Phylum Porifera (Spon)
Transcript of Phylum Porifera (Spon)
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Ciri-ciri Porifera :Ciri-ciri Porifera :
- Tubuh berpori-pori- Tubuh berpori-pori- Hidup melekat pada substrat (sessil) - Hidup melekat pada substrat (sessil) - Kebanyakan hidup di laut, hanya 2 % jenis yang hidup di air tawar,- Kebanyakan hidup di laut, hanya 2 % jenis yang hidup di air tawar, jumlah jenis diperkirakan berkisar 5.000 – 10.000. jumlah jenis diperkirakan berkisar 5.000 – 10.000. - Tubuh terdiri atas dua lapisan, yaitu lapisan luar disebut epidermis- Tubuh terdiri atas dua lapisan, yaitu lapisan luar disebut epidermis (pinacocyte) dan lapisan dalam disebut endodermis.(pinacocyte) dan lapisan dalam disebut endodermis.- berkembang biak dengan cara : aseksual, yaitu dengan pembentukan- berkembang biak dengan cara : aseksual, yaitu dengan pembentukan tunas dan tunas dan gemmulegemmule (butir benih). Cara seksual, yaitu dengan (butir benih). Cara seksual, yaitu dengan pembentukan sel telur dan sperma. Hasil fertilisasi antara sel telur pembentukan sel telur dan sperma. Hasil fertilisasi antara sel telur dan sperma membentuk zigot, yang kemudian berkembang menjadi dan sperma membentuk zigot, yang kemudian berkembang menjadi larva yang berenang bebas.larva yang berenang bebas.- Struktur tubuh dapat dibedakan dalam tiga tipe, yaitu : asconoid,- Struktur tubuh dapat dibedakan dalam tiga tipe, yaitu : asconoid, syconoid dan leuconoid.syconoid dan leuconoid.
Phylum Porifera (Sepon)Phylum Porifera (Sepon)(L. Pori = lubang; fera = mengandung/membawa(L. Pori = lubang; fera = mengandung/membawa))
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Gb. Ilustrasi dinding tubuh Porifera (A); Choanocyte (B) (Cambell Gb. Ilustrasi dinding tubuh Porifera (A); Choanocyte (B) (Cambell et alet al., 2003)., 2003)
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AsconoidAsconoid
Mempunyai bentuk seperti jambangan, ukuran kecil , biasanya Mempunyai bentuk seperti jambangan, ukuran kecil , biasanya tidak soliter tetapi berkelompok. Ascon merupakan saluran air dengan tidak soliter tetapi berkelompok. Ascon merupakan saluran air dengan lubang lubang ostiumostium yang dihubungkan langsung oleh yang dihubungkan langsung oleh porocyteporocyte (sel (sel berbentuk tabung kecil) ke berbentuk tabung kecil) ke spongocoelspongocoel (saluran tengah), kemudian air (saluran tengah), kemudian air dikeluarkan melalui dikeluarkan melalui osculumosculum. Aliran air : ostium – porocyte – . Aliran air : ostium – porocyte – spongocoel – osculum.spongocoel – osculum.
SyconoidSyconoid
Dinding tubuh memperlihatkan lipatan-lipatan, sehingga Dinding tubuh memperlihatkan lipatan-lipatan, sehingga penampangnya seperti jari. Sycon merupakan saluran air yang penampangnya seperti jari. Sycon merupakan saluran air yang bercabang-cabang ke rongga-rongga yang berhubungan langsung bercabang-cabang ke rongga-rongga yang berhubungan langsung dengan spongocoel. Aliran air : incurrent canal – prosopyle (pada dengan spongocoel. Aliran air : incurrent canal – prosopyle (pada ascon disebut ostium) – flagellated canal – spongocoel - osculum.ascon disebut ostium) – flagellated canal – spongocoel - osculum.
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LeuconoidLeuconoidLeucon merupakan tipe saluran air yang kompleks. Leucon merupakan tipe saluran air yang kompleks.
