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Master of Science

M2 Renewable Energy Science & Technology

Specialty: Renewable Energy Science & Technology

Head of Program:

• Bernard DREVILLON

Involved ParisTech member institutes and contact professors:

• Chimie ParisTech, Philippe BARBOUX

• MINES ParisTech, Didier MAYER

• École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris, Ramiro

GODOY-DIANA

• École des Ponts ParisTech, Michel DE LARA

• École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées, Didier DALMAZZONE

• AgroParisTech, Benoit GABRIELLE

• Hautes Etudes Commerciales, Sihem JOUINI

• Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Fawaz MASSOUH

Master of Science - M2 Renewable Energy Science & Technology Last Modification: Tue 1 March 2011

http://www.paristech.fr

http://www.polytechnique.fr/

École Polytechnique

Program Language: English

Context: The Renewable Energy Science & Technology Master’s is a postgraduate degree program designed tohelp meet one of the major challenges facing the world — increasing the percentage of renewable energiesin the global energy mix. To address this planet-wide challenge, we need to train a new generation ofresearchers, scientists and engineers to manage the energy systems of tomorrow, with a particular focuson photovoltaics, energy vectors and storage, energy distribution networks, and wind and hydropower. TheRenewable Energy Master’s program brings together prestigious French schools in the ParisTech networkand internationally respected businesses in contributing their technical and scientific expertise to theprogram and ensuring a career-focused approach.

Aims: Focusing on science, the program aims to give students real-world technical expertise in strategicrenewable energy disciplines, as well as an in-depth understanding of the issues associated with renewableenergies and their development, including the short and medium-term technical, technological, geopoliticaland environmental challenges.

The program’s main objectives are to:

- Prepare students for careers in renewable energy advanced research and management;- Train the researchers and engineers who will help to prepare and implement energy strategies andpolicies for leading manufacturers, innovative start-ups and public organizations.

Content: The program is divided into two semesters. During 1st semester (37 ECTS credits), students choose eightscience courses worth four ECTS credits each (32 hours of classes + 28 hours of individual research) : twocourses (8 ECTS credits) from each of the two chosen specialties (Photovoltaics, Energy Vectors andStorage, Energy Distribution Networks, Wind and Hydro Power), one additional course among the"Socioeconomic Issues" module (4 ECTS credits) and three more elective courses (12 ECTS credits)among remaining scientific courses. This semester is concluded by a research project in subject ofspecialization (2 ECTS credits). To finish, a language course (English or French as a Foreign Language)has to be completed (3 ECTS credits).

During the 2nd semester (23 ECTS credits) a Master’s internship (6 months), relevant to the specialization,has to be made in a public or private laboratory in France or abroad. All year-long Topical Seminars wouldalso be offered.

Further opportunities: The program aims to provide students with state-of-the-art knowledge and expertise in some of the mostimportant renewable energy disciplines.

Graduates will enter the job market with the necessary skills to help leading manufacturers, innovativestart-ups and public organizations define and implement their energy strategies and policies, worldwide.

The program also prepares students for jobs in research or teaching.

The wide array of businesses and laboratories involved in the program offers graduates extensiveemployment opportunities in the sector.

Master of Science - M2 Renewable Energy Science & Technology / 17


Career prospects: At the end of the program, graduates will be able to choose from a number of career options, including:

- Undertaking a Ph.D. at an academic or industrial laboratory;- Becoming an expert operational project manager, in a public agency or an energy company;- Embarking on a technical, business or sustainable development career in the energy industry;- Embarking on a career in energy strategy development and implementation for a major manufacturer orproducer;- Contributing to the development of small businesses focused on renewable energies.

Highlights: This Best-in-class international instruction, fully teached in English, is backed up by internationallyrespected businesses. Those are contributing their technical and scientific expertise to the program andensuring a career-focused approach, particularly through their research units.

Some of the most important renewable energy issues from expert researchers are therefore offerd both inthe classroom and in the field via student internships. This instruction is also backed-up by an innovativestructure: students also benefit from cross-disciplinary courses and seminars on various technologies. Eachof those assets anable to provide targeted training in specific renewable energy disciplines and a holisticundertanding of the related issues.

Admission: Candidates will be judged on the type of studies undertaken and the grades achieved, their level ofmotivation and the fit between the program and their career aspirations. Unless a waiver has been granted,admission is only confirmed once the selected candidates have paid the registration fee and made an initialdeposit of 5% of the total tuition fees.

