Phuong phap giai nhanh hưu cơ

8/6/2019 Phuong phap giai nhanh hu c

1/44

Ti liu n thi tt nghip 10-11

CHNG 1: ESTE - CHT BO

Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt .Bi 1. ESTE .I. Khi nim : Khi thay nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th ceste

Este n chc RCOOR,

Trong R l gc hidrocacbon hay H; R

l gc hidrocacbonEste no n chc CnH2nO2 ( vi n2)Tn ca este :Tn gc R+ tn gc axit RCOO (ui at)Vd : CH3COOC2H5 : Etylaxetat

CH2=CH- COOCH3metyl acrylatII.L tnh :- nhit si , tan trong nc thp hn axit v ancol c cng s cacbon : axit > ancol >este-Mt s mi c trng : Isoamyl axetat : mi chui chn ; Etyl butiat ,etyl propionat c mi daIII TNH CHT HA HC :

a.Thy phn trong mi trng axit:to ra 2 lp cht lng , l phn ng thun nghch (2 chiu )RCOOR, + H2O

2 4

o

H SO d

t RCOOH + R,OH

b.Thy phn trong mi trng baz( Phn ng x phng ha ) : l phn ng 1 chiuRCOOR, + NaOH 0t RCOONa + R,OH* ESTE t chy to thnh CO2 v H2O . 2 2CO H On n= ta suy ra este l este no n chc , h(CnH2nO2)

IV.IU CH : axit + ancol0

2 4 ,H SO t este + H2O

RCOOH + ROH0

2 4 ,H SO t RCOOR + H2O .

Bi 2. Lipit.I. Khi nim:Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng,khng ha tan trong nc nhngtan nhiu trong dung mi hu c khng phn cc.II. Cht bo:1/ Khi nim:Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol.Cng thc:R1COO-CH2 R1,R2,R3: l gc hidrocacbon

R2COO-CH

R3

COO-CH2Vd:[CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5 : tristearoylglixerol (tristearin)2/ Tnh cht vt l:- nhit thng,cht bo trng thi lng khi trong phn t c gc hidrocacbon. trng thi rnkhi trong phn t c gc hidrocacbon no.3/ Tnh cht ha hc:a.Phn ng thy phn: [CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5+3H2O o

H

t

+

3CH3(CH2)16COOH+C3H5(OH)3c. Phn ng cng hidro ca cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn (b nhn to)

(C17H33COO)3C3H5+3H2 0175 195Ni

C (C17H35COO)3C3H5

lng rnb. Phn ng x phng ha: [CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5 + 3NaOH0t 3[CH3(CH2)16COONa]

+C3H5(OH)3tristearin Natristearat x phng

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-


2/44

Bi 3. Khi nim v x phng v cht git ra tng hpI. X phng

1. Khi nimX phng thng dng l hn hp mui natri hoc mui kali ca axit bo, c thmmt s cht ph gia mui Na ca axit panmitic hoc axit stearic (thnh phn chnh)2. Phng php sn xut- un cht bo vi dung dch kim trong cc thng kn, t oC cao x phng(R-COO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH Ct

o 3R-COONa + C3H5(OH)3

- Ngy nay, x phng cn c sx theo s sau:Ankan axit cacboxylic mui Na ca axit cacboxylicII. Cht git ra tng hp

1. Khi nimCht git ra tng hp l nhng cht khng phi l mui Na ca axit cacboxylic nhng c tnhnng git ra nh x phnghoc:Cht git ra tng hp l nhng cht khi dng cng vi nc th c tc dng lm sch cccht bn bm trn cc vt rn mkhng gy ra cc phn ng ho hc vi cc cht 2. Phng php sn xut- Sn xut t du m, theo s sau:

Du m axit oexylbenzensunfonic natri oexylbenzensunfonat- Cht git ra tng hp c u im: dng c cho nc cng, v chng t b kt ta bi ion Ca 2+

-X phng c nhc im: khi dng vi nc cnglm gim tc dng git ra v nh hng n vi siIII. Tc dng ty ra ca x phng v cht git ra tng hp Mui Na trong x phng hay trong cht git ra tng hp lm gim sc cng b mt ca cccht bn bm trn vi, da,..

Phn 2. Cu hi trc nghimCu 1: S ng phn n chc ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2 l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 2: S ng phn n chc ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.Cu 3: Cho tt c cc ng phn n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi:

Na, NaOH, NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra lA. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 4: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H6O2, l este ca axit axetic. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X lA. C2H5COOH. B. HO-C2H4-CHO. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOC2H5.

Cu 5: Hp cht X c cng thc cu to: CH3CH2COOCH3. Tn gi ca X l: A. etyl axetat. B. metyl propionat. C. metyl axetat. D. propyl axetat.Cu 6: Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (c mt H2SO4 long) thu c 2 sn phm hu c X vY. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng mt phn ng duy nht. Tn gi ca E l:

A. metyl propionat. B. propyl fomat. C. ancol etylic. D. etyl axetat..Cu 7: un nng este HCOOCH3 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l

A. CH3COONa v C2H5OH. B. HCOONa v CH3OH.C. HCOONa v C2H5OH. D. CH3COONa v CH3OH.

Cu 8: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri axetat v ancol etylic. Cng thc ca X lA. C2H3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. CH3COOC2H5.

Cu 9: Este metyl acrilat c cng thc lA. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3.D. HCOOCH3.

Cu 10: Este vinyl axetat c cng thc lA. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.

Cu 11: un nng este CH3COOCH=CH2 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c lA. CH2=CHCOONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v CH3CHO.C. CH3COONa v CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-


3/44

Cu 12: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tngi ca este l

A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat.Cu 13: Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC. X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na,

NaOH, Na2CO3. X2phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 lnlt l:

A. CH3-COOH, CH3-COO-CH3. B. (CH3)2CH-OH, H-COO-CH3.C. H-COO-CH3, CH3-COOH. D. CH3-COOH, H-COO-CH3.

Cu 14: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):

Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat. Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l:A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH.C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH.

Cu 15: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c tora ti a l

A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.Cu 16: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, ancol benzylic,

p-crezol. Trong cc cht ny, s cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH lA. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.

Cu 17: Khi thu phn cht bo trong mi trng kim th thu c mui ca axit bo vA.phenol. B. glixerol. C. ancol n chc. D. este n chc.

Cu 18: Khi x phng ha tristearin ta thu c sn phm lA. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol.C. C15H31COOH v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol..Cu 19: Cho 6 gam mt este ca axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol no n chc phn ng va ht vi

100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Tn gi ca este lA. etyl axetat. B. propyl fomiat. C. metyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat.

Cu 20: X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3bng dung dchNaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l

A. 400 ml. B. 300 ml. C. 150 ml. D. 200 ml.Cu 21: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ngthu c khi lng x phng l

A. 16,68 gam. B. 18,38 gam. C. 18,24 gam. D. 17,80 gam.Cu 22: X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra honton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23)

A. 3,28 gam. B. 8,56 gam. C. 8,2 gam. D. 10,4 gam.Cu 23: Cho dy cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trongdy tham gia phn ng trng gng l

A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.Cu 24: Cht X c cng thc phn t C2H4O2, cho cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui v nc.Cht X thuc loi

A. ancol no a chc. B. axit khng no n chc. C. este no n chc. D. axit no n chc.

Cu 25: Thu phn hon ton 11,44 gam este no, n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,3M (va) thu c 5,98 gam mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X lA. Etyl fomat B. Etyl axetat C. Etyl propionat D. Propyl axetat

Cu 26: Thu phn este X c CTPT C4H8O2 trong dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp hai cht hu c Y v Ztrong Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16. X c cng thc l

A. HCOOC3H7 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H5 D. C2H5COOCH3Cu 27: Propyl fomat c iu ch t

A. axit fomic v ancol metylic. B. axit fomic v ancol propylic.C. axit axetic v ancol propylic. D. axit propionic v ancol metylic.

Cu 28: Hp cht Y c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Z c

cng thc C3H5O2Na. Cng thc cu to ca Y lA. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. HCOOC3H7.Cu 29: Trong phn t este (X) no, n chc, mch h c thnh phn oxi chim 36,36 % khi lng. S ng

phn cu to ca X l A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3-


4/44

CHNG 2: GLUCOZ - SACCAROZ - TINH BT XENLULOZPhn 1. Tm tt l thuyt .

Cacbohidrat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v thng c CTC : Cn(H2O)mCacbohidrat chia lm 3 nhm ch yu :+Monosaccarit l nhm khng b thy phn . vd: glucoz , fuctoz+isaccarit l nhm m khi thy phn mi phn t sinh ra 2 phn t monosaccarit .vd : saccaroz ,mantoz+Polisaccarit l nhm m khi thy phn n cng mi phn t sinh ra nhiu phn t monosaccarit .

vd : tinh bt , xenluloz .BI 5. GLUCOZI.L tnh .Trong mu ngi c nng glucoz khng i khong 0,1% .II.Cu to .Glucoz c CTPT : C6H12O6Glucoz c CTCT : CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CH=O hoc CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO .Glucoz l hp cht tp chcTrong thc t Glucoz tn ti ch yu dng mch vng: dng -glucoz v - glucozIII. Ha tnh . Glucoz c tnh cht andehit v ancol a chc ( poliancol ) .1/ Tnh cht ca ancol a chc:

a/ Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2: nhit thng to phc ng glucoz (dd mu xanh lam- nhn

bit glucoz)b/ Phn ng to este: to este cha 5 gc axit axetic2/ Tnh cht ca andehit:

a/ Oxi ha glucoz:+ bng dd AgNO3 trong NH3: amoni gluconat v Ag (nhn bit glucoz)+ bng Cu(OH)2 mi trng kim: natri gluconat v Cu2O gch (nhn bit glucoz)

b/ Kh glucoz bng H2 sobitol3/ Phn ng ln men: ancol etylic + CO2IV. 1/ iu ch: trong cng nghip

+ Thy phn tinh bt+ Thy phn xenluloz, xt HCl2/ ng dng: lm thuc tng lc, trng gng, rut phch, V/ Fructoz:ng phn ca glucoz+ CTCT mch h:CH2OH-CHOH-CHOH-CHOH-CO-CH2OH+ Tnh cht ancol a chc ( phn ng Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dd xanh lam)

FructozOH glucoz

+ Trong mi trng baz fructoz chuyn thnh glucoz fructoz b oxi ha bi AgNO3/NH3 vCu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim.BI 6.SACCAROZ ,TINH BT ,XENLULOZI. SACCAROZ (ng knh)CTPT: C12H22O11-Saccaroz la mot isaccarit c cau tao t mot goc glucoz va motgoc fructoz lien ket vi nhau qua nguyen t oxi.-Khong co nhom chc CHO nen khong co phan ng trang bac vakhong lam mat mau nc brom.3. Tnh chat hoa hoc.

Co tnh chat cua ancol a chc va co phan ng thuy phan.a) Phan ng vi Cu(OH)22C12H22O11+Cu(OH)2(C12H21O11)2Cu+2H2O

mau xanh lam

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4-


5/44

b) Phan ng thuy phan.C12H22O11+H2O+ 0H , t C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

b) ng dung: dung e trang gng, trang phch.II.TINH BOT1. Tnh chat vat l:La chat ran, dang bot vo nh hnh, mautrang, khong tan trong nc lanh2. Cau truc phan t:Tinh bt thuc loi polisaccarit, Phan t tinh bot gom nhiu mat xch -

glucoz lien ket vi nhau v c CTPT : (C6H10O5)n .

Cc mt xch -glucoz lien ket vi nhau to hai dang:-Danh lo xo khong phan nhanh (amiloz).-Dang lo xo phan nhanh (amilopectin).Tinh bt ( trong cc ht ng cc , cc loi c )Mch tinh bt khng ko di m xon li thnh ht c l rng3. Tnh chat hoa hoc.a) Phan ng thuy phan: tinh bot b thuy phan thanh glucoz.

(C6H10O5)n + nH2O ,oH t+ n C6H12O6dng nhn bit iot hoc tinh bt.

b) Phan ng mu vi iot:Tao thanh hp chat co mau xanh tmIII. XENLULOZ1. Tnh chat vat l, trang thai t nhien.-Xenluloz la chat ran dang si, mau trang, khong tan trong nc vadung moi hu c, nhng tan trong nc Svayde (dd thu dc khi ha tanCu(OH)2 trong amoniac) .-Bng nn c gn 98% xenluloz2. Cau truc phan t:- Xenluloz l mt polisaccarit, phn t gm nhieu goc -glucoz lien ketvi nhau-CT : (C6H10O5)n hay [C6H7O2(OH)3]nc cu to mch khng phn nhnh .3. Tnh chat hoa hoc:a) Phan ng thuy phan: (C6H10O5)n + nH2O ,

oH t+ nC6H12O6b) Phan ng vi axit nitric [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHNO3(ac)

02 4H SO d,t

[C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2OXenluloz trinitrat rat de chay va no manh khong sinh ra khoi nenc dung lam thuoc sung khong khoi.

Ph n 2 . Cu hi trc nghimCu 1: Trong phn t ca cacbohyrat lun c

A. nhm chc axit. B. nhm chc xeton. C. nhm chc ancol. D. nhm chc anehit.

Cu 2: Cht thuc loi isaccarit lA. glucoz. B. saccaroz. C. xenluloz. D. fructoz.Cu 3: Hai cht ng phn ca nhau l

A. glucoz v mantoz. B. fructoz v glucoz. C. fructoz v mantoz. D. saccaroz v glucoz.Cu 4: Trong iu kin thch hp glucoz ln men to thnh kh CO2 v

A. C2H5OH. B. CH3COOH. C. HCOOH. D. CH3CHO.Cu 5: Saccaroz v glucoz u c

A.phn ng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng.B.phn ng vi dung dch NaCl.C.phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to thnh dung dch xanh lam.D.phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit.

