Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
-
Upload
angel-canales-alvarez -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
0
Transcript of Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
1/38
3D Characterization, Analysis and
Simulation of Multiphase Particulate
Systems in Mineral Processing Using X-ray Computed Tomography
J.D. Miller
Chair and Ivor Thomas Distinguished Professor
Department of Metallurgical EngineeringCollege of Mines and Earth Sciences
University of Utah
Lima, Peru, October 2012
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
2/38
Development of X-ray Tomography
Instrumentation Development Year Resolution
Milli Scanner Translate/Rotate, 1st - 6th
generation, Medical field
1971- ~ 1 mm
Micro Scanner Algorithm,
Microfocus X-ray source
Cone Beam Geometry
1984
1995- ~10 mm
HR Micro
Scanner
Improved detector,
Advanced X-ray optics
2000s ~1 mm
Nano Scanner Monochromatic source,
Higher photon flux
2010s ~50 nm
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
3/38
X-Ray Tube
Imaging
Detector
X-Ray Beam
Specimen
Positioning
Stage
Cone Beam MicroCT - Installed 2000
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
4/38
Early Applications of X-ray
Tomography in Mineral Processing
1987 Sedimentation and Flocculation Somasundaran et al.
Powder Technology
1990 Applications in Mineral Processing Miller, Lin, Cortes
Miner. Process. &Extrac. Metal. Review
1991 Coal Washability Lin et al.
Coal Preparation
1996 Swirl Flow in ASH Flotation Das and Miller,IJMP
1996 Cone Beam Microtomography for
3D Mineral Liberation Analysis
Lin and Miller,
IJMP
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
5/38
Research Group at the University of Utah,~2008
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
6/38
Multiphase Particulate Systems
X-ray Computed Tomography (CT)
The analysis of individual particles
with spatial resolution in 3D has been
difficult. Only recently have we beenable to spatially resolve particle size,
shape, and composition in 3D using x-
ray tomography.
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
7/38
Projection
3D View
Slice
Views
Conventional
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
8/38
Phase Differentiation by X-Ray CT
Mineral
Name
Formula Mass Density
(g/cm3)m (cm
-1)
Quartz
Calcite
MagnetiteRutile
SiO2CaCO3
Fe3O4TiO2
2.65
2.71
5.204.25
0.448
0.530
1.6200.955
2.3
8.3
.E
bZam
i
ii ZfZ8.38.3
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
9/38
Particle Properties
Geometric Features - Size,Shape, Surface Area
Density, Porosity, DamageCompositionExposure,
Texture, Liberation
Pore Network Structures
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
10/38
High Resolution XMT-Installed 2009
Source Detector
Sample Stage
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
11/38
High Resolution X-ray Micro CT
Analysis of packed particle beds containing
as many as 60,000 particles can be
accomplished in less than 3 hours withspecial software to establish the 3D
characteristics of each particle in the
sample population. Such data corresponds
to 1 Gbyte of tomographic information.
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
12/38
Particle Separation (Watershed)Rougher Feed (45x25 mm)
HRXMT Watershed Segmentation
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
13/38
Critical Factors in the Development of High
Resolution X-ray Tomography Systems
X-ray Source / Optics
Detector Sensitivity
Computer Capacity
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
14/38
Mineral Processing Applications
Comminution
Exposure/Liberation
Heap Leaching
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
15/38
Comminution
Damage of Particles in Specified Size ClassFraction of particles with cracks
Crack density
Specific crack surface area Grain Boundary Fracture
Increased liberation
Loss of interfacial area
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
16/38
Damage-Isolation of Crack Surfaces
(Copper Ore , 2.00x0.85 mm)
Green
surface Pink
cracks + pores
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
17/38
Percent of Damaged Particles (4.75x2.00 mm) for
Different Crushing Methods (voxel resolution = 40 mm)Crushing
Method
Extent of Damage
(% of Particles Cracked)
Oxide Copper
Ore
Sulfide Copper
Ore
Feed 14 20
Jaw 14 23
Low HPGR 37 51
Medium HPGR 44 69
High HPGR 79 84
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
18/38
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
19/38
Nano CT Image-Copper Sulfide Ore(0.15x0.038 mm, voxel resolution = 130 nm)
Crack width = 0.29 mm
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
20/38
Grain Boundary Fracture
Conservation of interfacial area after crushing is
indicative of trans-granular random breakage. On
the other hand, if interfacial area is diminished
after breakage some degree of preferential grain
boundary fracture has occurred. For completeliberation of all grains after crushing the
interfacial area goes to zero. Thus the interfacial
area criterion is an important metric to assess the
significance of preferential grain boundaryfracture for different breakage conditions.
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
21/38
Volume : 8.24 mm3
Interfacial Area :
0.2522 mm2/mm3
Grain Boundary Fracture
Compression
+500 mm 500x350 mm 350x250 mm 250x180 mm 180x125 mm
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
22/38
Specific Interfacial Area Ratio vs Energy
Dissipation Rate
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0E+00 2.0E-05 4.0E-05 6.0E-05 8.0E-05
Power (W)
S
pecificinterfacia
larearatio
(mm
2/mm
3)
Energy Dissipation Rate (W)
Garcia, Lin, Miller, Minerals Engineering 22 (2009) 236
243
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
23/38
Mineral Processing Applications
Comminution
Exposure/Liberation
Heap Leaching
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
24/38
Liberation Limited Grade/Recovery Curves
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Recovery (%)
Grade(%)
Complete Liberation
NoLiberation
Increased
Liberation
(Each Particle of Uniform Composition, Grade =20%)
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
25/38
Liberation Limited Grade/Recovery Curves
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
26/38
Texture Analysis and Flotation Kinetics
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
27/38
Mineral Processing Applications
Comminution
Exposure/Liberation
Heap Leaching
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
28/38
Heap Leaching
Zaldvar, Chile
LeachSoution
HostRock
Copper
Mineral
Optimization of the Heap
Leaching recoveries requires abetter understanding of the
variables involved (exposure,
permeability, kinetics, etc.)
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
29/38
Heap Leaching Research
Mineral
Exposure
Rate of
Chemical
Reactions
Fluid Flow in
Packed
Particle Beds
PSD
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
30/38
Mineral Exposure Analysis
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
31/38
Exposure vs Particle Size
Miller et al. Int. J. Miner. Process. 72 (2003) 331340
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
32/38
Predicted Copper Recovery from Exposure Analysis
vs. Results from 1.5 m Column Experiments
Miller et al. Int. J. Miner. Process. 72 (2003) 331
340
Ch i Hi h D i Mi l G i
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
33/38
Changes in High Density Mineral Grains
Lin, Garcia, J.D. Miller Symposium, 2005
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
34/38
Leaching - Column Tests
Input
Output
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
35/38
CT Analysis of Packed Column
Si l ti f Fl Th h P k d C l
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
36/38
Simulation of Flow Through Packed Column
Using Lattice Boltzmann Model
Before Column Leaching (full column)
Sim lation of Flo Thro gh Packed Col mn
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
37/38
Simulation of Flow Through Packed Column
Using Lattice Boltzmann Model
After Column Leaching (full column)
-
7/27/2019 Peru 3D Character XMT 2012
38/38
Summary
Advanced instrumentation and accompanying
software for x-ray tomography analysis haveallowed for a more complete description of
multiphase particulate systems so important to
achieve significant improvements in mineral
processing technology.
As a consequence, appropriate education and
training of young scientists and engineers in this
area is necessary in order to prepare current studentswith advanced skills for future development and
applications in our profession.