Calendar: S3: September-FebruaryQ1: September-NovemberQ2: December-FebruaryS4: March-August

Validation: S3: 37 ECTS creditsS4: 23 ECTS creditsThe student’s thesis (M2 internship) will be graded based on an oral examination.

ECTS Credits: 60

Contact: Professor in charge (EP):Bernard DrévillonContact us by e-mail:[email protected]

Contact us by phone:+33 (0)1 69 33 39 30 (Office of International Admissions of Ecole Polytechnique).



Main program Websitehttp://www.master-renewable-energy.com/

Program Contents :Semester 3 (37 ECTS credits):

Foreign language (3 ECTS)

Scientific courses (4X4 ECTS):

Photovoltaics: • Thin-Film Photovoltaics • Photovoltaics Technologies in Industry • Polymers for Photovoltaics

Energy Vectors and Storage: • Batteries and Energy Storage • Renewable Generation of Electricity Using the Thermal Cycle • Hydrogen and Energy: Production, Storage, Fuel Cells and Economic Issues

Energy Transmission Grid Engineering:

• Electrical Systems • Integrating Off-Grid Energy into Smart Grids • Grid Optimization

Wind and Hydro Power:

• Wind Power • Fluvial and maritime resources for renewable energy

Elective among remaining scientific courses (3x4 ECTS)

Cross-discipline courses (1x4 ECTS):

• Introduction to Biomass and Bioenergy • Specialization Course in Biomass and Bioenergy • Wind, solar and hydraulic potential • New Energies and New Markets • Project Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Topical Seminars – Overviews of Energy Production and Transmission Technologies

Research project in subject of specialization (2 ECTS)

Semester 4 (23 ECTS credits):


http://www.master-renewable-energy.com/

http://www.master-renewable-energy.com/


• Master’s internship

PHY651_RST Thin-Film Photovoltaics

•Introduction to the physics of solar cells•Thin film and nanomaterial characterization methods: scanning probe microscopy (AFM, STM, etc.), andelectronic and optical spectroscopy (ellipsometry, Raman, XPS, EELS, etc.)•Silicon thin film technology: plasma synthesis of nanomaterials, the design and manufacturing ofamorphous silicon cells•Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) technology: deposition methods, materials and cells•Cadmium telluride (CdTe) technology: materials and cells•Dye-sensitized solar cells•High-efficiency solar cells

Teaching coordinator : Pere ROCA i CABARROCASTerm : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY652_RST Photovoltaics Technologies in Industry

1.The Photovoltaic Industry-Main operators•Crystalline silicon technology•Thin-film technology•Organic photovoltaic technology-Markets and applications•Overview•Challenges•Outlook-System innovation•LAAS project2.Crystalline silicon technology-Overview-Challenges -Outlook3.Thin-film technology-Overview-Challenges -Outlook4.Organic photovoltaic (OPV) technology-Overview-Challenges -Outlook5.Commercial scale-up



-Introduction•Substrate size from research to commercial production•Lifespan of solar cell production lines•Pilot production lines-Upscaling challenges•The need for full scale testing and validation - Technological hurdles- Comparison with a semiconductor production line•Cost assessment•Environmental impact assessment-Equipment manufacturers•R&D line – Supplier 1•R&D line – Supplier 2-Production line•Definition of infrastructure and space requirements•HSE•Production line controls

Term : Winter & SpringECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY653_RST Polymers for Photovoltaics

The cost-effective development of flexible solar cells is one of the challenges of tomorrow’s onboardphotovoltaic systems. As demonstrated by the 7.7% efficiency achieved in April 2010 by Heliatek GmbHand the Dresden University of Technology, polymer solar cells, and organic photovoltaic technology ingeneral, seem to offer the most promising avenue for achieving this. This course will provide a comprehensive overview of the research and technology used to designpolymer-based organic solar cells, addressing the following issues in particular:- Synthesis and application of polymers in organic photovoltaic technology.- Excitons and charge carrier transport in polymers.- Organic photovoltaic cell design.- Low band gap polymers and copolymers.The role of polymers is not limited to semiconductor-type active media, so we will also discuss their use intransparent conductive coatings and encapsulation.

Teaching coordinator : Gilles HorowitzTerm : Winter & SpringECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY655_RST Batteries and Energy Storage

The electrochemical conversion and storage of energy is rapidly developing in line with new mobilitysolutions, such as portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Electric vehicles seem like the ideal



transportation solution, particularly in countries like France, where the primary source of electricity isnuclear power, which is relatively inexpensive and generates few greenhouse gas emissions. However, it isdifficult to establish electric vehicles as a viable alternative, because we have not yet found anelectrochemical system that can compete with internal combustion engines, particularly in terms ofoperating range. Indeed, the application of such electrochemical generators to the transportation industrywill dictate their further development.

