Perfect Score Bio 2011 q SPM

BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH

DAN SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN

MODUL PERFECT SCORE SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH

TAHUN 2011

Panel Penyedia:

PN. HASIMAH BT AZIT – SEKOLAH SERI PUTERI CYBERJAYA.

DATIN NORIDAH BT YANGMAN- SM SAINS TUNGKU SYED PUTRA, PERLIS.

PN MAZINAH BT MUDA – SM SAINS TENGKU MUHAMMAD FARIS PETRA, KELANTAN.

TN HJ OTHMAN BIN HJ HASSAN – SM SAINS MUAR, JOHOR.

PN ZALINA BT MOHAMED – KOLEJ ISLAM SULTAN ALAM SHAH, SELANGOR.

BIOLOGY

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY 2011

1

BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN

SEKOLAH KLUSTER

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY

2011 Student’s Module

PREPARED BY:

1. PN HASIMAH BT AZIT – SEKOLAH SERI PUTERI CYBERJAYA.

2. DATIN NORIDAH BT YANGMAN – SM SAINS TUANKU SYED PUTRA, PERLIS.

3. PN MAZINAH BT MUDA - SM SAINS TENGKU MUHAMMAD FARIS PETRA,

KELANTAN.

4. TN HJ OTHMAN BIN HJ HASSAN – SM SAINS MUAR, JOHOR.

5. PN ZALINA BT MOHAMED – KOLEJ ISLAM SULTAN ALAM SHAH, KLANG.


2

Paper 2 – Section A:

Structural Questions Marks Student notes

1. Diagram 1.1 shows a somatic cell of an insect undergoing meiosis.

(a) Label Q, R and S in Diagram 1.1. [3 marks]

(b) In the space below draw chromosome behaviour during metaphase I and metaphase II.

[2 marks]

Metaphase I Metaphase II

1(a)

1(b)

Q: ………………

R:…………………

S:…………….......

Process X

Diagram 1.1


3

(c) Explain how the process X involves in producing variation in organisms.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

Diagram 1.2 shows the formation of an ovum.

(d)(i) What are process M and N?

M :………………………………………………………………………………….

N :…………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

(d)(ii) Describe the process that occurs if a sperm present at process N.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

1(c)

Diagram 1.2

1(d)(i)

1(d)(ii)

M

N

Primary oocyte (2n)

Oogonium (2n)

First polar body (n) Secondary oocyte (n)

Second polar body (n)

Ovum (n)


4

2.

Diagram 2 shows the digested food is being carried from small intestine to the liver and body cell.

(a)(i) Name process X at the villus.

………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

(ii) Explain ONE adaptation of the villus for the process in (a)(i).

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

(b) Vessel P and Q transport digested food from the villi to the liver and body cells respectively. Name vessel P and vessel Q. P :……………………………………………………………………………………

Q: ………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

2(a)(i)

2(b)

Diagram 2

2(a)(ii)


5

(c) Explain what happens to the excessive amino acids in the liver?

……………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

(d) Digested food are used by the body cells for growth, to form complex compounds or structural components. State how lipids, amino acid and glucose are used in the cell.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

(e) Explain what will happen to a person if his liver receives insufficient insulin from the pancreas. ………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

3.

Diagram 3 shows the structure of respiratory system in human.

2(c)

2(d)

2(e)

Bronchus

P

Blood capillary

Cells

Alveolus

Diagram 3


6

(a) Based on Diagram 3, explain one adaptation of alveolus for efficient gases exchange. ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(b)(i)

Name P

………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 marks]

(b)(ii) Explain the role of P to prevent dirt and bacteria from entering the alveolus.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

(c)(i)

On Diagram 3, draw labelled arrow ( ) to show the direction of

Blood flow

Oxygen diffusion

Carbon dioxide diffusion [3 marks]

Blood flow= arrow from blood capillary to other side of blood capillary Oxygen diffusion = arrow from alveolus to blood capillary // arrow from blood capillary to cells Carbon dioxide diffusion = arrow from blood capillary to alveolus // from cells to blood capillary

