panchyat set 12345 - Municipalities of Kerala · F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ XXXX P\Iobmkq{XWØns ...
Transcript of panchyat set 12345 - Municipalities of Kerala · F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ XXXX P\Iobmkq{XWØns ...
2 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
{Kma-Øns‚ Bh-iy-߃ D∂-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v
A\p-tbm-Py-amb hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v
ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambpw KpW-ta-∑-tbm-sSbpw hnI-k\ t£a-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Imcy-£-a-ambn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v
Agn-aXn \n¿Ωm¿÷\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v
kpXm-cyX Dd∏v hcp-Øp-∂-Xn\v
kmaq-lnI \oXn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp \h-`m-c-X-kr-jvSn°v
hnI
k\
Øns
‚DuSpw ]mhpw
{Kma-k-̀ -bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pI!A[n-Imcw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°pI!
`c-W-L-S-\m-]-c-ambn A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ P\-߃°v t\cn´v
]¶m-fnØw e`n-°p∂ GI kwhn-[m\w
{Kma-k` aq∂v amk-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ tbmKw tNcp∂p
{Kma-k-`-bpsS Izmdw 10 iX-am\w
hchv sNehv IW-°p-Iƒ BUn‰v sNøp∂p
hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS dnt∏m¿´v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂p
tkmjy¬ HmUn‰v \SØp∂p
]≤-Xn-bm-kq-{XWw \n¿Δ-lWw F∂n-h-bn¬ kPoh
]¶m-fnØw e`n-°p∂p
bYm¿∞ KpW-t`m-‡m-°sf t\cn´v sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂p{Kma
-k`
]ªn-kn‰n hn`m-Kw, ]©m-bØv hIp∏v
3]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
D]tZiI kanXn
sNb¿am≥
]mtemfn apl-ΩZvIp´n Xt±ikzbw`cW hIp∏v a{¥n
AwK߃
Fkv.-Fw. hnP-bm-\μv , sF.F.-Fkv.{]n≥kn∏¬ sk{I´dn, Xt±ikzbw`cWhIp∏v
]n. thWp-tKm-]m¬, sF.F.-FkvUbdIvS¿
C≥^¿ta-j≥& ]ªnIv dntej≥kv hIp∏v
sI. \mcm-b-W≥{]kn-U‚ v
tIcf {Kma]©mbØv Atkmkntbj≥
_n.F-kv. {]k-∂≥sk{I´dn
{]kv ¢∫v, Xncph\¥]pcw
Pn. lcn-Ir-jvW≥]ªnkn‰n Hm^ok¿
I¨ho-\¿
F. APnXvIpam¿, sF.F.Fkv.]©mbØv UbdIvS¿
FUn-‰¿
F. APnXvIpam¿, IASPh: 0471-2323286
Akn v FUn-‰¿
Pn. lcn-Ir-jvW≥Ph: 0471-2321054
BKÃv 2007]pkvXIw 47
e°w 5hm¿jnI hcnkwJy 90 cq]
teJIcpsS A`n{]mbw
k¿°mcnt‚Xmbncn°Wsa∂n√.
AhbpsS ]q¿Æamb DØchmZnXzw
teJI¿°v
am{Xambncn°pw.
Ih¿ Unssk≥ & te Hu v́]n.hn. IrjvW≥
sh_vssk‰vWWW.localgovkerala.net
]©mbØvcmPv
t]Pp-I-fn¬4 FUn-‰-dpsS t]Pv
P\Iobmkq{XWØns‚ e£ywC.Fw.Fkv \ºqXncn∏mSv 5
8 IqSpX¬ Imcy£aXtbmsS P\Iobmkq{XWw ho≠pw˛hn.Fkv. ANypXm\μ≥
10 ]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\Iobmkq{XWwkmaqly\oXnbpw hnIk\hpw {][m\ AP≠˛]mtemfn aplΩZvIp´n
13 P\Iobmkq{XWØns‚ kn≤m¥hpw {]tbmKhpw C∂v˛kn.]n.\mcmbW≥
17 {]mtZinIXe Bkq{XWØn\v th≠ aps∂mcp°w˛hn.sP. X¶∏≥ Fw.F¬.F
20 P\Iobmkq{XWwe£yw kpÿnc hnIk\w˛s{]m^. kn. cho{μ\mYv Fw.F¬.F
22 ]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xnbpw Pn√m Bkq{XWkanXnbpw˛Fw.hn. _meIrjvW≥ amÿ
26 ]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn ̨ ̀ c-W-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ P\-߃°vIqSp-X¬ CSw \¬IWw˛Fkv.Fw. hnPbm\μv sF.F.Fkv
32 hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWhpw ssIam‰w sNbvX ÿm]\ßfpw˛F. APnXvIpam¿ sF.F.Fkv
35 IpSpw_{iobpw P\Iobmkq{XWhpw˛imcZmapcfo[c≥ sF.F.Fkv
41 Rm≥ `qan \o a\pjy≥ (IhnX)˛kn.F®v.Ckvabn¬
42 P\Iobmkq{XWw˛s{]m^. ]n.sI. cho{μ≥
44 P\Iobmkq{XWhpw {Kmak`bpw˛sI. \mcmbW≥
47 ]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xnbn¬ h\nXm LSI]≤Xn˛Nne ]›mØe Nn¥Iƒ˛tUm. ‰n.F≥. koa
51 kZv`cW \n¿ΔlW]≤Xnbn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠mIWw˛sI. cmPtiJc≥
54 \o¿ØS߃ AYhm \o¿adnIƒ˛hn. kp`mjvN{μt_mkv
56 Imjv_p°v FgpXp∂sXßs\?˛DZb`m\p It≠Øv
4 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\Iobmkq{XWw
]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\Iobmkq{XWw BKÃv 17˛\v DZvLmS\w
sNøpIbmWv.
A[nImchntI{μoIcWw hm°nepw A¿∞Ønepw Xs∂ \S∏mIW
sa¶n¬ AXns\Xncmb i‡nIsf {]Xntcm[n°p∂Xn\v Hcp P\Iob
{]ÿm\Øn\v am{Xta IgnbpIbp≈qsh∂ Xncn®dnhn¬ \n∂mWv, ]Xns\m∂v
h¿j߃°v ap≥]v P\Iobmkq{XW {]ÿm\w DSseSp°p∂Xv. P\Iobm
kq{XWw Hcp ]pØ≥ ]co£Wambncp∂p. kakvX taJeIfnsebpw
P\hn`mKßsf {]mtZinIXe Bkq{XW \n¿ΔlW {]{InbbpsS ̀ mKam°n
am‰n, kwÿm\Øv Hcp \h hnIk\ kwkv°mcØn\v \mμn Ipdn°m≥
P\Iobmkq{XWØn\v Ign™p. kwÿm\Øns‚ hnhn[ {]tZißfn¬
P\Iob hnIk\ amXrIIƒ ˛ N∏mc∏Shnse P\Iob]mew, HfhÆbnse
ip≤PehnXcW ]≤Xn, I™n°pgnbnse ]®°dnIrjn, Ip∂ØpImense
sXmgn¬tk\ D≠mbn. tIcfw cmPyØn\v Xs∂ amXrIbmbn.
F∂m¬ P\Iobmkq{XWw Bcw`L´Øn¬ krjvSn® XmfthKw \ne\n¿
Ønt∏mcp∂Xn\v \ap°v Ign™n√. Bkq{XWØnepw \n¿ΔlWØnepw
Akqbmhlamb coXnbnep≠mb P\]¶mfnØØn¬ h∂ Ipdhv, DZv]mZ\
taJebnse apcSn∏v, sa®s∏´ tkh\w P\߃°v \¬Ip∂Xnep≠mb
t]mcmbva XpSßnbhsb√mw ssIhcn® t\´ßƒ°v aßteev]n®ncp∂p.
AXpsIm≠v Ign™ c≠v ]©h’c ]≤XnbpsSbpw A\p`h]mT߃
Dƒs°m≠v \nehnep≈ {]iv\ßfpw sh√phnfnIfpw ]cnlcn®v hntI{μo
IrXmkq{XWw hyhÿm]nXam°p∂Xn\mWv ]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\Iobm
kq{XWw e£yanSp∂Xv. Im¿jnI taJebpsS ]p\cp≤mcWw, s]mXptkh\ßfpsS KpWta∑ h¿≤n∏n°¬, Zcn{Z P\hn`mK߃°v ap≥KW\ \¬In
kmaqly\oXnbpw kZv`cWhpw Dd∏m°pI XpSßn bhbv°mWv ]Xns\m∂mw
]≤Xnbn¬ ap≥Xq°w \¬IpI. imkv{XobmSnÿm\Ønep≈ _lpXeBkq{XW Bh¿Ø\XXzambncn°pw πm\nwKn\v Ahew_n°pI.
tIcfØns‚ kar≤amb a\pjyhn`htijn D]tbmKs∏SpØn P\{]Xn\n[nIfpsSbpw DtZymKÿcpsSbpw hnZKv≤cpsSbpw Iq´mbvabneqsS am{Xta
Dt±ie£yw t\Sm≥ IgnbpIbp≈q.
Cu [\yaplq¿ØØn¬ e£ykm£mXvIcWØn\v HsØmcpan®p{]h¿Øn°psa∂v \ap°v {]Xn⁄sbSp°mw.
FUn‰¿
FUn‰dpsS t]Pv
5]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[nbpw
tIcf kwÿm\ cq]o-I-c-Whpw Ign-™m¬
Cu kwÿm-\Øp \S∂
G‰hpw hnπ-h-I-c-amb Hcp {]ÿm-\-amWp
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw.
F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬
P\Iobmkq{XWØns‚e£ywC.Fw.Fkv. \ºqXncn∏mSv
6 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
]pdsa {Kma-k-`-I-fnepw hm¿Upk`-I-fnepw ]s¶-SpØ sXmgn-emfn I¿j-
ImZn _lp-P-\-ß-fmWv. Ah-cpsS
samØw FÆw 27 e£w hcpw.Aßs\ XnI®pw P\-Io-b-amb N¿®m
{]{In-b-bn-eq-sS-bmWv \ΩpsS HºXmw
]≤Xn cq]-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xv.
CtX-h-scsØ Bkq-{XW {]{In-
b-bn¬ kwÿm-\-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-k-ºØpw hcp-am-\hpw h¿[n-∏n-°m-\m-h-
iy-amb Dev]m-Z\ taJe˛hnti-jn®pw
Irjnbpw hyh-km-b-ßfpw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´p InS-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. kmaq-
ly-ta-J-e-bpsS hnI-k-\-Øn¬ Du∂n
\n¬°p∂ Bkq{X-W-amWv CtX-hsc D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. AXp-am‰n D¬∏m-
Z\ taJ-e -Iƒ°pw {]mapJyw
\¬Ip∂ {]ÿm-\-amWv P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw. \ap-°m-h-iy-amb Acn-bpsS
Imcy -Øn¬ C∂p≈ IΩn Ipd -
bv°pI, a‰p ̀ £y-km-a-{Kn-I-fmb ]®-
°dn, ]g-߃, a’y-amw-km-Zn-Iƒ, ap´
F∂n-h-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Htcm ]©m-
bØpw kzbw ]cym]vXn t\SpI
F∂nh P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-Øns‚
e£y-amWv.
Cu ImgvN-∏m-tSmsS {]h¿Øn®v
Hmtcm ]©m-b-Øn-s‚bpw \K-c-k-̀ -bp-
sSbpw AXn¿Øn-°p-≈n¬ kmº-Øn-
tIm¬∏m-Z\w h¿[n-∏n-°-W-sa-¶n¬
P\-߃ ]cn-N-bn-®n-´p≈ kmt¶-XnI
am¿§-߃ ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw ]pXnb
kmt¶-XnI am¿§-߃ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-
Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v A≤zm-\n-°p∂
_lp-P-\-ßfpw imkv{X-km-t¶-Xn-I-
hnZym hnZ-Kv≤cpw XΩn¬ ]q¿W-ambn
kl-I-cn-°Ww. B At\ym-\y- k-l-
I-cWw kwL-Sn-∏n-°-emWp P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ Hcp e£yw.
CXp {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°-W-sa-¶n¬,
Ign™ 40 h¿j-°m-e-ambn tIc-f-
Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈ A[n-Im-c-cm-jv{So-
b-Øn\p ]Icw D¬∏m-Z\ h¿≤-\-bn-eqsS \m´n≥]p-d-ß-sfbpw ]´-W-{]-tZ-
i-ß-sfbpw hnI-kn-∏n -°p-∂-Xn¬
tI{μo-Ir-X-amb Hcp ]pØ≥ hnI-k\cmjv{Sobw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°Ww. A[n-
Im-c-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂-h¿ Ahn-sS-Øs∂
A≈n-∏n-Sn-®n-cn-°p-Ibpw shfn-bn-ep-≈-h¿ A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-sØ-Øm≥ {ian-
°p -Ibpw am{Xw sNøp∂ A[n -
Imccmjv{So-b-Øn\p ]Icw D¬]m-Z\h¿≤-\-hn¬ tI{μo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈
hnI-k-\-Øns‚ cmjv{Sobw cq]-s∏-Sp-
ØWw. B\p-Im-en-I-ambn \S-°p∂sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-I-fn¬ Pbw t\Sm≥
CtX-hsc Zn√n-bnepw Xncp-h-\-¥-
]p-cØpw tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cp∂ Bkq-{X-W-Øns‚ t\XrXzw ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn-
te°pw \K-c-k-̀ -I-fn-te°pw am{X-a√,
{Kma-k-`-I-fp-sSbpw hm¿Up-k-`-I-fp-sSbpw N¿®-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂
e£-°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-fn-te°v amdn-bn-
cn-°p∂p. Ct∏mƒ XpS-ßn-bn-´p≈9-˛mw ]©-h-’-c-]-≤-Xn°p tIc-f-
Øn¬ cq]w \¬In-bXp {XnXe ]©m-
b-Øp-Iƒ, \K-c-k-̀ -Iƒ F∂n-hbv°p
7]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
{ian-°p∂ cmjv{Sob ]m¿´n-I-tfm-
tcm∂pw A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-cn-°p-t∂-
SØp {]Xn -]£ kl-I-cWw
tXSnbpw A[n-Im-c-Øn-en-√m-tØ-SØv
A[n -Im -c -Øn -e n -c n -°p -∂ -h¿°p
klmbw \¬Inbpw hnI-k-\-Øn-t‚-
Xmb Hcp ]pØ≥ cmjv{Sobw cq]-s∏-
Sp-ØWw.
{Kma-k-`-I-fnepw hm¿Up-k-`-I-
fnepw ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ P\-e-£-߃
hnhn[ h¿K-ßfpw _lp-P-\-hn-̀ m-K-ß-
fp-ambn Xncn-™n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Ah-
bvt°m-tcm-∂n\pw AX-Xn-t‚-Xmb
h¿K-_-lp-P\ kwL-S-\-I-fp≠v. hyh-
km-b-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS t{SUv bpWn-
b-\p-Iƒ, Im¿jn-I-sØm-gn-em-fn-I-fpsS
bqWn-b-\p -Iƒ, ]Wn-sb-Sp -°p∂
Irjn-°m-cpsS I¿jI kwL-߃,
Kh¨sa‚ v Poh-\-°m-c-S-°-ap≈ CS-
Øcw Poh-\-°m¿, A[ym -] -I¿,
hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ, bph-P-\-߃, aln-f-
Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kwL-S-\-Ifpw
a‰pw. Cu s]mcp-Xp∂ kwL-S-\-Isf
]q¿W-ambn kl-I-cn-∏n-®p-sImt≠
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw hnP-bn-∏n-°m≥
Ign-bp-I-bp≈q.
CØ-c-Øn¬ hnhn[ cmjv{Sob
]m¿´n-I-fp-sSbpw A≤zm-\n-°p∂
_lp-P-\-ß-fpsS s]mcp-Xp∂ kwL-
S-\-I-fp-sSbpw ]q¿W kl-I-c-W-
tØmsS \m´n≥]p-d-ß-fnepw ]´-W-
{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw
kwL-Sn -∏n® v , ]W-ap -≈-h -cpsS
ssIøn¬ \n∂pw ]Ww, km[-\-߃
D≈-h-cpsS ssIøn¬ \n∂pw km[-
\-߃, Cu c≠p hn`m-K-ß-fn-ep-ap-
≈-h-cnepw ]Wtam km[-\tam
ssIøn-en-√m-Ø-h-cnepw \n∂p {ia-
Zm\w F∂nh tN¿Øp {Kma-k-̀ -Ifpw
hm¿Up -k-` -Ifpw Xøm -dm -°p∂
]≤Xn \S-∏m-°m-\m-h-iy-amb [\-hn-
`-h-߃ tiJ-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw. AXn-
eqsS {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p∂ hnI-k\
]≤-Xn-I-fmWv Bkq-{XW {]ÿm-\-
Øns‚ hnPbw.
CsXmcp ]pØ≥ ]co-£-W-amWv.
CXp-t]mse P\-ß-sf-bmsI PmXn-
aX˛I£n t`Z-an-√msX AWn-\n-cØn
hn`-h-k-am-l-c-Whpw ]≤Xn \S-Øn
∏pw {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p∂ Hcp kwhn-
[m\w as‰mcp kwÿm-\Øpw CtX-
hsc cq]w sIm≠n-´n√. tIc-f-Øn¬
AXn\p cq]w \¬In-sb-∂XmWv Chn-
SpsØ Bkq-{XW t_m¿Un-s‚bpw
CS-Xp-]£ P\m-[n-]Xy Kh¨sa‚n-s‚bpw t\´w.
]Øv h¿j߃°v apºv tUm.‰n.Fw. tXmakv
sFk°ns‚ P\Iobmkq{XWw˛kn≤m
¥hpw {]tbmKhpw F∂ ]pkvXIØn\v P\
Iobmkq{XW {]ÿm\Øns‚ D∂XXe
am¿§\n¿t±iI kanXn A≤y£\mbncp∂
C.Fw.Fkv \ºqXncn∏mSv FgpXnb AhXmcn
Ibn¬ \n∂v.
GXm\pw h¿j-߃°p apºv
tIc-f-Øn¬ Bcw-`n® hntI-{μo-
IrX Bkq{XWØn\m -bp≈
Iymº-bn≥ {i≤ A¿ln-°p-s∂mcp
]co-£-W-am-Wv. \n›-b-am-bp-anXv
Km‘n-b≥ k¶ev]w Xs∂-bm-Wv.
B[p -\nI kml-N -cy -Ønepw
AXn\v {]k-‡n-bp≠v. kwÿm-\-
Øns‚ ]≤-Xn-bpsS 35˛40 iX-
am\w Xt±i`c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃
Xøm-dm-°p∂ t{]mP-Œp-Iƒ°pw
]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°p-ambn ssIam-dn.
Cu A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-Whpw
Xmsg-Ø-´n-te°v ]Ww \¬In-
bXpw IogvX-e-Øn-ep≈ P\-
߃°v kmº-ØnI A[n-Imcw
\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXv hnI-k\
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Ah-cpsS
Bth-isØ DtØ-Pn-∏n-®p. hnhn[
taJ-e-I-fn¬ Xß-fpsS D∂-a-\-
Øn-\mbn Iq´mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-
Xn\v hntI-{μo-I-cWw Ah¿°v
t{]c-W-bm-bn. tZiob ]c-am-[n-Im-
csØ Ih¿∂p sIm≠p≈
BtKm - f - h - X vI - c -W -Øns‚
A‘hpw XSpØp \n¿Øm-\m-hm-
Ø-Xp-amb apt∂-‰-Øn\p ap∂n¬
\n -lm-b-cmbn P\X \n¬°p∂
\mfp-I-fn-eqsSbmWv \mw IS-∂p-
s]m-bvs°m-≠n-cn -°p-∂-Xv. Cu
ÿnXnhnti-j-Øn-\p≈ Hcp {]Xn-
hn[n Hcp ]t£, {Kma-X-e-Øn-
te°v A[n-Imcw hntI-{μo-I-cn®v
\¬I-em-bn-cn-°pw.
