Pa(posteroanterior) cephalometry
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Transcript of Pa(posteroanterior) cephalometry
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POSTEROANTERIOR SKULL PROJECTION
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PA cephalometric projection
second most common skull radiograph used in dentistry evaluation of facial asymmetries assessment of orthognathic surgery outcomes involving the patient’s midline or mandibular-maxillary relationship
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Image Receptor and Patient Placement
image receptor is placed in front of the patient patient is placed so that the canthomeatal line forms a 9-degree angle with the horizontal plane Frankfurt plane is perpendicular to the image receptor For the standard PA skull projection, the canthomeatal line is perpendicular to the image receptor.
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Position of Central X-Ray Beam
perpendicular to the image receptordirected from the posterior to the
anteriorcentered at the level of the bridge of
the nose
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Resultant Image
The midsagittal plane should divide the skull image into two symmetric halves. The superior border of the petrous ridge should lie in the lower third of the orbit
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Interpretation
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The end