(c)(ii) Explain why the diffusion of oxygen occur at the alveolus.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

(d) A hard mass of food passing down the oesophagus might indirectly interrupt the air supply to lung by pressing on P. Explain how P overcome this problem.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

3(a)

3(b)(i)

3(b)(ii)

3(c)(i)

3(c)(ii)

3(d)


7

Structural Questions Marks Student notes

4. Diagram 4.1 shows a cross section of a leaf. .

Diagram 4.1

(a)(i) On Diagram 4.1 label the structures P and Q. [2 marks]

(a)(ii) Explain the stage of cell organization of the leaf .

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

(b)(i) Q are important structure in plant transport system. Explain how structure Q in the leaf help in plant transportation.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(b)(ii) Name the process occurs in (b)(i).

..................................................................................................................... [1 marks]

P: ________________

Q: _______________

__________________

____

4(a)(i)

4(a)(ii)

4(b)(i)

4(b)(ii)


8

Diagram 4.2 shows a longitudinal section of structure Q.

(b)(iii)

On Diagram 4.2 label the structures R and S.

[2 marks]

(c) R plays an important role in helping S in the plant transportation. Predict what happen to the plant if structure R is not presence ?

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

Diagram 4.3 (a) and 4.3 (b) shows a student removed the ring bark from the branch of a woody plant.

S:…………………

…

….……___________

__

R: ……………….

____________

Diagram 4.2

Diagram 4.3(a) Diagram 4.3(b)

4(b)(iii))

4(c)

4(b)(iii))


9

(d)

Predict the effect of removing the ring bark from the branch. Explain your answer.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

5.

Diagram 5 shows three types of neurones in the human body.

(a) Name neurone P and neurone Q.

P: ......……………………………………………………………………………..

Q :...………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

(b)(i) Name structure X.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(b)(ii) Explain how the transmission of nerve impulse across the X.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

[3 marks]

(c) Describe the pathway in the reflex action involved the three neurons above. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..[3 marks]

Diagram 5

4(d)

5 (a)

5 (b)(i)

5 (b)(ii)

5 (c)

P

Q

R

X


10

(d)

Based on the above statement describe how endocrine system is involved in the ‘fight and flight’ situation. ……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

6.

Diagram 6 .1 shows a part of human brain, kidney and a nephron which involve in the process of osmoregulation.

(a) What is the function of kidney in osmoregulation ?

……………………………………………………………………………………..

...………………………………………………………………………………....

[2 marks]

A dog suddenly barks and chases you. Your heartbeat increases and your palms become sweaty. You feel so scared and run away.

Diagram 6.1

5 (d)

6(a)


11

(b)(i) Individual Y drinks excessive water. What happen to the blood osmotic pressure in his body?

…………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 1 mark ]

(b)(ii) Explain how hypothalamus and gland M response to the condition in (b)(i) ?

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks]

(c) If individual Y eating a very salty food, the adrenal gland will release less hormone Q . What is hormone Q and explain how hormone Q involved in the mechanism to restore the osmotic pressure of the blood back to normal levels. …………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 3 marks ]

(d) Explain what happen to the filtrate that flows from glomerulus to collecting duct? ……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

6(b)(i)

6(b)(ii)

6(c)

6(d)


12

Kidney function may be impaired by excessive blood loss, certain poisons or infectious diseases which can lead to kidney failure. Diagram 6.2 shows a haemodialysis machine which can save a kidney patient’s life.

(e) Explain how the machine operates.

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 3 marks ]

Diagram 6.2

6(e)


13

7. Diagram 7 shows the changes of four type of hormone which control the menstrual cycle and follicle development in the ovaries.

(a) Based on Diagram 7, name the hormone labelled P and R. P : ..............................................................................................................

R : ..............................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(b) Complete the follicle development in boxes L and N in Diagram 7.