2000-˛se kzmX-{¥y-Zn-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v
ap≥ cmjv{S-]Xn sI.-B¿. \mcm-b-W≥
cmjv{S-Øn\v \¬Inb ktμ-i-Øn¬ \n∂v
tIc-f-Ønse hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-{X-W-sØ-
°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿in® `mK-w.
sI.-B¿. \mcm-b-W≥ap≥ cmjv{S-]Xn
\n›bambpwCXvKm‘nb≥k¶ev]w
8 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
IqSpX¬ Imcy£aXtbmsS
hn.Fkv. ANyp-Xm-\-μ≥apJya{¥n
A[n-Im -c -hn -tI - {μo -I -cWw
G‰hpw km¿Y-I-ambn \S-∏m-°m≥
Ign™ kwÿm-\-amWv tIcfw.
]Øv h¿jw apºv Bhn-jv°-cn®p \S-
∏m-°nb P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw A[n-Im-
c-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-W-Øns‚ ]pXn-sbmcp
amXr-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. HºXmw ]©-h-
’c ]≤Xn P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW ]≤-
Xn-bmbn km£m-Xv°-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-
cp∂p. kwÿm-\-Øns‚ ]≤Xn XpI-
bpsS \mev]Xv iX-am-\hpw {XnX-e-]-
©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v \¬Ip-I-bm-bn-cp∂p
F¬.Un.F^v Kh¨sa‚ v.
Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂pw Fgp-]-Øn-\mepw
`c-W-L-S\m t`Z-K-Xn-bn-eqsS {XnXe
]©m-bØv kwhn-[m\w cmPy-ØmsI
{]m_-ey-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂p-sh-∂Xv
icn-bmWv. Gsd-°psd F√m kwÿm-
\Øpw AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
sXc-s™-Sp∏v \S-Øp-Ibpw AXp-hgn
{XnXe Xt±-i-`-cW kwhn-[m\w \ne-
hn¬ hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬
A[n-Im-chpw AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v hnI-k-
\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw t£a-\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw
kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]Whpw \¬Ip-
∂-Xn¬ ]e kwÿm-\-ßfpw th≠{X
Xmev]-cy-sa-Sp-Øn√. tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬
{XnXe ]©m-bØv kwhn-[m\w \ne-
hn¬ hcp-∂-Xn\v h¿j-߃°p apºv
Xs∂ ]›n-a-_w-Km-fn¬ tPymXn-
_kp Kh¨sa‚ v amXr-Im-]-c-ambn
AXv \S-∏n-em-°n-bn-cp∂p.
1987˛se CS-Xp-]-£-P-\m-[n-]-Xy-ap-
∂Wn Kh¨sa‚ v Pn√m-Iu¨kn¬
cq]o-I-cn-®Xv A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cW
Ncn-{X-Ønse Hcp kph¿W A[ym-
b-amWv. Pn√m Iu¨kn¬ Xnc-s™-
Sp-∏n¬ CS-Xp-]-£-P-\m-[n-]-Xy-ap-
∂Wn alm-̀ q-cn-]£w Pn√-bnepw hnP-
bn®p. F∂m¬ A[nIw sshImsX
kwÿm-\Øv `c-W-am-‰ -ap -≠mbn.
A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-W-Øn¬ amXr-
I-kr-jvSn®v ]n®-sh®p \S-°m≥ XpS-
ßnb Pn√m-Iu¨kn-ep-Isf BZyw
NØ-Xn-s\m-°pta Pohn-®n-cn-°epw
F∂ Ah-ÿ-bn-em°n. 1991 ¬ A[n-
Im-c-Øn¬ h∂ Kh¨sa‚ v Ipd-®p-
Imew Ign-™-t∏mƒ AXns\ Igp-
Øp-sR-cn-®p-sIm-√p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
At∏m-tgbv°pw ̀ c-W-L-S\m t`Z-KXn
\ne-hn¬h∂p.
1996 se F¬.Un.F^v Kh¨
9]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
sa‚ v P\-Io -bm -kq - {XW ]≤Xn
HºXmw ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-bp-ambn
_‘-s∏-´m-bn-cp-∂p Bhnjv°cn®Xv.
ap≥am-Xr-I-sbm-∂p-an-√mØ Hcp kwhn-
[m-\-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. AXp-sIm-≠p-
Xs∂ t_m[-h-ev°-c-W-Øn\pw ]cn-
io-e-\-Øn\pw Gsd ka-b-sa-Sp-t°
≠n h∂p. kzbw a\- n-em-°pI F∂-
Xm-bn-cp∂p P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-Øns‚
BZy-`mKw. F√m {]tZ-i-Øn\pw Hcp
kzXz-ap≠v. tZio-b-X-bpsS `mK-amb
{]mtZ-in-IX˛]c-kv]c ]qc-I-am-WXv.
{]mtZ-inI Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw
AXXv {]mtZ-isØ hn`-h-ßfpw
Bh-iy-ßfpw a\- n-em°n tcJ-s∏-
Sp-Øm\pw h¿Ø-am-\hpw `mhn-bp-sa-
ß-s\-sb∂v hn`m-h\w sNøm\pw P\-
Io-bm-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ `mK-ambn km
[yambn.
P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ `mK-
ambn BSv, tImgn hnX-c-W-amWv {][m-
\-ambpw \S-∂-sX∂v Nne¿ Bt£-
]n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. Zmcn-{Zy-tc-Jbv°v
Xmsg-bp-≈-hsc Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp-
∂-Xn\v AØcw ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-∏m-
°p-I-bp-≠mbn. ̀ h-\-c-ln-X-cmb ]Xn-
\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\p IpSpw-_-߃°v
hoSv sh®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™p-sh-
∂Xv P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ {][m\
t\´-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv. {Kma-k` N¿®
sNbvXv G‰hpw Ai-c-W-cm-b-hsc
Is≠-Øn-bmWv hoSv \¬In-bXv. C
ßs\ Pt\m-]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb Ht´sd
\S-]-Sn-IƒssIs°m-≈m≥ Ign™p.
DtZym-K-ÿ¿ ta¬Ø-´n¬ \n∂v
\n¿t±-in-°p∂ hnI-k\ {]hr-Øn-Iƒ
\S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Xmtg-X-´n¬
\n∂v P\-߃ Xnc-s™-Sp-°p∂ ]≤-
Xn-Iƒ, P\-߃ \n›-bn-°p∂ ap≥K-
W-\m-{]-Imcw \S-∏m-°m≥ Ign™p.
F∂m¬ P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW {]h
¿Ø-\-Øn\v \nc-h[n t]mcm-bva-I-fp-
≠m-bn-cp∂p. Nne ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ
henb hogvN-Xs∂ hcpØn. IW-°p-
Iƒ IrXy-ambn kq£n-°p-∂-Xnepw
]te-SØpw hogvN h∂p. am¿K-\n¿t±-
i-߃ bm{¥n-I-ambn \S-∏m-°m≥
{ian-®-Xns‚ {]iv\-ß-fp-≠mbn. skan-
\m-dp-Iƒ°pw tbmK-߃°pw IqSp-
X¬ {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂p -sh∂
Bt£-]-ap-≠mbn. GXm\pw Nne
ÿe-ß-fn¬ IΩn-‰n-Iƒ \S-tØ≠
{]hr-Øn-Iƒ Icm-dp-Im¿°v \¬Inb
{]iv\-ß-fp-≠mbn. ]≤Xn hnln-X-
ambn A\p-h-Zn® XpI-bn¬ \s√mcp
]¶pw em]vkm°p∂ ÿnXnbpw
D≠mbn.
CsX√mw _mem-cn-jvS-X-I-fmWv.
AsX√mw ]cn-l-cn®v apt∂m-´p-t]m-hp-
I -bmWv th≠Xv. F∂m¬ ap≥
k¿°m-cns‚ ImeØv P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-
W-Øns‚ t]cv tIc-f -hn-I-k\ ]≤
Xn F∂m°n am‰n. t]cv am‰p-∂Xv
{]iv\-a√. F∂m¬ ]≤-Xn -bpsS
A¥x-kØ Xs∂ am‰p∂ A\p-`-h-
am-Wp-≠m-bXv.
Ct∏mƒ ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]©-h-’-
c-]-≤-Xn-bpsS XpS-°-ambn. IqSp-X¬
Imcy-£-a-ambn P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW
]≤Xn \S-∏m-°m≥ k¿°m¿ Xocp-am-
\n-®n-cn-°-bmWv. ap≥ A\p-`-h-Øns‚
shfn-®-Øn¬ t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-l-
cn®v ]≤Xn ̂ e-{]-Z-ambn \S-∏m-°m≥
Ign-bWw.
{XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-Ifpw \K-c-k-
`-Ifpw A¿∏-W-t_m-[-tØmsS {]h¿
Øn-®m¬ am{Xta hn`m-h\w sNbvX
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw
hnP-bn-∏n-s®-Sp-°m-\mhq.
Ct∏mƒ
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]©-h-’-c-]-≤-Xn-bpsS XpS-°-ambn.
IqSp-X¬ Imcy-£-a-ambn
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW ]≤Xn \S-∏m-°m≥
k¿°m¿ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°-bmWv.
ap≥ A\p-̀ -h-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬
t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn®v
]≤Xn
^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-∏m-°m≥ Ign-bWw.
P\Iobmkq{XWw ho≠pw
10 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
tIcfw A`napJoIcn®ncp∂
hnIk\ apcSn∏n\p hncmaanSm≥
Bcw`n® P\Iob {]ÿm\amWv Ncn{XØn¬ CSw t\Snb P\Iobmkq
{XWw. Ign™ ]Øph¿jsØ
hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWØns‚ ̂ eambn tIcfØnse s]mXpPohnXØn¬
KpW]camb am‰ap≠mbn F∂Xn¬
X¿°ap≠mhn√. \mSns‚bpw kaqlØns‚bpw \m\mhn[ {]iv\ßfn¬
Imcy£aambn CSs]Sm≥ X°h
Æap≈ i‡n kºmZn°m≥ CXn\Iw
Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]\߃°p
Ign™p. tI{μKh¨sa‚ v, kwÿm\
Kh¨sa‚ v F∂o c≠v P\Iob`cW kwhn[m\w am{XamWv \ΩpsS
ap∂n¬ D≠mbncp∂Xv . CtX
ÿm\Øv 1223 Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]\߃ Iq´ntN¿°s∏´ncn°p
∂p. A[nImchntI{μoIcWØns‚
^eambp≠mb AXp√yamb t\´
Øns‚ ^eamWnXv.
kmaqly\oXnbpwhnIk\hpw{][m\ AP≠
11̨mw ]
≤Xn P
\Iobm
kq{XW
w]mtemfn aplΩZvIp´n
Xt±ikzbw`cW hIp∏v a{¥n
F´p ]©h’c]≤XnIƒ \S∏n
em°nbn´pw \ΩpsS cmPyØnse
hnIk\ {]iv\߃°pw ]mhs∏´
hcpsS PohnX {]iv\߃°pw ]cn
lmcap≠m°m≥ Ign™n√. H≥
]Xmw ]©h’c ]≤Xn Hcp P\
Iob]≤Xnbmbn \S∏nem°m≥ Xocp
am\n®Xv Cu kmlNcyØnemWv.
Bkq{XWØnepw ]≤Xn \SØn
∏nepw P\߃°v t\cn´v ]¶mfnØw
Dd∏m°p∂ P\Iobmkq{XW{]
ÿm\Øn\v cq]w \¬Im≥ C.Fw.
Fkns\ t]mep≈hsc t{]cn∏n®Xv
\mSnt\mSpw P\ßtfmSpap≈ {]Xn
_≤XbmWv. AXn\ninXamb hna¿
i\ßfpw ISpØ sh√phnfnIfp
amWv CXns‚ kwLmSI¿°v t\cn
tS≠n h∂Xv. Hcp ]pXnb ]co£W
sa∂ \nebn¬ Cu kwcw`tØmSv
Aev]w t]mepw Zbhv ImWn°m≥
]mcºcy hmZnIƒ Xømdmbn√. ap≥
11]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Ime A\p`hØns‚ A`mhØn
¬ ]e A\`nejWob {]hWX
Ifpw P\Iobmkq{XWØn¬ IS∂p
IqSnsb¶nepw Cu {]ÿm\w
AXyp÷zeamb P\]n¥pWtbmSp
IqSn apt∂m´p t]mbn. tIcfØn
se∂√ temI{i≤Xs∂ ]nSn®p
]‰p∂ Hcp almkw`hambn P\
Iobmkq {XW {]ÿm\w amdn. tIcf
PohnXØns‚ kakvX taJeI
fnepw ]pXnsbmcp am‰Øn\v XpS°w
Ipdn°m≥ P\Iobmkq{XWØn\v
Ign™p. P\Iobmkq{XWØns‚
alXzw a\ nem °m≥ sFIycmjv{S
k` \SØnb hnebncpج am{Xw
[mcmfw aXnbmIp∂XmWv. 2003 se
am\h hnIk\ dnt∏m¿´n¬ C°mcyw
hy‡ambn tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.
bp.F≥.Un.]n. C≥Uy≥ {]Xn\n
[n tUm. {_≥UmtK saIvkzo\n ]pd
Ønd°nb {]kvXpX dnt∏m¿´n¬
Cßs\ ]dbp∂p.
{]mtZinI thmf≠nb¿am¿
{]tXyIn®pw imkv{X kmlnXy ]cn
jØns‚ {]h¿ØI¿, k¿Δokn¬
\n∂p hncan®h¿, F©n\ob¿am¿,
tUmIvS¿am¿, s{]m^k¿am¿, a‰v
s{]m^jWepIƒ F∂nhcmWv
P\Iobmkq{XW]≤Xn apt∂m´p
sIm≠p t]mbXv. Hmtcm {]tZi
Øns‚bpw Bhiyßsf°pdn®pw
hn`htijnsb°pdn®pw Cu k∂≤
{]h¿ØI¿ hnebncpØnb tijw B
hnhc߃ ]©mbØn\pw \Kc
kanXn°pw ssIamdpIbpw AXns‚
ASnÿm\Øn¬ hnIk\]≤XnIƒ
BhnjvIcn°pIbpw sNbvXp. Cu
]≤XnIƒ Bkq{XWw sNøp∂
Xn\pw \S∏m°p∂Xn\pw ta¬t\m´w
hln°p∂Xn\pw k∂≤{]h¿Ø
I¿°v ]cnioe\hpw \¬In.
h¿≤n® coXnbnep≈ {]mtZinI
]¶mfnØw ]Øp iXam\tØmfw
hn`htijn kuP\yambn {]Zm\w
sNøp∂Xn\v ImcWambn. `uXnI
]Zm¿∞ßfpw sXmgn¬ i‡nbpw
Zm\ambn \¬InbmWv Cu t\´w ssI
hcn°m\mbXv. CXns‚ ^eambn
]≤XnXpIbpsS hensbmcp `mKw
]´n PmXn˛h¿§ hn`mK߃°mbn
sNe hgn®p. ]≤XnØpIbpsS
ap∏Xv iX am\tØmfw Cu hn`mK
Øn\v hoSp \n¿Ωn°m≥ sNehgn®p.
\aps°√mh¿°pw H∂n°m\p≈A]q¿Δamb AhkcamWv
\ΩpsS ap∂n¬Xpd∂n´ncn°p∂Xv.
\ΩpsS \mSns\bpw a\pjyscbpwkvt\ln°p∂ F√mhcpwCu alXvkwcw`Øn¬
]s¶Sp°Ww
12 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
h\nXIƒ°p≈ {]tXyI ]≤Xn
bpsS ]Øp iXam\w sNehgn®Xpw
{it≤bamb t\´amWv. ]®°dn D¬
]mZ\w, Xp∂¬ skmssk‰n, AwK
≥hmSn, kv{XoIƒ°mbp≈ IΩyqWn
‰n sk‚dpIƒ F∂nhbv°mWv Cu
XpI sNehgn®Xv. s]mXptaJebn¬
BtcmKy]cn]me\w, km£cX
F∂nhbv°mbn Bcw`n® ]pXnb
]≤XnIƒ ImcWw Cu c≠p taJ
ebnepw h≥]ptcmKXn t\Sm\mbn.
tIcfØn¬ P\Iobmkq{XW
]≤Xn hnPbn°m\p≈ F´p ImcW
ßfpw dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]cma¿in°p
∂p≠v.
{]mtZinI BhiyßtfmSp≈
P\ßfpsS s]s´∂p≈ {]XnIc
WamWv CXnsem∂v . AgnaXn
km[yX Ipdhpw kpXmcyXbpw
P\ßtfmSp≈ DØchmZnØhpw
]≤XnIƒ \√ coXnbn¬ ]q¿Øn
bm°m≥ klmbn°p∂p. sa®s∏´
ASnÿm\ tkh\ßfpsSbpw hnhc
ßfpsSbpw e`yX, IqSpX¬ Imew
CuSp\n¬°p∂ ]≤XnIƒ, A`n
{]mb hyXymk߃ ]cnlcn°m
\p≈ i‡amb am[ya߃, F¥pw
Gs‰Sp°m≥ Xømdmb Du¿Pkz
eamb {]mtZinI hy‡nIfpsS
km∂n[yw, h¿≤n® tXmXnep≈
cmjv{Sob {]mXn\n[yw, {]m¥oIcn°
s∏´ hwiob hn`mK߃°pw kv{Xo
Iƒ°pw IqSpX¬ {]mXn\n[yw F∂n
hbmWv P\Iobmkq{XW ]≤XnIƒ
hnPbn°p∂Xn\p≈ a‰p ImcWß
sf∂v dnt∏m¿´n¬ Nq≠n°m´p∂p.
P\Iobmkq{XW{]ÿm\w Bcw
`n°ptºmƒ ap≥ Ime A\p`h߃
\ap°v ]mTamIWw. ]m¿izh¬
°cn°s∏´hsc PohnXØns‚
apJy[mcbnte°v sIm≠p hcp∂
XmWv bYm¿∞ hnIk\w. hoSv,
sshZypXn, sh≈w, I°qkv, Btcm
Kyw, hnZym`ymkw F∂nh ]mhs∏
´h¿°v e`yamIp∂XneqsSbmWv
bYm¿∞ hnIk\w \S°p∂Xv.
P\Iobmkq{XWØns‚ apJy
e£yw CXmWv. DXv]mZ\ taJe
bnse hf¿®; hntijn®pw IrjnbpsS
Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏mWv as‰mcp
{][m\ e£yw. A\yambn sIm≠n
cn°p∂ Irjn taJebpsS ka{Kamb
hf¿®bv°v A\ptbmPyamb ]≤Xn
Iƒ°mWv ap≥KW\ \¬tI≠Xv.
73,74 `cWLS\m t`ZKXnbpsS
t]cn¬ A`nam\w sIm≠ncp∂
]ecpsSbpw bYm¿∞ apJw \mw
Ct∏mƒ ImWpIbmWv. Xt±i
kzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfnse Xnc
s™Sp°s∏´ P\{]Xn\n[nIsf
kaqla[yØn¬ ]cnlkn°p∂Xn¬
Ch¿ kt¥mjw Is≠Øp∂p.
ap∏Øn aq∂v iXam\w kwhcWw
kv{XoIƒ°v \¬InbXns‚ t]cn¬
A`nam\w sIm≈ptºmƒ Xs∂
Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfnse
h\nXm A≤y£sc am\ya√mØ
`mjbn¬ ]cnlkn°m\pw C°q´¿
XømdmIp∂p, Cu kmlNcyØn¬
A[nImchntI{μoIcWsØ IÆn
se IrjvWaWn t]mse ImØp
kq£nt°≠Xv P\m[n]Xy hnizm
knIfpsS ASnb¥c ISabmWv.
