p-¡-p-t]-m-se-b-p-Å

h-n-`-h-§Ä I-g-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-nÂ c-à-¯-n-se ]-©-k-m-c-b-p-sS A-f-h-v X-m-g-p-

¶-p-sh-¶-X-m-W-v. N-¡-b-p-sS X-m-c-X-ta-y-\ I-p-d-ª ss¥-k-o-a-o-I-v-v C³-U-I-v-

k-m-W-v Cu {]-X-n-`-m-k-¯-n-\-v I-m-c-

W-w. N-¡-b-nÂ A-S-§-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶

¥-q-t¡-m-k-nÂ 30 i-X-a-m-\-h-p-w h-f-sc

k-m-h-[-m-\-w a-m-{X-a-m-W-v c-à-¯-nÂ

I-e-c-p-¶-X-v. I-q-S-m-sX N-¡-b-n-se

k-a-r-²-a-m-b \-m-c-n-sâ A-f-h-p-w N-¡-

¡-p-c-p-h-n-e-S-§-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ Z-l-\-

¯-n-\-v h-g-§-m-¯ A-¶-P-h-p-a-m-W-v

I-p-d-ª ss¥-k-o-a-n-I-v C³-U-I-v-k-n-

sâ a-ä-v I-m-c-W-§Ä

s]-m-X-p-th \-½-p-sS k-a-q-l- -n-

e-p-Å H-c-p [-m-c-W N-¡ {]-ta-l-tc-m-

K-n-IÄ-¡-v A-\-p-tb-m-P-y-a-Ã F-¶-m-

W-v. F-¶-mÂ ]-g-p-¡-m- ]-m-I-a-m-b

N-¡ D-]-tb-m-K-n-¡-p-¶-X-v {]-ta-l-a-p-

Å-hÀ-¡-v-v ]-e-X-c- -nÂ K-p-W-I-c-a-m-

h-p-I-b-m-W-v sN-¿-p-¶-X-v. N-¡-b-n-se

\-m-c-p-IÄ -£-W- -n-se j-p-K-d-n-sâ

B-K-n-c-W-s¯ \-n-b-{´-n-¡-p-¶-X-v

I-q-S-m-sX {]-ta-l tc-m-K-n-I-f-nÂ k-m-

[-m-c-W-b-m-b-n I-|-p-h-c-p-¶ a-e-_-

Ô-¯-n-\-p-w ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-m-W-v. N-¡

h-n-`-h-§Ä I-g-n-¡-p-¶-h-c-nÂ h-bÀ

\-n-d-ª-X-p t]-m-se-b-p-Å k-w-X-r-

]-v-X-n c-|-p-a-W-n-¡-q-d-n-te-sd \-o-|-p-

\-nÂ-¡-p-sa-¶-p-w ]T-\-§Ä k-q-N-n- -n-

-n-«-p-|-v. C-X-v {]-ta-l-tc-m-K-n-I-f-n-se

A-a-n-X h-n-i-¸-n-\-p-w ]-c-n-l-m-c-a-m-I-p-w.

I-q-S-m-sX N-¡-b-n-e-S-§-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶

Bâ-n H-m-I-v-k-n-Uâ-v ti-j-n-b-p-Å

P-o-h-I-§Ä {]-ta-l-k-¦-oÀ-®-X-I-

sf {]-X-n-tc-m-[-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-p-w k-l-m-

b-I-c-a-m-W-v.

N-¡-b-p-sS Hu-j-[-K-p-W-§Ä

k-w-_-Ô-n-¨- v ]T-\-§-tf-sd-b-p -w

\-S-¶-n-«-p-Å-X-v Z-£-n-W ]-qÀ-th-j-y³

c-m-P-y-§-f-n-e-m-W-v. {]-tZ-i-n-I-a-m-b ]

T-\-§-f-n-e-q-sS N-¡-b-p-sS D-]-tb-m-

K-w \-½-p-sS k-a-q-l-¯-nÂ F-{X-a-m-

{X-w {]-tb-m-P-\-{]-Z-a-m-sW-¶-v sX-f-n-

b-n-¡-s¸-tS-|-n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-p.

P‑o‑h‑n‑X‑ssi‑e‑o tc‑m‑K \‑n‑b‑{´‑W‑¯‑n‑\‑v N‑¡‑b‑p‑w N‑¡ h‑n‑`‑h‑§‑f‑p‑w

tUm._n. ]-ß-Ip-amÀ


C-X-c k-w-Ø-m-\ sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-

I-sf ]-e-X-c-¯-nÂ h-o-£-n-¡-p-¶

]-Ý-m-¯-e-¯-nÂ a-w-K-e-m-]-p -c-w

{K-m-a ]-©-m-b-¯-v sX-m-g-n -e-m-f-n

ku-l-r-Z-]-©-m-b-¯-m-b-n a-m-d-p-¶-p.

A-\-y-tZ-i sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-m-b-n h-n-

h-n-[ c-m-P-y-§-f-nÂ tP-m-e-n sN-b-v-X,

C-t¸-m-g-p-w tP-m-e-n-sN-b-v-X-p h-c-p-¶

`-q-c-n-]-£-w h-c-p-¶ a-e-b-m-f-n-I-f-p-sS

X-n-c-n-¨-d-n-h-m-W-v {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-n-

\-v h-g-n-b-m-b-X-v. A-\-y-tZ-i sX-m-g-n-

e-m-f-n-I-f-m-b-n a-m-d-n-b-X-n-\-m-e-m-W-v

C-¶-s¯ tI-c-f-w C-§-s\ h-mÀ-

s¯-S-p-¡-m-\-m-b-X-v. A-\-y c-m-P-y-§-

f-nÂ sX-m-g-nÂ D-S-a-I-f-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w

te-_À I-y-m-¼-p-I-f-n-e-p-w a-e-b-m-f-n-

IÄ-¡-v \-n-c-h-[-n ]-o-U-\-§-f-p-sS

I-Y ]-d-b-m-\-p-|-m-I-p-w.

C-¶-s¯ tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ \-nÀ-

½-m-W ta-J-e-b-nÂ h-n-I-k-\-¯-n-\-v

C-X-c k-w-Ø-m-\ sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-p-sS

]-¦-v h-n-e-a-m-X-n-¡-m-\-m-I-m-¯-X-m-W-v.

\-nÀ-½-m-W ta-L-e-b-nÂ a-m-{X-a-Ã

h-y-m-]-m-c h-y-h-k-m-b ta-J-e-I-f-n-e-p-w

]-W-n-sb-S-p-¡-m³ A-h-sc B-{i-

b-n-t¡-| A-h-Ø-b-m-W-v tI-c-f-

¯-nÂ \-n-e-\-nÂ-¡-p-¶-X-v.

tI-c-f-¯-n-sâ {K-m-a-§-f-nÂ

C-X-c k-w-Ø-m-\ sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-p-

sS F-®-w hÀ-²-n- -p-sI-m-|-n-c-n-¡-p-I-

b-m-W-v. {K-m-a-§-f-nÂ A-h-sc ]-mÀ- -n-

¡-m³ th-|-{X ku-I-c-y-§Ä C-Ã-m-

X-n-c-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w N-n-e sX-m-g-nÂ D-S-a-IÄ

A-h-sc N-q-j-W- -n-\-v h-n-t[-b-c-m-¡-p-

I-b-p-w sN-b-v-X-p-h-c-p-¶-X-n-\-mÂ C-X-c

k-w-Ø-m-\ sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-IÄ _-p-²-n-a-p-

«-p-IÄ A-\-p- -h-n- -p h-c-p-¶-p-|-v.

X-e-Ø-m-\-s¯ sS-I-v-t\-m-]-mÀ-

¡-p-w sS-I-v -t\-m--k-n-ä-n-b-p-w h-c-p-¶

{]-tZ-i-§-f-nÂ h-f-sc sh-Ã-p-h-n -

f-n -IÄ C-¡-m-c-W-§-f-mÂ {K-m-a

]-©-m-b-¯-p-IÄ-¡-v t\-c-n -tS-|-n-

h-c-p-w. sS-I-v-t\-m--k-n-ä-n h-c-p-¶ a-w-

K-e-m-]-p -c-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-nÂ

B-b-n-c-t¯-m-f-w C-X-c-k-w-Ø-m-\

sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-IÄ sX-m-g-nÂ tX-S-n

F-¯-n-b-n-«-p-|-v.

