perak n melaka

8/4/2019 perak n melaka

1/13

History

Legends tell of a Hindu-Malay kingdom calledGangga Negarain the northwest of Perak.Archaeological discoveries indicate that Perak has been inhabited since prehistoric times.

The modern history of Perak began with the fall of theMalacca Sultanate. The eldest son of thelast Sultan of Melaka (Sultan Mahmud Shah), Raja Muzaffar Shah, fleeing the Portuguese

conquest of 1511, established his own dynasty on the banks of the Sungai Perak(Perak River) in1528. As the Perak area was extremely rich intin, it was under almost continuous threat from

outsiders.

Dutch colonialism

The ruins of the Dutch Fort on Pangkor Island

TheDutchunsuccessfully attempted to monopolize the tin trade in the 17th century, and builtforts at the mouth of the Perak River and onPulau Pangkor.

Early history of the Dutch arrival in Perak began in 1641, when they captured the Straits ofMalacca by taking control of tin-ore and spice trading. The Dutch attempted to monopolise the

tin-ore tradings in Perak by influencing Sultan Muzaffar Syah, the Sultan, but did not succeed.

They then turned to Sultanah Tajul Alam Safiatuddin, the Sultan of Aceh, to seek permission to

trade in Perak. The event compelled the Sultan of Perak to sign the treaty, allowing the Dutch tobuild their plant in Kuala Perak on August 15, 1650, which caused dissatisfaction among the

aristocracy of Perak.

In 1651, Temenggung and the people of Perak attacked and destroyed the Dutch plant. The

Dutch were forced to leave their base in Perak.

In 1655, the Dutch sent a representative to Perak to renew the agreement made earlier and to

seek compensation for the loss of their plant. Perak however did not honour the treaty and was

thus surrounded by the Dutch. In retaliation, the people of Perak with Aceh, Ujung Salang,launched a surprise attack on the Dutch.

In 1670, the Dutch returned to Perak to build Kota Kayu, now known asKota Belanda("DutchFortress"), on Pangkor Island.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangga_Negarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangga_Negarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangga_Negarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkor_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkor_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkor_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Belandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Belandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Belandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dutch_Fort_Pulau_Pangkor_2007_020_pano.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dutch_Fort_Pulau_Pangkor_2007_020_pano.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dutch_Fort_Pulau_Pangkor_2007_020_pano.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dutch_Fort_Pulau_Pangkor_2007_020_pano.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Belandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkor_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_Riverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangga_Negara


2/13

Perak agreed to the construction because of news that the Kingdom ofSiamwould be attacking

the state. Nevertheless, in 1685, once again Perak attacked the Dutch on Pangkor Island andforced them to retreat and shut down their headquarters. The Dutch attempted to negotiate for a

new treaty but failed.

British colonialism

Sultan Abdullah of Perak

Further information:British Resident

In the 19th century, theBugis,Acehnese, and theThaiall attempted to invade Perak. OnlyBritishintervention in 1820 preventedSiamfrom annexing Perak. Although the British wereinitially reluctant to establish a colonial presence inMalaya, increasing investment in the tin

mines brought a great influx ofChineseimmigrants, including Foo Ming, who formed rival clan

groups allied with Malay chiefs and local gangsters, all of whom battled to control the mines.

The Perak sultanate, involved in a protracted succession struggle, was unable to maintain order.

In her bookThe Golden Chersonese and The Way Thither(published 1892 G.P. Putnam's Sons),

Victorian traveller and adventuressIsabella Lucy Bird(18311904) describes how Raja MudaAbdullah (as he then was) turned to his friend inSingapore,Tan Kim Ching. Tan, together with

an English merchant in Singapore drafted a letter to Governor Sir Andrew Clarke which

Abdullah signed. The letter expressed Abdullah's desire to place Perak under British protection,and "to have a man of sufficient abilities to show (him) a good system of government." In1874,

theStraits Settlementsgovernor Sir Andrew Clarke convened a meeting on Pulau Pangkor, at

which Sultan Abdullah was installed on the throne of Perak in preference to his rival, Sultan

Ismail. ThisPangkor Treatyalso required that theSultan of Perakaccept aBritish Resident, apost granted wide administrative powers. In 1875, various Perak chiefs assassinated the British

ResidentJames W.W. Birch, resulting in the short-livedPerak Warof 1876. Sultan Abdullah

was exiled to theSeychelles, and the British installed a new ruler. The new resident, SirHughLow, was well-versed in the Malay language and local customs, and proved to be a more capable

administrator. He also introduced the firstrubber treesin Malaya.

