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K.12 RP 2015-2016

Utility

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Utility Unit:

supporting unit in the plant

preparing, supplying, and distributing sup

materials needed for the plant

Supporting materials to handle:

1.Steam

2.Water3.Electricity

4.uel

!."efrigerant

#.$Waste treatment%

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Estimation of supporting materialssupplied by Utility UnitSteam:

&here are t'o (inds of steam uthe chemical plants:

a%superheated steam ) for rea

and for turbine po'erb%saturated steam ) for heating

&hey are both supplied at 1**+'ith allo'ance of 1*2*+

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Water

&he use of 'ater in the chemical plan

-rocess ooling

/oiler feed

0omesti(

-rocess

mount of 'ater for reaction, s

absorber, etc

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ooling

0epend on the cooling system, once through or recirculati

nce through system: supplied at 1**+ and 1*2*+ allo'

"ecirculation system: supplied only for cooling 'ater lost

to'er. ooling 'ater lost at cooling to'er can be estimated as:

Eaporation loss, We *.***5! Wc$&1) &2%

0rift loss, Wd *.1*.2+ Wc

/lo' do'n, Wb

- Wc circulated 'ater, 'ith unit of or for W, consisten

- &1and &2 cooling 'ater temperature at inlet and out

to'er in 6.

- cycles , usually cycles used is 3!.

Estimation by 7urita, cooling 'ater lost in cooling to'er a

1+ for eery !.56 temperature drop.

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/oiler feed

0epend on the use of the steam

a%Steam for reactant $superhsteam% ) supplied at 1**+ rateallo'ance of 1*2*+.

b%Steam for heating $satusteam% and8or for tu$superheated steam% ) suponly for /W ma(e up due to

losses in the steam traps and

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0omestic0omesti( 'ater usage

ces

;aboratory

-ublic facilities

aybe 1 pile $1! ltr% a day, or 1 ?errican $2! ltr% a day

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-ublic facilities

antine

>usholla

antine:

0epend on the amount of customer. &he labothe facility may be of @!+ of total labour.

Each person may need 'ater at ! ltr a day.

>usholla:

0epends on the amount of labour using the

&his might be estimated at @!+ of total labothe need of 1* ltr er erson a da .

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Electricity

>otor: pump, coneyor, elcompressor, blo'er, fan, apparatus, crusher, grinder, mills, setc

Cllumination: degree of illumi

illumination area, type of lamp$home 'or(: electricity needeilluminate control room, housingsplant area%

Cnstrumentation and control s

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uel

Energy conersion 9 efficiency

or boiler, D 5*+ or generator, D

D 2!+, gas fuel

D 3!+, liuid fuelD 3!+, solid fuel $coal%

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"efrigerant $home 'or(% "ate of refrigerant recycled: , , , etc., conertei.e. Rf

0etermination of the amount of refrigerarefrigerator:

ssume 1 cycle, i.e. 1! mins

mount of refrigerant in a refrigerator racycle $1!% (g

"efrigerant is recycled 9 some lea(ings

;ea(ing by time: 1**+ at serice life $i.e. 2* yr

Supply