P-n-j-m h-[-w DÄ-s¸-sS-b-p-Å

k-¦-oÀ-®-a-m-b A-h-Ø-b-nÂ {I-n-

a-n-\-e-p-I-f-m-b-h-c-p-w C-h-n-sS F-¯-n

tNÀ-¶-n-«-p-|-m-I-m-\-p-Å k-m-[-y-X

X-Å-n-¡-f-b-m³ ]-ä-n-Ã. A-¯-c-w

h-n-j-b--§-sf I-q-«-n-b-n-W-¡-nbmWv

a-w-K-e-m-]-p-c-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-v H-c-p

]-²-X-n B-k-q-{X-W-w sN-b-v-X-n-c-n-

¡-p-¶-X-v.


IÄ-¡-v h-m-S-I-b-v-¡-v h-o-S-p \Â-I-p-¶

D-S-a-I-f-p-w, tj-m-¸-p-IÄ DÄ-s¸-sS-

b-p-Å h-y-m-]-m-c h-y-h-k-m-b Ø-m-

]-\-§-f-nÂ tP-m-e-n sN-¿-n-¸-n-¡-p-¶

D-S-a-I-f-p-w, \-nÀ-½-m-W sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-

I-sf sI-m-|-v sX-m-g-nÂ sN-¿-n-¸-n-

¡-p-¶ D-S-a-I-f-p-w P-q-sse 15\-p \-I-w

-sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-p-sS sF-U-n {]-q-^-p

k-l-n-X-w ]-©-m-b-¯-n-Â h-n-h-c-w

A-d-n-b-n-¡-W-w. h-o-g-v-N h-c-p-¯-p-¶

D-S-a-IÄ-s¡-X-n-sc ]-n-g A-S-¡-a-p-Å

IÀi\ \-S-]-S-n-IÄ kz-o-I-c-n-¡-m³

I-½-n-ä-n X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n-¨-n-«-p-|-v. Cu h-n-

h-c ti-J-c-W-w ]-©-m-b- -v t]-m-e-o-

k-n-\-p ssI-a-m-d-p-w.

10 Â I-q-S-p-XÂ t]À X-m-a-k-n-

¡-p-¶ Ø-e-§Ä te-_À I-y-m-

¼-m -¡-n I-W-¡-m-¡-n sX-m -g -nÂ

h-I-p-¸-n-s\ h-n-h-c-w A-d-n-b-n-¨-p \-S-]-

S-n-IÄ ssI-s¡-m-Å-p-w. 10 Â I-q-S-p-

XÂ t]À D-Å Ø-e-¯-v 1/10 F-¶

A-\-p-]-m-X-¯-nÂ \-nÀ-_-Ô-a-m-b-p-w

I-¡-q-k-v D-|-m-b-n-c-n-¡-W-w.

sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-IÄ-¡-v 6 a-m-k-¯-n-

se-m-c-n-¡Â X-m-a-k Ø-e-§-f-n-se

{]-m-Y-a-m-I-m-tc-m-K-y-tI-{µ-¯-n-sâ

t\-X-r-Xz-¯-nÂ sa-U-n-¡Â ]-c-n-

ti-m-[-\ \-S-¯-W-w. a-m-k-¯-nÂ

H-c - n -¡Â X-m -a -k-Ø-e-§-f-nÂ

slÂ-¯-v C-³-k-v-s]-ÎÀ-a-mÀ ]-c-n-

ti-m-[-\ \-S-¯-W-w.


IÄ-¡-m-b-n LDF kÀ-¡-mÀ \-S-¸-m-

¡-n-b I-p-S-n-tb-ä sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n t£-a

\-n-[-n-b-nÂ A-w-K-Xz-w F-S-p-¸-n-¡-m³

A-h-sc t_-m-[-hÂ-¡-c-n-¡-p-w. A-X-n-

\-m-b-n l-n-µ-n, X-a-n-g-v `-m-j-I-f-nÂ

{]-[-m-\ tI-{µ-§-f-nÂ t_-mÀ-U-p

Ø-m-]-n-¡-p-w.

sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-IÄ-¡-p-|-m-I-p-¶

_-p-²-n-a-p-«-p-IÄ ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-\-p-w

sX-m-g-nÂ Ø-e-§-f-nÂ A-hÀ-¡-p-

|-m-I-p-¶ ]-o-U-\-§Ä ]-c-n-l-c-n-¡-m-

\-p-w ]-©-m-b-¯-nÂ "IÀ-½ tk-h-m

tI-{µ' F-¶ t]-c-nÂ ]-c-m-X-n skÂ

c-q-]-o-I-c-n-¡-p-w. C-X-c k-w-Ø-m-\

sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-I-f-p-sS I-e-b-p-w I-m-b-n-I-

h-p-a-m-b h-n-I-Ê-\-§Ä-¡-m-b-n F-Ã-m

hÀ-j-h-p-w ""c-w-tK-m-e-n'' F-¶ t]-c-nÂ

a-Õ-c-§Ä DÄ-s -sS-b-p-Å D-Õ-h-w

\-S-¯-p-w.

h-y-à-a-m-b tc-J-IÄ C-Ã-m-¯

H-c-p C-X-c-k-w-Ø-m-\ sX-m-g-n-e-m-f-n-

sb-b-p-w {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-nÂ X-m-a-

k-n-¡-m³ A-\-p-h-Z-n-¡-n-Ã.

CXc kwØm\sXmgnemfn kulrZ ]©mb¯mbn awKem]pcw {Kma]©mb¯v

awKem]pcw jm^n


D‑d‑hn‑S am‑en‑\y‑kw‑kv‑¡‑c‑Wwam‑Xr‑I‑bm‑bn X-t±-i-kz-bw-`-c-W-h-Ip-¸p-a-{´n

-e-{]-Z-a-m-b K-r-l-tI-{µ-o-I-r-X

a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-w I-|-p

]T-n-¡-tW-m?

a-e-¸-p -d-w h-f-m-t©-c-n -b-n -se

"K-k-e-n'te-¡-v sN-Ã-q. _-l-p-a-m-

\-s¸-« X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W h-I-p-¸-p-

a-{´-n tU-m. sI.S-n. P-e-o-e-n-sâ h-k-

X-n-b-m-b A-h-n-sS a-q-¶-v F-w. I-y-q-_-v

ti-j-n-b-p-Å _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-m³-d-p-

|-v. a-{´-n-b-p-w I-p-S-p-w-_-h-p-w k-t´-m-

j-t¯-m-sS A-X-n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\-w

]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-p-w. _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v

¹-m³-d-n-sâ N-n-{X-o-I-c-W-¯-n-\-m-b-n

A-[-n-I-w a-p-s¶-m-c-p-¡-§-sf-m-¶-p

a-n-Ã-m-sX a-e-¸-p-d-w P-n-Ã-m i-p-N-n-Xz-a-n-

j-sâ Hu-Z-t-y-m-K-n-I-k-w-L-w A-h-n-

sS-sb-¯-n-b-¸Ä C-¡-m-c-y-w t\-c-n-«-v

t_-m-[-y-s¸-«-p.

a-{´-n-b-m-b-ti-j-a-Ã A-t±-l-w

Cu ¹-m³-d- v Ø-m-]-n -¨-X-v. I-p-ä-n -

¸-p-d-w \-n-b-a-k-`-m a-Þ-e-¯-nÂ

\-n-¶-v 2006Â I-¶-n-h-n-P-b-w t\-S-n

F-w.FÂ.F. B-b k-a -b-¯- v ,

X-sâ a-Þ-e-¯-n-se a-m-e-n-\-y

\-nÀ-½-mÀ-P-\ {]-hÀ- -\-§Ä NÀ- -

sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n h-n-]-p-e-a-m-b H-c-p

tb-m-K-w A-t±-l-w h-n-f-n-¨-p tNÀ-¯-n-

c-p-¶-p. ssP-h-a-m-e-n-\-y-§-f-p-sS i-m-k-v-

{X-o-b k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-¯-n-\-v G-ä-h-p-w

a-n-I-¨ k-w-h-n-[-m-\-§-f-n se-m-¶-v

_-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-m³-d-m-sW-¶-v {]-k-v-

X-p-X-tb-m-K-¯-nÂ ]-s¦-S-p-¯ h-n-

j-b-h-n-Z-K-v-²-c-nÂ \-n-¶-v a-{´-n-b-v-¡-v

t_-m-[-y-s¸-«-p. A-X-v kz-´-w h-o-«-nÂ

{]-m-hÀ- -n-I-a-m-¡-m³ X-o-c-p-a-m-\-n- -m-

W-v A-¶-t±-l-w a-S-§-n-b-X-v. h-o-«-nÂ

h-n-j-b-a-h-X-c-n- -n- -t -mÄ i-m-k-v-{X-m-

[-y-m-]-n-I-b-m-b -m-c-y-b-v-¡-p-w I-p-«-n-IÄ-

¡-p-w D-Õ-m-l-ta-d-n.