P\Iob ]n¥pWtbmsS A[nImc
hntI{μoIcW hncp≤i‡nIsf
sNdpØp tXm¬∏n°m≥ IgnbWw.
P\Iobmkq{XWw ho≠pw Bcw`n
°ptºmƒ AXn\p≈ I\Imh
kcamWv \ap°v e`n°p∂Xv.
hncp≤ i‡nIsf t{]m’mln
∏n°p∂ Hcp \S]Snbpw D≠m°cpXv.
AgnaXnsb Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]\Øns‚ ]Sn°v ]pdØv
\ndpØm\p≈ Xt‚Sw ImWn°Ww.
Hmtcm Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]
\hpw kzbw]cym]vXhpw amXrIm]c
hpambncn°m≥ `cWkan#rXnIƒ
{]tXyIw {i≤nt°≠XmWv. P\
Iob ]n¥pWbps≠¶n¬ Hcp i‡n
°pw A[nImchntI{μoIcWsØ
tbm P\Iobmkq{XWsØtbm ]cm
Pbs∏SpØm≥ IgnbpIbn√. {Kmak
`Iƒ i‡ns∏SpØp∂XneqsSbpw
kpXmcyamb {]h¿Ø\ØneqsSbpw
Hcp kº∂amb tIcfw krjvSn
°m≥ IgnbWw. \aps°√mh¿°pw
H∂n°m\p≈ A]q¿Δamb Ahkc
amWv \ΩpsS ap∂n¬ Xpd∂n´ncn
°p∂Xv. \ΩpsS \mSns\bpw a\pjy
scbpw kvt\ln°p∂ F√mhcpw Cu
alXv kwcw`Øn¬ ]s¶Sp°Ww
F∂v A`y¿∞n°p∂p. tUmIvS¿am¿,
F©n\obd∑m¿, A≤ym]I¿, kmt¶
XnI hnZKv[¿, k∂≤ kwLS\Iƒ,
k¿Δokv t{SUv bqWnb\pIƒ
XpSßn F√mhcpsSbpw A\p`hhpw
k∂≤Xbpw kamlcn°m≥ Xt±i
kzbw`cW ÿm]\߃°v Ignbs´
F∂v Biwkn°p∂p.
]m¿izh¬°cn°s∏´hsc
PohnXØns‚ apJy[mcbnte°v
sIm≠phcp∂XmWv
bYm¿∞ hnIk\w.
hoSv, sshZypXn,
sh≈w, I°qkv, BtcmKyw,
hnZym`ymkw
F∂nh ]mhs∏´h¿°v
e`yamIp∂XneqsSbmWv
bYm¿∞ hnIk\w
\S°p∂Xv.
P\Iobmkq{XWØns‚
apJy e£yw
CXmWv.
13]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw 1996-¬ Hcp
Znhkw tIc-f-Øn¬ s]m´n-ap-f-®tXm
Cd-°p-aXn sNbvXtXm Bb Bi-b-
a√. tIc-f-Øn¬ BZyw cq]w sIm≠
IΩyq-WnÃv a{¥n-k-`-bpsS ImewapX¬ A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw CS-
Xp-]-£-Øns‚ Hcp e£y-am-bn-cp∂p.
tIcfw cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v sXm´papºv ae-_m-dn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Pn√m
t_m¿Uns‚ `cW t\XrXzw IΩyq-
WnÃv ]m¿´n -°m-bn -cp∂p. ]n.Sn .`mkv°-c-∏-Wn-°-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬
D≠mb Pn√m t_m¿Uns‚ `c-Wm-\p-
`hw IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´nsb Hcp Imcywt_m[y-s∏-SpØn. kwÿm-\-Øns‚
Xmsg Xe-ß-fn¬ {]mtZ-inI ̀ c-W-k-
an-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-∂Xv P\-ß-fpsS{]tXy-In®v ]mh-s∏-´-h-cpsS˛ASn-b-
¥c {]iv\-߃ ]eXpw thK-Øn¬
]cn-l-cn-°m≥ klm-b-I-amIpw.
AXn-\m¬ 1957-se C.Fw.Fkv
Kh¨sa‚ v Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp∂ ̀ c-W-k-an-Xn-Iƒ sIm≠p-
h-cm-\mbn \nb-a-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v Dt±-
in-®n-cp∂p. CS-°m-eØv ]ncn-®p-hn-́ Xp
P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-WØns‚kn≤m-¥hpw {]tbm-Khpw C∂v
sIm≠v A∂v A°mcyw sNøm≥ Ign-
™n√. 1967-¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂ sFIy-
ap-∂Wn Kh¨sa‚pw 1980-se CS-Xp-
]£ P\m-[n-]-Xy-ap -∂Wn Kh¨
sa‚pw AXp-t]mse A¬]m-bp- p-I-
fm-bXp sIm≠v Ahbv°pw B e£yw
ssIh-cn-°m-\m-bn√. 1987-se F¬.Un.
F^v Kh¨sa‚mWv Pn√m Iu¨kn-
ep-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-®Xv.
C°m-cy-Øn¬ he-Xp-]£ ]m¿´n-Iƒ ]n¥p-S¿∂ AtX-\bw Ah-ew-
_n-°pI-b√ tIc-f-Ønse CS-Xp-
]£w sNbvXXv. tIc-f-Øns‚ khn-tij kml-N-cy-Øn-s\m-Ø-hn[w
th≠ t`Z-K-Xn-I-tfm-sS-bmWv A[n-Im-
c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw t]mep≈ aWvU-e-
ß-fn¬ he-Xp-]£ ]m¿´n-I-fpsS
\bsØ CS-Xp-]£w \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øn-
bXv. 1987se F¬.Un.F^v Kh¨
sa‚ v Pn√m Iu¨knepIƒ \nehn¬
hcpØnbXv 1970Ifn¬ he-Xp-]£
Kh¨sa‚ v sIm≠p h∂ \nb-a-Øn\vBh-iy-amb t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ hcp-Øn-sIm-
≠m-bn-cp∂p. 1997-¬ P\-Io-bm-kq-
{XWw \S-∏m -°n -bXpw Aßs\
kn.]n. \mcm-b-W≥
P\-ß-fn-te°vk¿°m-cns‚ tkh\߃ FØn-°m-\pw
A-h-tcm-Sp≈DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw \n¿Δ-ln-°m-\pap≈
kwhn-[m-\-Ønse Ah-km-\sØ IÆn-bmbnthWw Xt±-i-̀ -cW ÿm]-\-ßsf ImWm≥.
P\-ßfpw Kh¨sa‚pw XΩn-ep≈_‘-Ønse
Hgn-hm-°m-\m-ImØ IÆn.
14 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Xs∂. ̀ c-W-L-S-\bv°v ]n.hn. \c-knw-
l-dmhp Kh¨sa‚ v sIm≠ph∂ 73,
74 t`Z -K -Xn -I -fpsS NphSp]nSn®v
bp.Un.F^v Kh¨sa‚ v ]©m-bØv
ap\n-kn-∏¬ \nb-a-߃ sIm≠p h∂p.
Ah-bn¬ Bh-iy-amb t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ
hcp-Øn-bmWv P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw \S-
∏m-°n-bXv.
73, 74 `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ
C¥y-bnse F√m kwÿm-\-߃°pw
Hcp-t]mse _m[-I-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw
AXns‚ N´-°q-´n -\p -≈n¬ \n∂p-
sIm≠v P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw \S-∏m-°-
s∏-´Xv tIc-f -Øn¬ am{X-amWv.
ImcWw ChnsS F¬.Un.F^n\v
A[n-Im-c-hn -tI-{μo-I-cWw kw_-
‘n®v hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠m-bn-
cp∂p. bp.Un.F^v Kh¨sa‚ v ]©m-
bØv˛ap≥kn-∏¬ \nb-a-߃ hgn
Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-߬°v Nne
A[n-Im-c-߃ \¬In-sb-¶nepw, Ah
\S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠ hn`-h-ß-
sfm∂pw Ahbv°v \¬In-bn√. AXn-
\m¬ Ah-cpsS ̀ c-W-Øn≥ Iogn¬ B
A[n-Im-c-߃ G´nse ]ip-°-fm-bn-
cp∂p. 1995 HIvtSm-_¿ 2\v \ne-hn¬
h∂ ]©m-bØv˛ ap≥kn-∏¬ `c-W-
k-an -Xn -Iƒ°v B A[n-Im-c-߃
D≠m-bn -cp∂p. F∂m¬ 1996 -¬
F¬.Un.F^v Kh¨sa‚ v \ne-hn¬
h∂v hn`-h-߃ \¬Ip-∂Xp hsc B
`c-W-k-an-Xn-Iƒ°v Imcy-ambn H∂pw
sNøm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n√. A[n-Im-c-hn-
tI-{μo-I-cWw, tIm¨{K- ns‚˛hnti-
jn®v cmPohv Km‘n-bpsS˛kz]v\-am-bn-
cp∂p F∂ hymJym\w P\-߃°v
AXn-t\mSp ImW-s∏´ B`n-ap-Jy-
Øn¬ \n∂v apX-se-Sp-°m-\p≈ Hcp
hnZy am{X -am -bn -cp∂p. Ah¿°v
Bflm¿∞X D≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ B
A[n-Im-c-߃ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Xt±-
i-` -c -W-ÿm-]-\-ßsf F√m Xc-
Ønepw {]m]vX-cm-°p-am-bn-cp∂p˛tIc-
f-Øn¬ am{X-a√, X߃ A[n-Im-c-
Øn-ep≈ kwÿm-\-ß-fn -se√mw.
AXv Ah¿ CtX-hsc sNbvXn-´n√.
Xt± -i -` -cW ÿm]-\ -߃°v
CjvSw-t]mse hn\n-tbm-Kn-°m≥ Iptd
]Ww \¬IpI F∂√ F¬.Un.F^v
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw sIm≠v Dt±-in-
®Xv. `c-W-Øns‚ G‰hpw Xmsg-Ø-
´nse˛hm¿Unse˛P\-ß-fpsS P\-d¬
t_mUn-bmWv {Kma-k`. hnI-k\
kw_-‘-ambn Nne A[n-Im-c-߃ ̀ c-
W-L-S\ {Kma-k` hgn P\-߃°v
\¬Ip∂p. ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°pw \K-
c-k-`-Iƒ°pw Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ Pn√m
]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚ v A≤y-£-\mb
Pn√m Bkq-{X-W-k-anXn (Un]nkn)°pw `c-W-L-S\ Nne A[n-Im-c-߃
\¬Ip∂p.
Cu A[n-Im-c-߃ Poh-\p-≈-Xm-
I-W-sa-¶n¬, Xocpam\ßsfSpØm¬
Ah \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]m]vXn
Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃°v D≠m-°Ww. AXmbXv, Ahn-S-ß-fnse P\-
ß-fpsS Bhiyw, B{Klw, C— Ch
\S∏m°p∂Xn\p≈ hn` -hhpwBƒ_-ehpw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-
߃°v \¬IWw. AXmWvv, 1997˛-98
h¿jw apX¬ F¬.Un.F^v Kh¨sa‚ v sNbvXXv. ]©m-bØv˛ap≥kn-
∏¬ hm¿Uv Xe-Ønepw a‰v Xt±-i-`-
cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS kam-\-amb Xe-ß-fnepw AXXv {]tZ-i-Øns‚ hnI-
k\w kw_-‘n® \n¿t±-i-߃ ap≥K-
W-\m-Sn -ÿm-\-Øn¬ t{ImUo-I-cn -
°p∂p. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
Xt±-i-`-c-W-k-an-Xn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-
Øn¬ Cu \n¿t±-i-߃°v tbmPn®
aq¿Ø-amb ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bhn-jv°-
cn®v \S-∏m-°p∂p. Cu ImgvN-∏mSv
icn-bmbn Dƒs°m≠ \nc-h[n Xt±-
i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ P\-{]-Xn-\n-
[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw k¿tΔm-]cn
P\-ßfpw ssItIm¿Øv ]nSn®v
Akm-[y-sa∂v A∂p-hsc Icp-X-s∏-
´n -cp∂ P\-ß-fpsS ]e Bh-iy-
ßfpw \S-∏m°n.
CXv DW¿Øn-hn´ _lp-P-\m-th-
i-sØbpw A]m-c-amb hnI-k\
km[y-X-I-sfbpw A∂sØ {]Xn-
]£w ho£n-®Xv X߃°v ho≠pw
A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ FØp-∂-Xn-\p≈
hneßv XSn-bm-bmWv; Agn-a-Xn-°m-¿
I≠Xv X߃ ssIø-S -°m-dp≈
hºn® kºØv ssIhn-´p-t]m-Ip-∂-
Xm -bn -´mWv; P\-In -bm -kq - {XWw
krjvSn-°p∂ IqSp-X¬ tPmen-`m-
csØ Hcp hn`mKw DtZym-K-ÿ¿ Hcp
iey-am-bmWv I≠Xv. Ch-scms°
D∂-bn® hmZ-K-Xn-Isf am[y-a-ß-fn¬
]ecpw I≠Xpw ssIImcyw sNbv-
XXpw am\-Io-bm-h-iy-ßsf ap≥\n¿
Øn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√; ]ns∂tbm ÿm
]nX Xm¬]-cy-ßsf ]n¥m-ßn-bm-bn-
cp∂p.
c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn\v ti
jw km¿Δ-tZ-iob Xe-Øn¬ tkm
jy-enÃv tNcn \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw H´
\h[n tImf\nIƒ kzmX{¥yw t\Sp
Ibpw Ah-bn¬ ]e-Xnepw _lp-P-
\-ß-tfmSv {]Xn-_-≤-X-bp≈ Kh¨
15]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
sa‚p-Iƒ \ne-hn¬ hcn-Ibpw sNbvX-
t∏mƒ, ]ptcm -K -a\˛P\m-[n -]Xy
i‡n-Isf tXm¬]n -°p -∂-Xn\p
km{am-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ kzoI-cn® Hc-Shv
Xß-fpsS IpSne e£y-߃°v
]ptcm-K-a\ hmbvØmcn-bpsS tae-¶n-
bn-Sp-I-bmWv. 1950IfpsS BZyw Cdm-
\n¬ sam m-sZJv `c -W-Øn\pw
tImwtKm-bn¬ ]m{Snkv epapw-_-bpsS
`c-W-Øn\pw apX¬ Gjy≥˛B{^n-
°≥˛ em‰n-\-ta-cn-°≥ cmPy-ß-fnse
]e P\m-[n-]-Xy-K-h¨sa‚p-Iƒ°pw
FXnsc km{am-Py-i-‡n-Iƒ CS-s]-
´Xv Ah-bpsS ]mh-K-h¨sa‚p-Isf
hmgn®v Xß-fpsS B[n-]Xyw ]tcm-
£-ambn \ne-\n¿Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p.
P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ t]cp ]d-™m-bn-
cp∂p AØcw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \ymbo-I-
cn-°-s∏-´Xv. temI-_m¶v t]mep≈
ÿm]-\-ßfpw Cu ssien kzoI-cn®p. Aß-s\-bmWv CS-Xp-]£
Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ \S-∏m-°m≥ XpS-
ßnb A[n-Im -c -hn -tI-{μo -I-c -W-Øns‚ te_¬ Ah¿ Ah-cp-tS-Xmb
kzm¿∞ e£y-ß-fpsS ta¬ H´n-®Xv.
AXns‚ kz`mhw Xncn-®-dn-bm-
\p≈ Dc-I√v _lp-P-\-Xm¬]-cy-ß-
sfbpw Ah-cpsS ap≥ssI-bn-s\bpwF{X-am{Xw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p, A\p-
h-Zn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv. CS-Xp-]£w
Ahsb ap≥\n¿Øn {]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ, Ahsb ad-bm-°n -bmWv
temI-_m¶pw a‰pw {]h¿Øn-°pI.
A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cW cwKsØtemI-_m-¶n-s‚bpw a‰pw CS-s]-Sepw
ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy-°m-cpsS ap≥
ssItbmsS \S∂ Agn-a-Xnbpw Xß
ƒ°v ta[m-hn-Xz-ap≈ Hcp ÿnXn-bn¬
\n∂v P\-߃°pw P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-
Iƒ°pw ap≥ssI-bp≈ ÿnXn-bn-
te°v Imcy-߃ \oßp-∂-Xn¬ Hcp
hn`mKw DtZym-K-ÿ¿°p-≠mb Akw-
Xr-]vXnbpw IqSn tN¿∂-t∏mƒ P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ BZysØ IpXn∏v
XS-b-s∏´p. bp.Un.F^v 2001˛se Xnc-
s™-Sp-∏n¬ Pbw t\Sn A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ FØn-b-tXmsS P\-Io-bm-kq-
{XWw temI-_m-¶ns‚ N´-°q-´nepw
DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS ta[m-hn-Xz-Øn-ep≈tIcf hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn am‰-
s∏´p. AXn-\m¬ HºXmw ]≤-Xn-°m-
eØv ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign™ Xc-Ønepw tXmXn-ep -ap≈ t\´-߃
]Ømw ]≤-Xn-°m-eØv s]mXp-hn¬
ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-™n√. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p aq∂mw kwÿm
\ [\-I-Ωo-j≥ Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-
߃°p≈ hnlnXw kwÿm-\-hm¿
jnI ]≤-Xn-bpsS C{X- i-X-am\w
F∂ coXnam‰n tIh-e-kw-Jy-bmbn
\nP-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv.
HºXmw ]≤-Xn-°m-eØv tkh-\-
ß-fp-sSbpw ]›m-Øe kuI-cy-ß-
fp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ D≠m-°m≥
Ign™ ]ptcm-KXn D¬]m-Z\ taJ-
e-bn¬ D≠m-°m≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂n√.
]Ømw ]≤-Xn-°m-eØv AXv Iptd-
°qSn Zp¿∫-e-ambn. AXv {Kmao-W-ta-
J-esb h√msX _m[n®p. sNdp-
InS˛Zcn{Z Irjn-°m¿, I¿j-I-sØm-
gn-em-fn-Iƒ ]c-º-cm-KX hy-h-km-b-ß-
fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp∂ D¬]m-Z-Icpw sXmgn-
em-fn-Ifpw F∂nh-cpsS ÿnXn IqSp-
X¬ Zb-\o-b-ambn.
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤Xn Cu Zpjv{]-
h-W-Xsb am‰m≥ Dt±-in -°p∂p.
Im¿jn-tIm¬]m-Z\w, {]tXy-In®v
`£y-hn-f-I-fpsS, KWy-ambn h¿≤n-∏n-
°pI {][m\ e£y-am-°n-bXpw Xt±-
i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS ]≤Xn AS-
¶-en¬ 40% AXn-\mbn \o°n-h-bv°-
W-sa∂v \n¿t±-in-®Xpw AXns‚ ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn-emWv. Im¿jnI˛]c-º-cm-
KX taJ-e-bnse D¬]m-Z\w h¿[n-∏n-
°m\pw D¬∏-∂-߃ \ymbhnebv°v
hn‰-gn-°m\pw Ign-™m¬, {KmaoW
kºZv hyhÿ IqSp-X¬ Ne-\m-fl-
I-amIpw. e£-°-W-°n\v Bfp-I-fpsS
ÿnXn sa®-s∏Spw.
amen\y-\n¿am¿÷-\-Ønepw ipNn-
Xz-Ønepw th≠{X {i≤ Ign™
ImeØv ]Xn-∏n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ ]e-
Xcw {]iv\-ßsf tIcfw C∂v t\cn-
Sp∂p. ]e ]pXnb ]I¿®-hym-[n-Ifpw
P\-ßsf th´-bm-Sp∂p. tcmK-{]-Xn-
tcm[˛NnIn’m kwhn-[m-\-ßsf
Imcy£-a -am°n Cu `oj-Wn°v
AdpXn hcp-tØ-≠-Xp≠v. Xt±-i-`-c
W ÿm]-\-ßfpw BtcmKyhIp∏pw
IqSn {ian-®m¬ CXv Ipd-™-Imew
sIm≠v ssIh-cn-°m-\mIpw.