Cu 6: Cho s chuyn ho: GlucozX Y CH3COOH. Hai cht X, Y ln lt lA. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH. B. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO.C. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2.

Cu 7: Cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5-


6/44

A. xenluloz. B. tinh bt. C. fructoz. D. saccaroz.Cu 8: Cht khngphn ng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng to thnh Ag l

A. C6H12O6 (glucoz). B. CH3COOH. C. HCHO. D. HCOOH.Cu 9: Dy gm cc dung dch u tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 l

A. glucoz, glixerol, ancol etylic. B. glucoz, andehit fomic, natri axetat.C. glucoz, glixerol, axit axetic. D. glucoz, glixerol, natri axetat.

Cu 10: chng minh trong phn t ca glucoz c nhiu nhm hiroxyl, ngi ta cho dung dch glucoz phnng vi

A. Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH, un nng. B. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng.

C. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. D. kim loi Na.Cu 11: Khi ln men 360 gam glucoz vi hiu sut 100%, khi lng ancol etylic thu c lA. 184 gam. B. 276 gam. C. 92 gam. D. 138 gam.

Cu 12: Cho m gam glucoz ln men thnh ru etylic vi hiu sut 80%. Hp th hon ton kh CO2 sinh ra vonc vi trong d thu c 20 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l

A. 14,4 B. 45. C. 11,25 D. 22,5Cu 13: un nng dung dch cha 27 gam glucoz vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 (d) th khi lng Ag ti athu c l

A. 16,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 21,6 gam. D. 32,4 gam.Cu 14: Cho 50ml dung dch glucoz cha r nng tc dng vi mt lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3thu

c 2,16 gam bc kt ta. Nng mol (hoc mol/l) ca dung dch glucoz dng l (Cho Ag = 108)A. 0,20M B. 0,01M C. 0,02M D. 0,10M

Cu 15: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ngA. ho tan Cu(OH)2. B. trng ngng. C. trng gng. D. thy phn.

Cu 16: Mt cht khi thy phn trong mi trng axit, un nng khng to ra glucoz. Cht lA.protit. B. saccaroz. C. tinh bt. D. xenluloz.

Cu 17: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, fructoz. S cht trong dy tham gia phn ngtrng gng l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.Cu 18: Cho cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, glucoz, imetyl ete v axit fomic. S cht tc dng c viCu(OH)2 l A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.Cu 19: Phn t khi trung bnh ca xenluloz l 1620 000. Gi tr n trong cng thc (C6H10O5)n l

A. 10000 B. 8000 C. 9000 D. 7000Cu 20: Trong cc cht sau: axit axetic, glixerol, glucoz, ancol etylic, xenluloz. S cht ha tan c Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l

A. 3 B. 5 C. 1 D. 4Cu 21: Cho cc dung dch sau: saccaroz, glucoz, anehit axetic, glixerol, ancol etylic, axetilen, fructoz. Slng dung dch c th tham gia phn ng trng gng l

A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 2.Cu 22: Khi thy phn saccaroz th thu c

A. ancol etylic. B. glucoz v fructoz. C. glucoz. D. fructoz.Cu 23: Cng thc no sau y l ca xenluloz?

A. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. B. [C6H8O2(OH)3]n. C. [C6H7O3(OH)3]n. D. [C6H5O2(OH)3]n.Cu 24: Dy cc cht no sau y u c phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit?

A. Tinh bt, xenluloz, glucoz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz, fructoz.C. Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz. D. Tinh bt, saccaroz, fructoz

CHNG 3: AMIN - AMINOAXIT - PEPTIT - PROTEINAMIN - ANILIN

Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt .Tc nhn Tnh cht ha hc

Amin bc 1 Amino axit proteinR NH2 C6H5

NH2H2N-CH-COOH

R. . .NH-CH-CO-NH-CH-CO. ..

R RH2O to dd - - -

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6-


7/44

bazaxit HCl to mui to mui to mui to mui hoc b thy phn khi

nung nngBazotan(NaOH)

- - to mui thy phn khi nung nng

AncolROH/ HCl

- -

+ Br2/H2O - to kt ta - -

t0, xt - - v - aminoaxittham gia phn ngtrng ng ng

--

Cu(OH)2 - -t o hp cht mu tm

BI 9. AMIN 1/ Khi nim: Khi thay th nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 bng gc Hirocacbon ta thu camin.Vd: NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, CH3-NH-CH3

NH2

xiclohexylamin2/ ng phn:Amin thng c ng phn v mch Cacbon, v tr ca nhm chc, bc amin.

Vd: C4H11NC 8 ng phn :3/ Phn loi: theo hai cch

a. Theo gc horcacbon: amin bo:CH3NH2, C2H5NH2.. v Amin thm: C6H5NH2,b. Theo bc amin: Amin bc 1: R-NH2 , Amin bc 2: R-NH-R1 , Amin bc 3: R- N-R1

4/ Danh php: R3a. Tn gc chc:Tn gc H-C tng ng + amin Vd: CH3-NH2 Metyl amin , C6H5NH2 phnyl aminb. Tn thay th:Tn H-C + v tr nhm chc+ amin,Nu mch c nhnh gi tn nhnh trcII. Tnh cht vt lAmin c phn t khi nh Mtyl amin, tyl amin l cht kh, mi khai, tan nhiu trong ncPhn t khi cng tng th:-Nhit si tng dn v tan trong nc gim dn2. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Tnh baz:- Cc amin mch h tan nhiu trong nc v dd lm qu tm ha xanh ( lm hng phenolphtalein ) .- Anilin v cc amin thm khckhng lm i mu qu tm- Tc dng vi axt: CH3NH2 + HCl CH3NH3ClC6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3ClSo snh lc baz :

NH2CH3_NH2>NH3>

b.Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7-


8/44

NH2

+H2O

NH2

BrBr

Br

+3 HB3 Br2

(2,4,6-tribromanilin)

Phn ng ny dng nhn bit anilin*Ch : Amin no n chc : CnH2n+3N v Amin no n chc , bc 1 : CnH2n+1NH2

BI 10 : AMINO AXIT1. Khi nim: Amino axit l loi hp cht hu c tp chc, phn t cha ng thi nhm amino

(NH2) v nhm cacboxyl (COOH).

CH3 CH COOH

NH2 alanin

- Tn amino axit l: Tn axit tng ng c thm tip u ng amino v ch ci Hy Lp , ,

hoc v tr cha nhm NH2.

1. Cu to phn t:-Phnt amino axit c nhm cacboxyl (COOH) th hin tnh axit v nhm amino (NH2) th hintnh baz- iu kin thng chng l cht rn kt tinh, d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao2. Tnh cht ha hc:

a/ Tnh cht lng tnh:

HOOC CH2NH2 HCl HOOC CH2 NH3Cl ;H2N CH2COOH NaOH H2N CH2 COONa H2O

b/ Tnh axit-baz ca dung dch amino axit:

c/ Phn ng ring ca nhm COOH:phn ng este ha.

d/ Phn ng trng ngng:

nH2N [CH2]5 COOHto

( NH [CH2]5 CO )n H2O

axit -aminocaproic policaproamit

Lu : cc axit c gc amino gn v tr, , khng cho phn ng trng ngngIII. ng dng:- Amino axit dng lm nguyn liu iu ch t nilon-6

Bi 11.

I/peptit1/ khi nim-Peptit l loi hp cht cha t 2 n 50 gc -amino axit lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt peptit.- Nhng phn t peptit cha 2, 3, 4, gc -amino axit c gi l i-, tri-, tetrapeptit,Nhng

phn t peptit cha nhiu gc -amino axit ( trn 10) c gi l polipeptitVd: hai ipeptit t alanin v glyxin l : Ala Gly v Gly-Ala .2/ Tnh cht ho hca)Phn ng thu phn

peptit c th b thy phn hon ton thnh cc -amino axitnh xt : axit hoc baz:Peptit c thb thy phn khng hon ton thnh cc peptit ngn hnb)Phn ng mu biurTrong mi trng kim , peptit p vi Cu(OH)2 cho hp cht mu tm

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8-


9/44

II/PROTEIN1/khi nim

Protein l nhng polipeptit cao phn t c phn t khi t vi chc nghn n vi triu-protein n gin Vd:anbumin,fibroin ca t tm , -protein phc tp Vd:nucleoprotein,lipoprotein cha cht bo2/ Cu to phn tPhn t protein c cu to bi nhiu gc

mina oaxit ni vi nhau bng lin kt peptit

(- NH - CH- CO-)n n > 50Ri3/tnh cht :protein c p mu biure vi Cu(OH)2mu tmIII/Enzima)khi nim

Enzim l nhng cht hu ht c bn cht protein ,c kh nng xc tc cho cc qu trnh ho hc,c bit trong c th sinh vtb)c im ca xc tc enzim-Hot ng xt ca ezim c tnh chn lc rt cao : mi enzim ch xt cho mt s chuyn ha nhtnh .

-Tc p nh xt ezim rt ln , thng ln gp t 109

n 1011

ln tc ca cng phn ng nh xtha hc .2/ Axit nucleic

a) khi nim Axit nucleic l polieste ca axit photphoric v pentoz .b) C 2 loi quan trng: AND,ARNc) vai tr

Axit nucleic c vai tr quan trng bc nht trong cc hot ng sng ca c th , nh s tng hpprotein, s chuyn cc thng tin di truynAND cha cc thng tinh di truyn , m ha cho hot ng sinh trng v pht trin ca cc c thsng .

ARN ch yu nm trong t bo cht , tham gia vo qu trnh gii m thng tin di truynPhn 2. Cu hi trc nghimCu1: S ng phn amin bc mt ng vi cng thc phn t C4H11N l

A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 5.Cu 2: C bao nhiu amin cha vng benzen c cng cng thc phn t C7H9N ?

A. 3 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin.Cu 3: Anilin c cng thc l

A. CH3COOH. B. C6H5OH. C. C6H5NH2. D. CH3OH.Cu 4: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l amin bc 2?

A. H2N-[CH2]6NH2 B. CH3CH(CH3)NH2 C. CH3NHCH3 D. C6H5NH2

Cu 5: C bao nhiu amin bc hai c cng cng thc phn t C5H13N ?A. 4 amin. B. 5 amin. C. 6 amin. D. 7 amin.Cu 6: Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz mnh nht ?

A. NH3 B. C6H5CH2NH2 C. C6H5NH2 D. (CH3)2NHCu 7: Trong cc tn gi di y, cht no c lc baz yu nht ?

A. C6H5NH2 B. C6H5CH2NH2 C. (C6H5)2NH D. NH3Cu 8: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no ph hp vi cht C6H5-CH2-NH2?

A. Phenylamin. B. Benzylamin. C. Anilin. D. Phenylmetylamin.Cu 9: Trong cc cht di y, cht no c tnh baz mnh nht ?

A. C6H5NH2. B. (C6H5)2NH C. p-CH3-C6H4-NH2. D. C6H5-CH2-NH2Cu 10: Cht khng c kh nng lm xanh nc qu tm l

A. Anilin B. Natri hiroxit. C. Natri axetat. D. Amoniac.Cu 11: Cht khngphn ng vi dung dch NaOH lA. C6H5NH3Cl. B. C6H5CH2OH. C. p-CH3C6H4OH. D. C6H5OH.

Cu 12: Dy gm cc cht u lm giy qu tm m chuyn sang mu xanh l:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9-


10/44

A. anilin, metyl amin, amoniac. B. amoni clorua, metyl amin, natri hiroxit.C. anilin, amoniac, natri hiroxit. D. metyl amin, amoniac, natri axetat.

Cu 13: Kt ta xut hin khi nh dung dch brom voA. ancol etylic. B.benzen. C. anilin. D. axit axetic.

Cu 14: Anilin (C6H5NH2) phn ng vi dung dchA.NaOH. B. HCl. C.Na2CO3. D.NaCl.

Cu 15: C 3 cht lng benzen, anilin, stiren, ng ring bit trong 3 l mt nhn. Thuc th phn bit 3 chtlng trn l

A. dung dch phenolphtalein. B. nc brom. C. dung dch NaOH. D. giy qu tm.

Cu 16: Anilin (C6H5NH2) v phenol (C6H5OH) u c phn ng viA. dung dch NaCl. B. dung dch HCl. C. nc Br2. D. dung dch NaOH.

Cu 17: Dung dch metylamin trong nc lmA. qu tm khng i mu. B. qu tm ha xanh.C.phenolphtalein ho xanh. D.phenolphtalein khng i mu.

Cu 18: Cht c tnh baz lA. CH3NH2. B. CH3COOH. C. CH3CHO. D. C6H5OH.

Cu 19: Cho 9,3 gam anilin (C6H5NH2) tc dng va vi axit HCl. Khi lng mui thu c lA. 11,95 gam. B. 12,95 gam. C. 12,59 gam. D. 11,85 gam.