sX-m-«-S-p -¯ Z-n-h-k-w X-s¶

i-p-N-n-Xz-a-n-j-sâ A-w-K-o-I-r-X tk-

h-\-Z-m-X-m-h-m-b I-m-S-m-¼-p-g-b-n-se

Z-o-]-w _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v G-P³-k-n-sb

tP-m-e-n-tbÂ-¸-n-¨-p. a-q-¶-v F-w. I-y-q-

_-n-sâ Z-o-\-_-Ô-p ta-m-UÂ ¹-m³-d-v

A-hÀ H-c-p-¡-n-s¡-m-S-p-¯-p. C-X-n-\-v

G-I-tZ-i-w 35000 c-q-]-b-m-W-v sN-e-

h-m-b-X-v. I-r-j-n-h-I-p-¸-nÂ \-n-¶-v 8000

c-q-]-b-p-sS k-_-v-k-n-U-n-b-p-w e-`-n-¨-p.

-tPym-Xn-jv a-Wm-tÈ-cn

^

Pqembv 20163]©mbØv cmPv 435


\-m-«-p-I-m-sc-¡-q-S-n C-X-n-sâ D-]-tb-m-K-w ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-m-\-p-w t_-m-[-hÂ-

¡-c-n-¡-m-\-p-a-m-W-v C-{X-b-p-w h-e-n-b ¹-m³-d-v Ø-m-]-n-¨-sX-¶-v a-{´-n ]-d-ª-p.

C-X-p-I-|-v {]-tN-m-Z-n-X-c-m-b \-m-«-p-I-m-c-nÂ ]-e-c-p-w ]-n-¶-o-S-v ¹-m³-d-v \-nÀ-½-n-¨-X-v

A-t±-l-ta-mÀ-¯-p. C-X-p-h-sc b-m-sX-m-c-p I-p-g-¸-h-p-w h-o-«-n-se ¹-m³-d-n-\-v k-w-`-

h-n-¨-n-«-n-Ã F-¶-p-w a-{´-n k-m-£-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p.

A-\-p-h-Z-n-¨ k-a-b-¯-n-e-p-w AÂ-]-w t\-c-s¯-b-m-W-v R-§Ä K-k-e-n-

se-¯-n-b-X-v. A-t¸-m-tg-¡-p-w sN-d-n-b-m-c-mÄ-¡-q-«-w A-h-n-sS c-q-]-s¸-«-n-c-p-¶-p.

P-\-§Ä-¡-v s]-m-X-p-P-\-tk-h-I-c-n-e-p-Å {]-X-o-£-b-p-w h-n-iz-m-k-h-p-w F-{X-

t¯-m-f-w h-e-p-X-m-sW-¶-v t_-m-[-y-s¸-S-m³ B I-m-g-v-N [-m-c-m-f-a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

k-w-Ø-m-\-X-e-¯-nÂ \-n-¶-p-Å \-nÀ-t±-i-a-\-p-k-c-n-¨-v N-n-{X-o-I-c-W-¯-n-\-m-b-n

]-p-d-s¸-S-p-t¼-mÄ K-mÀ-l-n-tI-m-]-tb-m-K-¯-n-\-p-Å H-c-p k-m-[-m-c-W ¹-m³-d-m-b-n-

c-p-¶-p R-§-f-h-n-sS {]-X-o-£-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v. a-{´-n-sb I-m-W-m³ Du-g-w I-m-¯-n-

c-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-n-S-b-n-e-m-W-v A-h-n-sS H-c-p a-q-e-b-nÂ h-¨-n-c-p-¶ ]-¨-¡-d-n A-h-i-n-

ã-§-f-p-sS-b-p-w tI-m-g-n-b-h-i-n-ã-§-f-p-sS-b-p-w N-m-¡-p-IÄ {i-²-b-nÂ-s¸-«-X-v.

B h-o-«-nÂ \-S-¶ h-n-c-p-¶-n-sâ-tb-m a-tä-m A-h-i-n-ã-§-f-m-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w A-h

F-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p B-Z-y-w I-c-p-X-n-b-X-v. ¹-m³-d-nÂ \-n-t£-]-n-¡-m³ \-m-«-p-I-mÀ

sI-m-|-p-h-¶ ssP-h-a-m-e-n-\-y-§-f-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p A-h F-¶-v ]-n-¶-o-S-m-W-v a-\-Ê-n-

e-m-b-X-v. a-ä-p s]-m-X-p-tk-h-\-§Ä-¡-p ]-p-d-sa a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-tk-h-\-w

I-q-S-n \Â-I-p-¶ H-tc-sb-m-c-p a-{ -n-K-r-l-w H-c-p ]-t£ h-f-m-t©-c-n-b-n-se K-kÂ

B-b-n-c-n-¡-p-w. A-h-n-sS B-Z-y-a-m-sb-¯-p-¶ a-ä-m-sc-b-p-w t]-m-se B I-m-g-v-N

R-§-sf-b-p-w B-Ý-c-y-s¸-S-p-¯-n.

A-X-n-c-m-h-n-se a-p-XÂ \-m-\-m-h-n-[ {]-i-v-\-§Ä {i-²-b-nÂ-s¸-S-p-¯-m³

h-¶-h-c-p-sS X-n-c-¡-n-\-n-S b-n-e-p-w H-¼-X-p-a-W-n-tb-m-sS a-{ -n N-n-{X-o-I-c-W- -n-\-v

X-¿-m-d-m-b-n h-¶-p. X-p-SÀ-¶-v N-n-{X-o-I-c-W h-n-j-b-h-p-w c-o-X-n-b-p-w B-c-m-ª-p.

]-c-k-v-]-c-w ]-c-n-N-b-s¸-S-p-¯-e-p-w j-q-«-n-w-K-v NÀ-¨-b-p-w H-c-p-a-n-¨-v \-S-¶-p. N-n-

{X-o-I-c-W-¯-nÂ h-c-p-¶ t]-m-c-m-b-v-a-IÄ-¡-v A-[-y-m-]-I³ I-q-S-n-b-m-b a-{´-n

X-s¶ ]-c-n-l-m-c-w \-nÀ-t±-i-n-¡-W-sa-¶ A-`-yÀ-°-\ tb-m-sS I-c-S-v k-v-{I-n-]-v-ä-v

R-§Ä ssI-a-m-d-n.

I-Å-n-a-p-|-p-w S-o-jÀ-«-p-w [-c-n-¨-v

X-\-n-h-o-«-p-I-m-c-\-m-b-n a-{´-n `-m-c-y-

tb-m-sS-m- -w ]-X-n-h-\-p-k-c-n- -v _-tb-m-

K-y-m-k-v ¹-m³-d-n-\-c-n-I-n-se-¯-n. X-te-

Z-n-h-k-s¯ `-£-y-m-h-i-n-ã-§-f-p-w

N-¡-a-S-e-p-w a-ä-p ssP-h a-m-e-n-\-y-§-

f-p-w A-hÀ S-m-¦-nÂ \-n-t£-]-n-¨-p.

X-n-c-¡-p-s|-¦-n-e-p-w ]-c-n-Ø-n-X-n k-w-

c-£-W-h-p-w a-m-e-n-\-y \-nÀ-½-mÀ-Ö-

\-h-p-w X-m³ G-sd Ku-c-h-t¯-m-sS

I-m-W-p-¶ h-n-j-b-§-f-m-sW-¶-v a-{ -n

]-¦-p-sh- -p. R-§-f-p-sS k-v-{I-n-]-v-ä-nÂ

a-{´-n X-sâ kÀ-K-m-ß-I-X-b-p-sS

]-q-s¼-m-S-n h-n-X-d-n-b-t¸-mÄ I-n-S-n-e³

k-w- -m-j-W-a-m-W-v ]-n-d-h-n-sb-S-p- -X-v.