AXp-t]mse, kv°qfp -I-fnse
]T\ \ne-hmcw KWy-ambn Db¿Ø-
Wsa∂ F√m hn`mKw P\-ß-fpsS
bpw B{K-lsØ k -̂e-am-°p-∂-Xn\v
hnZym-̀ ym-k-h-Ip∏v hnNm-cn-®m¬ am{Xw
Ign-bn√. Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-߃
ap≥ssIsb-SpØv A[ym-]-I-scbpw
hIp∏v A[n-Ir-X-scbpw c£n-Xm-°-
sfbpw {]mtZinI kaqlsØ BsI
bpw H∂n®v AWn-\n-c-Øn-bm¬ kvIq
fp-Iƒ C∂v t\cn-Sp∂ ̀ uXnI kml-
N-cy-ßfnse ]cn-an-Xnbpw ]e sX‰mb
16 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Iogvhg-°-߃ D≠m-°p∂ {]bm-
khpw a‰pw ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw.
CsX√mw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-
߃ X\n®v sNø-W-sa-∂√. Ah
bv°v hnhn[ C\-߃°mbn {]tXyIXpI Hmtcm h¿jhpw \¬Ip-∂Xp
sIm≠v AØcw Imcy-ß-fpsS apgp-
h≥ Npa-X-ebpw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-߃ hln-°Ww F∂v hmZn-°p-∂-
h-cp≠v. Ahbv°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap≠v
F∂Xv icn. F∂m¬ CtX Imcy-߃°v ]e-Xn\pw tI{μ˛kwÿm\
Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ IqSn ]Ww sNe-h-gn-
°p∂p. Ah-bpsS ]≤-Xn-Ifpw D≠v.kwÿm\ Kh¨sa‚n-\mWv IqSp-X¬
DtZym -K -ÿ-cp -≈Xv . AXn -\m¬
tI{μ˛kwÿm\˛{]mtZ-inI AS-¶-ep-Isf GtIm-]n-∏n®v hnI-k\ {]h¿
Ø\w \S-Øn-bm¬ am{Xta P\-߃
°v ]c-am-h[n {]tbm-P\w e`n-°p-I-
bp≈q.
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw F∂p ]d-
™m¬ Ipd®p ]Whpw AXnepw
Ipd®v Poh-\-°m-scbpw Xt±-i-`-c-W-
ÿm-]-\-߃°v ssIamdn, C\n P\-
߃°v th≠-sX√mw Ah sNøWw
F∂ [mcW Nne¿s°-¶n-ep-ap≠v.
AXv Xß-fpsS ]c-am-[n-Im-c-ta-J-e-
bmWv F∂v Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-
fn-ep≈ Nne¿°pw Ah F√m°m
cyhpw X\n®v sNøWsa∂v kwÿm\
Kh¨sa‚ nepw P\ßfnepap≈
Nne¿°pw A`n - {]m -b -ap -≈-Xmbn
ImWp∂p. Cu [mcW icn-b√. P\-
ß-fn-te°v k¿°m-cns‚ tkh\߃
FØn-°m-\pw A-h-tcm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-
ZnXzw \n¿Δ-ln-°m-\p≈ kwhn-[m-\-
Ønse Ah-km-\sØ IÆn-bmbn
thWw Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßsf
ImWm≥. P\-ßfpw Kh¨sa‚pw
XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Ønse Hgn-hm-°m-\m-
ImØ IÆn.
AXn-\m¬ B IÆnsb _e-s∏-
Sp-tØ-≠Xv k¿°m-cn-s‚bpw P\-ß-
fp-sSbpw Bh-iy-amWv. B IÆn-bn-√msX F√m hn`mKw P\-߃°pw
Ah-cpsS ]e Bh-iy-ßfpw \nd-th‰n
°n´n√. AXn-√msX B[p-\nI kaq-l-Øn¬ P\m-[n-]Xy `c-W-Øns‚
F√m Npa-X-e-Ifpw \nd-th-‰m-\m-hn√.
P\-ßfpw k¿°mcpw XΩn-ep≈ BIÆn -bpsS˛AXp -sIm≠v AXpw
k¿°m¿ Xs∂˛{]h¿Ø\ coXn-bm-
IWw P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw. B \ne-bn-emWv CS-Xp-]£w Cu Bi-b-cq-]o-
I-cWw \S-Øn-bXv; Ign™ Imem-\p-
`-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ
AXns\ hn]p-e-am-°p-∂Xv.
Chn-sSbpw ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy-
°m¿ P\-߃°v Ahiyw e`n-t°≠
tkh-\sØ I®-hSNc-°m°n am‰m≥
{ian-°p∂p. AXns‚ G‰hpw HSp-hn-esØ DZm-l-c-W-amWv kv°qƒ \S-
Øn-∏n¬ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-߃
]¶v hln-°p-∂-Xn-t\mSv kzIm-cy-ta-J-e-bn¬˛{]tXy-In®v \yq\-]-£-Øn¬˛
\n∂v Db¿∂phcp∂ FXn¿∏v.AXv
bYm¿∞-Øn¬ \yq\]£ hn`m-K-ß-fpsS FXn¿∏√. hnZym-`ymk ÿm]-
\-߃ \S-Øp∂ \yq\-]-£-°m-cpsS
FXn¿∏mWv. c≠pw XΩn¬ AP-K-Pm-¥-c-ap≠v F∂ Imcyw P\-߃ ad-
∂p-IqSm.
Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]\w GIm-[n-]-
Xy-]-c-amtbm GI-]-£o-b-amtbm
Xocp-am-\-߃ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ P\-߃ FXn¿°p-∂Xv a\-
n-em°mw. AX√, Ct∏mƒ kw`-hn-
°p-∂Xv. kv°qfn¬ ]n.Sn.FbpsSt\Xr-Xz-Ønepw ]©m-b-Øn¬/\K-c-
k-̀ -bn¬ hnhn[ kv°qfp-I-fpsS {][m-
\-A-[ym-]-I¿, ]n.Sn.F {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ,]©m-b-Ønse DØ-c-hm-Z-s∏-´-h¿,
hnZym-`ymk hnZ-Kv≤¿ F∂n-h¿ tN¿
∂pw Xocp-am-\n-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fmWv\S-∏m-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Ah-bn¬ Nne
Imcy-߃ amt\-Pvsa‚p-I-fpsS A\ym-
b-∏n-cn-hn\pw a‰p ÿm]nX Xm¬]-cy-߃°pw hnLm-X -ap -≠m -°p -∂p -
≠mImw. Ah¿°v \ymb-amb ]cm-Xn-
Iƒ h√Xpw Ds≠-¶n¬ ]cn-l-cn-°-
s∏-SWw.
F∂m¬, AXns‚ t]cn¬ Xt±-i-
-̀c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS Npa-Xem \n¿Δ-
l-W-Øn\p XS w D≠m-°p-∂Xv
kwÿm-\sØ `c-W-\n¿Δ-l-WsØ
samØ-Øn-emWv _m[n-°pI. k¿°m-
cns‚ A[n-Imchn\n-tbmKw, DØ-c-hm-
ZnXz \n¿Δ-lWw F∂n-hsb i‡n-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw. Aß-s\-bmWv
P\-ß-fn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw AXns\ a\-
n-em-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬, AXv Nne
\n£n]vX Xm¬]-cy-°m-cpsS kzm¿∞-
em` taml-߃°v hnLv\w hcp-
Øp∂p. Ah-cmWv apºpw Ct∏mgpw
P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-WsØ ]e cq]-ß-
fn¬ FXn¿°p-∂Xv. P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-
W-Øns‚ kn≤m¥w {]tbm-K-Øn¬
hcp-Øp-∂Xv Cu sh√p-hn-fn -Isf
t\cn´p sIm≠m-IWw, t\cn -´p -
sImt≠ Ignbq.
teJI≥kwÿm\ Bkp{XW t_m¿UvAwKamWv.
amen\y-\n¿am¿÷-\-ØnepwipNn-Xz-Ønepwth≠{X {i≤
Ign™ ImeØv]Xn-∏n-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬]e-Xcw {]iv\-ßsf
tIcfw C∂pw t\cn-Sp∂p.]e ]pXnb ]I¿®-hym-[n-Ifpw
P\-ßsf th -́bm-Sp∂p.tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[˛NnIn’m
kwhn-[m-\-ßsfImcy-£-a-am°nCu `oj-Wn°v
AdpXnhcp-tØ-≠-Xp≠v.
Fs‚ `mh\bnep≈{KmaØn¬
H∂ma\pw c≠ma\pw C√.F√mhcpw ka∑mcmWv.
Ahkm\°mc\pwAhnsSbn√
almflmKm‘n
17]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
tIcfØn¬ 1994-¬ ]mkm-°nb
]©m-bØv cmPv ˛ ap≥kn-∏¬ \nb-a-
߃ 1995 HIvtSm-_¿ apX¬ \S-∏n-
embn. 1996 -¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂
\mb-\m¿ k¿°m-cmWv {]tZ-in-I-Xe
Bkq-{X-WsØ P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-
sa∂ t]cn¬ \S-∏n-em-°n-bXv. {Kma,
tªm°v, Pn√m Xe-ß-fn¬ ]©m-bØv
kan-Xn-Ifpw ap≥kn-∏¬, tIm¿∏-td-
j≥ Xe-ß-fn¬ Iu¨kn-ep-Ifpw
A[n-Im-c-ta‰v `cWw {]mtZ-inI Xe-
Øn¬ thtcm-Sp-∂-Xn\v ap≥]mWv
{]mtZ-inI Xe Bkq-{X-Whpw \S-
∏n¬ hcp-Øn-bXv. Bkq-{XWw F{X
Ip‰-a-‰-Xm-bmepw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Gsd
ta∑-bp-≈-Xm-bmepw Ah \S-∏n-em-°p-
∂-Xn-\p≈ tijn {]mtZ-inI k¿°m-
cp-Iƒ°v B¿÷n-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-
s√-¶n¬ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ ]mXn hgn-bn¬
Dt]-£n--t°≠n hcpw. CXm-Wv P\-Io-
bm-kq-{XW \S-Øn-∏n¬ kw`-hn-®Xv.
`c-W-L-S-\-bpsS 11-˛mw ]´n-I-bn¬
{]mtZ-in-I-Xe Bkq-{X-W-Øn\pth≠ aps∂m-cp°w
hn.sP. X¶-∏≥ Fw F¬ F
]d-™n-cp∂ hnj-b߃ F√mw
Xs∂ ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-Iƒ°pw tIm¿∏-
td-j-\p-Iƒ°pw \¬I-s∏´p. AXn-\m-
hiy-amb DtZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpw ^≠pw
\¬I-s∏´p. Dev]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bpsS
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ \K-c-k-̀ -Iƒ°v A\y-
am-bn-cp∂p. \nbaw \S-∏n-em°n 11
h¿jw Ign-™n´pw Irjn, arK-kw-c-
£Ww Dƒs∏sS 11˛-mw ]´n-I-bn¬ ]d-
™n-´p-≈Xpw, tIcf \nb-aa-\p-k-cn®v
\K-c-k-`-Iƒ°v ssIam-dn-b-Xp-amb
hnj-b-߃ H∂pw Xs∂ Kuc-h-
tØmsS ho£n-bv°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep-an√.
{Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Isf kw_-‘n®pw
ssIam‰w sNø-s∏´ hnj-b-߃
kKu-chw N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\pw, ka-
b-Øn\v Bkq-{XW {]{Inb ]q¿Øn-
bm°n ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambpw ^e-{]-Z-
ambpw \S-∏n-em°n hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-
Xn\v Ign-™n-´n√. IqSmsX, Bkq-
{XWw \S-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ bmsXmcp
aps∂m-cp-°-ßfpw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xp-
A[nImchntI{μoIcWsa∂
Bibw {]mtbmKnIam°p∂Xn\vkzmX{¥yØn\v apºpw AXn\p
tijhpw hn]peamb N¿®Iƒ cmPy
saßpw \S∂ncp∂p. {]mtZinIk¿°mcpIƒ°v cq]w sImSp°p
∂Xn\v H‰s∏´ {ia߃ hnhn[
kwÿm\ßfn¬ \S∂ncp∂psh¶nepw kzmX{¥yw e`n®v \m¬∏Ø
©v h¿j߃°v tijw \S∂ `cW
LS\bpsS 73, 74 t`ZKXnItfmsSbmWv {XnXe]©mbØvcmPv ,
ap\nkn∏¬ kwhn[m\߃ bmYm¿
∞yambXpw Ahbv°v `cWLS\m]cnc£ D≠mbXpw. CXns\Øp
S¿∂v `qcn]£w kwÿm\ßfnepw
Hcp h¿jØn\Iw Xs∂ kwÿm\\nba߃ ]m mhpIbpw sNbv
Xncp∂p.
18 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
an√. AXp ImcWw `c-Whpw, Bkq-
{X-Whpw thcp-]n-Sn-bv°msX t]mbn-
sb∂ bmYm¿∞yw ad®p ]nSn-bvt°-
≠-Xn√. P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw ]p\-cm-hn-
jv°-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ign-™-Im-em-\p-̀ -h-
߃ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-SWw. ]ni-Ip-
Iƒ kzbw hna¿i-\-]-c-ambn ho£n-
°Ww. `c-W-Øns‚ kpK-a-amb Hgp-
°n\pw ^e-{]-Z -amb {]h¿Ø-\-
Øn\pw \nb-a-Ønepw N´-Ønepw t`Z-
KXn Bh-iy-am-sW-¶n¬ t`Z-KXn hcp-
ØWw. kº-Øns‚ Zp¿hn-\n-tbmKw
\S-∂n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ BbXv Bh¿Øn-
°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]Sn kzoI-
cn-°Ww. πm≥ ^≠v hI am‰n sNe-
hn-́ n-́ p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈
{]mtbm-Kn-I-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-
°Ww. k¿°m¿ Xe-Ønse hnZ-Kv[-
∑m-cmb DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS tkh\w ]c-
am-h[n {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp -Øp-Ibpw
]≤Xn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Npa-
Xe DtZym-K-ÿ-∑msc G¬∏n®v \S-
∏n -em-°pIbpw thWw. P\-ßsf
]≤Xn {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn Iq´n-bn-
W-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \nb-a-]-c-amb Npa-
Xe Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\-t\-Xm-°-
∑m¿ \n¿Δ-ln-°Ww.
Bkq-{Xn-X-ambn ]≤Xn cq]o-I-cn-
°p-∂-Xn\v {]mtZ-in-I-ambn e`n-t°≠
ÿnXnhnh-c -°-W-°p -Iƒ H∂pw
Xs∂ tiJ-cn-®n-cp-∂n√. C∂phsc
AXv tiJ-cn-®n-´p-an√. AXp sIm≠p
Xs∂ c≠v ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS
+4000 tImSn cq] Dev]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-bn¬
{]mtZ-inI Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ hgn hn\n-
tbm-Kn-®n´pw {]mtZ-inI Kh¨sa‚p-
I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS DZv]m-Z-\-
ta-J-e-bn¬ t\´-߃ ssIh-cn-°p-∂-
Xn\v Ign-™n-´p-s≠∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-
Sm≥ B¿°pw Ign-™n-´n√. DZv]m-Z\
cwKØv IqSp-X¬ DZv]m-Z-\hpw sa®-
s∏´ DZv]m-Z\£a-Xbpw t\Sn-sb∂v
GsX-¶nepw {]mtZ-inI Kh¨sa‚n\v
Ah-Im -i -s∏-Sp -∂-Xn\v Ign -™n-
´pt≠m? DZv]m-Z\ taJ-e-bn¬ {Kma-]-
©m-b-Øn¬ XΩnepw, ap\n-kn-∏m-en-‰n-
Iƒ XΩnepw Btcm-Ky-I-c-am-sbmcp
a’cw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂nt√? AXp-
≠m-hm-Ø-Xns‚ ImcWw ]cn-tim-[n-
bvt°-≠-Xt√? AXp-X-s∂-bmWv
tkh\ taJ-e-bn-sebpw ÿnXn. ASn-ÿm\ kuIcy hnI-k\ Imcy-Øn¬
Ipsd-sbms° apt∂-dm≥ Ign-™n-
´p≠v. Ahn-sSbpw GXp {]mtZ-inIk¿°m¿ F{X-tØmfw F∂ Imcy-
Øn¬ Hcp hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\p Ign-
bptam? {Kma-]-©m-bØpw \K-c-k-`-Ifpw kz¥-ambn hcp-am\w h¿≤n-∏n-
°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Ign™ 11 h¿j-
°mew Gsd ]nd-tIm´p t]mbn-sb∂Imcy-Øn¬ c≠p ]£-ap -s≠∂p
tXm∂p-∂n√. \nIpXn \n¿Æ-b-Ønepw
]ncn-s®-SpØv kz¥w JP-\m-hns\i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnepw {Kma-]-©m-b-
Øp -Iƒ XΩnepw \K-c -k -` -Iƒ
XΩnepw Hcp a’cw A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂nt√? AXpw D≠m-hmsX t]mbn.
ssIam‰w sNø-s∏´ Poh-\-°m¿ Cc´
\nb-{¥Ww Ds≠-¶n¬ IqSn {]mtZ-
inI k¿°m-cp-I-fp-tSbpw IqSn Poh-
\-°m-cm-sW∂ Ah-t_m[w kr„n-
°p -∂-Xn\p Ign -bmsX t]mbn.
N¿®bv°pw skan-\m-dn\pw tUmIypsa
t‚j\pw \¬Is∏´ {]m[m\yhpw
{]mapJyhpw ipjvIm-¥nbpw `c-W-
\n¿Δ-l-W-Ønepw ]≤Xn \S-Øn-
∏nepw C√msX t]mbn.
Nne Imcy-ß-fn¬ ap≥K-W\ e`n-
t°-≠-Xp≠v
(1) `c-W-\n¿Δ-l-W-Øn¬ tijnbpw
i‡nbpw D≠m-hWw.
(2) Poh-\-°mcpw DtZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpw
{]tZ-inI k¿°m-cn-t‚bpw DtZym-
K-ÿ-∑mcpw Poh-\-°m-cp-am-sW∂
Ah-t_m[w kr„n-°Ww. AXn-tebv°v AXXv hIp-∏p-a-{¥n-am-
cpsS i‡-amb ]n¥pW AXy-¥m-
t]-£n-X-amWv.
(3) ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂-
Xn\v Ahiyw Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-߃ {Kma-]-©m-bØv, \K-c-k`
hm¿U-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tiJ-cn®v
t{ImUo-I-cn-°Ww. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-hWw ]≤-Xn-bm-kq-
{X-Whpw ]≤Xn \n¿Δ-l-Whpw.
{]tXy-In®pw DXv]m-Z\ tkh\
taJ-e-I-fn¬.
hnhc tiJ-c-W-Øn-s\mcp am¿§-tcJ
{Kma-]-©m-bØv, ap≥kn-∏¬ Poh-\-°m¿, {]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cns‚ \nb-
{¥-W-Øn-ep≈ AwK≥hmSn h¿°
¿am¿, sl¬∏¿am¿, ssIam‰w sNø-
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw
]p\-cm-hn-jv°-cn-°p-tºmƒ
Ign-™-Im-em-\p-̀ -h-߃ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-SWw.
]ni-Ip-Iƒ kzbw hna¿i-\-]-c-ambn ho£n-°Ww.
`c-W-Øns‚ kpK-a-amb Hgp-°n\pw
^e-{]-Z-amb {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw
\nb-a-Ønepw N -́Ønepw
t`Z-KXn Bh-iy-am-sW-¶n¬ t`Z-KXn hcp-ØWw.
kº-Øns‚ Zp¿hn-\n-tbmKw
\S-∂n-́ p-s≠-¶n¬
BbXv Bh¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈
\S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°Ww.