[2 mark]

(c) Based on Diagram 7, explain the relationship between structure M and the level of hormone S. .....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

[3 marks]

Diagram 7

7(a)

7(b)

7(c)

L M N


14

(d) If fertilisation occurred, the level of hormones S is maintained and the pregnancy is proceed. Explain the importance of hormone S. .....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................... [3 marks]

(e) If the sperm counts of a husband is too low, artificial insemination can be carried out to overcome this in fertility problem. Discuss the appropriate technique should be used. .....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

8. Diagram 8 shows a longitudinal section of the reproductive parts of a flower during fertilization.

(a).

On Diagram 8, name the structure P, Q, R and S. [4 marks]

7(e)

Diagram 8

8(a)

7(d)


15

(b)(i) In the space below, draw a section through the ovule, showing all the cells in R. Label the cell involved in the fertilization.

[3 marks]

(b)(ii) What is the significance of having two Q structure in the fertilization. ……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(c)(i) A farmer spraying hormone X on the tomato’s flower to produce mature tomato. What is hormone X?

……………………………………………………………………………………. [1 marks]

(c)(ii) Explain the role of hormone X in the production of mature tomato fruits.

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

8(b)(i)

8(b)(ii)

8(c)(i)

8(c)(ii)


16

9. Diagram 9.1 shows the relationship between a cell, chromosome, DNA, genes and bases.

(a) On Diagram 9.1 , mark and label of the following terms : i) DNA ii) Bases iii) Chromosomes

[3 marks]

(b) State the chromosome number of the cell shown in Diagram 9.1.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 marks]

(c) What can you deduce about genes based on Diagram 9.1?

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

genes

Diagram 9.1

9(a)

9(b)

9(c)


17

Diagram 9.2 shows parts of a molecule of DNA.

(d)(i)

Name the basic unit of DNA.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

(d)(ii) What is K ? …………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(d)(iii)

Complete the Diagram 9.2, to show that DNA molecule consist of two strands that joined together by hydrogen bond.

[ 3 marks]

Diagram 9.2

9(d)(ii)

9(d)(iii)

9(d)(i)

A

T

G

A unit of

DNA

K


18

Diagram 9.3 shows chromosomes with the alleles for crosses between two varieties of pea plants: yellow and smooth seed variety, with a green and wrinkled seed variety. Yellow seed (Y) is dominant over green seed (y) while smooth seed (S) is dominant over wrinkled seed (s).

(e)(i) Based on Diagram 9.3, indicate the pair of alleles found in the F1

generation.

[1 mark]

(e)(ii) Determine the phenotype of the offspring in the F1 generation.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

9(e)(ii)

9(e)(i)

Diagram 9.3


19

10. Diagram 10 show the pedigree inheritance of the characteristics,

haemophilia in a family. The characteristics, haemophilia is controlled by

a pair of alleles hh that are linked to the sex chromosomes. H is dominant

to h.

Key : Normal male Haemophiliac male Normal female Haemophiliac female

(a) Explain briefly the characteristics haemophilia.

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 marks]

(b)(i) What is the genotype of K?

……………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b)(ii) Explain how to determine the genotype in (b)(i)?

……………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………….. [2 marks]

L K

Q S R

Diagram 10

10(a)

10(b)(i)

10(b)(ii)


20

(c)(i) State the genotypes and gametes for the parent in the third generation.

Female x Male

Phenotype : Normal Normal Genotype : ………………….. ………………….. Gamete : ………………….. …………………..

[2 marks]

(c)(ii) Q and R are sisters and are normal. They are found to have different genotypes. Explain why? ……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[2marks]

(c)(iii) If a haemophilic female marries the child S in the third generation, what is the probability of obtaining children that are haemophiliac?. Explain your answer by constructing a genetic diagram for this inheritance. [4 marks]

(d) Sex-linked trait such as haemophilia and colour-blindness are usually

associated with males. Explain why?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

10(c)(iii)

10(c)(ii)

10(c)(i)

10(d)


21


1


SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN




Paper 2 Section B


2

Paper 2 – Section B:

1. Diagram 1.1 show the human digestive system and Diagram 1.2 show the structure

inside organ P.