"a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä c-|-p-X-c-a-p-|-v.

A-g-p-I-p-¶-h-b-p-w A-g-p-I-m-¯-h-b-p-w.

A-g-p-I-p-¶ a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä R-§Ä

_-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v ¹-m³-d-n-e-n-«-v i-m-k-v-{X-o-

b-a-m-b-n k-w-k-v-¡-c-n-¡-p-¶-p. A-g-p-I-m-

¯-h h-r-¯-n-b-m-¡-n ]-m-g-v h-k-v-X-p

h-y-m-]-m-c-n-IÄ-¡-v ssI-a-m-d-p-¶-p. C-X-v

tI-h-e-sa-m-c-p ]-c-k-y-h-m-N-I-a-Ã.

R-§Ä h-o-«-nÂ sN-b-v-X-p-h-c-p-¶

X-m-W-v. \-n-§Ä-¡-p-w sN-b-v-X-p-I-q-tS.

¢-o³-tI-c-f."

A-[-n-I-w d-o-tS-¡-p-IÄ B-h-

i-y-w h-¶-n-Ã. k-w-`-m-j-W-w a-½-q-«-n-

sb-t¸-m-e-p-w sh-Ã-p-¶-X-m-sb-¶-v N-p-

ä-p-w I-q-S-n \-n-¶ \-m-«-p-I-mÀ! X-p-SÀ-¶-v

_-tb-m-K-y-m-k-v D-]-tb-m-K-n-¨-v sh-Å-w

X-n-f-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-v S-o-¨À R-§Ä-¡-v

I-m-W-n-¨-p-X-¶-p. _-tb-m-K-y-m-k-p-Å-

X-n-\-mÂ A-]-qÀ-Æ-a-m-b-n a-m-{X-ta

K-y-m-k-v I-m-i-p sI-m-S-p-¯-p-h-m-§-m-d-p

Å-p-sh-¶-p-w ¹-m³-d-n-\-m-b-n sN-e-h-

g-n-¨ I-m-i-v C-X-n-\-I-w X-s¶ a-p-X-

e-m-sb-¶-p-w S-o-¨À ]-d-ª-p. ssP-

h-a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-¯-n-\-p-Å

i-m-k-v -{X-o-b-h-p-w ^-e-{]-Z-h-p-a-m-b

a-mÀ-K-w {]-m-hÀ-¯-n-I-a-m-¡-m³ I-g-n-

ª-X-n-se k-w-X-r-]-v-X-n B A-[-y-m-

]-I Z-¼-X-n-IÄ a-d-¨-p-sh-¨-n-Ã. X-p-

SÀ-¶-v h-o-«-nÂ X-c-w-X-n-c-n-¨-p-h-¨-n-c-p-¶

A-ssP-h a-m-e-n-\-y-w A-hÀ ]-m-g-v

h-k-v -X-p-h-y-m-]-m-c-n-sb GÂ-¸-n-¨-p.

D-d-h-n-S- -nÂ X-s¶ a-m-e-n-\-y-w i-m-k-v-

{X-o-b-a-m-b-n ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-n-

\-p-Å D- -a a-m-X-r-I-b-v-¡-v a-sä-§-p-w

A-t\z-j-n-¨-p-t]-m-tI-|-X-n-sÃ-¶-v

A-h-n-sS h-¶ \-m-«-p-I-mÀ-s¡-Ã-m-w

t_-m-[-y-a-m-b-n. A-ssP-h-a-m-e-n-\-y-



§Ä F-{]-I-m-c-a-m-W-v h-r-¯-n-b-m-b-n

k-q-£-n-¨-v sh-t¡-|-sX-¶-v S-o-¨À

R-§Ä-¡-v I-m-«-n-¯-¶-p. F-{X h-r-

¯-n-b-p-w I-c-p-X-te-m-S-p-w I-q-S-n-b-m-W-v

A-[-y-m-]-n-I-b-m-b B h-o-«-½ A-h

X-c-w-X-n-c-n-¨-v sh-¨-n-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v! ]-m-g-v

h-k-v-X-p-¡Ä \-n-Ý-n-X C-S-th-f-I-

f-nÂ A-hÀ h-y-m-]-m-c-n-IÄ-¡-v ssI-

a-m-d-p-w. a-®-p-w s]-m-S-n-b-p-w I-e-c-m-¯

]-m-g-v h-k-v-X-p-¡Ä e- -n-¡-p-¶ A-]-qÀ-

Æ-w h-o-S-p-I-f-nÂ H-¶-m-W-v K-kÂ

F-¶-v A-¶-h-n-sS h-¶ ]-m-g-v h-k-v-

X-p h-y-m-]-m-c-n k-m-£-y-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-p.

¹-m-Ì-n-¡-v I-h-d-p-w sh-Å-¡-p-¸-n-b-p-w

sN-c-p-¸-p-w, I-p-¸-n-¨-n-Ã-p-w, _Ä-_-p-w,

{_-j-p-w, {_-j-n-sâ I-q-S-p-w DÄ-s¸-

sS \-n-c-h-[-n k-m-[-\-§Ä A-hÀ

h-y-m-]-m-c-n-¡-v ssI-a-m-d-n. a-{´-n-sb

I-m-W-m-s\-¯-p-¶-hÀ A-e-£-y-a-m-

b-n h-e-n-s¨-d-n-b-p-¶ a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä

s]-d-p-¡-n-sb-S-p- -p X-c-w-X-n-c-n-t¡-|

A-[-n-I-tP-m-e-n I-q-S-n C-t¸-mÄ B

h-o-«-p-I-mÀ-¡-p-|-v. a-{´-n-b-p-w I-p-S-p-w-

_-h-p-w h-o-«-n-se ssP-h A-ssP-h

a-m-e-n-\-y-§Ä ssI-I-m-c-y-w sN-¿-p-¶

c-o-X-n F-Ã-m-h-c-p-w kz-o-I-c-n-¨-mÂ a-m-

e-n-\-y-a-p-à tI-c-f-w F-¶ J-y-m-X-n

F-{X-b-p-w s]-s«-¶-v t\-S-n-sb-S-p-¡-m³

G-sd b-X-v-\-n-t¡-|-n-h-c-n-Ã.

S-o- -d-p-sS k-v-I-q-f-n-se I-p-«-n-I-sf

D-]-tb-m-K-s¸-S-p-¯-n D-]-tb-m-K-i-q-

\-y-a-m-b t]-\-IÄ ti-J-c-n-¨-v ]-p-\x-

N-w-{I-a-W-¯-n-\-v \Â-I-p-¶ 's]³-

_-n³-]-²-X-n' ssh-I-m-sX \-S-¸-m-

¡-m-\-p-Å kÀ-Æ-k-l-I c-W-h-p-w

D-d- -p-\Â-I-n-b-m-W-v R-§Ä A-h-n-sS

\-n-¶-p-w X-n-c-n-¨-X-v. C-d-§-m-s\-m-c-p-§-

sh, a-{ -n-sb I-m-W-m³ h-¶-h-c-n-e-m-

tc-m A-e-£-y-a-m-b-n h-e-n-s¨-d-n-ª

H-g-n-ª ¹-m-Ì-n-I-v I-p-¸-n ]-m-gz-k-v-X-p-

h-y-m-]-m-c-n-b-p-sS h-m-l-\-¯-n-te-¡-v

F-S-p-¯-n-S-m-\-p-w R-§Ä a-d-¶-n-Ã.

a-m-e-n-\-y-w A-e-k-a-m-b-n ssI-I-m-c-y-w

sN-¿-m-X-n-c-n ¡-m³ h-y-m-]-I-a-m-b

t_-m-[-h-X-v-¡-c-W-w B-h-i-y-a-m-sW-

¶-v C-X-v R-§-sf H-mÀ-½-t¸-S-p-¯-n.