19]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
∂-Xn-\mWv {ian-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ \mw Hcn-
SØpw FØn-t®-cm≥ t]mIp-∂n√.^≠v hoXn®v \¬Ip-∂-Xn\p Xs∂
hm¿U-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ASn-ÿm\
hnh-c-߃ A\n-hm-cy-amWv. GXp hnj-b-Ønepw Bkq-{Xn-X-amb ]≤XnXøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn\v ASn-ÿm\ hnh-c-
߃ Bh-iy-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Gsd Bbm-k-I-c-am-sW-¶nepw hm¿Up Xe-Øn¬hnhc tiJ-c-Whpw t{ImUo-I-c-WhpwA\nhmcyamb Imcyam-bXn\m¬,
]Xns\m∂mw ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-bpsS BZy-h¿jsØ ]≤Xn Bkq-{XW the-bn¬ ta¬]-d™ Xc-Øn-ep≈ hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn®v t{ImUo-
I -cn -°p -∂Xv P\-Io -bm -kq - {XW{]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]p\-cm-cw-̀ n-°p-∂-Xn\vaps∂m-cp-°-ambn IW-°m°n \S-]SnkzoI-cn-°p∂ Imcyw k¿°m¿ ]cn-K-
W\ A¿ln-°p∂p.teJI≥
tIcf ]©mbØvcmPvv, ap\nkn∏¬
\nba߃°pw N´ßƒ°pw Bhiyamb
t`ZKXnIƒ ip]m¿i sNøp∂Xn\p≈
I¨kƒt´‰ohv IΩn‰nbpsSA≤y£≥ IqSnbmWv.
s∏´ Poh-\-°m¿, ss{]adn sl¬Øvsk‚-dnse ^o¬Uv h¿°¿am¿,A≤ym-]-I¿, k∂-≤-{]-h¿Ø-I¿,IpSpw-_{io bqWn-‰p-I-fnse {]h¿Ø-I-cn¬ 10˛-mw ¢m v ]m m-b-h¿ F∂n-h-cpsS Iq´m-bva-bn¬ \n∂pw c≠pt]¿ hoX-ap≈ sNdp-kw-L-߃ cq]o-I-cn®v Bh-iy-amb ]cn-io-e\w \¬Intªm°v Xe-Øntem Pn√m Xe-Øntem D≠m-°p∂ Hcp t^m¿am-‰ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hm¿Uv Xe-Øn¬ Bhiyamb hnhc߃tiJcn®v {Kma]©mbØv, \Kck`mXeØn¬ t{ImUoIcn®v FSpØm¬hm¿Uv Xew apX¬ kwÿm\Xewhscbp≈ hnhc߃ hnc¬Xp-ºn¬e`y-amhpw. \nIpXn \n¿Æ-b-Øn\pw,\nIpXn hkq-em-°p-∂-Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-ßfpw C°q-´-Øn¬ tiJ-cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. ]ng-hp-Iƒ Fhn-sS-
bm-sW∂v Is≠Ømw. DXv]m-Z\
cwKØv \ne-hn-ep≈ Dev]m-Z-\hpw
Dev]m-Z\ £a-Xbpw a\- n-em°mw.
c≠p h¿jsØ Bkq-{XWØn\pw\n¿Δ-l-W-Øn\pw tijw apI-fn¬
]d-™-X-c-Øn¬ Hcp hnhctiJ-cWw
\S-Øn-bm¬ t\´-ßfpw tIm´-ßfpw
Is≠Ømw. ]nghv Fhn-sS-bm-sW∂v
hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ Ignbpw. DXv]m-Z\taJ-e-bn¬ D≠mb h¿≤-\hv Is≠
Ømw. A°m-cy-Øn¬ {Kma-]-©m-
bØv ap\n-kn-∏¬ `c-W-Iq-S -߃
XΩn¬ Btcm-Ky-I-c-am-sbmcp a’cw
Xs∂ D≠m-Ip-sa∂ Imcyw Dd-∏n-
°m≥ Ignbpw. ]≤-Xn-bpsS {]N-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠n ]≤Xn XpI-bn¬ \n∂pw
Nne-hn-Sp∂ coXn Bim-ky-am-tWm-
sb∂v ]cn-tim-[n-t°≠ Imew AXn-{I-an -®n -cn -°p∂p. {]kvXpX XpI
[q¿Ø-Sn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. Zp¿hn-\n-tbmKw
sNø-s∏-Sp∂p.
C.Fw.Fkv kºq¿Æ ]m¿∏nS
]≤-Xn-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n\pw CØ-c-Øn¬ Hcp hnhc tiJ-cWw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. {]mtZ-inI Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ hgn-bmWv ]≤Xn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂Xv. {]iv\-Øns‚ Bgw a\- n-em-°-W-sa-¶n¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ hni-Z-
amb hnhctiJ-cWw ]©m-bØv˛\Kc Xe-Øn¬ A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip∂p.]©m-bØv˛\Kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ hoSn-
√m-Ø-h-cpsS ]´nI hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn-eqsS Is≠Øn Xøm-dm-°Ww.Hcp Iqcbv°p Iosg ]e IpSpw-_-߃Ign™p IqSp∂p. Ah¿°p sNdp-sX-¶nepw ]m¿∏n-S-ap-≠m-IWw. kz¥-
ambn ̀ qan-bp-≈-h-cnepw ]m¿∏nSw C√m-
Ø-h-cp≠v. kz¥-ambn hcp-am-\-ap≈
`h-\-an-√m-Ø-h-cp≠v. C{]-Imcw kz¥-
ambn ]m¿∏n-S-an-√mØ hnhn[ Xc-
°msc k¿tΔ-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
Is≠Øn Xcw-Xn-cn®v ]´nI Xøm-
dm°n ap≥K-W\ \n›-bn®v ]©m-
bØv / ap\n-kn-∏¬ {]tZ-iØv Bh-
iy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ap≥K-
W\m {Ia-Øn¬ ]m¿∏nS ]≤Xn
kwÿm\ k¿°m¿ Xe-Øn¬ Xøm-
dm°n Bh-iym-[n-jvTn-X-ambn am¿§
\n¿t± -i -ßfpw ^≠pw hoXn®p
\¬IWw. tªm°v, Pn√m, kwÿm\
Xe-ß-fn¬ tamWn-´-dnwKv kwhn-[m-
\hpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂m¬ am{Xta ka-b-
_-‘n-X-ambn A¿l-X-bpsS ap≥K-
W\m {Ia-Øn¬ ]m¿∏nS ]≤Xn \S-
∏n-em°n hnP-bn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bp-I-
bp≈p.
apI-fn¬ hnh-cn® Xc-Øn-ep≈
hnh-c-ti-J-c-Whpw Ah t{ImUo-I-
cn®p sIm≠p-≈Xpw tI{μo-Ir-X-hpam-
bn -´p≈ Bkq-{X-Whpw C√msX
kºq¿Æ ]m¿∏nS ]≤Xn \S-∏n-em-°p-
Poh-\-°mcpw DtZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpw
{]tZ-inI k¿°m-cn-t‚bpw DtZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpw
Poh-\-°m-cp-am-sW∂ Ah-t_m[w kr„n-°Ww.
AXn-tebv°v AXXv
hIp-∏p-a-{¥n-am-cpsS i‡-amb ]n¥pW
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv.
]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bkq-{XWw sNøp-∂-Xn\v
Ahiyw Bh-iy-amb hnh-c-߃
{Kma-]-©m-bØv, \K-c-k`
hm¿U-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tiJ-cn®v
t{ImUo-I-cn-°Ww.
AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-hWw
]≤-Xn-bm-kq-{X-Whpw
]≤Xn \n¿Δ-l-Whpw.
20 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
73, 74 ̀ c-W-L-S\m t`Z-KXn {]Im-
c-amWv C¥y-bn¬ A[n-Imc hntI-{μo-
I-cWw \S-Øp-hm≥ {ia-߃ \S-∂Xv.
Cß-s\-bp-ff {ia-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw
Imcy£aambn {]h¿Øn-®Xv tIc-f-
amWv. Cu {ia-sØ-bmWv P\-In-bm-
kq-{XWw F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv. P\-Io-bm-
kq-{X-W-Øn-eqsS 73,74 `c-W-L-S-\m-
t`-Z-K-Xn-bpsS bYm¿∞-e£yw km¿∞-I-am-°p-hm-\mWv {ian-®Xv. A[n
ImchntI{μoIcWØns‚ ASn
ÿm\ XXzw k¿°mcns‚ P\m[n]XyhXv°cWamWv. AXpsIm≠v
Xs∂ A[n -Im -c -hn -tI-{μo -I -c -W-
Øns‚ BXy-¥nI e£yw aq∂mwX´n¬ Hcp k¿°m¿ krjvSn-°pI
F∂-XmWv. CXn-eqsS ]©m-b-Øp-
Iƒ Xt±-i-kzbw`c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fm-Ip-I-bmWv.
e£ywkpÿnc hnI-k\w
s{]m^. kn. cho-{μ-\mYvFw F¬ F
ta¬hn-h-cn® {]{Inb \S-°p-hm≥
A[n-Imcw am{Xw hntI-{μo-I-cn-®m¬
t]mc. 73, 74 `c-W-L-S\m t`Z-KXn
{]Imcw A[n-Imcw am{Xw hntI-{μo-I-cn-®m¬ aXn. AXp-am-{X-amWv CXc
kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ A[n-Imc hntI-{μo-
I-c-WØn-eqsS \S-∂Xv. ]t£ P\-Io-bm-kp-{X-W-Øn¬ kp{]-[m-\-amb
a‰v aq∂v LS-I-߃ IqSn Dƒs∏-SpØn
F∂-XmWv {it≤-b-amb am‰w. H∂v ˛Bkq-{X-W-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw ˛ CXn-
eqsS C∂v {Kma-X-e-Øn¬ ]≤Xn
tcJ-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°-s∏-́ p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Pn√m-Xe Bkp-{XW IΩn‰n
(DPC) A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-
°p-∂Xv tIc-f-Øn¬ am{X-amWv. c≠v˛ Bkp-{XWw sNbvX ]≤-Xn-Iƒ \S-
∏n-em-°p-hm≥ kºØv e`y-am-°p-∂-
Xn\v th≠n-bp≈ [\-hn-tI-{μo-I-
P\-Io-bm-kq{XWw
21]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
cWw. k¿°m-cns‚ 40 iX-am\w XpIXmsg-Ø-´n-te°v hntI-{μo-I-cn-®Xv
tIc-f-Øn¬ am{X-amWv. aq∂v ˛ `c-W-
]-c-amb `uXnI kml-N-cy-߃ C√.AXv h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv `c-W-]-c-
amb hntI-{μo-I-cWw sIm≠v e£y-
am-°p-∂Xv.
Npcp-°-Øn¬
A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw +
Bkq-{XW hntI-{μo-I-cWw +[\-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw +
`c-W-]-c-amb hntI-{μo-I-cWw =
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw
ka-{K-amb A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw Cß-s\-bmWv tIc-f-Øn¬
hyXykvXambpw imkv{Xo-b-ambpw \S-
∏n-em-°n-bXv. ]t£, CXn¬ \mem-asØ LS-I-amb ̀ c-W-]-c-amb hntI-
{μo-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm≥ Ign-
™n√.
Cßs\ Hcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬ XpS
¿∂p h∂ tIcf hnI-k\w ]q¿Øn-
bm-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂Xv `c-W-]-c-amb
hntI-{μo-I-c-W-amWv. AXv \S-Øn-bn√
F∂v am{X-a√, [\-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-Whpw
A´n-a-dn®p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ A[n-Im-c-hn-
tI-{μo-I-cW e£y-Øn¬ \n∂v AI-
ep-hm-\mWv Ign™ bp.Un.F^v
k¿°m¿ {ian-®Xv.
AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ ̀ c-W-]-c-amb
hntI-{μo-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-hm\pw
[\-hn-tI{μo-I-cWw ]q\x-ÿm-]n-°p-
hm-\p-amWv ]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\-
In-bm-kq-{XWw BZyw e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv.
as‰mcp `mj-bn¬ ]d-™m¬ k¿°m-
cns‚ P\m-[n-]-Xy-h¬°-cWw A¿∞-
am-°p-hm-\mWv e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv F∂v
]dbmw. P\m-[n-]Xyh¬°-c-W-Øn-
eqsS krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Xt±-i-kzbw
`c-W-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ BZy--e£yw
Bkq-{X-W-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw ]pjvI-e-
am°n sIm≠v {Kma-hn-I-k\w A¿∞-
h-Øm-°pI F∂-XmWv.
F√m a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw {]tXy-In®v
ASn-ÿm\ P\-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ PohnX
kml-N-cy-߃ ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Db¿Øp∂ kmaq-ly-{]-{In-b-bmWv hnI-k
\w F∂ \n¿Δ-N-\-amWv P\-Io-bm-kq-
{XWw \¬Ip-∂Xv. Cu \n¿Δ-N\w \S-∏n-em-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ aq∂v LS-I-߃
thWw.
1. D¬∏m-Z-\-h¿≤-\hv
2. kº-Øns‚ \oXn-]q¿Δ-I-ambhnX-cWw
\n¿t±iw bp‡n-`-{Z-amb \ne-]m-Sns‚`mK-amWv. D¬]m-Z\ h¿≤-\hv am{X-
amWv Pohn-X-{]iv\ ]cn-lm-c-Øns‚
XpS-°-ambn IW-°m-°-s∏-SpI.
D¬]m-Z\w Fßn-s\bpw h¿≤n-
∏n°mw. ]t£, P\-Io-bm-kp-{XWwD¬]m-Z\ h¿≤-\-hn\v th≠n {ian-°p-
∂Xv ]mcn-ÿn-XnI k¥p-e\w \ne-
\n¿Øn-s°m≠p am{X-amWv. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Aan-X-amb Npj-W-Øn-eqsS
D¬]m-Z\w h¿≤n-∏n-®m¬ ASpØ Xe-
ap-dbv°v Pohn-X-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øp-hm≥ DXIpw hn[w D¬]m-Z\w h¿≤n-
∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bn√. P\-Io-bm-kq-
{XWw \o¿Ø-Sm-[n-jvTnX hnI-k-\-]-cn-t{]£yw apt∂m´p hbv°p-∂Xv Cu
]›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWv. \o¿ØS kº-
∂X \jvS-s∏-´p -sIm-≠n-cn -°p∂pF∂Xv `oI-c-amb {]iv\-amWv. \o¿
Ø-S-Øn¬ Du∂n \n∂p sIm≠p am{X
ta kpÿn-c-hn-I-k\w km[y-am-°p-
hm≥ Ignbq. \o¿Ø-S-am∏nwKv an°
]©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw H∂mw L´-Øn¬
Xs∂ \S∂p Ign-™n-́ p≠v. Cu {]{In-
b-bpsS XpS¿® Xs∂-bmWv c≠mw
L´hpw e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv.
D¬]m-Z\ h¿≤-\hv D≠m-bXp
sIm≠v am{Xw hnI-k-\-ambn F∂v
Icp-Xp-hm≥ Ign-bn√. D¬]m-Zn-∏n-°-
s∏´ kºØv kaq-l-Øn¬ \oXn-
]q¿Δ-I-ambn hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-SWw.
\oXn-]q¿Δ-I-ambn hnX-cWw \S-°p-
hm≥ s]mXp-kw-hn-[m-\-߃ i‡-am-
IWw. s]mXp-Nn-In’m k{º-Zmbw,
s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymkw, s]mXp-hn-X-cWw
XpSßnb Bib߃ \ne\n¬
°Ww. AXn-\m¬, c≠mw-L-´-Øn¬
s]mXp-ÿm-]-\-ßsf \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw {]tXyI
Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw. s]mXp-
ÿm-] -\ -߃ \ne -\n¿Øp -hm≥kºq¿Æ-amb P\-]-¶m-fnØw Xs∂-
bmWv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv.
Npcp-°-Øn¬
D¬]m-Z\ h¿≤-\hv +
kº-Øns‚ \oXn-]q¿Δ-I-amb-hnXcWw +
]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb k¥p-e\w =
kpÿnc hnI-k\w
F∂ Bibw kºq¿Æ-ambn \S-
∏n-em-°pI F∂-XmWv ]Xns\m∂mw]≤Xn P\-Io -bm-kq - {XWØns‚
{][m-\-e£yw. CXn-eqsS {]mtZ-in-I-
hn-Ik\w F∂ Nnc-Im-e-kz]v\wkm£mXvI-cn-°-s∏Spw F∂v IcpXmw.
3. ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb k¥p-e\w
CXv aq∂pw \S-∏n-em-°p-hm-\mWv
]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\Iobmkq
{XWw e£y-an -Sp -∂Xv . HºXmw
]≤Xn P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-W-Øn¬ 40
iX-am\w XpI D¸m-Z\ taJ-e-bnse
]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v \o°n-h-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬
tIcf hnI-k-\-Øn¬ 30 iX-am-\-
am°n Ipd®q. c≠mw-L-´ -Øns‚
G‰hpw {][m\ \n¿t±iw Npcp-ßn-bXv
40 iX-am\w F¶nepw D¬∏m-Z-\-ta-J-
e-bn-te°v \o°n-h-°Ww F∂-XmWv.
D¬∏m-Z\ h¿≤-\hv e£y-an-Sp∂pF∂-Xns‚ {]Xy£ DZm-l-c-W-am-
WnXv. Im¿jnI, hymh-km-bnI, taJ-
e-I-fnepw ]c-º-cm-KX hyh-kmb taJ-
e-I-fnepw Du∂p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w {ZpX-K-
Xn-bn¬ D¬]m-Z\, kºØv h¿≤-\-
hn-\mbn IT, Sqdnkw taJ-e-I-fnepwDu∂p-I-bmWv X{¥w. apt∂m°
˛]nt∂m° _‘-ßsf (Backward &Forward linkage) imkv{Xo-b-ambn hne-bn -cpØn km¿∞-I-am -°n -sIm≠v
D¬]m-Z\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ D≠m-°-W-sa∂
A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw+
Bkq-{XW hntI-{μo-I-cWw+
[\-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw+
`c-W-]-c-amb hntI-{μo-I-cWw=
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw
22 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-Whpw P\-]-
¶m-fn-Øm-[n-jvTnX Bkq-{X-Whpw
C¥y≥ tZiob {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ al-
Ømb e£y-ß-fm-bn -cp∂p. C∂v
\ΩpsS kwÿm-\-Øn\v B D∂-X-
amb e£y km£m-XvIm-c-Øns‚ ˛
hntI-{μo-IrX P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m-
\-Øns‚ ˛ ap∂-Wn-bn-emWv ÿm\w.