Flagellated canalFlagellated canal mengadakan lipatan-lipatan, sehingga terbentuk mengadakan lipatan-lipatan, sehingga terbentuk flagellated chamberflagellated chamber yang bulat dan kecil-kecil. Spongocoel hilang, yang bulat dan kecil-kecil. Spongocoel hilang, yang ada adalah saluran-saluran air yang menuju osculum. Aliran air : yang ada adalah saluran-saluran air yang menuju osculum. Aliran air : dermal pore – subdermal space – incurrent canal – prosopyle – dermal pore – subdermal space – incurrent canal – prosopyle – flagellated chamber – apopyle – excurrent channel – osculum.flagellated chamber – apopyle – excurrent channel – osculum.
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Klasifikasi Klasifikasi Phylum Porifera dibagi menjadi tiga classis, yaituPhylum Porifera dibagi menjadi tiga classis, yaitu : :
Classis 1. Classis 1. Calcarea/CalcispongiaeCalcarea/CalcispongiaeHidup di laut yang dangkal, mempunyai spikula Hidup di laut yang dangkal, mempunyai spikula yang terbuat dari kalsium karbonat. Tinggi kurang yang terbuat dari kalsium karbonat. Tinggi kurang dari 10 cm, warna umumnya gelap. Struktur dari 10 cm, warna umumnya gelap. Struktur asconoid, syconoid dan leuconoid.asconoid, syconoid dan leuconoid.
Ordo Homocoela, susunan canal asconoid : Ordo Homocoela, susunan canal asconoid : Contoh : Contoh : LeucosoleniaLeucosolenia sp. sp.Ordo Heterocoela, susunan canal syconoid atau Ordo Heterocoela, susunan canal syconoid atau leuconoid, Contoh : leuconoid, Contoh : SyconSycon sp. sp.
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Classis 2. Classis 2. Hexactinellida/HyalospongiaeHexactinellida/Hyalospongiae
Hidup di laut pada kedalaman 500 – 1000 m.Hidup di laut pada kedalaman 500 – 1000 m. Memiliki spikula terbuat dari silikat yang dikenal sebagai Memiliki spikula terbuat dari silikat yang dikenal sebagai kwarsa atau pasir.kwarsa atau pasir. Tinggi 10 – 30 cm, umumnya tidak Tinggi 10 – 30 cm, umumnya tidak membentuk koloni. Bentuk seperti cangkir, jambangan atau membentuk koloni. Bentuk seperti cangkir, jambangan atau teko.teko. Warna pucat. Struktur syconoid.Warna pucat. Struktur syconoid.
Ordo Hexasterophora, contoh : Ordo Hexasterophora, contoh : EuplectellaEuplectella sp. sp.
Ordo Amphidiscophora, contoh : Ordo Amphidiscophora, contoh : HyalonemaHyalonema sp. sp. (glass sponge)(glass sponge)
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Classis 3. Classis 3. DesmospongiaeDesmospongiae
Memiliki spikula yang terbuat dari silikat, spongin (protein fiber) Memiliki spikula yang terbuat dari silikat, spongin (protein fiber) atau spikula silikat dan spongin. Bentuk irregular.atau spikula silikat dan spongin. Bentuk irregular.
Familia ClionidaeFamilia ClionidaeContoh : Contoh : ClionaCliona sp. (sepon penggerek hidup pada cangkang Mollusca) sp. (sepon penggerek hidup pada cangkang Mollusca)
Familia Spongillidae, hidup di air tawar, kosmopolitFamilia Spongillidae, hidup di air tawar, kosmopolitContoh : Contoh : Spongilla lacustrisSpongilla lacustris
Familia Spongiidae, rangka dari sponginFamilia Spongiidae, rangka dari sponginContoh : Contoh : SpongiaSpongia sp. (bath sponge) sp. (bath sponge)
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Gb. Berbagai bentuk SponGb. Berbagai bentuk Spon
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