Per k. Pedersens oplæg på Ingeniørens skifergasmøde: 10 Aar Med Skifergas i Canada

7/30/2019 Per k. Pedersens oplg p Ingenirens skifergasmde: 10 Aar Med Skifergas i Canada

1/17

10 r med skifergas i Canada- hvad kan vi lre?

Per Kent Pedersen

Department of GeoscienceUniversity of Calgary

Skifergas: Trussel eller mulighed for Danmark, Ingenirforeningen Danmark, May 13, 2013


2/17

Western Canada Sedimentary Basin

British Columbia

Alberta

Saskatchewan

Montana

North Dakota

+730,000 Wells

Manitoba

100 km

NWT

15,231 wells drilled in 2012

or 26,645,125m 27,000kmor ~2 times through the EarthUp to 7 km thick Phanerozoic strata


3/17

North American Gas and Oil Shale Plays

http://gcep.stanford.edu/pdfs/2wh9Q1Alh3q2zMOQRKD4MQ/MarkZoback_ShaleGas101.pdf

Next 5 10 years

- ~100,000 wells- 1 2 million hydraulic fracks


4/17

Fracking

http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/oilgas/shalegas/hydraulicfracturing.html

High-pressure water with sand and additives isinjected into the reservoir to open or create fractures.

Newly created fractures are propped open by injected

sand increasing permeability and allowing gas to be

produced.


5/17

Fracking History +100 years of fracking

Old dynamite trick

Canada +60 years of large scalehydraulic fracing history in verticalwells

+175,000 oil and gas wells have beenhydraulically fractured in Canada

From 250 to 4000 m depth

No evidence of drinking watercontamination

One case being investigated if frackingof coal seam at 250 m depth enteredground water


6/17

Fracking History Horizontal

hydraulicfractured wells

Improved

technology leadto large

increase in use

since 2003

www.NEB.ca


7/17

2012 Horizontal Wells in Western Canada

British Columbia

Alberta

Saskatchewan Manitoba

Modified from Dave Russum, Deloitte 2013

Deloitte 2013


8/17

300 by 130 km fairway

300 m thick at 1.5-3 km

700 TCF of gas in place

200-350 BCF/mile2 gas

+2000 HZ multistagefracked wells

Montney Shale Play

BMO 2011BMO 2011

BMO 2011


9/17

Smaller and larger

number of frack stages

Fresh water consumption

decreased

Waste water used

recycling

Montney Fm

Canadian Discovery 2013

Montney Fm

Montney Shale Play

BMO 2011


10/17

Montney Shale Play Evolution from single

well pads to multi-wellfrom each pad

Up to 18 wells/pad

Longer reach wells

From 1.6 to 3.2km longhorizontal legs

One pad drains an areaof up to 10 km2

Central facilities

Drilling and completion

Production and pipelines

5 km


11/17

Geometry of Induced Fractures

1200 m

http://www.csur.com


12/17

Geometry of Induced FracturesSurficial, freshwater aquifer

depth

Hydraulically-fractured

shale

Ground

Surface

Kevin, Fisher,,American Oil and Gas Reporter, July 2010

Fisher and Warpinski, 2011, SPE 145949

- data from 1000s of shale gas hydraulic fracturing treatments

Depth of

horizontal well

trajectory


13/17

Fracturing of Existing Faults

Induced fractures

commonlycontained within a

few hundred

meters around thewell bore

Duhault (2012)

BC G R I i i


14/17

BC Government Report Investigating

Fracturing Induced EarthquakesHorn River Basin study

8000 hydraulic fracture

treatments were completed with

no associated seismicity

The NRCan seismicity was caused

by hydraulic fracturing near pre-existing faults

None caused any injury, property

damage, or posed any risk to

public safety or the environment

All events confined to the targetshales, no effects on shallow

aquifers were identified

Report Recommendations

Improve the accuracy of the NRCan Network

Review geological data to identify pre-existing faulting

Establish induced seismicity monitoring reporting procedures andrequirements

Install ground motion sensors near populated area

Deploy portable high density arrays near frac operations

Require the submission of microseismic reports

Study the relationship between hydraulic fracture parameters and seismicity


15/17

Gas in Shallow Aquifers

Gas is common in shallow aquifers

Can form large economic accumulations

Shallow gas

Coal Bed Methane

Outcropping organic rich shales

Upper Devonian Antrim Shale in the Michigan Basin

Commonly Biogenic in origin

Osbourn et al., 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100682108

C di A i ti f P t l


16/17

Canadian Association of Petroleum

Producers Recommendations 2012

Industry through CAPP has recommended: Hydraulic Fracturing Operating Practices

1. Fracturing fluid additive disclosure

2. Fracturing fluid additive risk management3. Baseline groundwater testing

4. Wellbore construction

5. Water sourcing and reuse6. Fluid handling, transport and disposal


17/17

Gaining the Public Thrusts

Public Access to data allows independent

review and research Drilling information

Cores and core analysis data

Well logs Pipeline locations, etc.

Fracking water composition

http://fracfocus.ca/

Production data Gas, oil, water rates

Composition
http://fracfocus.ca/http://fracfocus.ca/

Per k. Pedersens oplæg på Ingeniørens skifergasmøde: 10 Aar Med Skifergas i Canada

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