1996˛-2001 Ime-b-f-hn¬ kwÿm-\Øv
\S-∏n-em-°nb P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw
AØ-c-samcp ASn-Ød Hcp-°p-∂-Xn¬
kp{]-[m\ ]¶mWv hln-®Xv. ]≤-Xn-
I-fpsS Bkq-{X-Whpw KpW-t`m‡r
Xnc-s™-Sp∏pw, ]≤Xn \n¿Δ-l-Whpw
P\-Io -b -ambn \S -∏m -°nb B
Iymssº≥ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ \n∂pw,
]Øv kwh-’-c-°mew ]n∂n´ Cu
kμ¿`-Øn¬ P\-Io -bm -kq - {XW
{]ÿm\w ÿm]-\-h-ev°-cn -°pI
F∂-XmWv C∂v \ΩpsS apºn-ep≈
ISa. ^e-Øn¬ hntI-{μo-IrXm-kq-
{XWw ÿmbnbpw kpÿn-c-hp-am-
°Ww. t]mb h¿j-ß-fn¬ \S-∏n-em-
Fw.hn. _meIrjvW≥ amÿ
]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xnbpw °nb hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-{X-WØns‚
A¥x-k-Ø-bmb hn -̀h-߃ Dev]m-Z\
taJ-e-bn¬ ̂ e-h-Ømbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-
°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nd-tIm´v t]mbn. ]≤Xn
cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw \n¿Δ-l-W-Ønepw
Ah-[m-\-X-Iƒ IS-∂p-IqSn. {]mtZ-
inI sshZKv≤yw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-
Xn¬ Xmev]cyw ImWn-®n√. Agn-aXn
Zqco-I-cn-°m≥ km[n-®n√. ]≤Xn tcJ-
Iƒ°pw \n¿±njvS t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ°pw
bm{¥n-I-amb AwKo-Imcw \¬I¬
]≤Xn e£ysØ Xs∂ ]e-t∏mgpw
XInSw adn®p. ]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn
P\Iobmkq{XWØn¬ ta¬∏-d™
t]mcm-bva-I-sf√mw ]cn-l-cn-°m≥
km[n-t°-≠-Xp≠v. P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW
thZn -Isf˛{Kma -k`/hm¿Uv k`
apX¬˛i‡n-s∏-Sp -ØWw. ]≤Xn
cq]o-I-cWw kpXm-cyhpw ka-b-_-‘n-
X-hp -am -°Ww. t{]mP-IvSp -Iƒ°v
AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-∂Xv Imcy-£-a-am-
°Ww. ]≤Xn \n¿Δ-lWw kpXm-
cyhpw Agn-aXncln-Xhpw ka-b-
]Øv ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬
\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤Xn {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬
Un.]n.kn°v AXn-\n¿Æm-b-I-amb ]¶mWv
hln-°m-\p-≈Xv.
Pn√-bpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\v
Hcp ]pXnb ImgvN-∏mSv D≠m-t°-≠-Xp≠v.
]≤-Xn-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw
Db¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ Un.]n.knbpsS ]¶v
hep-XmWv.
23]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
_‘n-X-hp-am-°Ww. samØ-Øn¬
{]mtZ-in-Im-kq-{XWw Ne-\m-fl-Ihpw
P\-Io -b -hp -am -°Ww. kwÿm\
k¿°m-cns‚ ]≤Xn ImgvN-∏mSv km[n-
X-{]m-b-am-°Ww. ]≤Xn \n¿Δ-l-W-
Ønepw XZzmc {]tbm-P-\-Ønepw
KpW-\n-e-hm-c-Ønepw ta∑ D≠m-
°m≥ km[n-°Ww. Ign™ Hcp Zim-
_vZ-°m-esØ ]≤Xn {]h¿Ø-\-ß-
fnse t]mcm-bva-Iƒ \mw a\- n-em-
°Ww. ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-߃
G¿s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \mw hf-sc-tbsd
apt∂m´v t]mbn. F∂m¬ s]mXp-P\
tkh-\-߃ ^e-{]-Z-ambn \¬Ip-∂-
Xn¬ \ap°v henb t]mcm-bva-Iƒ
kw` -hn®p. Ht´sd BkvXn -Iƒ
krjvSn -°m≥ Xt±-i-kz -bw -` -cW
ÿm]-\-߃°v km[n®p. ]s£
Ah-bpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw sa®-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂-Xnepw Ah kwc-£n-°p-∂-
Xnepw XpS¿ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp-
∂-Xnepw ipjvIm¥n ImWn-°msX
t]mbn. kmº-ØnI hnI-k-\-Øn¬
apt∂m´v t]mIm≥ km[n-®n√. Xt±-i-
kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ßfpw ssIam‰w
sNbvX a‰p hIp-∏p-Ifpw P\-Io-b-am-
°m-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ th≠{X
sa®-s∏-´n√. s]mXp-`-c-W-Øn¬ P\-
߃ B{K-ln-°p∂ coXn-bn-te-°p-b-
cm≥ Ign-™n√. CXn-sems° amXr-
Im-]-c-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Nne-bn-S-
ß-fn-sem-s°-bp-≠mbn F∂Xv hnkva-
cn-®p-sIm-≠√ Cu \nK-a-\-ß-fn-se-Øp-
∂Xv. ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤Xn cq]o-I-c-
Whpw AXn¬ Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-
Xn-I-fpsS {]k-‡nbpw {]m[m-\yhpw
t\Xr-Xzhpw \mw hni-I-e\w sNtø-
≠-Xp≠v.
`c-W-L-S-\-bnse 74-̨ mw t`Z-K-XnbpsS
243 Z D hIp-∏n-emWv Un.]n.knbpsS
LS\, e£y-߃, ÿm\w F∂nh
hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-́ p-≈Xv. ̀ c-W-L-S\m t`Z-
K-Xn-aqew Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-I-
fpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW
ÿm]-\-߃ Xøm-dm-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-
Iƒ t{ImUo-I-cn-°pI, Pn√m-Xe IcSv
hnI-k\ ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-°pI F∂n-
h-bmWv. ÿe-]c Bkq-{XWw, ̀ uXn-
Ihpw {]Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-hp-amb hn`-h-ß-
fpsS ]¶p-sh-°¬, ASn-ÿm\ kuI-
cy-ß-fp-sSbpw ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£-W-
Øn-s‚bpw GtIm-]nX hnI-k\w XpS-
ßnb Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW ÿm]-\-
߃°v s]mXp Xmev]-cy-ap≈ hnj-
b-ßfpw kmº-Øn-Itam kmº-Øn-tI-
X-ctam Bb hn`-h-ß-fpsS {]tXy-I-
Xbpw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠mWv
Pn√-°msI _m[-I-amb Pn√m-Xe
IcSv hnI-k\ ]≤Xn Xøm-dm-t°-
≠Xv F∂pw `c-W-L-S\ A\p-im-kn-
°p∂p. 1994-se tIcf ap\n-kn-∏m-en‰n
\nbaw 53-̨ mw hIp∏p {]Im-c-amWv tIc-
f-Øn¬ Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-Iƒ
cq]-h¬Ir-X-am-bXv. BsI AwK-
kwJy 15-Dw AXn¬ 12 AwK-߃ Pn√-
bnse {Kma/\Kc P\-kw-Jybv°v
B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-
Xp-amWv. Chsc sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv
Pn√m ]©m-b-Øn-sebpw \K-c-k`m
Pn√m Bkq{XW kanXnbpw
24 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
ÿm]-\-ß-fn-sebpw sXc-s™-Sp-°-
s∏´ P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fmWv. Pn√m B
kq-{XW kanXn sNb¿am≥ Pn√m
]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚mWv. saº¿ sk
{I-´dn Pn√m If-IvS-dp-amWv. IqSmsX
Hcp k¿°m¿ t\man-\nbpw D≠mIpw.
HºXv, ]Øv ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw
hyXy-kvX-ambn ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤Xn
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Un.]n.kn°v AXn-
\n¿Æm-b-I-amb ]¶mWv hln-°m-\p-
≈Xv. Pn√-bpsS hnI-k-\-Øn\v Hcp
]pXnb ImgvN-∏mSv D≠m-t°-≠-Xp≠v.
]≤-Xn-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw Db¿
Øp-∂-Xn¬ Un.]n.knbpsS ]¶v hep-
XmWv. C¥y-bnse CXc kwÿm-\-
ß-fnse Un.]n.knI-sf-°mƒ {]h¿
Ø-\-£-a-amb kan-Xn-bmWv \Ωp-tSXv.
F¶nepw C∂sØ {]h¿Ø\ß-
fnse Ht´sd t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-
t°-≠-Xp≠v. CXp-hsc {]h¿Øn-®p-
t]m-∂Xv Hcp IΩn-‰n-bm-bn-´mWv. A
sXmcp ÿm]-\-am°n am‰n-sb-Sp-°p-
hm≥ Ign-bWw. Ign™ Ime-ß-fn¬
Un.]n.kn ]≤Xn Bkq-{X-W-Øn¬
CS-s]-Sm-dn√. t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ am{Xw
tIh-em¿∞-Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®p- sIm-
Sp-°p∂ {]hr-Øn-bmWv Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cp-
∂Xv. Ch am‰n-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Pn√-
bnse `c-W-L-S-\m-]-c -amb GI
ÿm]-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ]≤Xn cq]o-
I-cWw, Ah-tem-I\w, AwKo-Imcw,
\n¿Δ-lWw, dnhyq Cu Xe-ß-fn-
se√mw Pn√m Bkq-{XW kanXn CS-
s]-SWw. Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ Xs∂ ]≤-
Xn°v Hcp Znim \n¿Æbw \S-Øp-hm
\pw P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw kpÿm-]n-X-
am-°phm\pw t\XrXzw hln-°Ww.
A[n-Imc hntI-{μo-I-c-Whpw, Bkq-
{XW hntI-{μo-Ic-Whpw ^e-h-Øm-
°Ww.
Pn√m ]≤Xn Hcp aƒ´n-se-h¬
πm\nwKv B°n am‰Ww. {]mY-an-I-Xew
apX¬ \S-∏n-em-°p∂ hnhn[ ]≤-Xn-
Iƒ GtIm-]n-∏n-°m≥ km[n-°Ww.
Iogvta¬ Xehpw Xncn®pw Hcp Bkq-
{XW {]{In-bbv°v cq]w-sIm-Sp-°Ww.
Hmtcm taJ-e-bnse {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw
a‰p taJ-e-I-fp-ambn ]c-kv]c ]qc-I-
am-°Ww. Npcp-°-Øn¬ {]mtZ-in-Im-
kq-{XWw e£ym-[n-jvTn-X-am-°p-∂-
Xn¬ Un.]n.kn \n¿Æm-bI ]¶v hln-
°Ww. hn`h hn\n-tbm-K-Øns‚ Imcy-
£-aX Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØWw. Pn√-bpsS
samØw s]mXp-hn-I-k\ e£y-߃
ssIh-cn -°m≥ klm-b -I -amb
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°Ww. hnI-
k\ km≤y-X-Iƒ Is≠Øn ap≥K-
W-\-Iƒ \n›-bn®v hn`-h-߃ hI-bn-
cp -Øp-∂-Xn\v Xt±-i-kz -bw-` -cW
ÿm]-\-ßsf klm-bn-°Ww. {]mtZ-
inI ]≤Xn cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw \n¿Δ-
l-W-Ønepw P\-Iob ]¶m-fn-Øhpw
kpXm-cy-Xbpw Iq´mb Xocp-am-\-ßfpw
Un.]n.kn Dd-∏m-°Ww. Pn√-bpsS hnI-
k\ km≤y-X-Ifpw hnI-k\ {]iv\-
ßfpw {]mtZ-in-Im-kq-{X-W-Øn\v
klm-b-I-am-Ip∂ Xc-Øn¬ Pn√m-Xe
am¿§-tcJ Xøm-dm-°m≥ Pn√m Bkq-
{XW kan-Xn°v Ign-tb-≠-XmWv.
tI{μm -hn -jvIrX, kwÿm-\m -hn -
jvIrX ]≤-Xn-Ifpw a‰v hnhn[ Xe-
ß-fn-ep≈ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw, {]mtZ-inI
]≤-Xn-bp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v
Ignt™ aXn-bmIq. [\-Imcy ÿm]-
\ß-fpsS hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn -ep≈
tbmK-߃ hnfn-®p-Iq´n \m\m-ap-J-amb
hmbv]m ]≤-Xn-Ifpw [\-k-lm-b-ß
fpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Un.]n.
kn°v Ignbpw. Cu A¿∞-Øn¬ Pn√-
bpsS khn-ti-j-amb hnI-k-\-{]-iv\-
߃°v ]cn-lmcw Is≠Øn ka{K
hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v cq]w sImSp-
°m≥ Un.]n.knbpsS CS-s]-S¬
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. CXn\v klm-
bn-°m≥ Un.]n.kn bpsS sk{I-´-dn-
tb‰v ^e-{]-Z-am-°Ww. Pn√m-Xe
hIp∏v ta[m-hn-Iƒ Un.]n.knbpsS
tPmbn‚ v sk{I-´-dn-am-cmWv. Ah-cpsS
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ GtIm-]n-∏n-°Ww,
kPo-h-am-°Ww. AtXm-sSm∏w hnhn[
hIp-∏p-I-fn-eq-sSbpw A√m-sXbpw \S-
Ø-s∏-Sp∂ hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃
GtIm-]n-∏n-°m\pw bYm-h-kcw Ah-
tem-I\w sNøm\pw CS-s]-SWw.
kmt¶-XnI D]-tZ-iI kan-Xn-Iƒ
Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan -Xn -I-fpsS
kmt¶-XnI klmb IΩn-‰n-I-fm-°m-
\p-X-I-Ø° \ne-bn¬ \ne-hn-ep≈
{]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v am‰w hcpØn ]p\x-
kw-L-Sn-∏n-°Ww. ]≤Xn Ah-tem-I\
dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Un.]n.kn°v ka¿∏n-
°m\pw G¿∏m-Sm-°Ww. Pn√m Bkq-
{XW kan-Xn-bpsS tI{μ Hm^okv
kwhn-[m-\-ß-fmb Pn√m Bkq-{XW
Hm^okv, {Kma˛\K-cm-kq-{XW hIp∏v,
C°-tWm-anIvkv & Ãm‰n -ÃnIvkv
hIp∏v Pn√m Zmcn{Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\
kanXn F∂o ÿm]-\ -ß-fpsS
{]h¿Ø\w GtIm-]n -∏n®v Pn√m
Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w
Imcy-£-a-am-°Ww. Pn√m ]≤Xn cq]o-
I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Xt±-i-kz-bw-`-cW
ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Bkq-{XW {]{In-b-
bn¬ ̂ e-{]-Z-ambn klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v
klm-b-I-amb hnh-cm-Sn-Ød e`y-am-°p-
∂-Xn\pw Un.]n .kn Hm^o -kn\v
km[nt® aXn-bmhq. ]≤Xn cq]o-I-
cWw apX¬ ]≤Xn \n¿Δ-lW dnhyq
L´w -hsc hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬
Un.]n.kn sk{I-´-dn-tb-‰n\v ^e-{]-Z-
amb ]¶m-fnØw hln-°m≥ Ign-
bWw. bYm-k-abw sSIv\n -°¬
AssUz -kdn {Kq∏ v cq]o -I -cn® v
{]h¿Ø\w ̂ e-{]-Z-am-°Ww. kmt¶-
XnI D]-tZ-iI kan-Xn-Iƒ°v ]≤Xn
Pn√m ]≤Xn
Hcp aƒ´n-se-h¬ πm\nwKv
B°n am‰Ww.
{]mY-an-I-Xew apX¬
\S-∏n-em-°p∂
hnhn[ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ
GtIm-]n-∏n-°m≥ km[n-°Ww.
Iogvta¬ Xehpw Xncn®pw
Hcp Bkq-{XW {]{In-bbv°v
cq]w-sIm-Sp-°Ww.
Hmtcm taJ-e-bnse
{]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw
a‰p taJ-e-I-fp-ambn
]c-kv]c]qc-I-am-°Ww.
25]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
tcJbpw t{]mP-IvSp-Ifpw bYm-hn[n
hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw D]-tZi \n¿t±-
i-߃ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\pw Ah-tem-I\w
\S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw km[n-°Ww. kmt¶-
XnI D]-tZi {Kq∏p-I-fp-sSbpw k_v
{Kq∏p-I-fp-sSbpw {]h ¿Ø-\-߃ CS-
bv°nsS Un.]n.kn Ahtem-I\w
sNøWw. CØcw tbm K-ß-fn¬
DtZym-Kÿ ]¶m-fn-Øhpw Ah-cpsS
Imcy-£-a-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Dd-∏m-
°Ww. Pn√-bnse Kth-jW ÿm]-
\-߃, s{]m^-j-W¬ hnZym-`ymk
ÿm]-\-߃ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnse hnZ-
K v≤sc Is≠Øn sSIv\n -°¬
AssUz-kdn {Kq∏ns‚ {]h ¿Ø\w
Imcy-£-a-am-°m≥ Un.]n.kn {]Xn-
⁄m-_-≤-amWv . Cu Xc -Øn¬
Un.]n.kn Pn√m-Xe Bkq-{XW kan-
Xn-bmbn A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Db¿∂v
{]h¿Øn-°Ww. Un.]n.knbpsS kpK-
a-amb {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v C∂v \ne-
\n¬°p∂ Nne t]mcm-bva-Iƒ ]cn-l-
cn -t°-≠-Xm -bn -´p≠v . H∂m -aXv
Un.]n.kn F∂Xv Pn√-bnse Hcp `c-
W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb Db¿∂ ÿm]-\-am-
sW∂v F√m Xe-ß-fn-ep-≈-hcpw a\-
n-em°n {]h¿Øn-°Ww. Fw.F¬.
F, Fw.]n. F∂n-h-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw
\ma-am-{X-amWv. AXv ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te°v
FØn-°Ww. as‰m∂v Un.Un.kn Hgn-
hm-°Ww. Un.Un.kn cq]o-I-cW thf-
bn¬ Xs∂ ]d-™Xv CsXmcp CS-
°me kwhn-[m-\-amWv F∂mWv. `c-
W-L-S-\m-]-c-amb Hcp kan-Xn-sb∂
\ne-bn¬ Un.]n.kn h∂m¬ kzm-`m-hn-
I-ambpw Un.Un.kn Hgn-hm-°-s∏-tS-≠-
Xp≠v. C∂sØ \ne-bn¬ Un.Un.kn
bneqsS \S-Øp∂ {]h¿Ø\w ^e-
{]-Z-ambn \nb-a-]-c-ambn \S-Øm≥
Un.]n.knbneqsS am{Xta km[n-°p-I-
bp≈p. Fw.F¬.F, Fw.]n F∂n-h-
cpsS ^≠p-Iƒ Un.]n.knbp-ambn
tbmPn®v Pn√-bpsS samØw hnI-k\
]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ap≥K-W-\-b-\p-k-cn®v
sNe-h-gn-°m≥ km[n-t°-≠-Xm-bn-
´p≠v. Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-bpsS
saº¿ sk{I-´-dn-bpsS t\XrXzw ̂ e-
{]-Z-am-°Ww. ]≤Xn cq]o-I-cW am¿§
\n¿t±-i-߃ k¿°m¿ DØ-c-hp-Iƒ,
hn⁄m-]-\-߃, k¿°p-e-dp -Iƒ
F∂nh bYm-k-abw Pn√m Bkq-{XW
kanXn AwK-߃°v e`n-°Ww. Pn√m
Bkq-{XW kanXn AwK-߃ °v
Npa-Xem hn -̀P\w \¬IWw. Pn√m-Xe
hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ kwÿm\ ]≤-
Xn-bp-ambn tN¿°Ww.
Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-bpsS
{]h¿Ø-\-߃°m-h-iy-amb A[n-Im-
chpw kºØpw \¬IWw. ̀ c-W-L-S-
\m-]-c-amb ÿm]-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬
BkvXn-b-\p-k-cn®v N´-ßfpw \nb-a-
ßfpw D≠m-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Npcp-°-
Øn¬ Pn√-bnse Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-
\-ß-fpsS Bkq-{X-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-
fpsS tI{μ_nμp-hmbn amdm≥ Pn√m
Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-Iƒ°v Ign-bWw.
kmº-ØnI hnI-k\w˛Im¿jnI˛
Im¿jn-tI-Xc taJ-e-I-fn¬ {]tXy-
In®v˛tkh\ taJe, kmaqly \oXn˛
Ch-bn-eq∂n \n∂psIm≠p≈ {]h¿
Ø\w ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤-Xn -bn¬
e£y-am-°Ww. Cu Bh-iy-Øn-te-
°mbn {]mtZ-inI kmº-ØnI hnI-
k\w \o¿ØS ]cn-]m-e\ ]≤Xn,
hnZym-`ymk ]≤Xn, BtcmKy ]≤Xn,
kwtbm-PnX inip-hn-I-k\ ]≤Xn,
Zmcn{Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\ D]-]-≤Xn,
kºq¿Æ ipNnXz ]≤Xn, IpSn -
sh≈w, {]tXyI LSI ]≤-Xnbpw
]´n-I-h¿§ D] ]≤-Xnbpw, Du¿÷
]≤Xn, IW-Iv‰n-hn‰n πm≥ XpS-ßnb
LS-I-߃°v ap≥K-W\ \¬In-bn-
´pt≠m F∂Xv Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-
Xn-bpsS ]cn-K-W\m hnj-b-ß-fmWv.
am{X-a√ \n¿_-‘-ambpw \n›nX
XpI \o°n hbvt°≠ taJ-e-IƒIv
btYm-NnXw XpI hI-bn-cp-Øn-bn-
´pt≠m F∂Xpw ]cn-tim-[-\bv°v
hnt[-b-am-t°-≠-Xp≠v. k¿tΔm-]cn
kZv`-cWw {]Zm\w sNø-Ø° \ne-
bn¬ D≠m-°nb s{]mPIvSpw \n¿_-
‘-am-Wv. C∂sØ hnI-k-\hpw `c-
W-]-c-hp-amb Ahÿ ka-{K-ambn
]cn-tim-[n®v \msf F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww
F∂-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Pn√-bpsS am\h
hnI-k\ dnt∏m¿´v IqSn {]Xn-^-en-∏n-
°-Ø° \ne-bn¬ Hcp Pn√m hnI-k\
dnt∏m¿´pw Z¿i\ tcJbpw Pn√m
πm\nwKv IΩo-j\v D≠m-°m≥ km[n-
°Ww.
tIc-f-Ønse Pn√m Bkq-{XW
kan-Xnsb hyh-ÿm-]n-X-am-°m≥
\ap°v km[n-°Ww. Hcp ]pXnb hnI-
k\ ktμiw P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°Ww.
Bkq-{XW {]{In-b-bn¬ Hcp ]pXnb
ImgvN-∏mS v bmYm¿∞y-am -°Ww.
{]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-fpsS kmao]yw
P\-߃°v A\p-`h thZy-am-°Ww.
]pXnb Xe-Øn¬ Pn√m Bkq-{XW
kan-Xn-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø\w ]pXnb
kmaqly kmº-ØnI cmjv{So-b-amb
ImgvN-∏m-tSmSp IqSn tIc-f-Øn¬
kwL-Sn-∏n-°m≥ A[n-Imc hntI-{μo-
I-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw P\m-[n-]Xy hntI-
{μo-IrX Bkq-{X-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw Ign-
bp-am-dm-Is´.
teJI≥
Imk¿tImSv Pn√m ]©mbØv
{]knU‚mWv
Pn√-bnseXt±-i-̀ -cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsSBkq-{X-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS
tI{μ_nμp-hmbn amdm≥Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-Iƒ°v
Ign-bWw.kmº-ØnI hnI-k\wIm¿jnI˛Im¿jn-tI-Xc
taJ-e-I-fn¬{]tXy-In®v̨ tkh\ taJe,kmaqly \oXn˛Ch-bn-eq∂n\n∂psIm≠p≈ {]h¿Ø\w
]Xn-s\m∂mw]≤-Xn-bn¬
e£y-am-°Ww.
26 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤Xn`c-W-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ P\-߃°v
IqSp-X¬ CSw \¬IWw
tIcfw A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cW
\S-]-Sn-Iƒ°v {]mcw`w Ipdn-®n´v GI-
tZiw 12 h¿j-߃ ]n∂n-Sp∂p. {]mtZ-
inI k¿°m-cp-Isf im‡o-I-cn-°p-∂-
Xn¬ \mw ssIh-cn® ]ptcm-KXn, `c-
W-L-S-\-bpsS 73, 74 t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ
{]h¿Øn-]-Y-Øn¬ FØn-°p-∂-Xn¬
kwÿm-\sØ ap≥\n-c-bn¬ FØn®p.
A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-c-WsØ apt∂m v́
\bn-°p-∂-Xn\v 10 h¿jw apºv \mw
hntI-{μo-IrX ]¶m-fn-Ø-B-kq-{XWw
sXc-s™-SpØp. Xmsg-Ø-´n¬ \n∂m-
cw-`n-°p∂ Bkq-{X-W-{]-{In-bbv°v
hnP-b-{]-Z-amb Hcp coXn-imkv{Xw hnI-
kn-∏n -°p-∂-Xn\v kwÿm-\-Øn\v
km[n-®n-´p≠v. tIc-f-Øns‚ hntI-{μo-
IrX Bkq-{XW k{º-Zmbw tZiob
Xe-Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´n´p-≠v.
tI{μ ]©m-bØv cmPv a{¥m-ebw
XrW-aq-e-Xe Bkq-{X-W-Øn-\p-th≠n
cq]o-I-cn® hnZKv[ kwLw Ch hne-
bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw hntI-{μo-IrX Bkq-{X-
W-Øn\v tI{μ Bkq-{XW IΩo-j≥
kwÿm-\-߃°v \¬In-bn-́ p≈ am¿§-
\n¿t±-i-߃°v tIc-f-Øns‚ k{º-Zm-
b-hp-ambn kmay-ap-≈Xpw {it≤-b-
am-Wv.
Ign™ Hcp Zim-_vZ-°m-esØ
A\p-`-h-߃ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw
{]h¿Øn-]-Y-Øn¬ t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂Xpw
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤-Xn-bpsS Bkq-{X-W-
{]-{In-b-bn¬ D≠m-Im-\n-S-bp-≈-Xp-amb
{]iv\-ß-sfbpw sh√p-hn-fn-I-sfbpw
t\cn-tS-≠-Xn-\p≈ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏p-Iƒ \S-
tØ≠ ka-b-am-WnXv.
Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS ]Xn-
s\m∂mw ]©-h-’-c-]-≤Xn cq]o-I-
cW am¿§-\n¿t±-i-߃ Cu e£yw
ap≥\n¿Øn-bmWv Xøm-dm-°n-bn-́ p-≈Xv.
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\-Io-bm-kq-
{XW ]≤-Xn-bmbn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬
ÿm]-\-h-Xv°-cW (Institution-alisation) {]iv\-߃ \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Ip∂p. Ah-bn¬ NneXv Xmsg ]d-bp-
∂-h-bmWv.
1. {Kma-k`/hm¿Uv k -̀Iƒ, h¿°nwKv
{Kq∏p-Iƒ, hnI-k\ skan-\m-dp-Iƒ
F∂n-h-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ Bkq-{X-W-
Øns‚ Du¿÷hpw HmP pw Xncn-
®-dn-bpI.
2. Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn-Isf
Bkq-{XW {]{In-bbv°pw tamWn-
‰-dnw-Kn-\p-am-bp≈ ÿm]-\-ß-fmbni‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpI
Fkv.-Fw. hnP-bm-\μv sF F -F-kv
27]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
3. hkvXp-X-Ifpw kml-N-cy-ßfpw
Imcy-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXv
imkv{Xo-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kmaq-
lnI hnI-k\ ap≥K-W-\-Iƒ \n›-
bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]¶m-fnØ Bkq-
{XW kwkvImcw Du´n-D-d-∏n-°pI.
4. h\nXm LSI ]≤Xn, Zmcn-{Zy-
\n¿Ωm¿÷\ D]-]-≤Xn, kwtbm-
PnX kºq¿Æ Du¿÷ ]≤Xn,
inip-°ƒ, hr≤¿, hnI-emw-K¿
F∂n-h¿°m-bp≈ ]≤Xn, kZv`-
cW \n¿Δ-lW ]≤Xn F∂o hnI-
k\ ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ A¥¿eo-\-amb
i‡nsb Xncn-®-dn-bpI.
5. hnI-k\ kao-]-\hpw ap≥K-W-\bpw
\n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ N¿®-I-fn¬
P\-]-¶m-fnØw h¿≤n-∏n-°pI.
6. Xt±-i-̀ -cW ÿm]-\-߃°v ssIam-
dn-bn-́ p≈ AwK≥hm-Sn-Iƒ, kvIqfp-
Iƒ, Bip-]-{Xn-Iƒ XpS-ßnbs]mXp-tk-h\ ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS \S-
Øn∏v Imcy-£-a-am-°pI.
7. Xt±-i-ÿm-]-\-߃°v ssIam-dn-bn-´p≈ DtZym-K-ÿ¿, Ah-bpsS Poh-
\ -°m -cm -sW∂ t_m[w Dƒ
s°m≠v Npa-X-e-Iƒ \n¿Δ-ln-°p∂p F∂v Dd-∏m-°pI.
8. Hm^okv amt\-Pvsa‚ v, km[-\-km-a-{Kn-I-fpsS hm߬, s]mXp-a-cm-aØv
{]h¿Øn-I-fpsS \n¿Δ-lWw F∂n-
hbv°v B[p-\n-I kwhn-[m\wG¿s∏-Sp-Øp-I.
9. Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃ sa®-s∏´
[\ amt\-Pvsa‚ v kwhn-[m\w
{]tXy-In®v _P-‰nwKv, A°u-
≠nwKv, HmUn-‰nwKv F∂n-h-bv°mbn
Imcy-£-a-amb kwhn-[m\w Bhn-
jv°-cn-°pI.
10. Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv am[y-a-ß-fp-sS-IqSn
klm-b-tØmsS tamWn-‰-dnwKv
kwhn-[m\w i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpI.
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤-Xn-bpsS hy‡-
amb hnI-k\ e£y-߃ Xmsg ]d-
bpw-{]-Imcw kw{K-ln-°mw.
1. Im¿jnI taJ-e-bpsS ]p\-cp-≤m-c-
W-Øn-eqsS {]mtZ-inI kmº-
ØnI hnI-k\w ssIh-cn-°pI.
2. km[m-c-W-°msc e£y-an´v s]mXp-
tk-h\ kwhn-[m\w sa®-s∏-Sp-
ØpI.
3. ]m¿iz-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Hgn-hm-
°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX hn`m-K-ßsfDƒs∏-SpØn kmaq-lnI \oXn Dd-
∏p-h-cp-ØpI.
{]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-Iƒ Imcy-£-
a-amb hnI-k-\-ÿm-]-\-߃ F∂-Xn-
ep-]cn kZv`-cW \n¿Δ-lW ÿm]-\-߃ IqSn-bmbn h¿Øn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw
`c-W-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ P\-߃°v IqSp-
X¬ CS-s]-S-en\v Ah-kcw \¬Ip-∂p-sh∂pw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠-
XmWv.
teJ-I≥
Xt±-i-kz-bw-̀ -cW hIp∏v
{]n≥kn-∏¬ sk{I-´-dn-bm-Wv.
Ign™ HcpZim-_vZ-°m-esØ
A\p-`-h-߃hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw{]h¿Øn-]-Y-Øn¬t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂Xpw
]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤-Xn-bpsSBkq-{X-W-{]-{In-b-bn¬D≠m-Im-\n-S-bp-≈-Xp-amb
{]iv\-ß-sfbpwsh√p-hn-fn-I-sfbpwt\cn-tS-≠-Xn-\p≈Xøm-sd-Sp-∏p-Iƒ
\S-tØ≠ ka-b-am-WnXv.
28 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
THE KERALAMUNICIPALITY
BUILDING RULES, 1999ALONGWITH
KERALA MUNICIPALITY BUILDING RULES 1999EXTENDEDTOALLVILLAGE PANCHAYATS - GOVT. ORDER
(S.R.O. No. 495/2007 PUB, G.O. (M/S.) No. 150/2007/LSGD DT. 6-6-2007)
CIRCULAR REGARDING APPLYINGKERALA MUNICIPALITY BUILDING RULES, 1999
TOALLVILLAGE PANCHAYATS(CIRCULAR No. 24136/R.A. 1/07/LSGD)
EDITED BY N. SUGATHAN, Advocate, Ernakulam
With the following forms
PROFORMA FOR BUILDING APPLICATION REGISTER (Proposed) sI´nS \n¿-ΩmW At]£ ssI]‰vckoXv APPLICATION FOR PERMIT/REGULARISATION sI´nS \n¿ΩmW At]£ \nc-kn-®p-sIm-
≠p≈ Adn-bn∏v sI´nS \n¿ΩmW At]£ \yq\-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Adn-bn∏v _n¬UnwKv s]¿an‰v \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂/\nc-kn-®n-cn-°p∂ At]-£-bpsS hniZ hnh-c-߃Details of Unauthorised Constructions PROFORMA FOR REGISTERING BUILDINGS UNDER
CONSTRUCTION/LAND DEVELOPMENT ETC.ON THE DATE OF IMPLEMENTING BUILDING RULES
THE KERALA BUILDING (REGULARISATION OF UNAUTHORISED CONSTRUCTION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT)RULES, 1999 THE TOWN PLANNING ACT LAND UTILISATION ORDER, 1967 EXTRACT FROM THE KERALA
MUNICIPALITY ACT EXTRACT FROM THE KERALA PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT IMPORTANT CIRCULARS & ORDERS ONCRZ sI´n-S-ß-fn¬ ta¬°qc ag-sh≈ kw`cW kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-cW Ipdn∏pw
am¿§-\n¿t±-i-ßfpw (CIRCULAR NO. 6792/D1/04/LSGD, TVM., DT. 17-03-2004) GENERAL TOWN PLANNINGSCHEME FOR - TRIVANDRUM / CENTRAL CITY OF KOCHI / CALICUT URBAN AREA THE ENVIRONMENT
(PROTECTION) ACT (NOTIFICATION S.O. 1533 dated 14-9-2006)
*13th Edition July 2007 *400 Pages *Price Rs. 232/-
TO GET THE BOOKS, PLEASE SEND ONLY THE BOOK PRICE BY M.O. OR DDIN FAVOUR OF ‘SWAMY LAW HOUSE, ERNAKULAM.’ BOOK WILL BE DESPATCHED BY COURIER.
Please mention your address with Tele. No. for courier purposeAlso we will send the books by VPP. (Postage Charge Extra)
SWAMY LAW HOUSELAW BOOKS SELLERS & PUBLISHERS
AGENTS :CENTRAL GOVT. & STATE GOVT. PUBLICATIONS Etc.Doraiswamy Iyer Road, (Opp. Raymonds, M.G. Road) Ernakulam - 682 035
E.mail: [email protected] Ph: 0484 -2361341,2366285, Fax: 0484 -2366285
29]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
_lp-am-\-s∏´ {io C.Fw.F v. \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn\v,
Aßv kkvt\lw 5 -̨8 -̨96-¬ Ab® IØpw Xt±-i-kzbw ̀ c-W-h-Ip-∏p-a{¥n {io. ]msemfn
apl-Ω-ZvIp-́ n-bpsS IØpw {io.sF.F v. Kpem-Øn-bpsS Adn-bn∏pw In´n. kwÿm\ Bkq-{XW t_m¿Uv Xøm-dm°n Ab® HºXmw ]≤Xn˛P\-Iob ]≤-Xnbpw bYm-k-abw In´n.
hf-sc-°m-e-ambn ImØn-cp∂ Hcp ]cn-h¿Ø-\-amWv P\-߃ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-tØmsS A[n-Imcw Gs‰-Sp-°-W-sa-∂p-≈Xv. AXn-t∏mƒ kw -̀hn-t®-°p-sa-∂-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ hfsc BÀmZw
tXm∂p∂p. Un∏m¿ v́sa‚-enkw Xoc-W-sa-¶n¬ cmPy-hm-kn-I-fp-tSbpw hIp-∏p-I-fp-tSbpw CS-
bn¬ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øn-bn-´p≈ _yqtdm-{I-kn-bpsS Po¿Æn® tIm´-Iƒ XI-cWw. Ct∏mgpwP\ \∑-bv°mbn k¿°m¿ Hm^o-kp-I-fn¬ sN√p-∂-h¿, HmOm-\n®p \n∂p A[n-Im-cn-I-
tfmSp bmN\ sNøp∂ coXn Xosc amdWw. Xm≥ IqSn-bmWv "k¿°m¿' F∂v Hmtcm
]uc\pw hnizmkw hcWw. hcWw F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw hcn-I-bn√. P\-Io-b-X-bpsS amXrI F√m k¿°m¿ cwKØpw D≠m-°n-°m-Wn-°Ww. "P\-]-¶m-fnØw' tNmZn®p
hm߬ am{Xw BI-cpXv. Fs‚ cmPyw, Rm\pw IqSn-bmb P\-Io-bX F∂ t_m[-tØmsS
ap°m¬ ]¶p tPmenbpw P\-߃ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°m≥ amXr-I-bp-≠m-°Ww. AXp `c-W-I£n Xs∂ ap≥ssI FSpØp Im´Ww.
hyh-km-b-ta-Je apc-Sn-°p-∂Xp _yqtdm-{Ikn sIm≠mWv. hyh-km-b-Øns‚ Btbm-
P\w D]-t`m-‡m-°-fp-tSbpw D¬]m-Z-I-cp-tSbpw kl-I-c-W-tØmsS Bhn-jv°-cn-°Ww. em -̀
\-jvS-am-bn-cn-°-cpXv, hyh-km-b-Øns‚ e£yw. BsI P\-ß-fpsS Bhiyw \nd-th-‰m≥
D¬]m-Z-\-tØbpw D]-t`m-K-tØbpw 4:3 F∂ IW-°n\v F√m D¬]m-Z-\-cw-KØpw {Iao-I-cn-
°Ww. D¬]m-Z-I-cp-tSbpw D]-t`m-‡m-°-fp-tSbpw CS-bn¬ ]c-kv]-c-[m-cW hf¿ØWw.
th≠-Xn-e-[nIw D¬∏m-Zn-∏n-°p-∂Xp Aan-X-hy-b-Øn\p Imc-W-ambn ̀ hn-°p∂p. D]-t`m-‡m-
°-fn¬ \√ A`n-cpNn hf¿Øm\pw A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb {`aw hf¿Øm-Xn-cn-°m\pw D¬]m-Z-
I¿ Icp-X¬ ImWn-°Ww.
sshZyp-Xn-£maw tIc-f-Øn¬ D≠m-th≠ Imcy-an√. [mcmfw shbn¬ shdpsX s]bvXp-
t]m-Ip∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ Hmtcm ho´nepw kutcm¿÷sØ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ amXr-Isb hoSns‚
`mK-am-°n-bm¬ shfn®w, NqSp-sh≈w, tdUntbm, sSen-hn-j≥ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ CXn-s\√mw
tkmfm¿ F\¿Pn D]-tbm-Kn°mw. CXp {]N-cn-∏n-°m≥ F©n-\o-b-dnßv tImtf-Pnse A[ym-
]-Icpw hnZym¿∞n-Ifpw {ian-®m¬ aXn.
tIc-f-Ønse Im¿jnI {]iv\-Øn\v ̀ qan-bpsS ssiYneyw Imc-W-am-Ip∂p. Iq´p-Ir-jn°v
hkvXp-hns‚ DS-a-ÿX XS- -am-I-cpXv. Irjn-°m-cpsS Xp≠p-`q-an-Isf Iq´p-Ir-jn-bv°mbnH∂n-s®-SpØv Irjn-bnepw D¬]-∂-ß-fpsS hnX-c-W-Ønepw kl-I-cWw hf¿Øm≥ ]m¿´n-
{]-h¿Ø-I¿ Xs∂ BZyw Ipsd amXr-I-Iƒ \m´p-Im¿°p ImWn-®p-sIm-SpØv ]c-kv]-c-hn-
izmkw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-XmWv.
D¬]m-Z-\-tI-{μ-ß-fpsS hntI-{μo-I-cWw sIm≠v sNdnb bqWn-‰p-Iƒ Bbn-c-߃ sIm≠p
\n¿h-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xns\, tI{μo-IrX Btbm-P-\-Øn¬ IqSn e£-ßfpw tImSn-I-fp-ambn
s]cp-∏n®p ImWp∂ coXn Dt]-£n-°Ww. C\nbpw Cu hnj-b-Øn-se-\n°v Gsd ]d-bm-
\p≠v:
H‰-Zn\ skan-\m-dp-Iƒ sIm≠v Hcp {]tbm-P-\hpw D≠m-hn√. At\I ÿe-ß-fn¬ Hcm-
gvN-sb-¶nepw N¿® sNbvXv Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-hm≥ \m´p-Im¿°v Ah-kcw sImSp-°Ww.