Cu 20: Cho anilin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 38,85 gam mui. Khi lng anilin phn ngl A. 18,6g B. 9,3g C. 37,2g D. 27,9g.Cu21: Trung ha 11,8 gam mt amin n chc cn 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5N B. CH5N C. C3H9N D. C3H7NCu 22: trung ha 20 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 22,5% cn dng 100ml dung dchHCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; N = 14)

A. C2H7N B. CH5N C. C3H5N D. C3H7NCu 23: Cho 10 gam amin n chc X phn ng hon ton vi HCl (d), thu c 15 gam mui. S ng phncu to ca X l A. 8. B. 7. C. 5. D. 4.Cu24: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol metylamin (CH3NH2), sinh ra V lt kh N2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l

A. 4,48. B. 1,12. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.Cu 25: Mt amin n chc c cha 31,111%N v khi lng. Cng thc phn t v s ng phn ca amin

tng ng l A. CH5N; 1 ng phn. B. C2H7N; 2 ng phn. C. C3H9N; 4 ng phn. D. C4H11N; 8 ngphn.Cu26: Cho 11,25 gam C2H5NH2 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl x(M). Sau khi phn ng xong thu cdung dch c cha 22,2 gam cht tan. Gi tr ca x l

A. 1,3M B. 1,25M C. 1,36M D. 1,5MCu 27: Ba cht lng: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3NH2 ng trong ba l ring bit. Thuc th dng phn bit bacht trn l A. qu tm. B. kim loi Na. C. dung dch Br2. D. dung dch NaOH.Cu 28. Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu tnh baz gim dn t tri sang phi l

A. CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5NH2. B. CH3NH2, C6H5NH2, NH3.C. C6H5NH2, NH3, CH3NH2. D.NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2.

Cu 29: Cho dy cc cht: phenol, anilin, phenylamoni clorua, natri phenolat, etanol. S cht trong dy phn ngc vi NaOH (trong dung dch) lA. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.Cu 30: Cht lm giy qu tm m chuyn thnh mu xanh l

A. C2H5OH. B. CH3NH2. C. C6H5NH2. D.NaCl.

AMINOAXIT PEPTIT - PROTEINCu 1: Amino axit l hp cht hu c trong phn t

A. cha nhm cacboxyl v nhm amino. B. ch cha nhm amino.C. ch cha nhm cacboxyl. D. ch cha nit hoc cacbon.

Cu 2: C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C4H9O2N?

A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 5 cht. D. 6 cht.Cu 3: C bao nhiu amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C3H7O2N?A. 3 cht. B. 4 cht. C. 2 cht. D. 1 cht.

Cu 4: Trong cc tn gi di y, tn no khng ph hp vi cht CH3CH(NH2)COOH ?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10-


11/44

A. Axit 2-aminopropanoic. B. Axit -aminopropionic. C. Anilin. D. Alanin.Cu 5: Trong cc cht di y, cht no l glixin?

A. H2N-CH2-COOH B. CH3CH(NH2)COOHC. HOOC-CH2CH(NH2)COOH D. H2NCH2-CH2COOH

Cu 6: Dung dch ca cht no sau y khnglm i mu qu tm :A. Glixin (CH2NH2-COOH) B. Lizin (H2NCH2-[CH2]3CH(NH2)-COOH)C. Axit glutamic (HOOCCH2CHNH2COOH) D. Natriphenolat (C6H5ONa)

Cu 7: Cht X va tc dng c vi axit, va tc dng c vi baz. Cht X lA. CH3COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. CH3CHO. D. CH3NH2.

Cu 8: Cht no sau y va tc dng c vi H2NCH2COOH, va tc dng c vi CH3NH2?A.NaCl. B. HCl. C. CH3OH. D.NaOH.Cu 9: Cht rn khng mu, d tan trong nc, kt tinh iu kin thng l

A. C6H5NH2. B. C2H5OH. C. H2NCH2COOH. D. CH3NH2.Cu 10: Cht tham gia phn ng trng ngng l

A. C2H5OH. B. CH2 = CHCOOH. C. H2NCH2COOH. D. CH3COOH.Cu 11: Cho dy cc cht: C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2NH2, C6H5OH(phenol). S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l

A. 4. B. 2. C. 3. D. 5.Cu 12: chng minh aminoaxit l hp cht lng tnh ta c th dng phn ng ca cht ny ln lt vi

A. dung dch KOH v dung dch HCl. B. dung dch NaOH v dung dch NH3.

C. dung dch HCl v dung dch Na2SO4 . D. dung dch KOH v CuO.Cu 13: Axit aminoaxetic (H2NCH2COOH) tc dng c vi dung dch

A.NaNO3. B.NaCl. C.NaOH. D.Na2SO4.Cu 14: Dung dch ca cht no trong cc cht di y khng lm i mu qu tm ? A. CH3NH2. B. NH2CH2COOH C. HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. CH3COONa.Cu 15: phn bit 3 dung dch H2NCH2COOH, CH3COOH v C2H5NH2 ch cn dng mt thuc th l

A. dung dch NaOH. B. dung dch HCl. C. natri kim loi. D. qu tm.Cu 16: C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C6H5-NH3Cl (phenylamoni clorua), H2N-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH,ClH3N-CH2-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2N-CH2-COONa. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l

A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3.Cu 17: Glixin khng tc dng vi

A. H2SO4 long. B. CaCO3. C. C2H5OH. D.NaCl.Cu 18: Cho 7,5 gam axit aminoaxetic (H2N-CH2-COOH) phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl. Sau phn ng, khilng mui thu c l (Cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16, Cl = 35, 5)

A. 43,00 gam. B. 44,00 gam. C. 11,05 gam. D. 11,15 gam.Cu19: Trong phn t aminoaxit X c mt nhm amino v mt nhm cacboxyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l

A. H2NC3H6COOH. B. H2NCH2COOH. C. H2NC2H4COOH. D. H2NC4H8COOH.Cu 20: 1 mol - amino axit X tc dng va ht vi 1 mol HCl to ra mui Y c hm lng clo l 28,287%Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH3-CH(NH2)COOH B. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH

C. H2N-CH2-COOH D. H2N-CH2-CH(NH2 )-COOHCu 21: Este A c iu ch t ancol metylic v amino axit no B(cha mt nhm amino v mt nhmcacboxyl). T khi hi ca A so vi oxi l 2,78125. Amino axit B l

A. axit amino fomic. B. axit aminoaxetic. C. axit glutamic. D. axit -amino propionic.Cu 22: C 0,01 mol aminoaxit (A) phn ng va vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Mt khc 1,5 gamaminoaxit (A) phn ng va vi 80 ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Khi lng phn t ca A l

A. 150. B.75. C. 105. D. 89.Cu 23: Mt - amino axit X ch cha 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 10,68 gam X tc dng vi HCld thu c 15,06 gam mui. Tn gi ca X l

A. axit glutamic. B. valin. C. alanin. D. glixinCu 24: T glyxin (Gly) v alanin (Ala) c th to ra my cht ipeptit ?

A. 1 cht. B. 2 cht. C. 3 cht. D. 4 cht.Cu 25: Sn phm cui cng ca qu trnh thy phn cc protein n gin nh cht xc tc thch hp l

A.-aminoaxit. B. -aminoaxit. C. axit cacboxylic. D. este.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11-


12/44

CHNG 4: POLIME - VT LIU POLIMEPHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt .

BI 13. DI CNG V POLIME.I. KHI NIMPolime l nhng hp cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu n v c s (gi l mtxch) lin kt vi nhau to nn.- Th d: polietilen: (CH2 - CH2 )n , xenluloz : (C6H10O5)n

*Phn loi :**Theo ngun gc :

-polime tng hp :Vd: polietilen-Polime thin nhin : vd : tinh bt-Polime bn tng hp : vd : t visco**Theo cch tng hp :-Polime trng hp :vd : polipropilen-Polime trng ngng : vd : nilon-6,6III.TNH CHT VT L-Cht nhit do : polime nng chy , ngui thnh rn .-Cht nhit rn : polime khng nng chy , m b phn hy .IV.TNH CHT HA HC

1/ Phn ng phn ct mch polime- Polime c nhm chc trong mch d b thy phnTh d : tinh bt , xenluloz b thy phn thnh glucoz

2/ Phn ng gi nguyn mch polimeNhng polime c lin kt i trong mch hoc nhm chc ngoi mch c th tham gia cc phn ngc trng3/ Phn ng tng mch polime ( phn ng khu mch polime )

Khi c iu kin thch hp cc mch polime c th ni vi nhauBI 14. VT LIU POLIME .I. Cht do:

1. Khi nim v cht do v vt liu compozit* Cht do l nhng cht liu polime c tnh do.- Thnh phn: polime

Cht n, cht ho do, cht ph gia.*Vt liu Com pozit l vt liu hn hp gm t nht 2 thnh phn phn tn vo nhau m khng ho

tan vo nhau.Thnh phn: Cht nn (polime)

Cht n, si bt (silicat), bt nh (CaCO3 )2. Mt s polime dng lm cht do:

a/ Polietilen: (P.E)

b/ poli (Vinylclorua) (PVC)c/ poli(metyl metacrylat) thu tinh hu c (plexiglas)

CH3

( CH2 C ) n

COOCH3d/ poli (phenol-fomandehit) (P.P.F)II. T:

1. Khi nim T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh, bn nht nh.2. Phn loi: c 2 loi- T t nhin: Len, t tm, bng- T ho hc

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12-


13/44

+ T tng hp: Ch to t polime tng hp: tpoliamit, vinylic+ T bn tng hp: (t nhn to): ch to t polime thin nhin nh t visco, xenluloz axetat.

3. Mt s loi t tng hp thng gp:a/ T nilon-6.6

b/ T nitron (olon)

n CH2= CH (CH2-CH ) n

III. Cao su:1. Khi nim: Cao su l vt liu polime c tnh n hi.2. Phn loi: C 2 loi: cao su thin nhin v cao su tng hpa/ Cao su thin nhin: ly t m cy cao su- Cu to: l polime ca isopren.( CH2-C=CH-CH2 ) n

b/ Cao su tng hp: + cao su buna v Cao su buna-S v cao su buna-N

IV. Keo dn tng hp.1/ Khi nim:Keo dn l loi vt liu c kh nng kt dnh 2 mnh vt liu rn ging hoc khc nhau m khng

lm bin i bn cht ca vt liu c kt dnh.2. Mt s loi keo dn tng hp thng dng:

C/ Keo dn ure-fomandehita/ Nha v sm: l dung dch c ca cao su trong dung mi hu c

b/ keo dn epoxi: lm t polime c cha nhm epoxi

Phn 2. Cu hi trc nghim

Cu 1: Polivinyl clorua c cng thc lA. (-CH2-CHCl-)2. B. (-CH2-CH2-)n. C. (-CH2-CHBr-)n. D. (-CH2-CHF-)n.

Cu 2: Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp lA. stiren. B. isopren. C. propen. D. toluen.

Cu 3: Cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp lA.propan. B.propen. C. etan. D. toluen.

Cu 4: Qu trnh nhiu phn t nh (monome) kt hp vi nhau thnh phn t ln (polime) ng thi gii phngnhng phn t nc gi l phn ng

A. nhit phn. B. trao i. C. trng hp. D. trng ngng.Cu 5: Tn gi ca polime c cng thc (-CH2-CH2-)n l

A.polivinyl clorua. B.polietilen. C.polimetyl metacrylat. D.polistiren.Cu 6:T monome no sau y c th iu ch c poli(vinyl ancol)?A. CH2=CH-COOCH3. B. CH2=CH-OCOCH3. C. CH2=CH-COOC2H5. D. CH2=CH-CH2OH.

Cu 7: Cht tham gia phn ng trng hp to ra polime lA. CH3-CH2-Cl. B. CH3-CH3. C. CH2=CH-CH3. D. CH3-CH2-CH3.

Cu 8: Monome c dng iu ch polietilen lA. CH2=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH2. C. CHCH. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2.

Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht c dng tng hp cao su Buna-S l:A. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, C6H5CH=CH2.C. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, lu hunh. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2, CH3-CH=CH2.

Cu 10: Cho cc polime sau: (-CH2 CH2-)n ; (- CH2- CH=CH- CH2-)n ; (- NH-CH2 -CO-)n

Cng thc ca cc monome khi trng hp hoc trng ngng to ra cc polime trn ln lt lA. CH2=CHCl, CH3-CH=CH-CH3, CH3- CH(NH2)- COOH.B. CH2=CH2, CH2=CH-CH= CH2, NH2- CH2- COOH.C. CH2=CH2, CH3- CH=C= CH2, NH2- CH2- COOH.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13-

RCOOR`

CNCN

poliacrilonnitrin

CH3


14/44

D. CH2=CH2, CH3- CH=CH-CH3, NH2- CH2- CH2- COOH.Cu 11: Trong s cc loi t sau:(1) [-NH-(CH2)6-NH-OC-(CH2)4-CO-]n (2) [-NH-(CH2)5-CO-]n (3) [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)3]n .

T nilon-6,6 lA. (1). B. (1), (2), (3). C. (3). D. (2).

Cu 12: Polivinyl axetat (hoc poli(vinyl axetat)) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hpA. C2H5COO-CH=CH2. B. CH2=CH-COO-C2H5.C. CH3COO-CH=CH2. D. CH2=CH-COO-CH3.

Cu 13:Nilon6,6 l mt loi

A. t axetat. B. t poliamit. C.polieste. D. t visco.Cu 14: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn ng trng hpA. CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3. B. CH2 =CHCOOCH3.C. C6H5CH=CH2. D. CH3COOCH=CH2.

Cu 15: Polivinyl clorua (PVC) iu ch t vinyl clorua bng phn ngA. trao i. B. oxi ho - kh. C. trng hp. D. trng ngng.

Cu 16: Cng thc cu to ca polibutaien lA. (-CF2-CF2-)n. B. (-CH2-CHCl-)n. C. (-CH2-CH2-)n. D. (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-)n.