No Essay Questions Marks Student notes

1(a)(i)

Explain the process of absorption of glucose and amino acids in Organ P.

[4 marks]

1(a)(ii)

Explain three structural adaptation of Organ P for effective absorption of food

[6 marks]

1(b) Describe the process of assimilation in organ R.

[10 marks]

Diagram 1.1

Diagram 1.2

Organ R

Organ P


3

2. Diagram 2 shows various processed food on a supermarket shelf.

Salted plum Potato chips Prawn crackers

Diagram 2


2(a)

Based on your biology knowledge,

Explain the good and the bad of food processing on human being.

[10 marks]

(b) Explain the food processing methods which are related to the factors that cause food spoilage.

[ 10 marks]


4


3

Diagram 3 shows roots of plants found in mangrove swamp.

Diagram 3

Discuss how these roots are adapted for stability, salt tolerance and less oxygen of water logged mangrove swamp soil.

[10 marks]

Pneumatophore


5


4.

Diagram 4 shows part of a nitrogen cycle .

(a)(i) The atmospheric nitrogen cannot be absorbed directly by plants. Based on Diagram 4, state two form of nitrogenous compounds that can be absorbed directly by plants and explain how a deficiency of substances K in the soil affect the growth of the plants.

[ 4 marks]

(ii) Based on Diagram 4, explain role of the microorganism in nitrogen cycle.

[6 marks]

Nitrogen in the atmosphere

Substance K

Nitrogen fixation by microorganisms in plant

Nitrites

Ammonium compounds

Nitrogen compounds in

plants

Nitrogen compounds in

animals

Diagram 4


6


5.

(a)

Diagram 5 shows the eutrophication process that occurs to a lake due to the human activities.

Based on the Diagram 5, explain what is meant by `eutrophication`

[10 marks]

(b)

Explain how each of the following can reduce water pollution:

(i) Treating sewage (ii) Using organic fertilizers rather than inorganic ones.

[6 marks]

(c) Explain how deforestation of rainforest can cause flash flood.

[4 marks]


7

No Essay Questions

Marks Student notes

6

Diagram 6 shows the mankind activities.

Based on your knowledge in biology, explain the effects of the activities to the mankind and their surroundings. Suggest the ways to overcome this problem.

[12 marks] .


8

7 Diagram 7.1 shows the ozone layer in atmosphere that protects earth from ultraviolet rays from the sun.

Diagram 7.1


7(a) Describe how the ozone layer becomes thinner. Discuss its effects on humans and the environment and suggest the ways to solve these problems.

[10 marks ]

Solar radiation Sinaran suria

Stratosphere Stratosfera

Ozone layer Lapisan ozon

Harmful ultraviolet radiation Sinaran ultra ungu

berbahaya

Troposphere Trofosfera

Earth Bumi


9


7 (b) Diagram 7.2 shows a phenomenon X that occurs from air pollution. Describe the formation and the effects of the phenomenon on agriculture and aquatic ecosystem.

[10 marks]

Diagram 7.2


10

8. Diagram 8 shows three types of neurone in individual A.

Diagram 8


8 (a)

Describe the process X in Diagram 8

[4 marks]

(b)

Explain the above situation.

[6 marks]


9

Mr. Q is married to Mrs. Q for more than 10 years but did not have any child due to low sperm count in Mr. Q. Mr. and Mrs. V have 6 children in 12 years of marriage. Mrs. V has high blood pressure and heart problem, so they decided not to have any more kids. Explain how reproduction technologies able to help these two families.

[10 marks]

X Neurone P

Neurone Q

Neurone R

After an accident , individual A doesn’t experience any response to hot object.


11

No Essay Questions Mark Student notes

10.

The variation of ABO blood group determined by three different alleles, but an individual carry only two of the three allele. With schematic diagram , explain the possibilities of the blood group and genotypes of the offspring if the father’s blood group is A and the mother’s blood group is AB.