_-l-p-a-p-J-{]-X-n-`-b-m-b X-t±-i-

kz-b-w-`-c-W-h-I-p-¸-p a-{´-n D-d-h-n-S

a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-¡-c-W- -n-e-p-w X-sâ

X-m-b H-tc-S-v F-g-p-X-n-tNÀ- -X-v a-{ -n-

]-Z-¯-n-\-p a-p-¼-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p F-¶ I-m-

c-y-w G-sd {i-t²-b-a-m-W-v. kz-´-w

h-o-«-nÂ A-t±-l-w \-S-¸-m-¡-n-b a-m-

e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-c-o-X-n ]-d-b-p-¶-X-v sN-¿-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶-X-v ]-d-b-p-I-b-p-w

sN-¿-p-¶-h-c-m-I-W-w s]-m-X-p-{]-hÀ- -I-sc-¶ A- -n-{]-m-b-s¯ k-m-[-q-I-c-n-¡-p-

¶-p. a-ä-m-sc ¡-m-f-p-w s]-m-X-p-k-a-q-l-w \-n-c-´-c-w \-n-c-o-£-W-¯-n-\-p-w \-n-i-n-

X-a-m-b h-n-aÀ-i-\-§Ä-¡-p-w h-n-t[-b-a-m-I-p ¶-h-c-m-W-v s]-m-X-p-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ.

A-X-p-sI-m-|-p-X-s¶ tI-c-f-¯-n-se G-ä-h-p-w h-e-n-b {]-i-v-\-§-f-n-se-m-¶-m-b

a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-¯-nÂ a-{´-n-a-mÀ DÄ-s¸-sS-b-p-Å P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-

f-p-w s]-m-X-p-{]-hÀ-¯-I-c-p-w I-m-W-n-¡-p-¶ a-m-X-r-I s]-m-X-p-P-\-§Ä-¡-v G-sd

{]-tN-m-Z-\-w \Â-I-p-w.

F-Ã-m h-o-«-n-e-p-w s]-m-X-p C-S-§-f-n-e-p-w D-d-h-n-S a-m-e-n-\-y-k-w-k-v-¡-c-W-w

ssh-I-m-sX {]-m-hÀ-¯-n-I-a-m-¡-m \-m-I-p-sa-¶-v \-a-p-¡-v {]-X-y-m-i-n-¡-m-w. X-t±-

i-kz-b-w-`-c-W-Ø-m-]-\-§Ä A-X-n-\-v a-p³-ssI-sb-S-p-¡-s«.

I-q-«-m-b-n {i-a-n-¡-m-w. F-Ã-m i-c-n (i-p-N-n)b-m-I-p-w.

i-p-N-n-Xz-a-n-j-sâ a-e-¸-p-d-w P-n-Ã-m tI-m-H-mÀ-U-n-t\-ä-d-m-W-v te-J-I³



a-m-a-m-¦-h-p-w {X-n-a-qÀ-¯-n-k-w-K-a-h-p-w

-²-y-I-m-e tI-c-f- -n-se {]-_-e

i-à-n-b-m-b-n-c-p-¶ k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n

c-m-P-m-h-v X-sâ c-m-P-y-w h-n-i-m-

e-a-m-¡-m³ h-Å-p-h-tI-m-\-m-X-n -c-n -

b-p-a-m-b-n ]-S-s]-m-c-p-X-n-b I-m-e-¯-v

`-m-c-X-¸-p-g-¡-v a-p-I-f-n-e-p-Å N-{a-h-«-w

]-m-e- -n-sâ C-c-p I-c-I-f-n-se X-n-c-p-a-

\-tÈ-c-n \-m-S-v (s]-m-¶-m-\-n X-m-e-q-¡-v),

sh-«-¯-p-\-m-S-v (X-n-c-qÀ X-m-e-q-¡-v)

\-m-S-p-h-m-g-n-IÄ ]-c-k-v-]-c-w I-e-l-n-

¡-m-sX-b-m-W-v {]-P-I-f-p-sS t£-a-m-

sF-iz-c-y-§Ä-¡-v {]-m-a-p-J-y-w \Â-I-n

\-m-S-v -c-n- -X-v. ]-m-e- -n-sâ ]-S-n-ª-m-

sd I-c-tb-m-S-v-tNÀ-¶ ]-p-g-b-n-e-m-W-v

N-{a-h-«-w i-m-k-v-X-m-h-n-sâ t£-{X-w.

I-m-\-m-b-n-tX-m-a {I-n-k-v-X-y-m-\-n-

b-m-¡-n-b ]-Å-n-_-m-W s]-c-p-a-m-f-n-sâ

-m-c-y-sb _-m-[-n- -n-c-p-¶ K-ÔÀ-Æ-s\

H-g-n-¸-n-¨ {]-k-n-² a-{´-h-m-Z-n-b-m-b

H-¶-m-w k-q-c-y-`-t«-c-n -b-p-sS C-Ã-w

]-m-e-¯-n-sâ I-n-g-s¡-X-e A-h-k-m-

\-n-¡-p-¶ ]-©-m-b- -m-b I-m-e-S-n-b-m-

b-n-c-p-¶-p-sh-¶-m-W-v tI-k-c-n _-m-e-

I-r-j-v-W ]-n-Å-b-p-sS I-s|-¯Â.

A-¶-v `-m-c-X-]-p-g Iu-W-mÀ F-¶-p-w

tIÄ-h-n-t¡-«-p.

A-¡-m -e -¯- v tI-c -f -¯-nÂ

`-c-W-I-m-c-y-§Ä-¡-m-b-n \-m-«-p-I-q-«-

§-f-p-w \-m-S-p-h-m-g-n-I-f-p-w c-m-P-m-h-p-w

k-w-K-a-n-¡-p-¶ -k-m-a-p-Z-m-b-n-I-h-p-w

k-m-w-k-v-I-m-c-n-I-h-p-w c-m-j-v-{S-o-b-h-p-

a-m-b \-Z-o-X-S a-tl-m-Õ-h-a-m-W-v

a-m-a-m-¦-w (a-m-L-a-I-w). ]-{´-|-v hÀ-

j- -n-se-m-c-n-¡Â a-I-c-a-m-k- -n-se

I-d-p- -h-m-h-n-\-p-w I-p-w- -a-m-k- -n-se

I-d-p-¯-h-m-h-n-\-p-w C-S-b-n-se a-I-w

\-m-f-n-se {]-m-N-o-\ Cu \-Z-o-X-o-c

D-Õ-h-w k-w-K-a-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v X-n-c-p-

¶-m-h-m-b a-W-¸-p-d-¯-m-W-v. B-Z-y

I-m-e- -v Cu D-Õ-h-w \-S- -m-\-p-Å

A-h-I-m-i-w I-p-e-ti-J-c-·-m-c-p-sS

A-\-´-c-h-c-m-b sI-m-¨-n c-m-P-h-w-i-

¯-n-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. X-p-SÀ-¶-v Cu k-a-p-

¶-X _-l-p-a-X-n h-Å-p-h-t¡-m-\-m-X-n-

c-n-¡-v e-`-n-¨-p.

k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n tI-c-f- -n-se a-p-J-y

i-à-n-b-m-b-tX-m-sS X-sâ c-m-j-v-{S-o-b

h-fÀ-¨-¡-v A-\-n-h-m-c-y-a-m-b a-m-a-m-¦-

¯-n-sâ A-²-y-£-Ø-m-\-w h-Å-p-h-

t¡-m-\-m-X-n-c-nbnÂ-\-n-¶-v A-[-o-\-s¸-

S-p-¯-m³ A-t±-l-w ]-S-sb-m-c-p-¡-w

X-p-S-§-n. k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n-b-p-w F-d-mÄ-¸-m-

S-p-w (b-p-h-c-m-P-m-h-v) tI-m-g-n-t¡-m-s«

\-m-bÀ ssk-\-y-s¯ t\-c-n-«-v \-b-n-¨-v

I-c-h-g-n X-r-{]-t§-m-sS-¯-n X-m-h-f-

a-S-n-¨-p. A-¡-m-e-¯-v k-hÀ-W-c-m-b

l-n-µ-p-¡Ä-¡-v I-SÂ-b-m-{X \-n-j-n²-

a-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n-b-p-sS X-p-d-

a-p-J I-m-c-y-Ø-\-m-b i-m-_-µÀ-tI-m-

b-b-p-sS t\-X-r-Xz-¯-nÂ a-p-k-v-e-n-w

Sn.-hn. A-_v-Zp-d-ln-am³-Ip-«n

a



ssk-\-y-w I-SÂ-h-g-n s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-n-

se-¯-n. \-m-e-p- ]-m-b-¡-¸-e-p-I-f-nÂ

kÀ-Æ-h-n-[ k-Ö-o-I-c-W-§-tf-m-sS

H-c-p-§-n-b-n-c-p-¶ s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-n-se

a-p-k-v -e-n-w ssk-\-y-h-p-a-m-b-n tNÀ-

¶-v `-m-c-X-¸-p-g-b-n-e-q-sS k-©-c-n-¨-v

X-n-c-p-¶-m-h-m-bbnÂ X-m-h-f-a-S-n-¨-p.