Cu 17: T c sn xut t xenluloz lA. t tm. B. t capron. C. t nilon-6,6. D. t visco.

Cu 18: Monome c dng iu ch polipropilen l

A. CH2=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH2. C. CHCH. D. CH2=CH-CH=CH2.Cu 19: T c sn xut t xenluloz l

A. t visco. B. t nilon-6,6. C. t tm. D. t capron.Cu 20: T capron thuc loi

A. t poliamit. B. t visco. C. t polieste. D. t axetat.Cu 21: T nilon - 6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng

A. HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH. B. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v HO-(CH2)2-OH.C. HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH v H2N-(CH2)6-NH2. D. H2N-(CH2)5-COOH.

Cu 22: Cho s chuyn ho: GlucozX Y Cao su Buna. Hai cht X, Y ln lt lA. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. B. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2.

C. CH2CH2OH v CH3-CH=CH-CH3. D. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH-CH=CH2.Cu 23: Cao su buna c to thnh t buta-1,3-ien bng phn ngA. trng hp B. trng ngng C. cng hp D. phn ng th

Cu 24: Cng thc phn t ca cao su thin nhinA. ( C5H8)n B. ( C4H8)n C. ( C4H6)n D. ( C2H4)n

Cu 25: T nilon -6,6 thuc loiA. t nhn to. B. t bn tng hp. C. t thin nhin. D. t tng hp.

Cu26. Trong cc loi t di y, t nhn to lA. t visco. B. t capron. C. t nilon -6,6. D. t tm.

Cu 27. Teflon l tn ca mt polime c dng lmA. cht do. B. t tng hp. C. cao su tng hp. D. keo dn.

Cu 28: Phn t khi trung bnh ca PVC l 750000. H s polime ho ca PVC lA. 12.000 B. 15.000 C. 24.000 D. 25.000

CHNG 5: I CNG KIM LOIV TR CA KIM LOI TRONG HTTH

PHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt .BI 17. V TR CA KIM LOI TRONG BTH .

I. V tr ca kim loi trong bng h thng tun hon:_ Nhm IA ( tr hidro), nhm IIA, nhm IIIA( tr bo) v mt phn ca nhm IVA,VA,VIA._ Cc nguyn t nhm B ( t IB n VIIIB).

_ H latan v actini.II. Cu to ca kim loi:1. cu to nguyn t:

Nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t kim loi iu c t electron lp ngoi cng ( 1,2 hoc 3).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14-


15/44

2. Cu to tinh th: nhit thng cc kim loi th gn v c cu to tinh th( tr thy ngn th lng).Tinh th kim loi c 3 kiu mng tinh th ph bin sau:a) Mng tinh th lc phng:V d: Be,Mg,Zn,

b) Mng tinh th lp phng tm din:V d: Li,Na,K,c) Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi:

V d: Cu,Ag,Al,3. Lin kt kim loi:L lin kt c hnh thnh gia cc nguyn t v ion kim loi trong mng tinh th do s tham gia cacc electron t doBI 18. TNH CHT CA KIM LOI . DY IN HA CA KIM LOI .I TNH CHT VT L .1 .Tnh cht vt l chung . iu kin thng cc kim loi u trng thi rn (tr Hg) c tnh do dn in ,dn nhit v nhkim .Tm li ;tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi gy nn bi s c mt ca cc e t do trong mng tinh th

kim loiII TNH CHT HO HCTnh cht ho hc chung ca kim loi l tnh kh

M Mn+ + ne1 Tc dng vi phi kima/ Vi clo 2Fe + 3 Cl2

ot 2 FeCl3 .b/ Vi Oxi 3Fe + 2O2

ot Fe3O4c/ Vi lu hunh phn ng cn un nng (tr Hg to thng )2Tc dng vi dung dch axit .a/Vi dd HCl,H2SO4 long.Tr cc kim loi ng sau hidro trong dy in ha .

b/ vi dd HNO3 ,H2SO4 cHu ht kim loi (tr Au,Pt) kh c N+5(HNO3 loang) N+2 v S+6 (H2SO4 c nng) S+4

Ch ; HNO3 ,H2SO4 c ngui lm th ng ho Al,Fe, Cr, . . . .3 Tc dng vi nc-Ch c cc kim loi nhm IAv IIA BTH (tr Be,Mg) kh H2O nhit thng .2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

-Cc kl cn li c tnh kh yu hn nn kh nc t 0cao : Fe, Zn,4 Tc Dng Vi Dung Dch Mui. VD: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu

Fe cht kh : Cu2+ cht oxhIII. DY IN HO KIM LOI1 Cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi . Vd Ag+ /Ag ,Cu2+/Cu,. . . .2 So snh tnh cht cp oxi ha khTnh oxh cc ion ; Ag+> Cu2+> Zn2+ Tnh kh .Zn>Cu>Ag3 Dy in ha ca kim loi

4 ngha dy in haCho php d on chiu ca p gia 2 cp oxh-kh theo qui tc vd phn ng gia 2 cp Cu2+/Cu v Fe2+/Fe. Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15-

K+ Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Ni2+ Sn2+ Pb2+ H+ Cu2+ Fe3+

Ag+ Hg2+ Au3+


16/44

c.k m c. oxh m c. oxh y c.k yBI 19. HP KIM .I KHI NIM

H p kim l vt liu kim loi c bn v mt s kim loi hoc phi kim khc .II TNH CHT .Hp kim c nhiu tnh cht ha hc tng t tnh cht ca cc n cht tham gia thnh hp kim

,nhng tnh cht vt l v tnh cht c hc ca hp kim li khc nhiu tnh cht cc n cht .III NG DNG

Trn thc t ,hp kim c s dng nhiu hn kim loi nguyn cht .Hp kim Au vi Ag , Cu ( vng ty) p v cng , dng ch to trang sc v trc y mt snc dng c tin .BI 20. S N MN KIM LOIKhai niem chung : An mon kim loai: s pha huy kim loai hay hpkim do tac dung cua cac chat trong moi trng M ne = Mn+II.Cac dang an mon kim loai1. An mon hoa hoc Khai niem: An mon hoa hoc la qua trnh oxi hoa kh, trong ocac e cua kim loai c chuyen trc tiep en cac chat trong moi

trng. ac iem : -Khong phat sinh dong ien

-Nhiet o cang cao th toc o an mon cang nhanh2. An mon ien hoaa.Khai niem:An mon ien hoa la qua trnh oxi hoa kh, trong okim loai b an mon do tac dung cua dung dch chat ien li va tao nendong e chuyen di t am sang dng.-Cc m (anot) : xy ra qu trnh oxi ha ( qtrnh nhng e )-Cc dng (catot) : xy ra qu trnh kh ( qtrnh nhn e )b. n mn in ha hc hp kim ca st trong khng khm-Kim loai hoat ong manh hn ong vai tro la cc am (anot) s bn mn .C.ieu kien co an mon ien hoa:-Cac ien cc phai khac nhau: cap kim loai khac nhau hoc kim loi viphi kim-Cac ien cc phai tiep xuc trc tiep hoac gian tiep vi nhau qua dydn-Cac ien cc phai cung tiep xuc vi mt dd chat ien liII- CACH CHONG AN MON KIM LOAI1-Phng phap bao ve be mat: sn , m , 2-Dung phng phap ien hoaNguyen tac: Gan kim loai co tnh kh manh vi kim loai can c bao

ve ( co tnh kh yeu hn)BI 21 . IU CH KIM LOI .I-NGUYEN TAC :Kh ion kim loai thanh nguyen t : Mn+ + ne MII- PHNG PHAP:1. Phng phap nhiet luyenDung cac chat kh nh CO, H2, C, NH3, Al e kh cac ion kim loai trongoxit nhiet o cao.

Fe2O3+3CO

0t

2Fe+ 3CO2Dung e ieu che cac kim loai co o hoat ong trung bnh ( sau Al)2. Phng phap thuy luyenDung kim loai t do co tnh kh manh hn e kh ion kim loai trong

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16-


17/44

dung dch muoi.Vd:Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Dung e ieu che cackim loai hoat ong yeu (sau H2)3. Phng phap ien phan:a) ien phan hp chat nong chay:Dung dong ien e kh ion kim loai trong hp chat nong chay(oxit,hydroxit, muoi halogen)

2Al2O3 dpnc 4Al + 3O2 ; 4NaOHdpnc 4Na+O2 +2H2O

Dung e ieu che kim loai co o hoat ong manh (t au Al)b) ien phan dung dch:- Dung dong ien e kh ion trong dung dch muoi.CuCl2 dpdd Cu + Cl2

2CuSO4 + 2H2O dpdd 2Cu + O2 + 2H2SO4Dung ieu che cac kim loai trung bnh, yeu.

c) Tnh lng chat thu c cac ien cc: m =. .

.

A I t

n FPhn 2. cu hi trc nghim

Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA lA. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.Cu2: Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IA l

A. R2O3. B. RO2. C. R2O. D. RO.Cu 3: Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IIA l

A. R2O3. B. RO2. C. R2O. D. RO.Cu 4: Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z =11) l

A. 1s22s2 2p6 3s2. B. 1s22s2 2p6. C. 1s22s22p63s1. D. 1s22s22p6 3s23p1.Cu 5: Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon l

A. Sr, K. B.Na, Ba. C. Be, Al. D. Ca, Ba.Cu 6: Nguyn t Cr c Z = 24, cu hnh e ca Cr l

A. [Ar] 3d4 4s2. B. [Ar] 4s23d4. C. [Ar] 3d5 4s1. D. [Ar] 4s13d5.Cu7: Cation M+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng 2s22p6 l

A. Rb+. B.Na+. C. Li+. D. K+.

TNH CHT CA KIM LOI DY IN HA CA KIM LOICu 8: Kim loi no sau y c tnh dn in tt nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm.Cu 9: Kim loi no sau y do nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vng. B. Bc. C. ng. D. Nhm.Cu 10: Kim loi no sau y c cng ln nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vonfam. B. Crom C. St D. ng

Cu 11: Kim loi no sau y l kim loi mm nht trong tt c cc kim loi ? A. Liti. B. Xesi. C. Natri. D. Kali.Cu 12: Kim loi no sau y c nhit nng chy cao nht trong tt c cc kim loi? A. Vonfam. B. St. C. ng. D. Km.Cu 13: Kim loi no sau y nh nht ( c khi lng ring nh nht ) trong tt c cc kim loi ? A. Natri B. Liti C. Kali D. RubidiCu 14: Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca kim loi l

A. tnh baz. B. tnh oxi ha. C. tnh axit. D. tnh kh.Cu 15: Hai kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch Cu(NO3)2 gii phng kim loi Cu l

A. Al v Fe. B. Fe v Au. C. Al v Ag. D. Fe v Ag.Cu 16: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l

A. Fe + Cu(NO3)2. B. Cu + AgNO3. C. Zn + Fe(NO3)2. D. Ag + Cu(NO3)2.Cu 17: Hai kim loi Al v Cu u phn ng c vi dung dchA.NaCl long. B. H2SO4 long. C. HNO3 long. D.NaOH long

Cu 18: Kim loi Cu phn ng c vi dung dch

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17-


18/44

A. FeSO4. B. AgNO3. C. KNO3. D. HCl.Cu19: Dung dch FeSO4 v dung dch CuSO4 u tc dng c vi

A. Ag. B. Fe. C. Cu. D. Zn.Cu 20: ho tan hon ton hn hp gm hai kim loi Cu v Zn, ta c th dng mt lng d dung dch

A. HCl. B. AlCl3. C. AgNO3. D. CuSO4.Cu 21: Hai dung dch u tc dng c vi Fe l

A. CuSO4 v HCl. B. CuSO4 v ZnCl2. C. HCl v CaCl2. D. MgCl2 v FeCl3.Cu 22: Cho cc kim loi: Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn; s kim loi tc dng vi dung dch Pb(NO3)2 l

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

Cu 23: Dung dch mui no sau y tc dng c vi c Ni v Pb?A. Pb(NO3)2. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. Fe(NO3)2. D.Ni(NO3)2.Cu 24: Tt c cc kim loi Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag u tc dng c vi dung dch

A. HCl. B. H2SO4 long. C. HNO3 long. D. KOH.Cu 25: Cho cc kim loi: Na, Mg, Fe, Al; kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht l

A. Al. B.Na. C. Mg. D. Fe.Cu 26: Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO3cAl(NO3)3 + dNO + eH2O.H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bng

A. 5. B. 4. C. 7. D. 6.Cu 27: Dy no sau y ch gm cc cht va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dungdch AgNO3 ?

A. Zn, Cu, Mg B. Al, Fe, CuO C. Fe, Ni, Sn D. Hg, Na, CaCu 28: Cho phn ng ha hc: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Trong phn ng trn xy ra

A. s kh Fe2+ v s oxi ha Cu. B. s kh Fe2+ v s kh Cu2+.C. s oxi ha Fe v s oxi ha Cu. D. s oxi ha Fe v s kh Cu2+.

Cu29: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc lA. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl.C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.

Cu 30: Cho kim loi M tc dng vi Cl2 c mui X; cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch HCl c muiY. Nu cho kim loi M tc dng vi dung dch mui X ta cng c mui Y. Kim loi M c th l

A. Mg B. Al C. Zn D. Fe

Cu 31: kh ion Cu

2+

trong dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loiA. K B. Na C. Ba D. FeCu 32: kh ion Fe3+ trong dung dch thnh ion Fe2+ c th dng mt lng d

A. Kim loi Mg B. Kim loi Ba C. Kim loi Cu D. Kim loi AgCu 33: Th t mt s cp oxi ha - kh trong dy in ha nh sau : Fe 2+/Fe; Cu2+/Cu; Fe3+/Fe2+. Cp chtkhng phn ng vi nhau l

A. Cu v dung dch FeCl3 B. Fe v dung dch CuCl2C. Fe v dung dch FeCl3 D. dung dch FeCl2 v dung dch CuCl2

Cu34: Dy gm cc kim loi c xp theo th t tnh kh tng dn t tri sang phi lA. Mg, Fe, Al. B. Fe, Mg, Al. C. Fe, Al, Mg. D. Al, Mg, Fe.