[10 marks]


11. (a).

Diagram 11.1 shows a group of boys with different height and Diagram 11.2 shows the various types of fingerprints.

Diagram 11.1 Diagram 11.2 Based on the biology knowledge, identify the variation and explain the similarities and differences in Diagram 11.1 and Diagram 11.2.

[10 marks]

(b).

Diagram 11.3 shows the variants P, Q and R of a species of fish.

Describe how the variation occurs in the species of fish.

[10 marks]


12


12 Diagram 12.1 shows a mangrove swamp forest and Diagram 12.2 shows the same area 50 years later.

Diagram 12.1

Diagram 12.2

Discuss the impact of the exploitation on the ecosystem.

[10 marks]


13


1


SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN




PAPER 3

QUESTION 1


2

Question 1 :

No. Questions Marks Student notes

1 A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of the concentration of

nutrients on the activity of yeast . Diagram 1.1 shows the method used by the students.

The initial height of the coloured liquid in the manometer is shown in Diagram 1.2.

The experiment was repeated using different concentrations of glucose. Table 1.1 shows the

results of the experiment after 10 minutes.

Diagram 1.1

DIAGRAM 1.2

rubber tubing

Manometer with

coloured liquid

Initial height of

coloured liquid

Boiling tube containing

yeast suspension

Glass tube

clip

Rubber stopper

Initial height of coloured liquid :

……………… cm


3

Percentage concentration of glucose / %

Final height of coloured liquid in the manometer after 10 minutes /cm

10

15

20

……….…….

……….…….

……….…….


4


(a) Complete Table 1.2 by recording the height of coloured liquid in the manometer after 10 minutes

(b) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations . Observation 1 :

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

Observation 2 :

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observation in 1(b(i). Inference 1 :

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................ Inference 2 :

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

3

3

3


5

(c) Complete Table 1.2 for the three variables based on the experiment.

Variable Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable: .............................................

.............................................

.............................................

....................................................

....................................................

....................................................

Responding variable: .............................................

.............................................

.............................................

....................................................

....................................................

....................................................

Controlled variable : .............................................

.............................................

.............................................

....................................................

....................................................

....................................................

(d) State the hypothesis for the experiment.

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

(e) (i) Based on Table 1.1, construct a table and record the results of the experiment which includes the following aspects:

Percentage concentration of glucose

Height of coloured liquid

The rate of the activity of yeast

3

3


6

(e) (ii) Draw a graph of the rate of the activity of yeast against the concentration of glucose

(iii) Based on the graph in 1(e)(ii), state the relationship between

the rate of the activity of yeast and the concentration of

glucose. Explain your answer.

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

(f) Based on the experiment, define anaerobic respiration in yeast operationally.

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

3

3

3

3


7

(g) The experiment is repeated by using 1 ml of 0.1 mol dm-3 of

sodium hydroxide solution is added into the boiling tube.

Predict the manometer reading after 10 minutes. Explain

your prediction.

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

(h) The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Complete Table 1.3 by matching each variable with the apparatus and material used in the experiment.

Variables Apparatus Material

Manipulated

..............................

................................

Responding

...............................

...............................

Controlled

...............................

...............................

Table 1.3

Yeast, metre rule, coloured liquid, electronic balance, glucose solution, measuring cylinder

3

3


8


9

Question 2 :


2 Lemna minor is a species of free-floating aquatic plants from the duckweed family Lemnaceae. The plants grow mainly by vegetative reproduction: two daughter plants bud off from the adult plant. An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of abiotic factor such as pH on Lemna sp. growth. Experiment is done under controlled conditions: 12 hours a day light exposure and using the same Knop’s solution. Petri dish is filled with 20 ml Knop’s solution with different pH value and 5 Lemna sp. each. The Knop’s solution is treated by adding acid or alkali to achieve the pH value needed. ** Knop’s solution is a solution which contains essential nutrient for plants growth.

Figure 1 After 7 days, the observation is made and the result shown in Table 1.1 .

pH value

Petri dish

Number of Lemna sp.