C-c-p-h-n-`-m-K-h-p-w k-w-b-p-à-a-m-b t]-m-

c-m-«-¯-nÂ h-Å-p-h-tI-m-\-m-X-n-c-n-sb

X-d-]-ä-n-¨-p. k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n a-m-a-m-¦-¯-n-

sâ A-²-y-£-Ø-m-\-w G-sä-S-p-¯-p.

Cu t]-m-c-m-«-w h-n-P-b-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-

\-v X-{´-§Ä B-h-n-j-v-¡-c-n-¡-p-¶-

X-nÂ i-m-_-µÀ-tI-m-b \-nÀ-®-m-b-I

]-¦-v h-l-n-¨-p. C-X-n-\-p-Å {]-X-y-p-]-

I-m-c-a-m-b-m-W-v a-m-a-m-¦-¯-n-se {]-

[-m-\ N-S-§-m-b \-n-e-]-m-S-v X-d-b-nÂ

k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n \-nÂ-¡-p-¶ k-a-b-¯-v

X-sâ h-e-X-p-h-i-¯-v \-nÂ-¡-m³

tI-m-b-sb \-n-tb-m-K-n-¨-X-v. ]-{´-|-v

]-X-n-a-q-¶-v \-q-ä-m-|-p-I-f-n-e-m-W-v Cu

t]-m-c-m-«-§Ä \-S-¶-X-v. ]-X-n -a-q -

¶-m-w i-X-I-¯-n-sâ A-h-k-m-\-¯-n-

e-p-w t]-m-c-m-«-w X-p-SÀ-¶-n-c-p-¶-X-m-b-n

A-¡-m-e-s¯ c-N-\-b-m-b D-®-n-¨-n-

c-p-tZ-h-n N-c-n-X-¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-p-w {K-l-n-

¡-m-w.

a-m-§-m-«-Ñ³, X-o-t\-t©-c-n F-f-

b-X-v, [À-t½-m-¯-v ]-W-n-¡À, i-m-_-

µÀ-t¡-m-b, ]-m-d-\-¼-n F-¶-o A-©-v

a-p-J-y-·-m-tc-m-sS-m-¶-n-¨-m-W-v k-m-a-q-X-n-

c-n a-m-a-m-¦-¯-n-\-v F-g-p-s¶-Å-p-¶-X-v.

N-S-§-p-I-f-nÂ a-p-k-v-e-n-w sN-|-¡-m-

c-p-w h-m-Z-y-ta-f-¡-m-c-p-w A-I-¼-S-n

tk-h-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-p. D-Õ-h-§-tf-m-S-\-p-

_-Ô-n-¨ sh-S-n-s¡-«-v a-p-k-v-e-n-w-I-f-p-

sS I-q-S-n \-n-b-{ -W- -n-e-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

a-m-\-h-h-n-{I-a³ k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n-¸-m-S-n-sâ

(1466-þ1471) k-Z-k-y-\-m-b-n-c-p-¶ D-±-W

i-m-k-v-{X-n-I-f-p-sS tI-m-e-n-I k-tµ-i-

¯-n-e-p-w ]-X-n-t\-g-m-w i-X-I-¯-n-sâ

B-c-w-`-¯-nÂ h-m-k-p-tZ-h³ c-N-n-¨

{`-a-c-k-tµ-i-¯-n-e-p-w X-n-c-p-¶-m-h-m-b-

b-p-w a-m-a-m-¦-h-p-w hÀ-®-\-o-b-a-m-W-v.

k-m-a-q -X-n -c-n -tb-m-S-p -Å A-S-

§-m-¯ ]-I X-oÀ-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v a-m-a-m-

¦-w \-S-¡-p-¶ \-m-f-nÂ c-m-P-m-h-n-s\

h-[-n -¡-m³ h-Å-p-h-tI-m-\-m-X-n -c-n

N-m-th-d-p-I-sf A-b-¡Â ]-X-n-h-m-

b-n-c-p-¶-p. Cu k-µÀ-`-¯-nÂ k-m-

a-q-X-n-c-n-sb h-[-n-¡-p-I F-¶-X-v N-m-

th-d-p-I-f-p-sS P-o-h-n-X-m-`-n-e-m-j-a-m-b-n

I-c-p -X-n. H-c-h-k-c-¯-n-e-p-w-X-s¶

k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n-sb h-[-n-¡-m-t\-m t]-m-

d-teÂ-¸-n-¡-m-t\-m k-m-[-n-¨-n-«-n -Ã.

A-[-n-I-h-p-w N-m-th-d-p-IÄ h-[-n-¡-

s¸-S-e-m-W-v ]-X-n-h-v. 1731-þ-se a-m-a-m-

¦-¯-nÂ G-X-m-|-v A-¼-¯-n-b-©-v

N-m-th-d-p-I-f-m-W-v sI-m-Ã-s -«-X-v. sh-

«-n-a-c-n-¡-p-¶ N-m-th-d-p-I-sf B-\-sb-

s¡-m-|-v N-h-n-«-n-¯-m-g-v-¯-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v

a-W-n-¡-n-W-d-n-te-¡-m-W-v.

]-g-b H-m-«-p-I-¼-\-n h-f-¸-nÂ

Ø-n-X-n-sN-¿-p-¶ \-n-e-]-m-S-v-X-d-b-nÂ

k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n kz-b-w \-nÂ-¡-p-I-b-p-w

X-sâ A-[-n-I-m-c N-n-Ó-a-m-b h-mÄ

D-bÀ-¯-n kz-b-w c-£-m-]-p-c-p-j-\-m-

b-n {]-J-y-m-]-n-¡-p-I-b-p-w sN-¿-p-¶

A-h-k-c-¯-n-e-m-W-v N-m-th-d-p-I-f-p-sS

B-{I-a-W-w A-[-n-I-h-p-w \-S-¡-m-d-v.

Cu k-{¼-Z-m-b-w G-X-m-|-v a-q-¶-q-d-v

hÀ-j-t¯-m-f-w X-p-SÀ-¶-p. ]-X-n-t\-

g-m-w \-q-ä-m-|-nÂ c-N-n-¨ c-m-a-¨-]-

W-n-¡À-¸-m-«-v, I-|À-ta-t\-m³-¸-m-«-v

(1683), a-e-_-mÀ a-m-\-p-hÂ X-p-S-§-n-b

I-r-X-n-I-f-nÂ ]-S-sh-«-n a-c-n-¨ N-m-th-

d-p-I-f-p-sS h-n-h-c-§Ä {]-X-n-]-m-Z-n-

¡-p-¶-p-|-v.

a-m-a-m-¦ a-tl-m-Õ-h-§-f-p-sS

]-c-n-]-m-e-\-h-p-w X-r-¡-m-h-v t£-{X-h-p-w

X-½-nÂ k-p-Z-r-V-a-m-b _-Ô-a-p-|-v.

D-Õ-h-w B-c-w-`-n-t¡-| i-p-`-a-p-l-qÀ-

¯-w \-n-Ý-b-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v tP-y-m-X-n-j

]-Þ-n-X-c-m-b B-e-qÀ I-W-n-I-c-m-W-v.

sh-Å-\-m-«-p-I-c, B-e-n-¸-d-¼-v tN-c-n-



¡-Ã-p-I-f-p-sS I-m-c-y \-nÀ-Æ--m-l-I-c-m-b

X-d-b-v-¡Â C-c-a-ta-t\-m-\-v s]-m-¶-m-

\-n X-r-¡-m-h-v tI-m-h-n-e-I-¯-p-\-n-

¶-v k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n H-c-p X-n-c-p-sh-g-p-¯-v

A-b-¡-p-¶-tX-m-sS a-m-a-m-¦ N-S-§-p-

IÄ-¡-v sI-m-S-n D-b-c-p-w. \-S-¯-n-¸-n-

\-m-h-i-y-a-m-b ]-m-{X k-m-a-m-\-§Ä

\Â-I-n-b-n-c-p-¶-X-v X-r-¡-m-h-v t£-{X-

¯-nÂ-\-n-¶-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p. a-m-a-m-¦-¯-n-

t\-m-S-\-p-_-Ô-n-¨ C-c-p-]-¯-n-sb-«-v

Z-n-h-k-§-f-n-e-p-w H-m-«-p-I-¼-\-n Ø-n-

X-n-sN-¿-p-¶ Ø-e-¯-p-|-m-b-n-c-p-¶

h-m-I-b-qÀ tI-m-h-n-e-I-¯-m-W-v k-m-a-q-

X-n-c-n h-k-n-¨-n-c-p-¶-X-v.

a-l-m-b-m-K-w, a--m-L-a-I-w te-m-]-n-

¨-m-W-s{X a-m-a-m-¦-a-m-b-X-v. B-Z-y a-m-

a-m-¦-w \-S-¶-X-v {I-n.h. 829-e-m-W-s{X.