Cu 35: Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim

l A.Na, Ba, K. B. Be, Na, Ca. C.Na, Fe, K. D.Na, Cr, K.Cu 36: Trong dung dch CuSO4, ion Cu2+ khngb kh bi kim loi

A. Fe. B. Ag. C. Mg. D. Zn.Cu 37: Cho dy cc kim loi: Fe, Na, K, Ca. S kim loi trong dy tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l

A. 4. B. 1. C. 3. D. 2.Cu38: Kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 long l

A. Ag. B. Au. C. Cu. D. Al.Cu 39: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l

A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

Cu 40: ng (Cu) tc dng c vi dung dchA. H2SO4 c, nng. B. H2SO4 long. C. FeSO4. D. HCl.Cu 41: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l

A. 3. B. 1. C. 4. D. 2.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18-


19/44

Cu 42: Cho dy cc kim loi: K, Mg, Na, Al. Kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht trong dy lA.Na. B. Mg. C. Al. D. K.

S N MN KIM LOICu 43: Mt s ho cht c trn ngn t c khung bng kim loi. Sau 1 thi gian, ngi ta thy khung kimloi b g. Ho cht no di y c kh nng gy ra hin tng trn?

A. Ancol etylic. B. Dy nhm. C. Du ho. D. Axit clohydric.Cu 44: Cho cc cp kim loi nguyn cht tip xc trc tip vi nhau : Fe v Pb; Fe v Zn; Fe v Sn; Fe v Ni.Khi nhng cc cp kim loi trn vo dung dch axit, s cp kim loi trong Fe b ph hy trc l

A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D.3

Cu 45: bo v v tu bin lm bng thp ngi ta thng gn vo v tu (phn ngm di nc)nhng tm kim loi

A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Sn. D. Pb.Cu 46: C 4 dung dch ring bit: a) HCl, b) CuCl2, c) FeCl3, d) HCl c ln CuCl2. Nhng vo mi dung dchmt thanh Fe nguyn cht. S trng hp xut hin n mn in ho l

A. 0. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.Cu 47: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn-Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung dch cht inli th cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:

A. I, II v III. B. I, II v IV. C. I, III v IV. D. II, III v IV.

IU CH KIM LOI

Cu 48: Khi iu ch kim loi, cc ion kim loi ng vai tr l chtA.b kh. B. nhn proton. C.b oxi ho. D. cho proton.Cu 49: loi b kim loi Cu ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu, ngi ta ngm hn hp kim loi trn volng d dung dch

A. AgNO3. B. HNO3. C. Cu(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2.Cu 50: Cht khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l

A. Cu. B. Al. C. CO. D. H2.Cu 51: Hai kim loi c th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l

A. Ca v Fe. B. Mg v Zn. C.Na v Cu. D. Fe v Cu.Cu 52: Phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi Ca t CaCl2 l

A. nhit phn CaCl2. B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy.

C. dng Na kh Ca2+ trong dung dch CaCl2. D. in phn dung dch CaCl2.Cu53: Oxit d b H2 kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi l

A.Na2O. B. CaO. C. CuO. D. K2O.Cu 54: Phng trnh ho hc no sau y th hin cch iu ch Cu theo phng php thu luyn ?

A. Zn + CuSO4 Cu + ZnSO4 B. H2 + CuO Cu + H2OC. CuCl2 Cu + Cl2 D. 2CuSO4 + 2H2O 2Cu + 2H2SO4 + O2

Cu 55: Phng trnh ha hc no sau y biu din cch iu ch Ag t AgNO3 theo phng php thu luyn ?A.2AgNO3 + Zn 2Ag + Zn(NO3)2 B. 2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2C. 4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + 4HNO3 + O2 D. Ag2O + CO 2Ag + CO2.

Cu 56: Trong phng php thu luyn, iu ch Cu t dung dch CuSO4 c th dng kim loi no lm chtkh? A. K. B. Ca. C. Zn. D. Ag.Cu 57: Cho kh CO d i qua hn hp gm CuO, Al2O3, MgO (nung nng). Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thuc cht rn gm

A. Cu, Al, Mg. B. Cu, Al, MgO. C. Cu, Al2O3, Mg. D. Cu, Al2O3, MgO.Cu 58: Cho lung kh H2 (d) qua hn hp cc oxit CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn nghn hp rn cn li l:

A. Cu, FeO, ZnO, MgO. B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg. C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO. D. Cu, Fe, ZnO, MgO.Cu 59: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l

A. Al v Mg. B.Na v Fe. C. Cu v Ag. D. Mg v Zn.Cu 60: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l

A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3. B. Fe + dung dch HCl. C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3. D. Cu + dung dchFeCl2.Cu 61: Dy cc kim loi u c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch mui ca chng l:

A. Ba, Ag, Au. B. Fe, Cu, Ag. C. Al, Fe, Cr. D. Mg, Zn, Cu.Cu 62: Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra

A. s kh ion Cl-. B. s oxi ho ion Cl-. C. s oxi ho ion Na+. D. s kh ion Na+.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-19-


20/44

Cu 63: Oxit d b H2 kh nhit cao to thnh kim loi lA.Na2O. B. CaO. C. CuO. D. K2O.

Cu 64: Trong cng nghip, kim loi c iu ch bng phng php in phn hp cht nng chy ca kimloi l A.Na. B. Ag. C. Fe. D. Cu.

CC DNG BI TP PHN I CNG KIM LOIDNG 1: KIM LOI TC DNG VI PHI KIM

Cu1. Bao nhiu gam Cu tc dng va vi clo to ra 27 gam CuCl2?A. 12,4 gam B. 12,8 gam. C. 6,4 gam. D. 25,6 gam.

Cu2: t 1 lng nhm(Al) trong 6,72 lt O2. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ho tan hon ton vo dungdch HCl thy bay ra 6,72 lt H2 (cc th tch kh o kc). Khi lng nhm dng l

A. 8,1gam. B. 16,2gam. C. 18,4gam. D. 24,3gam.DNG 2: KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH AXIT

Cu 1. Cho 10 gam hn hp cc kim loi Mg v Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl long d thu c 3,733 litH2(kc). Thnh phn % ca Mg trong hn hp l:

A. 50%. B. 35%. C. 20%. D. 40%.Cu 2. Mt hn hp gm 13 gam km v 5,6 gam st tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric long d. Th tch khhidro (ktc) c gii phng sau phn ng l.

A. 2,24 lit. B. 4,48 lit. C. 6,72 lit. D. 67,2 lit.Cu 3. Cho 4,05 gam Al tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 thu V lt N2O (kc) duy nht. Gi tr V l

A. 2,52 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 1,26 lt.Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Fe v Cu, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dungdch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc) bay ra. Gi tr ca V l

A. 1,12 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 4,48 lt.Cu 5: Ho tan hon ton 1,5 gam hn hp bt Al v Mg vo dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt H 2 (kc). Phn %khi lng ca Al trong hn hp l

A. 60%. B. 40%. C. 30%. D. 80%.Cu 6: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc).Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5)

A. 2,8. B. 1,4. C. 5,6. D. 11,2.Cu 7: Ho tan 6,4 gam Cu bng axit H2SO4 c, nng (d), sinh ra V lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).

Gi tr ca V lA. 4,48. B. 6,72. C. 3,36. D. 2,24.Cu 8: Ho tan m gam Al bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l

A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 5,40. D. 1,35.Cu 9: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l

A. 6,72. B. 4,48. C. 2,24. D. 3,36.Cu 10: Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu c2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l (Cho H = 1, Fe = 56, Cu =64)

A. 6,4 gam. B. 3,4 gam. C. 5,6 gam. D. 4,4 gam.Cu 11: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H2 bay ra. Lngmui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ?

A. 40,5g. B. 45,5g. C. 55,5g. D. 60,5g.Cu 12: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinhra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l

A. 15,6. B. 10,5. C. 11,5. D. 12,3.Cu 13. Cho 1,86 gam hn hp Al v Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d th thu c 560 ml lt kh N2O(ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) bay ra. Khi lng mui nitrat to ra trong dung dch l:

A. 40,5 gam. B. 14,62 gam. C. 24,16 gam. D. 14,26 gam.

DNG 3 : XC NH CNG THCCu 1. Ho tan 2,52 gam mt kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 long d, c cn dung dch thu c 6,84 gammui khan. Kim loi l:

A. Mg. B. Al. C. Zn. D. Fe.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20-


21/44

Cu2. Nhit phn hon ton 3,5 gam mt mui cacbonat kim loi ho tr 2 thu c 1,96 gam cht rn. Muicacbonat ca kim loi dng l:

A. FeCO3. B. BaCO3. C. MgCO3. D. CaCO3.Cu 3. Ho tan hon ton 0,575 gam mt kim loi km vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 25 gamdung dch HCl 3,65%. Kim loi ho tan l:

A. Li. B. K. C. Na. D. Rb.Cu 4. Cho 9,1 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat trung ho ca 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip tan hon tontrong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc). Hai kim loi l:

A. K v Cs. B.Na v K. C. Li v Na. D. Rb v Cs.

Cu 5. Ho tan 1,3 gam mt kim loi M trong 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,3M. trung ho lng axit d cn200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. Xc nh kim loi M?A. Al. B. Fe. C. Zn. D. Mg.

Cu 6. Cho 19,2 gam kim loi (M) tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 4,48 lt kh NO (ktc,sn phm kh duy nht). Kim loi (M) l:

A. Cu. B. Zn. C. Fe. D. Mg.DNG 4: KIM LOI TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI

Cu 1. Ho tan 58 gam CuSO4. 5H2O vo nc c 500ml dung dch CuSO4. Cho dn dn mt st vo 50 mldung dch trn, khuy nh cho ti khi dung dch ht mu xanh th lng mt st dng l:

A. 0,65g. B. 1,2992g. C. 1,36g. D. 12,99g.Cu 2.Ngm mt inh st sch trong 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra khi

dung dch ra nh lm kh nhn thy khi lng inh st tng thm 0,8 gam. Nng mol/lt ca dung dchCuSO4 dng l:

A. 0,25M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,5M.Cu 3.Nhng mt inh st c khi lng 8 gam vo 500ml dung dch CuSO4 2M. Sau mt thi gian ly inh stra cn li thy nng 8,8 gam. Nng mol/l ca CuSO4 trong dung dch sau phn ng l:

A. 0,27M B. 1,36M C. 1,8M D. 2,3MCu 4: Ngm l km trong dung dch cha 0,1 mol CuSO4. Phn ng xong thy khi lng l km:

A. tng 0,1 gam. B. tng 0,01 gam. C. gim 0,1 gam. D. khng thay i.Cu5:Nhng 1 thanh nhm nng 50 gam vo 400ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh nhmra cn nng 51,38 gam. Hi khi lng Cu thot ra l bao nhiu?

A. 0,64gam. B. 1,28gam. C. 1,92gam. D. 2,56gam.DNG 5: NHIT LUYNCu 1: Cho kh CO kh hon ton n Fe mt hn hp gm: FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) thotra. Th tch CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng l

A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 3,36 lt. D. 4,48 lt.Cu 2. kh hon ton 45 gam hn hp gm CuO, FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe v MgO cn dng va 8,4 lt CO (ktc). Khi lng cht rn thu c sau phn ng l:

A. 39g B. 38g C. 24g D. 42g

KIM LOI KIM V HP CHTPHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt .BI 25: KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM.A.KIM LOI KIMI. V tr - cu hnh e ngt :Kloi kim thuc nhm IA,gm Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr. Cu hnh e ngoi cng ns 1

II. Tnh cht vt l: Cc kloi kim c mu trng bc v c nh kim, dn in tt, tonc, tos thp, khilng ring nh, cng thp v chng c mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.III. Tnh cht ha hc: Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ha nh, v vy kim loi kimc tnh kh rt mnh. Tnh kh tng dn t liti n xesi.MM++1e.Trong hp cht, cc kim loi kim c s oxi ha+1.1. Tc dng vi pka/ Vi O2 2Na + O2(kh)Na2O2 4Na+O2(kk)2Na2O

b/ Vi Cl2 2K + Cl22KCl2. Tc dng vi axit 2Na+2HCl2NaCl+H2; 2Na+H2SO4Na2SO4+H23. Tc dng vi H2O 2K+2H2O2KOH+H2

Na nng chy v chy trn mt nc, K bn chy, Rb&Cs p mnh lit.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21-


22/44

KLK tc dng d dng vi H2O nn ngi ta bo qun n trong du ha.IV: ng dng, trng thi t nhin v iu ch1.ng dng : Ch to hp kim c t0nc thp. Hp kim Li-Al dng trong k thut hng khng. Cs lm t

bo quang in2. Trng thi t nhin : tn ti dng hp cht( trong nc bin, silicat, alumiunat)3. iu ch : Kh ion ca KLK thnh KL t do M++eM bng cch pnc mui halogenua ca KLK

2NaCl p n c 2Na+Cl2B.HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM.