The course will cover both the concepts behind electrochemical storage and the technological aspects ofbatteries. We will review the basic chemistry concepts needed to understand the electrochemicalconversion of energy, focusing on the chemistry of solids and ionic and electronic transport; theelectrochemistry behind electrode reactions; the concept of charge/discharge cycles; the physical chemistryof diffusion processes; and irreversible processes. The most conventional battery and fuel cell systems willbe reviewed, leading into a more in-depth discussion of those that are being developed on a commercialscale, such as lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries, and the problems associated with their use.Alternative electrochemical systems currently in the research phase will also be analyzed, including thermalbatteries, sodium-ion batteries, bio-batteries and energy harvesting. The theoretical aspects of the coursewill be reinforced via practical work (construction and study of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors)and visits to production facilities and research labs.The emphasis will be placed on adapting batteries for use in electric vehicles, which will require striking abalance between the amount of energy stored (energy density) and the power delivered. To achieve this,battery performance needs to be optimized while maintaining the highest possible levels of reliability andsafety during the aging of these devices. The strategy of pairing batteries with other conversion devices willalso be discussed (e.g. hybrid vehicles and supercapacitors).

Teaching coordinator : Michel Cassir, Philippe BarbouxTerm : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY656_RST Renewable Generation of Electricity Using theThermal Cycle

1.Thermodynamic cycles 1.1The Rankine cycle1.2The Stirling cycle1.3The Brayton cycle1.4Combined heat and power (cogeneration)2.Concentrated solar power technologies2.1Concentrated sunlight2.2Thermodynamic solar systems2.3Storage technologies3.Biomass3.1Anaerobic digestion3.2Combustion3.3Pyrolysis3.4Gasification4.Geothermal energy 5.Economic and financial issues



Teaching coordinator : Benoit Gabrielle, Didier MayerTerm : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY654_RST Hydrogen and Energy: Production, Storage, FuelCells and Economic Issues

The aim of this course is to explore the scientific and technological aspects of hydrogen as an energycarrier, as well as its various production and storage methods and applications both today and in the future.The course will be taught via lectures and tutorials.

Lectures:•Introduction to hydrogen and its industrial applications (production of ammonia and methanol,hydrogenation of oils, etc.)•Description of the various types of hydrogen production:Thermochemical technologies:•Steam reforming of natural gas•Biomass pyrolysis and gasification•Partial oxidation•Autothermal reforming•Coal gasificationWater splitting:•Electrolysis•High-temperature electrolysis•Thermochemical cycles•Nuclear hydrogen production•Photolysis•Photoelectrolysis•Photobiological hydrogen production•Cost comparison of the various production methodsHydrogen storage and distribution:•Liquid hydrogen storage•Gaseous hydrogen storageSolid-stage hydrogen storage•Storage via absorption in metal hydrides•Storage as gas hydrates •Storage via adsorption in porous materials•Comparison of the various storage methods•Energy-related applications:•Combustion•Combustion of molecular hydrogen gas mixtures•Chemical risks and accidental combustion processes•Engine combustion•Fuel cells•Fuel cell technologies•Hydrogen oxidation in fuel cells



•Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cellsTutorials:•Production: high and low-temperature electrolysis, thermochemical cycles, gasification, pyrolysis, thermaldecomposition•Storage: physical adsorption, adsorption kinetics, hydriding and liquid hydrogen•Applications: comparison of fuel cell technologies and their energy efficiency, combustion of hydrogen gasmixtures, hydrogen oxidation

This 32-hour course will be taught in eight four-hour sessions that will include both a lecture and tutorials.

Teaching coordinator : Didier Dalmazzone, Patrice Paricaud, Johnny Deschamps, Laurent Catoire,Michel Cassir, Alain ThorelTerm : FallNumber of hours : 32ECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY657_RST Electrical Systems

Electrical systems, which carry electricity from power plants to households, are playing an increasinglyimportant role worldwide. In the past 100 or so years, power plants — whether hydro, coal- or gas-fired, ornuclear — have been increasing in size and moving farther away from the end-user. Electrification indeveloping countries is also continuing.

