Periglacialne oblike
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Transcript of Periglacialne oblike
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Prvi začetki preučevanja teh pojavov že med obema svetovnima
vojnama, hitrejši razcvet po 2. svetovni vojni, npr. na Poljskem (Alfred
Jahn, Jan Dylik), v Nemčiji (Hans Poser, Julius Büdel, Carl Troll),
Kanadi, Rusiji.
Preučevanja arktičnih območij, zlasti po 1950; v zadnjih letih hitro
narašča pomen teh preučevanj zaradi učinkov globalnega spreminjanja
podnebja.
Preučevanje fosilnih pojavov na robnih območjih pleistocenske
poledenitve tudi v Sloveniji (A. Melik, Kraška polja v pleistocenu; M.
Šifrer – periglacialni nanosi na Pohorju in v Škofjeloškem hribovju)
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Razvanje – fluvioperiglacialni vršaj
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Blizu Peskov – periglacialni material
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PERIGLACIAL – PERIGLACIALEN
Iz gr. peri = ob, okrog + lat. glacialis = leden
Izraz 1909 uvedel W. Łoziński za tip podnebja in z njim povezane
geomorfne oblike na obrobju kontinentalne poledenitve.
Pozneje razširitev pojma na vsa območja s hladnim podnebjem, procese in
pojave, ki se tam pojavljajo.
Danes pomeni:
- procesi in oblike na trajno zamrznjenih tleh (permafrost)
- procesi in oblike na robu ledenikov
- z mrazom in zmrzaljo povezani procesi in oblike nad zgornjo gozdno
mejo
- takšni pojavi drugod
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PERIGLACIALNO OKOLJE
- malo rastja (tundra, planinske trate, golo skalnato površje)
- dolgotrajno in močno zamrzovanje in odtaljevanje
- prisotnost snega
- zmrzalno preperevanje prevladujoče
Velike razlike med oceanskim (humidnim) in celinskim (sušnim)
periglacialnim okoljem
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PERMAFROST –
trajno zamrznjena tla
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Leča permafrosta (Coppermine River,
NW Territories, Kanada)
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GLAVNI PROCESI IN OBLIKE
1. zmrzalno preperevanje (grušč)
2. sortiranje (poligonalna tla)
3. zmrzalno dviganje in premikanje (premikanje delcev v smeri navzdol – od največjih blokov do drobnih delcev)
4. soliflukcija (tečenje tal)
5. krioturbacija (tečenje in mešanje gradiva)
6. krioplanacija (uravnavanje površja)
7. nivacija (nastajanje kotanj)
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Tosc – zmrzalno preperevanje
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Dolina Besnice – zmrzalno preperevanje
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Dolina Besnice – ledene iglice
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Poligonalna tla (Ferski otoki)
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Poligonalna tla (Schefferville,
Québec)
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Poligonalna tla (j. od Prudhoe Bay, Aljaska)
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Tosc – poligonalna tla
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Kanin – poligonalna tla
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Dobrač – tufurji
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Palsa (Karlebotn, Finnmark, Finska)
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Palsa (na obali Laptevovega morja, Rusija)
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Pingo (Tuktoyaktuk, Kanada)
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Tosc – zmrzalno premikanje grušča
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Grintovec – kamniti tok
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Tauernbach (Hochtor)
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Tauernbach (Hochtor)
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Tauernbach (Hochtor)
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Vajnež – potujoča skala
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Golica – recentna geliflukcija
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Lipnica – soliflukcijske stopničke
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Obir – soliflukcijske stopničke
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Grintovec – soliflukcijske terasice
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Begunjščica – soliflukcija
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Begunjščica – soliflukcija
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Geliflukcija (Severna stran, Aljaska)
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Blegoš – krionivacijska kotanja
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Begunjščica – zametek
krionivacijske kotanje
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Kranjska reber – krioplanacijska uravnava
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Tiho jezero – nivacijska kotanja
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Krnica Jezerc
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Golica – Velika krnica
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Golica (Steinschober) – skale na grebenu
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Golica (Steinschober) – krioplanacijska uravnava
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Jezerc (Pohorje) – kamniti tok
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Jezerc (Pohorje) – skala na kamnitem toku
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Golica – blockmeer v Veliki krnici
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Golica – blockmeer v Veliki krnici
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Rock glacier – Gilpin Peak (Kolorado)
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Rock glacier – Wrangell Mountains (Aljaska)
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Golica (Speicksee) – za ledeniško ali
nivacijsko moreno?
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Tauernbach (Hochtor)
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Nivacijska morena pod zahodno steno Planjave
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Triglavski podi - kotlič
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Žamboh – greben s skalami
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Žamboh – skale na grebenu