2

Lemna minor

Petri dish

Knop’s solution


10

3

5

7

9


11

11

Table 1.1


(a) State the number of Lemna sp. in the spaces provided in Table 1.1

(b) (i) Based on Table 1, state two different observations .

Observation 1 :

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

Observation 2 :

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

(ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in 1(b)(i). Inference 1 :

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

3

3


12

................................................................................................ Inference 2 :

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

(c) Complete Table 1.4 to show the variables involved in the experiment and how the variables are operated.



.............................................

.............................................

....................................................

....................................................

....................................................


.............................................

.............................................

....................................................

....................................................

....................................................


.............................................

.............................................

....................................................

....................................................

....................................................

3

3


13

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

(e) (i) Construct a table and record the results of the experiment. Your table should contain the following title.

pH of water

Number of Lemna sp.

(e) (ii) Plot a graph showing the number of Lemna sp against the pH in the graph below

(iii) Referring to the graph in (e) (ii), describe the relationship

between the Lemna sp growth and the condition of the

medium.

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

3

3

3

3


14

(f) Based on the experiment, define operationally the abiotic factor in an ecosystem. .................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

(g) The effluent from laundry shop flows into a pond nearby, predict the population of Lemna sp in the pond. Explain your answer.

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

.................................................................................................

(h) Classify the biotic and abiotic factors from the list provided below.

3

3

3

Humidity, light intensity, decomposer,

parasites, symbiotic organism, soil

texture, invertebrates, topography


15


16

Question 3:


1.

A group of students conducted an experiment to study the effect of light intensity on the population distribution of Lichen on the tree trunk. He placed a 10 cm x 10 cm transparent quadrat on the East-facing surface of the tree trunk. He counted the number of squares that contained half or more than half of the areas covered by the Lichen. Square with less than half of the covered areas were not included. The procedures were repeated for the surfaces that face the direction of North (N), south (S) and west (W). Figure 1 shows how a quadrat is placed on the tree trunk. Each small square represent 1 cm2.

Figure 1

Table 1 shows the areas covered by the Lichen on the different surface of the tree trunk.

Direction/position of surface

Total surface area covered by Lichen

East

60 cm2


17

South

35 cm2

North

45 cm2

West

52 cm2

Table 1

10 cm

10 cm

10 cm


18

a) Count the total surface area of Lichen for each quadrat and record the answer in the spaces provided in Table 1.

b) (i) State two different observation based on the diagram in Table 1. Observation 1 :

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Observation 2 :

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(ii) State the inferences from the observation in 1 (b) (i).

Inference 1 :

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................................................................................................ Inference 2 :

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3

3

3


19

(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment.



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Table 2

d) State the hypothesis for this experiment:

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e) (i) Construct a table and record all data collected in this experiment. Your table should have the following aspect:

Title with correct unit

Position of direction

Total surface area covered by Lichen

3

3


20

(ii) Use the graph paper provided to answer this question.

Using the data in 1 (e) (i), draw a bar chart graph to show the relationship between the population of Lichen against the directions facing on the tree.

The population of Lichen is represented by the total surface area covered in the quadrat.

(f) Based on the graph in 1 (e)(ii), explain the relationship between the population distribution of Lichen and the light intensity. ................................................................................................

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(g) State the operational definition for population distribution of Lichen. ................................................................................................

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(h) Lightning strike the tree and cause the tree to fall. The Lichen under study is then exposed to direct sunlight from 7.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. daily. Predict what will happen to the total surface area covered by Lichen after a month. Explain your prediction.

3

3

3

3


21

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(i) The following is a list of biotic and abiotic factors. Classify these factors in the Table 3.

Abiotic factors Biotic factors

Table 3

pH of water, pigeon orchid, humidity, bird, temperature, Elodea sp.

3

3


22


23

Question 4 :


4 An experiment was carried out to investigate the water pollution level or BOD in three different locations from a suspected polluted Rivers. Three water samples are collected from these three locations and labelled as P, Q and R as in Diagram 1.