I. Natri hidroxit-NaOH(xt n da) l cht rn, khng mu, d nng chy, ht m mnh ta nhiu nhit-NaOH l cht in li mnh: NaOHNa+ + OH-

-NaOH td c vi axit, oxitaxxit, mui*CO2+2NaOHNa2CO3 + H2O CO2+2OH-CO32-+H2O hoc CO2+NaOHNaHCO3*HCl+NaOHNaCl+H2O: H+ + OH-H2O*CuSO4+2NaOHNa2SO4+Cu(OH)2: Cu2+ + 2OH-Cu(OH)2-NaOH Lm x phng, phm nhum, t nhn to,luyn nhm, tinh ch du m.II. Natri hirocacbonat- Na2CO3 l cht rn, mu trng tan nhiu trong nc. nhit thng Na2CO3.10H2O, nhit cao

kt tinh to Na2CO3. Na2CO3 l mui ca axit yu v c nhng tnh cht chung ca mui.- Na2CO3 dng trong cng nghip thy tinh, bt git, phm nhum.III. Kali nitrat: KNO3 l nhng tinh th khng mu, bn trong kk, tan nhiu trong nc. B nhit phn2KNO3

ot 2KNO2+O2; nhit cao KNO3 l cht oxi ha mnh .

2. ng dng : Dng lm phn bn, to thuc n 2KNO3+3C+S ot N2 +3CO2+K2S

PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIMCu 1: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH to kt ta l

A. KNO3. B. FeCl3. C. BaCl2. D. K2SO4.Cu 2: Dung dch lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh l

A.NaCl. B.Na2SO4. C.NaOH. D.NaNO3.

Cu 3: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dchA. KCl. B. KOH. C.NaNO3. D. CaCl2.

Cu 4: Khi nhit phn hon ton NaHCO3 th sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn lA.NaOH, CO2, H2. B.Na2O, CO2, H2O. C.Na2CO3, CO2, H2O. D.NaOH, CO2, H2O.

Cu 5: bo qun natri, ngi ta phi ngm natri trongA. nc. B. ru etylic. C. du ha. D.phenol lng.

Cu6: Mt mui khi tan vo nc to thnh dung dch c mi trng kim, mui lA.Na2CO3. B. MgCl2. C. KHSO4. D.NaCl.

Cu 7: C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht khA. NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H2 B. N2, Cl2, O2, CO2, H2C. NH3, SO2, CO, Cl2 D. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, H2

Cu 8: Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng phpA. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.B. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in ccC. in phn dung dch NaNO3 , khng c mn ngn in ccD. in phn NaCl nng chy

Cu 9: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl2, CuSO4, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH lA. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.

Cu 10: Phn ng nhit phn khng ng lA. 2KNO3 0t 2KNO2 + O2. B.NaHCO3 0t NaOH + CO2.C.NH4Cl 0t NH3 + HCl. D.NH4NO2 0t N2 + 2H2O.

Cu 11: Qu trnh no sau y, ion Na+khngb kh thnh Na?A. in phn NaCl nng chy. B. in phn dung dch NaCl trong ncC. in phn NaOH nng chy. D. in phn Na2O nng chy

Cu 12: Qu trnh no sau y, ion Na+ b kh thnh Na?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22-


23/44

A. Dung dch NaOH tc dng vi dung dch HCl. B. in phn NaCl nng chy.C. Dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl. D. Dung dch NaCl tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3.

Cu 13: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl, cc m xy ra:A. s kh ion Na+. B. S oxi ho ion Na+. C. S kh phn t nc. D. S oxi ho phn t nc

Cu 14: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch KBr, phn ng no sau y xy ra cc dng?A. Ion Brb oxi ho. B. ion Brb kh. C. Ion K+ b oxi ho. D. Ion K+ b kh.

Cu 15: in phn NaCl nng chy vi in cc tr, catt thu cA.Na. B.NaOH. C. Cl2. D. HCl.

Cu16: Trng hp khngxy ra phn ng vi NaHCO3 khi :A. tc dng vi kim. B. tc dng vi CO2. C. un nng. D. tc dng vi axit.

Cu 17: Cho s phn ng: NaHCO3 + X Na2CO3 + H2O. X l hp chtA. KOH B.NaOH C. K2CO3 D. HCl

Cu 18: Cho 0,02 mol Na2CO3 tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th th tch kh CO2 thot ra ( ktc) lA. 0,672 lt. B. 0,224 lt. C. 0,336 lt. D. 0,448 lt.

Cu 19: Trung ho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M bng 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V lA. 400. B. 200. C. 100. D. 300.

Cu 20: Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha 8 gam NaOH, thu c dung dch X.Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23)


Cu 21: in phn mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy thu c 1,792 lt kh (ktc) anot v 6,24 gam kimloi catot. Cng thc ho hc ca mui em in phn l

A. LiCl. B. NaCl. C. KCl. ,D. RbCl.Cu 22: Cho 0,69 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc (d) thu c 0,336 lt kh hiro ( ktc). Kim loikim l (Cho Li = 7, Na = 23, K = 39, Rb = 85)

A. Rb. B. Li. C.Na. D. K.Cu 23: tc dng ht vi dung dch cha 0,01 mol KCl v 0,02 mol NaCl th th tch dung dch AgNO3 1Mcn dng l

A. 40 ml. B. 20 ml. C. 10 ml. D. 30 ml.Cu 24: Cho 6,08 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 8,30 gam hn hp muiclorua. S gam mi hidroxit trong hn hp ln lt l:

A. 2,4 gam v 3,68 gam. B. 1,6 gam v 4,48 gam. C. 3,2 gam v 2,88 gam. D. 0,8 gam v 5,28 gam.Cu 25: Cho 100 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi axit HCl d. Kh thot ra hp th bng 200 gam dung dch NaOH30%. Lng mui Natri trong dung dch thu c l

A. 10,6 gam Na2CO3 B. 53 gam Na2CO3 v 42 gam NaHCO3C. 16,8 gam NaHCO3 D. 79,5 gam Na2CO3 v 21 gam NaHCO3

Cu 26: Cho hn hp cc kim loi kim Na, K ha tan ht vo nc c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh H 2 (ktc).Th tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ha ht mt phn ba dung dch A l

A. 100 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 300 ml. D. 600 ml.Cu 27: Cho 1,15 gam mt kim loi kim X tan ht vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 50 gam dungdch HCl 3,65%. X l kim loi no sau y?

A. K. B.Na. C. Cs. D. Li.Cu 28: Nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c khi cho 3,9 gam Kali tc dng vi 108,2 gam H2O lA. 5,00% B. 6,00% C. 4,99%. D. 4,00%

Cu 29: Ho tan m gam Na kim loi vo nc thu c dung dch X. Trung ho dung dch X cn 100ml dungdch H2SO4 1M. Gi tr m dng l

A. 6,9 gam. B. 4,6 gam. C. 9,2 gam. D. 2,3 gam.Cu 30:Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X.Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l


KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT

BI 26:KIM LOI KIM TH. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIMTHPhn 1- l thuytA. KIM LOI KIM TH

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23-


24/44

I.V tr v cu to :Kim loi kim th thuc nhm IIA, gm Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ra. electron lp nggoicng nS2,II.Tnh cht vt l: Nhit nng chy v nhit si tng i thp. cng c cao hn kim loikim nhng vn thp.Khi lng ring tng i nh,l nhng kim loi nh hn nhm.(tr Ba)II.Tnh cht ho hc:Cc nguyn t kim loi kim c nng lng ion ha tng i nh, v vyKim lo i ki m th c tnh kh manh.Tnh kh tng dn t Be n Ba: MM2+ +2e.Trong cc hp cht , klk th c s oxh l +2.

1/Tc dng vi phi kim: VD: 2Mg + O2

2MgOa) Kim loi kim th kh c H+ trong cc dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 thnh kh H2M + 2H+ M2+ + H2

b) Kim loi kim th kh c N+5 trong HNO3 long xung N-3; S+6 trong H2SO4 c xung S-2.4Mg+10HNO3long 4Mg(NO3)2+NH4NO3+ 3H2O4Mg+50H2SO4 4MgSO4+H2S+ 4H2O3/ Td vi H2O :-Ca,Sr,Ba tc dng vi nc nhit thng thnh dung dch baz Vd : Ca +2 H2O = Ca(OH)2 + H2- Be khng tc dng vi nc. Mg tc dng chm vi nc nhit thng to ra Mg(OH)2,Mg tcdng nhanh vi hi nc nhit cao to thnh MgO: 2Mg +O2=2MgO

B. MT S HP CHT QUAN TRNG CA KIM LOI KIM TH1/ Canxi hiroxit:Ca(OH)2rn ,mu trng , t tan trong nc-dd canxi hiroxit l mt dd baz mnh :Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ +2OH- tc dng vi oxit axit, axit ,mui.

Ca(OH)2+CO2 CaCO3 + H2O Nhn bit CO2-ng dng:ch to to va xy nh,kh chua, ty trng ,kh trng, sx amoniac, clorua vi, vt liu xydng.2/ canxi cacbonat:CaCO3 Cht rn mu trng ,khng tan trong nc-y l mui ca mt axit yu v khng bn,tc dng vi nhiu axit v c v hu c gii phng kh CO2:

CaCO3+ 2HCl CaCl2 +H2O +CO2 CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH Ca(CH3COO)2+H2O+CO2c bit:CaCO3 tan dn trong nc c cha kh CO2 : CaCO3+ H2O +CO2 Ca(HCO3)2

ph n ng x y ra theo 2 chi u :chiu (1) gii thch s xm thc ca nc ma,chiu (2) gii thch sto thnh thch nh trong hang ng.3/Canxi sunphat:CaSO4cht rn mu trng , t tan trong nc.C 3 loi:+ CaSO4 . 2H2O :thch cao sng,bn nhit thng. CaSO4 . H2O :thch cao nung, iu ch bng cchnung thch cao sng.+ CaSO4:thch cao khan, iu ch bng cch nung th ch cao sng nhi t cao h n.+th ch cao nung th ng d ng c t ng,ph n vi t b ng,b b t khi g y x ngII.N C CNG:1/khi nim:-Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu ion Canxi,Magi.

-Nc cha it hoc khng c cha ion Canxi ,magi gi l nc mm.2./phn loi nc cng:-Nc cng tm thi : nc c cha cc mi :Ca(HCO3)2 ,Mg(HCO3)2-Nc cng vnh cu: nc c cha cc mui: CaCl2,MgCl2,CaSO4,MgSO4.-Nc cng ton phn:nc c c tnh tm thi v tnh vnh cu.3/ tc hi ca nc cng:nc cng lm x phng t bt,nu thc phm b lu chin v gim mi v,gytc hi trong cc ngnh sn xut.4/ Cc bin php lm mm nc cng:Nguyn tc:gim nng cation :Ca2+,Mg2+ trong nc cng.*Phng php kt ta:-Vi nc cng tm thi: un si hoc dung Ca(OH)2 hoc Na2CO3 d kt ta ion canxi,magie ,loi bkt ta ta c nc mm: M(HCO3)2 MCO3+CO2 +H2O-Vi nc cng vnh cu: Dung Na2CO3,Na3PO4,Ca(OH)2 d lm mm :

Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 3Ca2+ +2PO43- Ca3(PO4)2Mg2+ + CO32- MgCO3 3Mg2+ +2PO43- Mg3(PO4)2

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24-


25/44

*Phng php trao i ion: Dng cht trao i ion(ht zeolit), hoc nha trao i ion. Nc cng iqua cht trao i ion l cc ht zeolit th ion canxi ,magi c trao i bng nhng ion khc nh H+,Na+

.ta c nc mm.

PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIMCu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA l

A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.Cu 2: Trong bng tun hon, Mg l kim loi thuc nhm

A. IIA. B. IVA. C. IIIA. D. IA.Cu 3: Dy gm cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim lA. Be, Na, Ca. B.Na, Ba, K. C.Na, Fe, K. D.Na, Cr, K.

Cu 4: phn bit hai dung dch KNO3 v Zn(NO3)2 ng trong hai l ring bit, ta c th dng dung dchA. HCl. B.NaOH. C.NaCl. D. MgCl2.

Cu 5: Kim loi khngphn ng vi nc nhit thng lA. Fe. B.Na. C. Ba. D. K.

Cu 6: Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon lA. Sr, K. B.Na, Ba. C. Be, Al. D. Ca, Ba.

Cu7: Cht c th dng lm mm nc cng tm thi lA.NaCl. B.NaHSO4. C. Ca(OH)2. D. HCl.

Cu8: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 to ra kt ta lA.NaOH. B.Na2CO3. C. BaCl2. D.NaCl.Cu 9:Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu cc ion

A. Cu2+, Fe3+. B. Al3+, Fe3+. C.Na+, K+. D. Ca2+, Mg2+.Cu 10: Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l

A.Na2CO3 v HCl. B.Na2CO3 v Na3PO4. C.Na2CO3 v Ca(OH)2. D.NaCl v Ca(OH)2.Cu 11: Nc cng khng gy ra tc hi no di y?

A. Gy ng c nc ung.B. Lm mt tnh ty ra ca x phng, lm h hi qun o.C. Lm hng cc dung dch pha ch. Lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v thc phm.D. Gy hao tn nhin liu v khng an ton cho cc ni hi, lm tc cc ng ng dn nc.

Cu 12: Cho cc hiroxit: NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3. Hiroxit c tnh baz mnh nht lA.NaOH. B. Mg(OH)2. C. Fe(OH)3. D. Al(OH)3.

Cu 13: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng lA.Na2O v H2O. B. dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch MgCl2.C. dung dch AgNO3 v dung dch KCl. D. dung dch NaOH v Al2O3.