In addition, since the beginning of the 21st century, the widespread use of intermittent renewable energysources, such as wind and solar power, and the need to manage energy issues have been accompanied bythe increased integration of information and communication technology. After describing how electricalsystems work, the course will present an overview of the main technical, financial and regulatory issues thathave arisen because of these changes. Topics will include load balancing, the impact of intermittent energysources, offshore wind turbines, the role of conventional power plants, and optimizing the electricity mix.

Term : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY658_RST Integrating Off-Grid Energy into Smart Grids

1.Introduction to power grids1.1Grid structure and operation1.2Centralized and distributed power generation1.3Transmission and distribution network1.4Impact of off-grid power generation2.Electrical system and component modeling 2.1Motors/generators2.2Converters2.3Photovoltaic power generators



2.4Load flow modeling3.Electricity storage3.1Overview of the technologies currently used and those under development3.2Operating parameters and characteristics3.3Sizing4.Off-grid energy management4.1Predicting production from renewable energy power plants4.2Application of stochastic dynamic optimization4.3The benefits and management of storage units4.4Mini-grids and isolated systems5.Information networks and systems for energy grids 5.1Network support and protocols 5.2Middleware 5.3Safety and reliability5.4Application services, supervision

Note: Part 5 covers the concepts and tools associated with communication networks and informationsystems, which can be used alongside electrical systems to create smart grids. The aim is to producepower grid experts capable of liaising with IT and communication experts.

Teaching coordinator : Didier MayerTerm : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY659_RST Grid Optimization

1. Michel De Lara (ENPC) : Optimisation dynamique- Programmation dynamique (déterministe et stochastique)

2. Jean-Philippe Chancelier (ENPC) : Décomposition-coordination- Décomposition-coordination en déterministe

3. Frédéric Bonnans (INRIA) : Réseaux électriques en courant alternatif- Optimisation à l'équilibre- Contrôle du réseau à court terme

4. Frédéric Meunier (ENPC) : Optimisation discrète- Conception de réseau- Exemple de positionnement de batteries pour des taxis électriques

5. Kengy Barty et Anes Dallagi (EDF) : Réseaux électriques et décomposition- Optimisation de la production électrique : application- Décomposition-coordination en stochastique (1)- Décomposition-coordination en stochastique (2)

6. Nicolas Omont (ARTELYS) : Optimisation de l'équilibre offre-demande dans les réseaux électriques- Smart grids : définition et objectifs



- Smart grids : optimisation et intégration des moyens de productions intermittents et/ou décentralisés- Coordination des systèmes électriques à l'échelle continentale.

Teaching coordinator : Michel De Lara, Frédéric BONNANSTerm : Winter & SpringECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Thursday 14 April 2011

PHY661_RST Wind Power

1.Overview of the wind power industry in Europe and worldwide. 2.Practical and environmental considerations in wind farm siting. 3.Classification of wind turbines.4.Wind turbine components.5.Aerodynamics of an airfoil: geometric parameters, aerodynamic forces and coefficients, operation innormal and stall mode. 6.Rotor aerodynamics: momentum theory, Betz’ law, blade element theory, vortex theories. 7.Aerodynamic and mechanical design. 8.Normal and extreme loads as defined by the standards.9.Operating parameters and characteristics of a wind turbine; wind turbine control systems: techniques andequipment.10.Electrical engineering of wind turbine generators: operation of electrical generators and controlequipment, grid connection. 11.Blade design, materials, production techniques and aeroelasticity. 12.Simulation of wind turbine wake and interaction between turbines.13.Simulation of a wind farm.14.Practical work on a model wind turbine in a wind tunnel: measurement of torque, power and efficiency,the effect of blade pitch, exploration of speed.

Teaching coordinator : Fawaz MassouhTerm : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

MEC662_RST Fluvial and maritime resources for renewableenergy

Environmental and natural flows represent a huge source of energy but it is usually highly diluted on theearth surface. However, some natural processes focus this energy. Fluvial and oceanic flows mayconcentrate, in time and space, a fraction of this energy. The aim of this course is to give students basicknowledge of fluvial flows, tidal and wave dynamics, so that they can estimate the fluvial or maritime energypotential of a particular site or region. The questions to be covered include how much energy can berecovered, regardless of the type of technology used or the level of efficiency achieved; the resource’savailability and variability; whether it can easily be stored; and how supply, which depends onenvironmental conditions, can be adapted to meet demand.The course is divided into seven or eightlectures in addition with two specialized conferences on innovative research devices, industrial



demonstrators or projects on marine renewable energy.