200 ml of each sample is put in a reagent bottle and added with 1 ml of 0.1% methylene blue solution. All the bottles are kept in dark cupboard.

Observations are made every minute to see the changes in the methylene blue colour.

Diagram 1 Table 1 shows the results of this experiment.

Water sample P Q R

Time taken for

methylene

blue solution

become

colourless

Table 1

Sample P

Each sample is added with methylene blue

solution

Sample Q Sample R


24


(a) Record the time taken for methylene blue solution become

colourless in the boxes provided in Table 1.


Observation 1 :

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Observation 2 :

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(ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observations in 1(b)(i). Inference 1 :

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Inference 2 :

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3

3

3


25




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Table 2


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(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this

experiment based on the following criteria:

Water sample

Time taken

3

3


26

(f) Based on the data in 1(e) draw a bar chart of time taken for methylene blue solution become colourless against water samples.

(g) What is the relationship between time taken, oxygen concentration and BOD value of water in this experiment? ................................................................................................

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(h) Based on the result of this experiment, state the operational definition for BOD. ................................................................................................

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(i) This experiment is repeated by using water sample from chicken farm areas. Predict the time taken for methelyne blue to become colourless.

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3

3

3

3

3


27

(j) Arrange the water samples from the most polluted to the

least polluted.

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29

Question 5 :


5 Transpiration is the evaporation of water from a plant to the surroundings. The rate of

transpiration is affected by environmental factors such as temperature.

A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of temperature on the

rate of transpiration. Diagram 1 shows the set up of the apparatus. An air bubble was

trapped in the capillary tube. The apparatus was placed in an air-conditioned room at 20oC.

The time taken for the air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm was recorded. The

experiment was repeated for a second time to get average readings.

The experiment is repeated by placing the apparatus at three more different temperatures:

an air-conditioned room at 25oC , an air-conditioned room at 30oC and in a non air-

conditioned room at 35oC.

Table 1 shows the reading of stopwatch for air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm at different temperature

Diagram 1


30

Temperature oC

Time taken for air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm (min)

First reading

Second reading Average Reading

20

25


31

Temperature Suhu oC

Time taken for air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm (min)

First reading

Second reading

Average Reading

30

35


(a) Record the time taken for the air bubbles to move a

distance of 10 cm and average reading in Table 1.


Observation 1 :

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3


32

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Observation 2 :

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(ii) State the inferences which corresponds to the observations

in 1(b)(i).

Inference 1 :

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Inference 2 :

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3

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Table 2


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34

(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this

experiment.

Your table should have the following aspects:

- Temperature

- Average time taken for air bubbles to move a

distance of 10 cm .

- Rate of transpiration

Rate of transpiration = Distance

Time

(e) (ii) Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw the graph of the rate of

transpiration against the temperature

(f) Based on the graph in 1(e)(ii), explain the relationship

between the rate of transpiration and temperature.

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(g) Based on the result of this experiment, state the operational

definition for process of transpiration.

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3

3

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35

(h) If the surface of the leaves of a plant at temperature of 35

oC are covered with vaselin, predict the time taken for air

bubble to move a distance of 10 cm. Explain your

prediction.

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(i) The following list is a factor that affecting transpiration.

Classify the factors into two group in Table 3.

Environmental factor Morphology factors

Table 3

Relative humidity Kelembapan relatif

cuticle kutikel

air movement pergerakan angin

stomata stomata

light intensity keamatan cahaya

3

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36

1


1. Diagram 2 shows three types of fruits.

Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the percentage of vitamin C content in each fruit. DCPIP (dichlorophenolindophenol) 0.1% solution is used to test the presence of vitamin C in the fruit juices.

You can use the common chemicals and science apparatus that can be found in the laboratory. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Problem statement [Peryataan masalah]

Hypothesis [Hipotesis]

Variables [Pembolehubah]

Apparatus and materials [Radas dan Bahan]

Procedures [Kaedah]

How data is communicated

[17 marks]

2. A group of students did a study on the function of enzymes as an

organic catalyst that can regulate and increase the rate biochemical

reactions in the cell. Enzymes are very sensitive to a change in

temperature and functions efficiently at an optimum temperature.