Cu 14: Khi dn t t kh CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thy cA.bt kh v kt ta trng. B.bt kh bay ra.C. kt ta trng xut hin. D. kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan dn.

Cu 15: Cho dy cc kim loi: Fe, Na, K, Ca. S kim loi trong dy tc dng c vi nc nhit thng lA. 4. B. 1. C. 2. D. 3.

Cu 16: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 tc dng vi dung dchA. HNO3. B. HCl. C.Na2CO3. D. KNO3.

Cu 17: Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi nc thot ra 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Tn ca kim loikim th l

A. Ba. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Sr.Cu 18: Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO2 v 68,64% CO v th tch i qua 100 gam dung dch Ca(OH)27,4% thy tch ra m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m bng

A. 10 gam. B. 8 gam. C. 6 gam. D. 12 gam.Cu 19: Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO2 vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr caVl: A. 44,8 ml hoc 89,6 ml B. 224 ml C. 44,8 ml hoc 224 ml D. 44,8 mlCu 20: Dn 17,6 gam CO2 vo 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,6M. Phn ng kt thc thu c bao nhiu gam kt

ta? A. 20 gam. B. 30 gam. C. 40 gam. D. 25 gam.Cu 21: Dn V lit CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 25 gam kt ta v dung dch X, un nng dungdch li thu thm c 5 gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca V l

A. 7,84 lit B. 11,2 lit C. 6,72 lit D. 5,6 lit

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25-


26/44

Cu 22: Khi trn ln dung dch cha 0,15 mol NaHCO3 vi dung dch cha 0,10 mol Ba(OH)2, sau phn ng thuc m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr m l (Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = , Ba = 137)

A. 39,40 gam. B. 19,70 gam. C. 39,40 gam. D. 29,55 gam.Cu 23: Ho tan ht 5,00 gam hn hp gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim v mt mui cacbonat ca kimloi kim th bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt CO2(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng s thu c mthn hp mui khan nng

A. 7,800 gam. B. 5,825 gam. C. 11,100 gam. D. 8,900 gam.Cu 24: Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Thtch dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ha dung dch X l

A. 150 ml B. 60 ml C. 75 ml D. 30 mlNHM V HP CHT CA NHM

Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt .A. NHMI. V tr v cu to:Nhm c s hiu nguyn t 13, thuc chu k 3, nhm IIIA, chu k 3 BTH2. Cu to ca nhm: Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p1 hay [Ne]3s23p1 . S oxi ho: +3.II. Tnh cht vt l: Al mu trng bc, mm, d ko si v dt mng, nh (2,7g/cm3), t0nc = 6600C, dnin v nhit tt.III. Tnh cht ha hc:Nhm l kim loi c tnh kh mnh sau kim loi kim v kim th.Al Al3+ + 3e1. Tc dng vi phi kim: Tc dng trc tip v mnh vi nhiu phi kim nh: O2, Cl2, S,2. Tc dng vi axit HCl v H2SO4 long H2:2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 2Al + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2

Vi HNO3 long hoc c nng, H2SO4 c nng th nhm kh5+

N v6+

S xung s oxi ho thp hn.

Al + 4HNO3 long Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O2Al + 6H2SO4 c, nng Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2OVi HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui: khng tc dng .4. Tc dng vi nc.

Nhm c th kh c nc H2: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2

Nhng vt bng nhm c ph mng Al2O3 rt mng, mn, bn nn khng cho nc v kh thm qua.5. Tc dng vi dung dch kim.Nhm tan trong dung dch kim : 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 (dd) + 3H2Hin tng trn c gii thch nh sau:- Mng bo v Al2O3 b ph hy trong dung dch kim: Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2+ 2H2O- Nhm kh nc: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 +3H2-Mng Al(OH)3 b ph hy: Al(OH)3 + NaOH 2NaAlO2 (dd) + 3H2IV. ng dng v sn xut.1. ng dng:Ch to my bay, t, tn la, tu v tr, trang tr ni tht, bt nhm trn bt st( tecmit)dng hn ng ray.

2. Sn xut: Trong cng nghip, nhm c sn xut t qung boxit bng phng php in phn. C 2cng on:Tinh ch qung boxit(Al2O3.2H2O): loi b tp cht SiO2, Fe2O3in phn Al2O3 nngchy( hn hp Al2O3 vi criolit Na3AlF6): 2Al2O3 p n c 4Al + 3O2 B. TMOT SO HP CHAT QUAN TRONG CUA NHOMNHOM OXIT Al2O3 :

1.Ly tnh : Trang thai ran, mau trang, khong tac dung vi nc vaong tan trong nc, t0nc 20500C.2/ Trang thai t nhien: ton tai 2 dang -dang ngam nc: boxit

(Al2O3.nH2O) san xuat nhom-dang khan: emery co o cng cao

dung lam a mai3/ Tnh chat hoa hoc :

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26-


27/44

a. Tnh ben vng: Lc hut gia Al3+ va O2- rat manh tao ra lienket ben vng co t0nc rat cao, kho b kh thanh kim loainhom.b.Tnh lng tnh :- Tnh baz : Al2O3 + 6HCl 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O Al2O3 + 6H+2Al3+ + 3H2O- Tnh axit : Al2O3 + 2 NaOH 2NaAlO2+ 3 H2O Al2O3 + 2OH-2 AlO2-+2H2O3.ng dung : Lam o trang sc, CN ky thuat cao, vat lieu mai ( a

mai ), nguyen lieu san xuat nhom kim loaiII. NHOM HiROXIT Al(OH)3 :1.. Tnh chat vat ly : Chat ran, ket tua keo, mau trang2.. Tnh chat hoa hoca.. Hp chat kem ben : De b phan huy bi nhiet o

OHOOHAl t 2323 3Al)(20

+

b.. La hp chat lng tnh :* Tnh baz : Al(OH)3 + 3 HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3H+Al3+ + 3H2O* Tnh axit :

Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2+ 2H2O Al(OH)3 + OH-AlO2-+2H2OAl(OH)3 la hiroxit lng tnh

III.NHOM SUNFAT :Phen chua K2SO4. Al2(SO4)3 .24H2O. viet gon: KAl(SO4)2.12H2O

Neu thay K+ bang Na+, Li+ hay NH4+muoi kep khac (phen nhom)Phen chua c s dung trong thuoc da, Cn giay, chat cam mau, lam trong nc.

IV: CACH NHAN BIET ION Al3+ TRONG DUNG DCH: Cho t t dung dch NaOHn d, nu c kt ta keo ri kt ta tandung dch c Al3+.Al3+ + 3OH-Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + OH- d AlO2-+2H2OPHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIM

Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Al lA. 4. B. 3. C. 1. D. 2.

Cu 2: Al2O3phn ng c vi c hai dung dch:A.Na2SO4, KOH. B.NaOH, HCl. C. KCl, NaNO3. D.NaCl, H2SO4.

Cu 3: Kim loi Al khngphn ng vi dung dchA.NaOH long. B. H2SO4 c, ngui. C. H2SO4 c, nng. D. H2SO4 long.

Cu 4: nhit thng, kim loi Al tc dng c vi dung dchA. Mg(NO3)2. B. Ca(NO3)2. C. KNO3. D. Cu(NO3)2.

Cu 5: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH lA. Mg(OH)2. B. Ca(OH)2. C. KOH. D. Al(OH)3.

Cu6: phn bit dung dch AlCl3 v dung dch KCl ta dng dung dchA.NaOH. B. HCl. C.NaNO3. D. H2SO4.

Cu7:Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut nhm lA. qung pirit. B. qung boxit. C. qung manhetit. D. qung lmit.

Cu 8: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y?A. Zn, Al2O3, Al. B. Mg, K, Na. C. Mg, Al2O3, Al. D. Fe, Al2O3, Mg.

Cu 9: Kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH lA. Ag. B. Cu. C. Fe. D. Al.

Cu 10: Cht c tnh cht lng tnh lA.NaCl. B. Al(OH)3. C. AlCl3. D.NaOH.

Cu 11: Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO3cAl(NO3)3 + dNO + eH2O.

H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bngA. 5. B. 4. C. 7. D. 6.

Cu 12: Kim loi Al khngphn ng vi dung dchA. H2SO4 c, ngui. B. Cu(NO3)2. C. HCl. D.NaOH.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27-


28/44

Cu 13: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH lA. Al2O3. B. MgO. C. KOH. D. CuO.

Cu 14: Cht khng c tnh cht lng tnh lA.NaHCO3. B. AlCl3. C. Al(OH)3. D. Al2O3.

Cu 15: Phn ng ha hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm?A. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.C. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c nng

Cu 16: Al2O3phn ng c vi c hai dung dch:A. KCl, NaNO3. B.Na2SO4, KOH. C.NaCl, H2SO4. D.NaOH, HCl.

Cu 17:Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra lA. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln. B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.C. ch c kt ta keo trng. D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.

Cu 18: Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch NaAlO2. Hin tng xy ra lA. c kt ta nu . B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta li tan.C. c kt ta keo trng. D. dung dch vn trong sut.

Cu 19:Nhm hidroxit thu c t cch no sau y?A. Cho d dung dch HCl vo dung dch natri aluminat. B. Thi kh CO2 vo dung dch natri aluminat.C. Cho d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. D. Cho Al2O3 tc dng vi nc

Cu 20: Cc dung dch MgCl2 v AlCl3 u khng mu. phn bit 2 dung dch ny c th dng dung dch cacht no sau y?

A.NaOH. B. HNO3. C. HCl. D.NaCl.Cu 21: Cho 2,7 gam Al tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, th tch kh H2( ktc) thot ra l (Cho Al = 27)

A. 3,36 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt.Cu 22: Cho bt nhm tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng bt nhm phn ng l (Cho Al = 27)

A. 2,7 gam. B. 10,4 gam. C. 5,4 gam. D. 16,2 gam.Cu 23: Cho 5,4 gam bt nhm tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon tonthu c V lt kh hiro ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (Cho H = 1, Al = 27)

A. 0,336 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,224 lt.Cu 24: Ho tan m gam Al vo dung dch HNO3 rt long ch thu c hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01mol NO. Gi tr ca m l

A. 8,1 gam. B. 1,53 gam. C. 1,35 gam. D. 13,5 gam.Cu 25: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp Al v Fe trong lng d dung dch H2SO4 long thot ra 0,4 mol kh, cntrong lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,3 mol kh. Gi tr m dng l

A. 11,00 gam. B. 12,28 gam. C. 13,70 gam. D. 19,50 gam.Cu 26: Ha tan hon ton hp kim Al - Mg trong dung dch HCl, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cng chomt lng hp kim nh trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 6,72 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Thnh phn phntrm theo khi lng ca Al trong hp kim l

A. 69,2%. B. 65,4%. C. 80,2%. D. 75,4%.Cu27. Cho dung dch cha 2,8 gam NaOH tc dng vi dung dch cha 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3. Sau phn ngkhi

lng kt ta thu c lCu28: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27)

A. 1,2. B. 1,8. C. 2,4. D. 2.

ST v HP CHTPHN 1. Tm tt l thuyt .

Bai 31 ST1. V tr: Fe thuc 26, Nhm VIIIB, Chu k 4

2. Cu hnh electron nguyn t: Cu hnh electron : 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 hay [Ar] 3d64s2KL: Fe l nguyn t d, c 2 e ngoi cng c th nhng 2e hoc 3e phn lp 4s v 3d tr thnh

ion Fe2+vFe3+. Fe Fe2+ [Ar]3d6 + 2eFe Fe3+ [Ar]3d5 +3e

II. Tnh cht vt l: St l kim loi mu trng, hi xm, do, dai, d rn, KLR ln (D = 7,9 g/cm3), nngchy 1540oC.Dn in, dn nhit tt, c tnh nhim t.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-28-


29/44

III. Tnh cht ha hc: Fe c tnh kh trung bnh- Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha yu, st b oxi ha n s oxi ha +2: Fe Fe+2 + 2e- Khi tc dng vi cht oxi ha mnh, st b oxi ha n s oxi ha +3: Fe Fe+3 + 3e1. Tc dng vi phi kim : nhit cao, st kh nguyn t phi kim thnh ion m v b oxi ha n s

oxi ha +2 hoc +3o

Fe +o

S 0t

2+

Fe

2

S ( st II sunfua) 3o

Fe + 2o

O2 0t

3/8+

Fe 3

2

4

O ( oxit st t)

(FeO. Fe2O3)2

o

Fe +3o

Cl2 0t 2

3+

Fe

1

3

Cl (st III clorua)

2. Tc dng vi axta. Fe kh ion H+ ca dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long thnh H2, Fe b oxi ha n s oxi ha +2.o

Fe + 41

2 SOH+

2+

Fe SO4 +o

H2

b. Fe kh5+

N hoc6+

S trong dung dch HNO3 long hoc H2SO4, HNO3 c, nng n s oxi ha thp

hn, cn Fe b oxi ha n s oxi ha +3o

Fe +4H5+

N O3(l) 3+

Fe (NO3)3+2+

N O+ H2Oo

Fe +6H5+

N O3() 0t

3+

Fe (NO3)3 + 3 ON4+

2 +

3H2O

2o

Fe + 6 46

2 OSH+

() 0t 3+

Fe 2(SO4)3 +4

2

+

SO + 6H2O

Ch :St b th ng vi axt HNO3 c, ngui hoc H2SO4 c, ngui.3.Tc dng vi dung dch mui Fe c th kh ion ca kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha

VD: Fe +2+

Cu SO4 2+

Fe SO4 + Cu

4. Tc dng vi nc- nhit thng, Fe khng kh c nc- nhit cao, Fe kh hi nc to ra H2 v Fe3O4 hoc FeO3Fe + 4H2O < Ct

oo 570 Fe3O4 + 4 H2 Fe + H2O > Ctoo 570 FeO + H2

IV- Trng thi t nhin: St tn ti ch yu dng hp cht trong: qung manhetit (Fe3O4), qunghematit (Fe2O3), qung hematit nu ( Fe2O3.nH2O), qung xirit (FeCO3), qung pirit (FeS2). St c

trong hemoglobin (huyt cu t) ca mu. St t do c trong nhng thin thch.Bi 32: HP CHT CA STI. HP CHT Fe(II): St(II) oxit, St(II) hiroxit, Mui st(II).- Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca Fe(II) l tnh kh(nhng 1e): Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e1/. St (II) oxt: FeO- FeO tan trong dd HNO3 long NO : 3FeO+10HNO3(l) 3Fe(NO3)3+NO+5H2OPhng trnh ion thu gn: 3FeO+NO3- +10H+ 3Fe3++NO+5H2O

- FeO cht rn, en, khng c trong t nhin. iu ch: Fe2O3+

2H

C

c0

50 0 2FeO+CO2

2/. St (II) hiroxit Fe(OH)2- Fe(OH)2 rn mu trng hi xanh, khng tan trong nc. Fe(OH)2 km bn trong khng kh => d b oxiha thnh Fe(OH)3 mu nu : 4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O 4Fe(OH)3- iu ch Fe(OH)2 tinh khit: iu ch trong iu kin khng c khng kh: Fe2+ +2OH- Fe(OH)33/. Mui Fe(II)

- Mui st(II) + cht oxi ha Mui st(III) VD:3

3

22

2

22 eClFCleClF++

+

- Mui st(II) a s tan trong nc, kt tinh dng ngm nc: FeSO4.7H2O , FeCl2.4H2O

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29-


30/44

- iu ch:

2)(O HF e

F e O

F e

+HCl Mui st(II) VD:Fe +2HCl FeCl2+ H2 hoc FeO+H2SO4

FeSO4+H2OII. HP CHT Fe(III) Fe2O3. Fe(OH)3. Cc mui st(III).Tnh cht ha hc c trng ca hp cht Fe(III) l tnh oxi ha (nhn e) Fe3+ +1e Fe2+ hoc Fe3++3e Fe1/. St (III) oxit : Fe2O3 Rn, nu, khng tan trong nc- nhit cao, Fe2O3 b CO hoc H2 kh mnhFe2O3+Al c a ot0 Al2O3+Fe Fe2O3+ 3CO c aot0 2Fe+3CO2- Trong t nhin: di dng qung hmatit dng luyn gang- Fe2O3 l 1 oxit baz => tan trong axit mnh mui Fe(III)Fe2O3+6HCl 2FeCl3+3H2O* iu ch: 2Fe(OH)3

0t Fe2O3+3H2O2/. Fe(OH)3 rn, nu, khng tan trong nc. Fe(OH)3 tan trong axit mnh mui Fe(III)

2Fe(OH)3+3H2SO4

Fe2(SO4)3+ 6H2O*iu ch:Fe3++3OH- Fe(OH)33/Mui Fe(III): Cc mui Fe(III) a s tan trong nc. Kt tinh thng dng ngm nc. FeCl3.6H2O,Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O

*Mui st (III)+ KL Mui Fe(II) VD:2

20

3

3

32 eClFeFeClF++

+

Oxi ha kh 2

2

2

20

3

3

22 uClCeClFuCeClF+++

++

* FeCl3 dng lm cht xc tc trong tng hp hu cBI 33: HP KIM CA STI. GANG.

1. Khi nim gang: Gang l hp kim ca St vi Cacbon trong c t 2-5% khi lng Cacbon ngoira cn c mt lng nh cc nguyn t Si, Mn, S. . .2. Phn loi gang: c 2 loi:- Gang xm( cha cacbon) Dng c b my, ng dn nc, cnh ca. . .- Gang trng Cha t cacbon hn v Cacbon ch yu dngxementit( Fe3C), dng luyn thp.3. Sn xut gang:a.Nguyn tc: Kh qung st oxyt bng than cc trong l cao.

b.Nguyn liu:Qung st oxyt( Hematit : Fe2O3). Than cc, cht chy( CaCO3 hoc SiO2).c. Cc phn ng xy ra:* Phn ng to cht kh CO: C + O2 CO2 CO2 + C 2CO* Phn ng kh st oxyt: (1) 3Fe2O3 + CO = CO2 + 3Fe3O4

(2) Fe3O4 + CO = 3CO2 + FeO(3) FeO + CO = CO2 + Fe

* Phn ng to x: CaCO3 CaO + CO2 CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3( Canxi Silicat)II. THP.

1. Khi nim thp: Thp l hp kim ca ca st cha t 0.012% khi lng cacbon cng vi mts nguyn t khc( Si, Mn, Cr, Ni. . .)

2. Phn loi thp:*Thp thng( Thp cacbon). Thp mm: (cha < 0.1% C).Thp cng: ( cha >0.9% C).

*Thp c bit:- Thp cha 13% MnRt cng Dng lm my nghin .- Thp cha 20% Cr v 10% NiRt cng Dng lm dng c gia nh.- Thp cha 18% W v 5% CrRt cng Dng lm my nghin . . .

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30-


31/44

3. Sn xut thp:* Nguyn tc: Gim hm lng cc tp cht C. Si, S, Mn. . . .c trong Gang bng cch oxy ha cc chtd thnh oxyt ri bin thnh x v tch ra khi thp.* Cc phng php luyn thp: a. Phng php Bet-x-me. b. Phng php Mac-tanh c. Phng phpl in.PHN 2. CU HI TRC NGHIMCu 1: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe2+? A. [Ar]3d6. B. [Ar]3d5. C. [Ar]3d4. D. [Ar]3d3.Cu 2: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l

A. hematit nu. B. manhetit. C. xierit. D. hematit .Cu 3: Hai dung dch u phn ng c vi kim loi Fe l

A. CuSO4 v ZnCl2. B. CuSO4 v HCl. C. ZnCl2 v FeCl3. D. HCl v AlCl3.Cu 4: Cho st phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c mt cht kh mu nu . Cht kh l

A.NO2. B.N2O. C.NH3. D.N2.Cu 5: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc).Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5)

A. 2,8. B. 1,4. C. 5,6. D. 11,2.Cu 6: Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HNO3 long d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 0,448 ltkh NO duy nht ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5)

A. 11,2. B. 0,56. C. 5,60. D. 1,12.Cu 7. Bao nhiu gam clo tc dng va kim loi st to ra 32,5 gam FeCl3?A. 21,3 gam B. 14,2 gam. C. 13,2 gam. D. 23,1 gam.

Cu 8: Cho mt t bt st nguyn cht tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 560 ml mt cht kh (ktc). Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO4 th thu c m gam mt chtrn. Gi tr m l A. 1,4 gam. B. 4,2 gam. C. 2,3 gam. D. 3,2 gam.Cu 9: Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dungdch HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,12 lt. B. 2,24 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 3,36 lt.Cu 10: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H2 bay ra. Lng

mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ?A. 40,5 gam. B. 45,5 gam. C. 55,5 gam. D. 60,5 gam.Cu 11. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d ta thu c 8,96 lit(kc) hn hp kh X gm 2 kh NO v

NO2 c t khi hi hn hp X so vi oxi bng 1,3125. Gi tr ca m lA. 0,56 gam. B. 1,12 gam. C. 11,2 gam. D. 5,6 gam.

Cu 12: Phn hy Fe(OH)3 nhit cao n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn lA. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe3O4. D. Fe(OH)2.

Cu 13: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dchA.NaOH. B.Na2SO4. C.NaCl. D. CuSO4.

Cu 14: Dy gm hai cht ch c tnh oxi ho lA. Fe(NO3)2, FeCl3. B. Fe(OH)2, FeO. C. Fe2O3, Fe2(SO4)3. D. FeO, Fe2O3.

Cu 15: Cho s chuyn ho: Fe X FeCl3 Y

Fe(OH)3 (mi mi tn ng vi mt phn ng). Hai cht X, Y lnlt l

A. HCl, NaOH. B. HCl, Al(OH)3. C.NaCl, Cu(OH)2. D. Cl2, NaOH.Cu 16: Hp cht st (II) sunfat c cng thc l

A. FeSO4. B. Fe(OH)3. C. Fe2O3. D. Fe2(SO4)3.Cu 17: St c th tan trong dung dch no sau y?

A. FeCl2 . B. FeCl3. C. MgCl2. D. AlCl3.Cu 18: Hp cht no sau y ca st va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh?

A. FeO. B. Fe2O3. C. Fe(OH)3. D. Fe(NO3)3.Cu 19:Nhn nh no sau y sai?

A. St tan c trong dung dch CuSO4. B. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl3.C. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl2. D. ng tan c trong dung dch FeCl3.

Cu 20: Cht c tnh oxi ho nhng khng c tnh kh lA. Fe. B. Fe2O3. C. FeCl2. D. FeO.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31-


32/44

Cu 21: Cho phn ng: a Fe + b HNO3 c Fe(NO3)3 + d NO + e H2OCc h s a, b, c, d, e l nhng s nguyn, n gin nht. Th tng (a+b) bng

A. 3. B. 6. C. 4. D. 5.Cu 22: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl2, CuSO4, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l

A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.Cu 23: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l

A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.Cu 24: Kh hon ton 16 gam Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Kh i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dungdch Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng kt ta thu c l

A. 15 gam B. 20 gam. C. 25 gam. D. 30 gam.Cu:25 Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sauphn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l

A. 3,81 gam. B. 4,81 gam. C. 5,81 gam. D. 6,81 gam.Cu 26: Cho 32 gam hn hp gm MgO, Fe2O3, CuO tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch H2SO4 2M. Khilng mui thu c l A. 60 gam. B. 80 gam. C. 85 gam. D. 90 gam.Cu 27: Ha tn 10 gam hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng dd HCl thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch A. Chodung dch A tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng ic cht rn c khi lng l:

A. 11,2 gam. B. 12,4 gam. C. 15,2 gam. D. 10,9 gam.Cu 28: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56)

A. 40. B. 80. C. 60. D. 20.

CRM v HP CHTPhn 1. Tm tt l thuyt .A. CROM1. V tr ca - Cu to:Crom thuc 24, nhm VIB, chu k 4.Cu hnh electron:Cr (Z=24): 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 Hay [Ar]3d54s1II. TNH CHT VT L: Crom c mu trng bc, rt cng, kh nng chy (tnc = 1890oC).Crom l kim

loi nng, D = 7,2g/cm3

.III. TNH CHT HA HC: Crom l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st km hn km, s oxi ha t+1 n +6( thng gp l +2, +3, +6).1. Tc dng vi phi kim

- nhit thng Crom ch tc dng vi Flo, bn trong kk v c lp3

3

2OCr

+

bo v.

- nhit cao, crom kh nhiu phi kim: oxi, clo, lu hunh,0

Cr4 + 3O2 ot

3

3

2OCr2

+ 0

Cr2 + 3Cl2 ot

3

3

ClCr2+ 0

Cr4 + 3S ot

3

3

22 SCr

+

2. Tc dng vi nc: Cr khng tc dng vi H2O3.Tc dng vi axit HCl, H2SO4 long nng mui Cr(II) nu khng c kk v kh H2:

0

Cr + 2HCl 22

ClCr+

+ H2

Ch : Tng t nhm,crom khng tc dng vi axit HNO3 v H2SO4 c, ngui.V. SN XUT

Qung cromit FeO.Cr2O3 oxit crom Cr2O3 Cr ( tinh khit 97 99%):Cr2O3 + 2Al

ot 2Cr + Al2O3

B. MT S HP CHT CA CROMII.Hp cht crom(III).1.Crom(III) oxit: Cr2O3 l cht rn ,mu lc lc thm, khng tan trong nc.

Cr2O3: l oxt lng tnh tan trong axt v kim c.2.Crom(III) hiroxit Cr(OH)3 l cht rn , mu lc xm ,khng tan trong nc ..iu ch: CrCl3+3NaOHCr(OH)3+3NaCl.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32-

nhitnhm

tch


33/44

Cr(OH)3 : hiroxit lng tnh . Cr(OH)3+ NaOHNaCrO2+2H2O Cr(OH)3 +3HClCrCl3+3H2O

Tnh axit Natricromit Tnh baz3.Mui crom(III): c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh.Trong mi trng axt mui Cr(III) d b khmui Cr(II) 2Cr+3 + Zn02Cr+2 + Zn+2

(c.oxh) (c.k)Trong mi trng kim mui Cr(III) b oxi ha thnh mui Cr(VI).2Cr+3+3Br20+16OH-2CrO4-2+16Br-

+8H2O

III.Hp cht Crom(VI).1.Crom(VI) oxt CrO3l cht rn , mu thm .-L oxt axt tc dng vi nc 2axit: CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 (axt cromic)

2CrO3+H2O H2Cr2O7(axit icromic)CrO3 c tnh oxi ha rt mnh ,mt s cht v c v hu c (S,C,P,NH3, C2H5OH) bc chy khi tipxc vi CrO3 Cr2O3 Vd:2CrO3 + 2 NH3 Cr2O3 +N2 + 3H2O2.Mui Cromat v icromat.Mui Cromat CrO42-(mu vng) v mui icromat Cr2O72-(mu da cam) u c tnh oxi ha mnh.Trong mi trng a

Phuong phap giai nhanh hưu cơ

Documents

Transcript of Phuong phap giai nhanh hưu cơ