1. Introduction, hydroelectric resource

- Economical, environmental and political issues- Various units of energy, primary and final energy- Capacity of some power plants, capacity factor- Water cycle, potential temperature, precipitations- Gravitational energy: resource and energy- Conventional dam: principle, efficiency, power capacity, capacity factor- The mean total head H, head loss, maximum flow rate and power- Environmental impact and carbon budget of hydroelectric power plants

2. Fluvial hydraulics- Flow regimes, Froude number- Hydraulic load of a free surface flow- Fluvial-torrential transition- Hydraulic jump, dissipation- Energy and momentum conservation

3. Turbulent dissipation, bottom friction, fluvial potential- Reynolds decomposition, turbulent dissipation- Prandtl boundary layer- Head loss of a free surface flow: fluvial and torrential regime- Run of river electricity: principle, efficiency, power capacity, capacity factor- Climatic changes and hydroelectric power

4. Tidal wave and tidal power

- History: first uses of tidal power- Astronomical forcing- Rotating shallow-water equations- Ocean response: Kelvin waves and tidal waves- Bay or estuary resonance: energy potential- Impact of bottom friction- Tidal power plant: principle, efficiency, power capacity- Environmental impact of tidal power plants

5. Tidal currents and tidal turbine- Coastal amplification of tidal currents- Wind forcing and gravity currents- Impact of bottom friction- Tidal turbine: principle, Betz law, efficiency, power capacity6. Wave energy- Monochromatic surface wave in shallow and deep waters- Energy and energy flux- Wind forcing, wave spectrum, Pierson-Monkowitz, JONSWAP- Coastal impact : shoaling and refraction- Capacity factor and seasonal variability



- Wave energy converter: history, principle, efficiency and power capacity- Point source absorber, directional absorber, adaptive systems- Advantages and drawbacks

7. Thermal marine energy - Solar radiation and water absorption spectrum- Sea-air heat flux- Oceanic mixed layer, thermocline layer- OTEC systems : principles, efficiency, capacity factor- Practical consideration, environmental impact, biofouling and biogeochemical cycles

RequirementsBasic knowledge in fluid mechanics, Navier-Stokes equations, wave dynamics.

Teaching coordinator : Alexandre STEGNER, Ramiro Godoy-DianaTerm : Winter & SpringECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Monday 18 April 2011

PHY613_RST Introduction to Biomass and Bioenergy

The aim of this course is to introduce students to biomass, the different bioenergy industries and thecross-disciplinary issues related to those industries, including economic and environmental performanceand political context.

1.Introduction:

energy, economic and environmental challenges, biomass resources, different conversion technologies andend uses, environmental and economic benefits, outlook and current obstacles (6 hours of lectures)

2.Biomass production and supply (6 hours of lectures, 3 hours of tutorials)

-Different types of vegetation (annual and perennial crops, forests)-Photosynthesis: main metabolic pathways, regulation-Crop production potential by climatic zone-Agronomic factors in biomass production (inputs, crop cycles, technical constraints)-Efficiency of different types of biomass for energy applications-Logistics and collection

3.Environmental assessment (3 hours of lectures, 90 minutes of tutorials)

-Presentation of the assessment methods available-Life-cycle analysis: principles and application to biomass-Environmental performance and advantages of biomass

4.Political and socioeconomic aspects (6 hours of lectures, 3 hours of tutorials)

-Current situation and potential biomass resources in France, Europe and worldwide



-Opportunity cost in relation to agricultural resources, and supply curves-Integration of positive environmental effects (greenhouse effect) -Public policy on bioenergy and role in the fight against climate change

Field trip, for example to a biomass boiler plant (6 hours).Individual research: analysis of specific case studies.Assessment: oral presentation of case study analysis (3 hours).

Term : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY665_RST Specialization Course in Biomass andBioenergy

The aim of this course is to give students more in-depth knowledge of biomass conversion processes andthe cultivation of lignocellulosic crops.

1.The different types of biomass conversion: descriptions of the processes, energy efficiency, end use,strengths and constraints.