In1896, Perak joinedSelangor,Negeri SembilanandPahangto form theFederated Malay

States. However, the British Resident system persisted until theMalayan Unionwas established
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Residenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Residenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Residenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acehnese_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acehnese_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acehnese_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Lucy_Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Lucy_Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Lucy_Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Kim_Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Kim_Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Kim_Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Ismailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Ismailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Ismailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Ismailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkor_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkor_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkor_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_of_Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_of_Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_of_Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Residenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Residenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Residenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W.W._Birchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W.W._Birchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W.W._Birchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Sembilanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Sembilanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Sembilanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Malay_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Malay_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Malay_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Malay_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SultanAbdullahPerak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SultanAbdullahPerak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SultanAbdullahPerak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SultanAbdullahPerak.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Malay_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_Malay_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negeri_Sembilanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selangorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1896http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber_treehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Lowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perak_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W.W._Birchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Residenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_of_Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangkor_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Ismailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Ismailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Kim_Chinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Lucy_Birdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acehnese_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Residenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand


3/13

in 1948. Perak as a component of theFederation of Malayagained independence on August 31,

1957.

History

Incorporated into DateMalacca Sultanate 1400

Portuguese Empire 1511

Dutch Empire 1641

British Empire 1824

Straits Settlements 1826

Crown Colony 1867

Japanese occupation 15 January 1942

Malayan Union 1 April 1946

Federation of Malaya31 January 1948

Independence 31 August 1957Malaysia 16 September 1963

Sultanate of Malacca

Main article:Malacca Sultanate

Before the arrival of the first Sultan, Malacca was a fishing village inhabited by local Malays.Malacca was founded byParameswara, also called Iskandar Shah or Sri Majara, the last Raja of

Singapura (present day Singapore) following aMajapahitattack in 1377. He found his way to

Malacca around 1400 where he found a good portit was accessible in all seasons and on the

strategically located narrowest point of theMalacca Straits.[3]

According to a popular legend, Parameswara was resting under a tree near a river while hunting,

when one of his dogs cornered amouse deer. In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog intothe river. Impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a propitious omen of the weak

overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided on the spot to found an empire on that very spot.

He named it 'Melaka' after the tree under which he had taken shelter. Another version of thestory says that Parameswara chose the name 'Malacca' from the Tamil word 'mallakka' which

means upside down or on ones back. Old illustrations of the scene where the mousedeer kicks

the dog shows the dog falling on its back into the river, hence the inspiration.

In collaboration with allies from the sea-people (orang laut), the wanderingproto-Malayprivateers of the Straits, he established Malacca as a major international port by compellingpassing ships to call there, and establishing fair and reliable facilities for warehousing and

trade.[3]Mass settlement of Chinese, mostly from theimperialandmerchantfleet occurred

during the reign of Parameswara in the vicinity ofBukit China("Chinese Hill"), which was

perceived as having excellentFeng Shui(geomancy). Sultan Iskandar Shah died in 1424. Theprosperity of Malacca attracted the attention of theSiamese. Attempts at invasion made in 1446

and 1456, however, were warded off byTun Perak, the thenBendahara(a position similar to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Sultanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Sultanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Sultanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Straitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Straitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_deerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_deerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_deerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_Malayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_Malayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_Malayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_marinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_marinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_marinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Cinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Cinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Cinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_Shuihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_Shuihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_Shuihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendaharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendaharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendaharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendaharahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_Perakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_Shuihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Cinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant_marinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_Malayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_deerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp19-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Straitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacca_Sultanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya


4/13

Prime Minister). The development of relations between Malacca andChinawas a strategic

decision to ward off further Siamese attacks. pore) and was succeeded by his son, Sri Maharajaalso called Sultan Muhammad Shah.

Palace of Malacca's Malay Sultanate

Because of its strategic location, Malacca was an important stopping point forZheng He's fleet.To enhance relations,Hang Li Po, a princess of theMingEmperor of China, arrived in Malacca,

accompanied by 500 attendants, to marry SultanManshur Shahwho reigned from 1456 until1477. Her attendants married the locals and settled mostly inBukit China(Bukit Cina). (SeeZheng He in Malacca). Scholars have disputed Hang Li Po's status, as the Ming Chronicles in

China do not mention her as a princess in the Chinese court of theMing Dynasty. At the time of

the arrival of the Sultan's envoy, the reigning Ming Emperor wasJingtai Emperor. Since recordsof his reign were expunged followingTianshun'a ascension to the throne in 1457, it is likely that

records of Hang Li Po's status might no longer exist. Other historical texts do mention that she

was a princess in the court of theYongle Emperor(14021424).

A cultural result of the vibrant trade was the expansion of thePeranakanpeople, who spread to

other major settlements in the region.

During its prime, Malacca was a powerful Sultanate which extended its rule over the southern

Malay Peninsulaand much of Sumatra. Its rise helped to hold off the Thai's southwardsencroachment and arguably hasten the decline of the rivalMajapahitEmpire ofJavawhich was

in decline as Malacca rose. Malacca was also pivotal in the spread of Islam in the Malay

Archipelago.