Design an experiment to study the effect of different temperatures

on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.

The planning of your experiment must include the following

aspects:

Statement of identified problem

Hypothesis

Statement of variables

List of materials and apparatus

Experimental procedure

Presentation of data

[17 marks]

Water melon [Tembikai]

Orange [Oren]

Papaya [Betik]

Diagram 2 [Rajah 2]

2


3. Human needs energy to maintain the body temperature at 37ºC

and to carry out daily activities.

The energy is gain from oxidation of food in body cell respiration.

Energy value is measured in Joule per gram unit.

Base on the information; design a laboratory experiment to investigate the energy value in three types of food samples. Your experimental design should include:

Problem statement

Variables

Hypothesis

Material and apparatus

Procedures


[17 marks]

4. The activity of microorganisms is affected by abiotic component in habitat. Based on the above statement, plan an experiment to study the effect of light intensity on the activity of yeast. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspect:

Problem statement

Hypothesis

Variables

List of apparatus and material

Experimental procedure or method


[17 marks]

5. During vigorous exercise such as running, more sweat is produced and less urine is produced by individual. Design an experiment to study the effect of time of vigorous exercise on the volume of urine produce by a group of students. They are given same amount of water to drink before the exercise. Your plan must include the following aspects:

Problem statement

Statement of hypothesis

Variables

List Material and Apparatus

Experimental Procedure

How data communicated [17 marks]

3


6. The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by different environment factors. Base on the above situation; plan a laboratory experiment to determine the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Statement of identified problem

Variables

Statement of hypothesis

List of materials and apparatus

Experimental procedure

Presentation of data [17 marks]

7. The population of rats in a urban area and rural area can be estimated by a certain method. Based on the above statement, plan experiment for this purpose. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Problem statement

Hypothesis

Variables

List of apparatus and material

Experimental procedure or method


[17 marks]

8. Transpiration is the lost of water vapour from plants, especially in leaves. Transpiration occurs 90 % through the stomata. The amount of water lost depends on its size, surrounding light intensity, temperature, humidity and air movement.

4


Base on the information; design an experiment to be conducted in the laboratory to investigate the effect of number of leaves on the rate of transpiration in hibiscus plant. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Problem statement

Hypothesis

Variables

Apparatus and materials

Procedures

How data is communicated

[17 marks]

9. Competition is an interaction between organisms which live together in a habitat and compete for the same resources that are in limited supply. The competition between individuals of the same species is called an intraspecific competition. A farmer doesn’t realized his mango trees do not produced high quantity of mangoes because the mango trees are planted too close to each other. Based on the above information and situation, design a laboratory experiment to show to the farmer on how the distance between the plants can affects the growth rate of a named plant. The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Problem statement

Hypothesis

Variables

List of apparatus and materials

Experimental procedures


[17 markah]

5


10. Villages P, Q and R are situated along the Galas River as in Diagram

10.1. The village folks depend on the river to earn a living. The river

provides them with transport, water for cooking, drinking, washing, etc.

They also catch fish from the river.

Lately the villages’ folks are complaining about the lower catch from

the river. They relate this problem to a rubber factory built two years

ago at the upstream of the river. Village P, Q and R are 10km, 20km

and 30km away from the rubber factory respectively.

Diagram 10.1

As an Environment Department officer, you are sent to the site to

make a thorough investigation into the matter. Your task is to

investigate the effect of the distance of the rubber factory and the

villages on the levels of water pollution.

Your investigation must include the following aspect:

o Problem statement

o Hypothesis

o Variables

o List of apparatus and materials

o Experimental procedure or method

o Presentation of data

[17 marks]

~perfectscore2011/OH2

Rubber

factory

Village P

Village Q Village R

Perfect Score Bio 2011 q SPM

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