Thermochemical3 hours of lecturesAnaerobic digestion3 hours of lecturesEnzymatic hydrolysis (bioethanol)3 hours of lectures Green chemistry/biorefineries3 hours of lectures

2.Crop productivity and management

Lignocellulosic crops (annual and perennial) 3 hoursShort-rotation coppice 3 hoursForest biomass/forest slash3 hoursAlgae (micro and macro)3 hours

3.Analysis of the various pathways 3 hours

Tour of an industrial pilot unit and INRA's lignocellulosic crop platform at Mons-en-Chaussée in northernFrance (6 hours)Individual research: analysis of an innovative pathway

Teaching coordinator : Benoit GabrielleTerm : Winter & SpringECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

664_RST Wind, solar and hydraulic potential



The Earth's atmosphere, oceans and crust represent a limitless source of energy, as long as we succeed inharnessing it. Developing renewable energies, which generate fewer greenhouse gas emissions, is a majorchallenge for the coming decades. The aim of this course is to give students basic knowledge of small- andmedium-scale physics and hydrodynamics, so that they can estimate the wind, solar or water energypotential of a particular site or region. The questions to be covered include how much energy can berecovered, regardless of the type of technology used or the level of efficiency achieved; the resource’savailability and variability; whether it can easily be stored; and how supply, which depends onenvironmental conditions, can be adapted to meet demand.

The course is divided into three or four lectures and six or seven practical sessions, during which studentswill work in pairs on an experimental or digital project or on data analysis.

Lecture 1: Wind power potential

•Planetary boundary layer•Monin-Obukhov similarity theory•Statistical modelling of wind•Wind variability in complex environments•Wind and wind power potential

Lecture 2: Solar power potential

•Earth’s radiation budget•Surface energy balance•Direct and diffuse solar radiation•Sunlight variability (clouds, aerosols, diurnal cycle)•Solar radiation and heating

Lecture 3: Hydropower potential

•Overview of the technologies currently used and those under development: hydroelectric dams (reservoirand run-of-river), tidal power plants, water turbines, wave power, etc.•Hydraulic load, subcritical/supercritical flow, energy and momentum•Variability of water courses and flood waves•Kelvin waves, application to tidal movements •Harnessing wave power, wave-structure coupling

Lecture 4: Energy storage and/or grid energy storage (GES)

Teaching coordinator : Alexandre STEGNERTerm : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY671_RST New Energies and New Markets

1.Overview: needs, products, customers1.1 Overview of the energy market and trends in supply (fossil fuels vs. alternative energies) and demand



(energy needs: cooking, lighting, pumping, heating, etc.) 1.2 Presentation and overview of existing renewable energy solutions capable of meeting these needs,from the most basic to the most complex and from individual consumers to industry.1.3 Climate change and the associated economic challenges: Kyoto Protocol, carbon trading, etc.2.Spotlight on developed countries2.1 Policies that encourage the development of alternative energies (e.g. France’s Grenelle program)2.2 Systems for encouraging the development of alternative energies (legislation, taxation, etc.)3.Spotlight on developing countries3.1 The energy issues specific to developing countries, such as access to energy, and issues related tolocal legal environments (e.g. how to negotiate and cooperate with the authorities in countries where thegovernment has a monopoly on access to energy but does not possess the resources or skills necessary toimplement this type of project)3.2 Access to energy programs in these countries: presentation of development organizations, the maininternational development programs (World Bank, AFD, etc.) and international financial institutions

Teaching coordinator : Joaquim NASSARTerm : FallECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011

PHY672_RST Project Management, Innovation andEntrepreneurship

One of the career options available to graduates is to become a project manager in an industrial researchlaboratory. This course is therefore designed to train students in project management methods, includingorganizing and defining a project (objective, resources, planning, etc.), analyzing and tracking the risks,identifying the participants and the main stakeholders, and tracking and managing the project (deadline,cost), etc. This part of the course will be taught over 18 hours.

Graduates may also wish to contribute to the development of small businesses focused on renewableenergies. As a result, the program also aims to train students in business development methods, includingthe analysis of markets and the economic, competitive and legal environment, business plan preparationand the fundamentals of setting up a business. Given that alternative energy solutions may be of particularinterest in emerging markets, and in line with the spotlight on developing countries in the New Energies andNew Markets course above, the course will cover the methods specific to the solidarity economy and socialentrepreneurship. The section on business creation and entrepreneurship will be taught over 14 hours.

To specialize in industrial research, students will have to create an access to energy project involving eitherthe development of a new product or the installation of existing products in a small area.

Altogether, the Project Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship course represents 32 hours and 4ECTS credits.

Teaching coordinator : Joaquim NASSARTerm : Winter & SpringNumber of hours : 32ECTS Credits : 4Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011



PHY691_RST Master’s internship

Second semester is dedicated to a research internship in a public or private laboratory in France or abroad.The program prepares students for jobs in research or teaching.

Evaluation mechanismThe student’s thesis will be graded based on an oral examination.

Term : SpringECTS Credits : 23Last Modification : Tuesday 08 March 2011


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