After Vietnam destroyedChampain the1471 Vietnamese invasion of Champa, they proceeded

to engage in hostilities with Malacca with the intent of conquest. The Chinese government sent a

censor, Ch'en Chun, to Champa in 1474 to install the Champa King, but he discoveredVietnamese soldiers had taken over Champa and were blocking his entry. He proceeded to

Malacca instead and its ruler sent back tribute to China.[4]

Malacca again sent envoys to China in

1481 to inform the Chinese that, while returning to Malacca from China in 1469, the Vietnameseattacked them, castrating the young and enslaving them. The Malaccans reported that Vietnam

was not in control of Champa but sought to conquer Malacca, but the Malaccans did not fight

back due to lack of permission from the Chinese to engage in war. The Chinese Emperor scoldedthem, ordering the Malaccans to strike back with violent force if the Vietnamese attacked.[5][6]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_Hehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_Hehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_Hehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_Li_Pohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_Li_Pohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_Li_Pohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansur_Shah_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansur_Shah_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansur_Shah_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Cinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Cinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Cinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_He#In_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_He#In_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingtai_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingtai_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingtai_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianshunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianshunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianshunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1471_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Champahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1471_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Champahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1471_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Champahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_Sultanate_Palace.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1471_Vietnamese_invasion_of_Champahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Archipelagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malay_Peninsulahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peranakanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianshunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jingtai_Emperorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_He#In_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukit_Cinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansur_Shah_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hang_Li_Pohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_Hehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China


5/13

European colonization

See also:Portuguese MalaccaandDutch Malacca

1630 map of the Portuguese fort and the city of Malacca

In April 1511,Afonso de Albuquerqueset sail fromGoato Malacca with a force of some 1200men and seventeen or eighteen ships.

[7]Theyconqueredthe city on August 24, 1511. It became a

strategic base forPortugueseexpansion in theEast Indies.Sultan Mahmud Shah, the last Sultanof Malacca, took refuge in the hinterland, and made intermittent raids both by land and sea,

causing considerable hardship for the Portuguese. In the meantime, the Portuguese built the fortnamedA Famosato defend Malacca (its gate is all that remains of the ruins at present). "In order

to appease the King of Ayudhya (Siam), the Portuguese sent up an ambassador, Duarte

Fernandes, who was well received by Ramathibodi." in 1511. Finally in 1526, a large force ofPortuguese ships, under the command of Pedro Mascarenhas, was sent to destroyBintan, where

Sultan Mahmud was based. Sultan Mahmud fled with his family across the StraitstoKamparin

Sumatra, where he died five years later.

It soon became clear that Portuguese control of Malacca did not also mean they controlled Asian

trade centred there. Their Malaccan rule was severely hampered by administrative and economicdifficulties.

[8]Rather than achieving their ambition of dominating Asian trade, the Portuguese

had disrupted the organisation of the network. The centralised port of exchange of Asian wealth

had now gone, as was a Malay state to police theStraits of Malaccathat made it safe for

commercial traffic. Trade was now scattered over a number of ports among bitter warfare in theStraits.[8]

Ruins ofFort A Famosaattracts millions of tourists to Malacca every year
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_%281511%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_%281511%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_%281511%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_%28Sultan_of_Malacca%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_%28Sultan_of_Malacca%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_%28Sultan_of_Malacca%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampar,_Sumatra&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampar,_Sumatra&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampar,_Sumatra&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Famosa.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Famosa.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Famosa.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Famosa.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Famosa.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Famosa.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Famosa.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_Famosa.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Malacca_1630.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-24-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampar,_Sumatra&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Famosahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_%28Sultan_of_Malacca%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Malacca_%281511%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melaka#cite_note-RICKLEFSp23-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Malaccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca


6/13

TheJesuitmissionaryFrancis Xavierspent several months in Malacca in 1545, 1546 and 1549.

In 1641, theDutchdefeated the Portuguese in an effort to capture Malacca, with the help of theSultan ofJohore. The Dutch ruled Malacca from 1641 to 1798 but they were not interested in

developing it as a trading centre, placing greater importance toBatavia(Jakarta) onJavaas their

administrative centre. However they still built their landmark, better known as theStadthuysor

Red Building.

Malacca was ceded to theBritishin theAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824in exchange forBencoolenon Sumatra. From 1826 to 1946 Malacca was governed, first by theBritish East India Company

and then as aCrown Colony. It formed part of theStraits Settlements, together withSingapore

andPenang. After the dissolution of this crown colony, Malacca and Penang became part of theMalayan Union, which later became Malaysia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missionaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missionaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Xavierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Xavierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Xavierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadthuyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadthuyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadthuyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkuluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkuluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkuluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayan_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straits_Settlementshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_Colonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengkuluhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadthuyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Xavierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missionaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus


7/13


8/13


9/13


10/13


11/13


12/13


13/13

perak n melaka

Documents

Transcript of perak n melaka