D-Õ-h-¯-nÂ I-e-m-þ-I-m-b-n-I ta-f-I-

f-p-w k-m-l-n-X-y-þ-k-w-K-o-X ta-f-I-f-p-w

k-w-L-S-n -¸-n -¨- v kz-´-w I-g-n -h-nÂ

a-n-I-h-v {]-I-S-n-¸-n-¨-hÀ-¡-v k-½-m-\-w

\Â-I-n-b-n-c-p-¶-p. 1695se a-m-a-m-¦- -n-

\-v k-m-a-q-X-n-c-n-b-p-w ]-c-n-h-m-c-h-p-w k-w-K-

a-n-¨-X-v s]-m-¶-m-\-n-b-n-e-m-W-v. 1766 Â

ssl-Z-c-e-n-b-p-sS B-[-n-]-X-y-t -m-sS

D-Õ-h-¯-n-sâ {]-` a-§-n. 1767-þ-e-m-

W-v A-h-k-m-\ a-m-a-m-¦-w \-S-¶-X-v.

P-\-§-f-p -w `-c-W-m-[-n -Imcn-Ifpw

k-l-I-c-n-¨-p ]-´-n-c-m-|-p-I-m-e-w I-q-

S-p-t¼-mÄ-t -c-p-¶ a-m-a-m-¦-w-t]-m-e-p-Å

H-c-p a-l-m-k-w-K-a-w `-c-W-¯-nÂ

a-sä-m-c-n-S-¯-p-w \-S-¶-n-Ã. C-X-n-sâ

ti-j-n-¸-p-I-f-m-b \-n-e-]-m-S-v X-d-b-p-w

a-W-n-¡-n-W-d-p-w ]-qÀ-Æ-I-m-e k-v-a-c-W-

IÄ A-b-h-n-d-¡-p-¶-p.

{X-n-a-qÀ-¯-n-k-w-K-a-wX-n-c-p-¶-m-h-m-b ]-p-g-b-p-sS C-c-p-I-

c-I-f-n-e-m-b-n k-r-j-v-S-n Ø-n-X-n k-w-l-m-

c-a-qÀ-¯-n-I-f-m-b {_-Ò-m-h-v, i-n-h³

, h-n-j-v-W-p F-¶-o {]-X-n-j-vT-I-sf

I-p-S-n-b-n-c-n- -n-b-n-c-n-¡-p-¶ {X-n-a-qÀ- -n

t£-{X-§Ä Ø-n-X-n-sN-¿-p-¶-p. Cu

t£-{X-§-f-nÂ ssh-j-v-W-h-c-p-sS 108

X-n-c-p-¸-X-n-I-f-nÂ H-¶-v F-¶-v h-n-ti-

j-W-a-p-Å \-h-m-a-p-I-p-µ-t£-{X-¯-n-

\-m-W-v I-q-S-p-XÂ t]-c-p-w s]-c-p-a-b-p-w.

\-h-m-tb-m-K-n-I-f-mÂ {]-X-n-j-vT \-nÀ-

Æ-l-n-¨-X-n-\-m-e-m-W-v \-h-m-a-p-I-p-µ³

F-¶-v t]-c-v k-n-²-n-¨-X-v.

t£-{X-s¯- I-p-d-n-¨-p-Å sF-

X-o-l-y-§-f-nÂ N-n-e-X-v : {]-X-n-j-vT-n-¨

F-«-p h-n-{K-l-§-f-p-w ]-e-t¸-m-g-m-

b-n a-®-n-te-¡-v X-m-g-v -¶-v t]-m-sb-

¶-p-w H-¼-X-m-a-s¯ h-n-{K-l-¯-n-\-v

]-©-k-m-c-¸-m-b-k-h-p-w X-m-a-c-a-m-

e-b-p-w ]-X-n-h-m-b-n \Â-I-m-sa-¶-v

\-h-tb-m-K-n-IÄ h-m-K-v-Z-m-\-w \Â-I-n-

b-X-n-\-m-e-m-W-v X-m-g-v-¶-v t]-m-I-m- -X-v

F-¶-X-m-W-v H-ssc-X-o-l-y-w.

\-h-tb-m-K-n-IÄ H-ä-s¡-m-ä-b-m-b-n

\-S-¯-n-b {]-X-n-j-vT-IÄ a-W-e-nÂ

X-m-g-v-¶-v t]-m-sb-¶-p-w X-p-SÀ-¶-v H-¼-

X-p-t]-c-p-w H-c-p-a-n-¨-v {]-X-n-j-vT-\-S-¯-n-

b-t¸-mÄ D-d-¨-p-I-n-«-n-sb-¶-p-a-m-W-v

a-sä-m-ssc-X-o-l-y-w.

t£-{X-¯-n-\-v X-m-sg a-WÂ-]-

c-¸-n-e-m-W-v a-m-a-m-¦-w \-S-¶-n-c-p-¶-X-v.

a-m-a-m-¦-\-m-f-p-I-f-nÂ \-h--m-a-p-I-p-µ-s\

t£-{X-¯-n-sâ sX-¡-v I-n-g-t¡ a-q-

e-b-n-e-p-Å ]-g-p-¡-m-a-Þ-]-¯-nÂ

]-S-n-ª-m-td-m-t«-¡-v F-g-p-¶-Å-n-¨-v

C-c-p-¯-p-¶ ]-X-n-h-p-|-m-b-n-c-p-¶-p.

]-p-g-b-p-sS I-n-g-t¡-¡-c-b-nÂ taÂ-

¸-¯-qÀ `-«-X-n-c-n-b-p-w ]-S-n-ª-m-td-¡-

c-b-nÂ h-n-ez-a-w-K-e-w kz-m-a-n-b-m-c-p-w

P-\-n-¨-p-h-fÀ-¶-X-v

X-p-e-m-w a-m-k-¯-n-se ]uÀ-®-

a-n-¡-p-w IÀ-¡-n-S-I-¯-n-se ]uÀ-®-

a-n-¡-p-w I-m-i-n-b-n-se K-w-K Cu ]-p-g-

b-p-a-m-b-n k-w-K-a-n-¡-p-sa-¶-v `-àÀ

h-n -iz-k-n -¡-p -¶-p. ]-n -X-r -XÀ-¸-W

IÀ-½-§Ä-¡-p-w, k-v-\-m-\-¯-n-\-p-w

{]-k-n-²-a-m-b C-h-n-sS \-m-¡-n-e-b-nÂ

F-Å-p-w ]-q-h-p-w N-µ-\-h-p-w h-e-X-v

ssI-b-n-se ta-m-X-n-c-h-n-c-e-nÂ ZÀ-`-

sI-m-|-p-Å ta-m-X-n-c-h-p-w A-W-n-ª-v

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Edited and Published by C.A. Latha IAS, Director of Panchayats, Govt. of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 033and Printed for GLM at Orange Printers Pvt. Ltd., Thiruvananthapuram

]-{´-|-m-w ]-©-h-Õ-c ]-²-X-n þ-B-k-q-{X-W a-mÀ-K-tc-J-b-p-w k-_-v-k-n-U-n a-mÀ-K-tc-J-b-p-w ]-c-n-j-v-I-c-n-¨ D-¯-c-h-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v- ]-{´-|-m-w ]-©-h-Õ-c ]-²-X-n-b-p-sS (2012/17) B-k-q-{X-W a-mÀ-K-tc-J-b-p-w k-_-v-k-n-U-n- a-mÀ-K-tc-J-b-p-w I-q-S-p-

XÂ DÄ-s¸-S-p-¯-e-p-IÄ A-w-K-o-I-c-n-¨-v ]-c-n-j-v-¡-c-n-¨-v D-¯-c-h-v ]-p-d-s¸-S-p-h-n-¨-p. (-kÀ-¡-mÀ D-¯-c-h-v (k-m-[-m)\-w:

2037/16/X-kz-`-h X-o-¿-X-n 30/6/2016)

X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W D-]-sX-c-sª-S-p-¸-v P-q-e-m-b-v 28\-v-k-w-Ø-m-\-s¯ X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-¯-n-se 15 a-W-v-U-e-§-f-n-te-¡-p-Å D-]-sX-c-sª-S-p-¸-v P-q-sse28\-v

\-S- -p-¶-X-v k-w-_-Ô-n- -v \-S-]-S-n-{I-a-§Ä k-w-Ø-m-\ sX-c-sª-S-p- -v I-½-o-j³ {]-k-o-²-n-I-c-n- -p. sX-c-sª-S-p- -v

\-S-¡-p-¶ {K-m-a-]-©-m-b-¯-p-I-f-nÂ a-p-g-p-h-\-m-b-p-w ,a-p³-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n ,tI-mÀ-¸-td-j³ F-¶-n-h-n-S-§-f-nÂ _-Ô-s¸-«

\-n-tb-m-P-I-a-W-v-U-e-§-f-n-e-p-w a-m-X-r-I-m s]-c-p-a-m-ä- -«-w \-n-e-h-nÂ h-¶-p. P-q-sse \-m-e-n-\-v sX-c-sª-S-p- -v I-½-o-j³

C-X-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-v h-n-Ú-m-]-\-w ]-p-d-s¸-S-p-h-n-¨-p.- th-m-s«-®-vÂ P-q-e-m-b-v 29\-v \-S-¡-p-w.

I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ \-S-¯-p-¶ s]³-j³ h-n-h-c-ti-J-c-W-w P-q-e-m-b-v a-m-k-w 12 a-p-XÂ 16 h-sc-k-w-Ø-m-\ kÀ-¡-mÀ h-n-X-c-W-w sN-b-v-X-p h-c-p-¶ k-m-a-q-l-y t£-a s]³-j-\-p-IÄ K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡-f-p-sS h-o-

«-nÂ F-¯-n-¨-v-sI-m-S-p-¡-p-¶ kÀ-¡-mÀ \-b-w \-S-¸-n-e-m-¡-p-¶-X-n-sâ `-m-K-a-m-b-n I-p-S-p-w-_-{i-o {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ 2016

P-q-e-m-b-v a-m-k-w 12 a-p-XÂ 16 h-sc h-n-h-c-ti-J-c-W-w \-S-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-m-b-n K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡-f-p-sS `-h-\ k-µÀ-i-\-w

\-S-¯-p-¶-p. X-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W Ø-m-]-\-¯-n-se P-\-{]-X-n-\-n-[-n-I-f-p-w K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡-f-p-w I-r-X-y-a-m-b h-n-h-c-w

\Â-I-p-¶-X-n-\-v {i-²-n-¡-W-w.

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e-p-Å 180 c-q-]-b-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w 250 c-p-]-b-m-b-n hÀ-²-n- -n- -p. (-k-.D (-k-m-[-m)\-w: 2039/2016/X-kz- -h X-o-¿-X-n 30/6/2016).

C-µ-n-c-m B-h-m-k-v tb-m-P-\ þ-X-d-h-n-k-v-X-oÀ-®-w 25%h-sc A-[-n-I-c-n-¡-p-¶-X-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¨ D-¯-c-h-v-C-µ-n-c-m B-h-m-k-v tb-m-P-\ {]-I-m-c-w \-nÀ-½-n-¡-p-¶ `-h-\-§Ä-¡-v \-n-j-v-IÀ-j-n-¨-n-«-p-f-f X-d-h-n-k-v-X-oÀ-®-w 66 N-X-p-

c-{i-a-o-ä-d-nÂ \-n-¶-p-w 25% h-sc A-[-o-I-c-n-¡-m-sa-¶ h-y-h-Ø 31/3/2016h-sc F-{K-n-sa³dv h-¨ C-µ-n-c-m B-h-m-k-v

tb-m-P-\ K-p-W-t`-m-à-m-¡Ä-¡-p-w I-q-S-n _-m-[-I-a-m-¡-n D-¯-c-h-v ]-p-d-s¸-S-p-h-n-¨-p.(-k.-D(F-w.F-k-v)2008/2016/X-kz-

`-h X-o-¿-X-n 28/6/2016.

\-n-b-a-k-`-m -tN-m-Z-y-§Ä-¡-p-Å a-d-p-]-S-n b-Y-m-k-a-b-w e-`-y-a-m-¡-p-¶-X-v k-w-_-Ô-n-¨ kÀ-¡-p-eÀX-t±-i-kz-b-w-`-c-W-h-I-p-¸-nÂ \-n-b-a-k-`-m tN-m-Z-y-§Ä-¡-v b-Y-m-k-a-b-w a-d-p-]-S-n k-aÀ-¸-n-¡-p-¶-X-n-\-v t\-m-UÂ

H-m-^-o-kÀ-a-mÀ-¡-v {]-tX-y-I \-nÀ-t±-i-§-S-§-n-b kÀ-¡-p-eÀ C-d-§-n.(-kÀ-¡-p-eÀ \-w ]-n F-k-v1/261/2016/X-kz-`-

h(-2)-X-o-¿-X-n 2/7/2016).

P-n-Ã-m B-k-p-{X-W I-½-n-ä-n-A-w-K-§-f-m-b-n sX-c-sª-Sp¡-s¸-tS| - -h-cpsS k-w-J-y k-w-_-Ô-n-¨ kÀ-¡-mÀ D-¯-c-h-vP-n-Ã-m B-k-p-{X-W I-½-n-ä-n A-w-K-§-f-m-b-n sX-c-sª-S-p-¡-s¸-tS-| P-n-Ã-m ]-©-m-b-¯-v A-w-K-§-f-p-sS-b-p-w,

a-p³-k-n-¸-m-e-n-ä-n Iu¬-k-n-eÀ-a-m-c-p-sS-b-p-w A-w-K-k-w-J-y k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-p-w k-w-h-c-W-w k-w-_-Ô-n-¨-p-a-pÅ kÀ-¡-mÀ

D-¯-c-h-v ]-p-d-s¸-S-p-h-n-¨-p. (-k-.D(-k-m-[-m)\-w 1962/16X-kz-`-h X-o-¿-X-n 21/6/2016)

k-n-\-n-a-m X-o-b-ä-d-nÂ C-þ-S-n-¡-ä-n-w-K-v k-{¼-Z-m-b-w GÀ-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å X-o-¿-X-n Z-oÀ-L-n-¸-n-¨-v sI-m-|-p-Å D-¯-c-h-vk-n-\-n-a-m X-o-b-ä-d-p-I-f-nÂ C-þ-S-n-¡-ä-n-w-K-v k-{¼-Z-m-b-w GÀ-s¸-S-p-¯-p-¶-X-n-\-p-Å X-o-¿-X-n 31/8/2016 h-sc Z-oÀ-L-n-¸-n-¨-v

D-¯-c-h-n-d-§-n (-kÀ-¡-mÀ D-¯-c-h-v \-w þ2043/16 X-kz-`-h -X-o-¿-X-n 30/6/2016)

X-p-I c-q-]-b-nÂ

IhÀ (A-h-k-m-\-]-pd-w) IfÀ 12000/-

IhÀ (DÄhi-w) IfÀ 10000/-

I-hÀ (DÄ-hi-w) »-m-¡-v & ssh-ä-v 8000/-

a-ä-p t]-P-pIÄ (IfÀ) 8000/-

a-ä-p t]-P-pIÄ (»-m-¡-v & ssh-ä-v) 6000/-

A-c t]P-v (IfÀ) 5000/-

A-c t]-P-v (»-m-¡-v & sshä-v) 3000/-

]ck-y \-nc¡-v

Edited and Published by C.A. Latha IAS, Director of Panchayats, Govt. of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram - 695 033and Printed for GLM at Orange Printers Pvt. Ltd., Thiruvananthapuram

Printed & Published by C.A. Latha IAS, Director, Dept. of Panchayats on behalf of Govt. of Kerala andPrinted at Orange Printers Pvt. Ltd (for GLM), Pulimood, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala - 695 001 and Published at Directorate of Panchayats,

Museum P.O., Thiruvananthapuram - 695 033, Kerala. Editor: C.A. Latha IAS

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