Ct∏mƒ bm{X sNøp-hm-\p≈ Btcm-Ky-an√. Bhp-∂{X kl-I-cn°mw.
kvt\l-]q¿Δw
(1996¬ P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW {]ÿm\w Bcw-`n-°p∂ thf-bn¬
Kpcp \nXy-ssN-\-X\ybXn P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW {]ÿm-\-Øns‚
D∂-X-Xe am¿§-\n¿t±-iI kanXn A≤y-£-\m-bn-cp∂
C.-Fw.-F-kv. \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sn\v Fgp-Xnb IØv.)
kvt\l-]q¿Δw C.-Fw.-F- n\v
30 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
{]IrXnbpw a\pjy\pwkwÿm\ t^mt´m{Km^n a’cØn¬ kΩm\m¿lamb Nn{X߃
{]IrXnbpw a\pjy\pw F∂Xmbncp∂p hnjbw
H∂
mw k
Ωm\
wk
pPn B
Xnc
aq∂mw kΩm\wsI.B¿. kXoi≥
c≠mw kΩm\whn¬Ã¨ Nmƒkv.‰n
31]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
P\Iobmkq{XWØns‚ c≠mwL´w \S∏m°p∂Xn\v Xncph\¥]pcw \Kck`m lmfn¬ \S∂ kzmKXkwL cq]oIcW tbmKØn¬ Xt±ikzbw`cWa{¥n ]mtemfn aplΩZv Ip´n kwkmcn°p∂p. \nba kvt]m¿Svkv a{¥n Fw.hnPbIpam¿, tab¿ kn. Pb≥_m_p, h¿°e cm[mIrjvW≥ Fw.]n,
Fw.F¬.Famcmb hn.sP.X¶∏≥, hn.inh≥Ip´n F∂nh¿ kao]w.
]©mbØvcmPvamknIbpsS
kºq¿ÆDu¿÷kpc£manj≥]Xn∏ns‚ {]Imi\w,
Xt±i`cW hIp∏p a{¥n]mtemfn aplΩZvIp´n
sshZypXn hIp∏v a{¥nF.sI._me\v\¬Ins°m≠v
\n¿Δln°p∂p.P\\acW
U]yq´n Nn^v cPnkv{Sm¿kn. cm[mIrjvW≥ kao]w.
32 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
`cWLS\bpsS 73,74 t`ZKXn
Iƒ A\pimkn® {]Imcw Hcp h¿j
Øn\Iw Xs∂ C¥ybnse an° kw
ÿm\ßfpw kwÿm\ ]©mbØv
ap\nkn∏¬ \nba߃ ]m m°n
bncp∂p. C¥ybnse a‰v kwÿm\
ßfn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvXambn hy‡
amb {]h¿Ø\ cq]tcJtbmsSbpw
hn`htØmsSbpamWv tIcfw `cW
LS\bnse 11˛mw sjUyqfnse
hnjb߃ Xt±i`cWÿm]\
߃°v ssIamdnbXv. tIcf ]©m
bØvcmPv \nbaØnse H∂v, c≠v,
aq∂v ]´nIIfntebpw, tIcf ap\n
kn∏men‰n BIvSnse H∂mw ]´nI
bnsebpw NpaXeIfpw, ÿm]\ßfpw ]≤XnIfpamWv bYm{Iaw
{Kma, tªm°v, Pn√m ]©mbØpIƒ
°pw ap\nkn∏¬ Iu¨knepIƒ°pw tIm¿∏tdj\pIƒ°pw 1995˛¬
ssIam‰w sNbvXXv. AtXmSpIqSn
P\XbpsS kmaqly kmºØnIhnIk\ taJeIfpambn _‘s∏´v
\nev°p∂ sshhn≤yam¿∂ NpaXeI
fpw DØchmZnXzßfpw Ah \n¿Δ
ln°p∂Xn\v Bhiyamb ÿm]\
ßfpw DtZymKÿ≥amcpw Hmtcm
XeØnsebpw Xt±i`cW ÿm]\
߃°v e`n®p. IqSmsX ssIamdnb
A[nImcßfpw NpaXeIfpw \n¿Δ
ln°p∂Xn\v Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]\ßsf i‡ns∏SpØp∂
Xns‚ `mKambn 1999˛¬ A[nImc
hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWhpwssIam‰w sNbvX ÿm]\ßfpw
hntI{μoIcW IΩn‰n (sk≥ IΩn‰n)
bpsS ip]m¿i {]Imcw IqSpX¬
DtZymKÿ≥amsc (kmt¶XnIhpw,
an\nÃocnbepw) hnhn[ hIp∏pIfn¬
\n∂pw Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ß
fntebv°v ]p\¿hn\ykn®ncp∂p.
1996˛¬ tUm. kXy{_tXm sk∂ns‚
t\XrXzØnepff A[nImc hntI{μo
IcW IΩn‰n ‘{]n≥kn∏¬ Hm^v
k_vknUnbmcn‰n’bn¬ A[njvTnX
amb ip]m¿iIfmbncp∂p Xt±i
`cWcwKsØ i‡ns∏SpØp∂Xn\v
ka¿∏n®ncp∂Xv. F∂m¬ hotI{μoIrXmkq{XWw Hcp Zim_vZw ]n∂n´p
Ign™n´pw A[nImchntI{μoIcW
Øns‚ A¥:kØbv°\pkrXambn,ssIamdn \¬Inb ÿm]\ßfpw
DtZymKÿcpw {]tbmKnIXeØn¬
Xt±ikzbw`cWÿm]\ßfpambn
th≠{X GtIm]\w D≠mbn´pt≠m
F∂v ]cntim[nt°≠nbncn°p∂p.
ÿm]\߃ ssIamdnbt∏mƒ
Xs∂ hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWhpambn
_‘s∏´ {]h¿Ø\ßfn¬ ]q¿ÆklIcWw \¬ImØ kao]\w
Nne hIp∏pIfn¬ \n∂p≠mbXv ssI
amdnb ÿm]\ßfpw Xt±iÿm]\hpw XΩnep≈ CgpInt®cen\v
XpS°Ønse aßte¬∏n®ncp∂p.
ssIamdnb ÿm]\ßfnse ta[mhnFIvkv H^otjym sk{I´dn IqSn
bmWv. kz¥w taJebn¬ ]©m
bØp sk{I´dnbptSXn\p kam\
F. APnXvIpam¿ sF F F v
33]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
amb A[nImc߃ {]tbmKn°p
Ibpw DØchmZnXz߃ \n¿Δln°p
Ibpw sNtø≠Xv FIvkv H^otjym
sk{I´dnbpsS NpaXebmWv. ]©m
bØntebv°v \ntbmKn°s∏´ ssI
amdnbXpƒs∏sSbp≈ DtZymKÿ
cpsS ̀ cW]camb \nb{¥Ww AXXv
Xt±i`cWÿm]\߃°msW
¶nepw kmt¶XnIamb ta¬t\m´w
_‘s∏´ amXrhIp∏pIƒ°mWv.
am{Xa√, Xt±i`cW ÿm]\Øn
t‚bpw amXrhIp∏nt‚bpw DØchm
ZnXz߃ ]ckv]c]qcIambn \n¿Δ
ln°phm≥ DtZymKÿ¿°v _m≤y
Xbpap≠v. amXrhIp∏nse D∂X
DtZymKÿ¿ AhcpsS kmt¶XnI
D]tZihpw s{]m^jW¬ tkh
\hpw Pn√bnse F√m Xt±i`cW
ÿm]\ßfnepw B hIp∏nse
a‰ptZymKÿ¿°pw e`yam°p∂Xn\v
_m≤yÿcpamWv. F∂m¬ hnjb
ßfpw IogvØ´v ÿm]\ßfpw {]mtZ
inI ÿm]\߃°v ssIamdnb
t∏mƒ AØcw hnjb߃ Xt±i
kzbw`cW hIp∏n\v ssIamdn F∂
ImcWw ]d™v _‘s∏´ ISemkp
Iƒ t]mepw ssI∏‰m≥ ]e hIp∏p
Ifpw hnkΩXn®ncp∂p F∂dnbp
tºmƒ ImcyßfpsS Kuchw Duln
°phm≥ Ignbpw.
]≤Xn hnlnXØns‚ 30˛40% XpI
Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃°v A\ph
Zn®XneqsS kwÿm\Øns‚ hnI
k\ \n¿ΔlWØns‚ \s√mcp
]¶pw Xt±i`cW ÿm]\Øns‚
DØchmZnXzambn. {]mtZinI Xe
Øn¬ hnIk\ t£a {]h¿Ø\ß
fpsS \SØn∏n¬ sshjay߃ D≠m
Ip∂Xv kwÿm\Øns‚ samØØn
ep≈ hnIk\ {]{Inbsb Xs∂
{]XnIqeambn _m[n°psa∂Xn\m¬
ssIamdn \¬Inb ÿm]\ßfp
tSbpw k¿°m¿ DtZymKÿcptSbpw,
Poh\°mcptSbpw ta¬ Xt±i
ÿm]\߃°v ]q¿Æamb \nb{¥
Whpw, ta¬t\m´hpw \nba]cambn
Xs∂ Dd∏m°nbncp∂p. ]©mb
Øns‚ FsX¶nepw Hm^okntemÿm]\Øntem \n∂v ]©mbØn
s‚ Iognep≈ at‰sX¶nepw Hm^o
kntem ÿm]\Øntem ÿewam‰n\nban°p∂Xn\p t]mepw ]©mb
ØpIƒ°v A[nImcw \¬Inbn´p≠v.
AXpt]mse Hcp ]©mbØv {]tZisØ DtZymKÿ≥ B {]tZiØp
\SØp∂ a‰pXeØnse ]©mb
Øns‚ GXp {]h¿Ø\hpw G¬∏n°s∏Sptºmƒ sNøm≥ _m≤yÿ\p
amWv. Kk‰Uv DtZymKÿcpw ]©m
bØv sk{I´dnbpw HgnsIbp≈DtZymKÿsc kkvs]‚ v sNøp∂
Xn\pw A®S° \S]SnbpsS ̀ mKambn
eLp in£ NpaØp∂Xn\pw A[nImcap≠v. hn´psImSpØ B^okv
ta[mhnIƒ°v Iymjz¬ eohv A\p
hZnt°≠Xpw {]knU‚mWv. ssI
amdnb k¿°m¿ DtZymKÿcpsS
{]h¿Ø\w kw_‘n®v _‘s∏´
\nba\m[nImcnbv°v {]knU‚n\v/
sNb¿t]gvkWv dnt∏m¿´pIƒ Ab®p
sImSp°mhp∂Xpw DtZymK
°b‰Øn\v \nba\m[nImcn AXv
]cnKWnt°≠XpamWv. F∂m¬
th≠pthmfw \nba ]cnc£ D≠m
bn´pw ÿm]\ßfpambn kpZyVamb
_‘w ÿm]n®v Ahsb ]ckv]c
_‘nXambn Iq´nbnW°phm≥
`cWkanXnIƒ°pw Ign™ncp∂n√.
NnebnSßfn¬ ssIamdnb ÿm]\
ßsf \nb{¥WØn\v hnt[bam°p
hm≥ {ian®t∏mƒ \S]SnIƒ AXn¿
hcºpIƒ ewLn®Xmbn dnt∏m¿´v
I≠p. I°qkv \n¿ΩmWw, sXcphv
\mbv°sf \in∏n°¬ F∂nh
t]mse BXpc ip{iqjbpambn Hcp
_‘hpan√mØ tPmenIƒ°v \n¿Δ
lW DtZymKÿ\mbn saUn°¬
Hm^oksd NpaXes∏SpØnb A\p`
hhpw D≠mbn.
hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWw i‡n
s∏SpØp∂Xns‚ ̀ mKambn ssIam‰w
sNbvX Hmtcm hIp∏pw \S∏nem
°p∂ ]≤XnIfpsS \SØn∏pw
]ptcmKXnbpw AhtemI\w sNøm≥
XrWaqeXew apX¬ kwÿm\
Xewhsc kwhn[m\߃ cq]s∏Sp
Ønbn´ps≠¶nepw AhbpsS {]h¿
hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWwi‡ns∏SpØp∂Xns‚ `mKambn ssIam‰w sNbvX Hmtcm hIp∏pw
\S∏nem°p∂ ]≤XnIfpsS \SØn∏pw ]ptcmKXnbpwAhtemI\w sNøm≥
XrWaqeXew apX¬ kwÿm\Xewhsckwhn[m\߃ cq]s∏SpØnbn´ps≠¶nepw
AhbpsS {]h¿Ø\wC\nbpw Imcy£aamt°≠Xp≠v.
34 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Ø\w C\nbpw Imcy£aamt°≠
Xp≠v. Hmtcm hIp∏ns‚bpw Iogn¬
Pn√m ASnÿm\Øn¬ Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]\ßfntebpw ssIam‰w
sNbvXn´p≈ tI{μmhnjvIrXhpw
kwÿm\mhnjvIrXhpamb hnhn[]≤XnIfpsSbpw [\hn\ntbmKw
tamWn‰¿ sNøp∂Xn\pw ]≤Xn \S
Øn∏v AhtemI\w sNøp∂Xn\pwHcp hntI{μoIrXsk¬ cq]oIcn
°Wsa∂ \n¿t±iw ]ebnSßfnepw
^e{]Zambn \S∏nembn´n√. Hmtcmamkhpw Hcp \n›nX XobXnbn¬
F√m Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfnepw
{]knU‚ns‚ A≤y£Xbn¬ F√m\n¿ΔlW DtZymKÿcpw Xt±i`
cWÿm]\Ønse _‘s∏´ DtZym
Kÿcpw ]s¶SpØpsIm≠p≈ HcptbmKw tN¿∂v ]≤Xn {]h¿Ø\
߃ hnebncpØWsa∂ \n¿t±
ihpw Bkq{XWØns‚ BZy\mfp
Ifnepw kmºØnI h¿jØns‚
Ahkm\ amkßfnepw am{Xambn
Npcpßp∂ ImgvNbpw ImWm\mbn.
]et∏mgpw ssIam‰w sNbvXp
\¬Inb taJeIfnse {]h¿Ø\w
A[nImc hntI{μoIcWØns‚
{]Xntema i‡nIƒ°v Bbp[amb
kμ¿`hpw kwPmXambn. ssIam‰w
sNbvX hnibßfn¬ G‰hpa[nIw
sh√phnfnIƒ t\cnSp∂Xv s]mXp
P\mtcmKy ipNoIcW taJeIfn
emWv. kmºØnI hnIk\Øn¬
]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ tIcfw
BtcmKytaJebn¬ ssIhcn®
hnkvabIcamb t\´w temI kmº
ØnI imkv{X⁄cpsS {i≤bmI¿
jn®ncp∂p. F∂m¬ \n¿Ωm¿÷\w
sNbvXpsh∂v AhImis∏´ncp∂
]e tcmKßfpw ho≠pw Xes]m°p
∂Xpw \mfnXphsc A]cnNnXambncp∂
]I¿®hym[nIƒ Bh¿Øn®v {]Xy
£s∏Sp∂Xpw, ]pXnb PohnXssien
tcmKßfpsS AXn{ZpX hym]\hpw
]pXnb tNmZy߃ Db¿Øp∂p. Cu
]›mØeØnemWv s]mXpP\m
tcmKy kwhn[m\ßfpsS ta¬t\m´
hpw \SØn∏pw ]cn]me\hpw {]mtZ
inI `cW\n¿ΔlW {]{Inbbn¬
{]k‡amIp∂Xv. amXr inipt£atI{μßfpw, {]mYanImtcmKy D]
tI{μ߃ apX¬ Pn√m Bip]{Xn
Iƒ hscbp≈ ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw\SØn∏v NpaXe C∂v Xt±ikzbw
`cW ÿm]\߃°mWp≈Xv.
am{Xa√, imkv{Xobambn amen\ysØ
ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xn\pw, kmw{IanI
tcmKhmlnIsf \nb{¥n°p∂
Xn\pw, `£WØn¬ ambw tN¿°p∂Xv XSbp∂Xn\pw, tcmK{]Xntcm[
\S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\pw,
]cnÿnXn BtcmKy c£Iam°n
kwc£n°p∂Xn\pw, IpSnsh≈
t{kmX pIfpw Pekw`cWnIfpw
kwc£n°p∂Xn\pw NpaXebp≈
Xt±i`cWÿm]\߃°v tIcf
Ønse BtcmKy cwKsØ anIhp‰Xm
°p∂Xn\p≈ ]¶v sNdpX√. s]mXp
P\mtcmKyhpambn _‘s∏´v Zo¿Lho£WtØmsS ]≤XnIƒ Bhnjv
°cn®v \S∏m°p∂Xn\v Xt±i`cW
ÿm]\߃°v hn]peamb km≤yXIƒ D≠mbncp∂n´pw ssIamdn In´nb
hn`hßsf D]tbmKs∏SpØn amXr
Im]camb {]h¿Ø\w ImgvNsh®ÿm]\߃ hncfamWv. sa®s∏´
ASnÿm\ kuIcy߃ D≠mbXv
ChnsS hnkvacn°p∂n√. F∂m¬KpW]camb am‰w {]ISambn√
F∂Xv hkvXpXbmWv.
hntI{μoIrXmkq{XW {]{Inb
bn¬ ]≤Xn Bkq{XWØnepw \n¿Δ
lWØnepw {][m\ ]¶p hln°p∂hnhn[ h¿°nwKv {Kq∏pIfnse I¨
ho\¿amcn¬ ̀ qcn]£hpw ssIamdnb
ÿm]\ta[mhnIfmWv. Du¿÷w,`cW \n¿ΔlWw, ]›mØe kuI
cyhpsamgnsI GXm≠v as‰√m taJe
IfpsSbpw h¿°nwKv {Kq∏v I¨ho\
¿am¿ hn´psImSpØ ÿm]\ta[m
hnIƒ Xs∂bmWv. AXmbXv hnI
k\ t£a{]h¿Ø\߃°mbn Xt±
i`cWÿm]\w aptJ\ sNehgn
°p∂ XpIbpsS hfsc hensbmcfhv
ssIamdn \¬Inb ÿm]\߃
aptJ\bmWv F∂¿∞w. ]Xns\m
∂mw ]©h’c ]≤Xnbn¬ Im¿
jnI taJebv°v IqSpX¬ Du∂¬
sImSp°p∂Xn\m¬ CØhW πm≥
tIm¿Unt\‰¿amcmbn {Kma]©m
bØpIfn¬ Irjn B^oksdbmWv
NpaXes∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv.
hn´psImSpØ ÿm]\߃°v
Xt±i`cWÿm]\ßfpambn ssPh
]camb _‘w hf¿ØnsbSp°p
hm≥ Ign™ 10 h¿jßfmbn \ap°v
]q¿Æambpw Ign™n´n√msb∂Xv
hkvXpXbmWv. 73,74 `cWLS\m
t`ZKXntbmsS tI{μhpw, kwÿm
\hpw F∂Xpt]mse ]©mbØp
Ifpw ap\nkn∏men‰nIfpw ]q¿Æam
bpw `cWLS\m ÿm]\ßfmbn
amdn. Cu bmYm¿∞yw F√mhcpw
AwKoIcn°Ww. h¿jßfmbn
tI{μoIrX `cWhyhÿ°\pIqe
ambn cq]s∏SpØnb _yqtdm{Im‰n°v
kwhn[m\w ImeL´Øns‚ am‰w
Dƒs°m≠v ASnapX¬ apSnhsc P\
Iob `cWhyhÿbv°\pkrXambn
Nen°p∂Xn\v C\nbpw sshIn°qS.
A[nImchntI{μoIcWØns‚
ISbv°¬ IØnhbv°emIpw AXv.
h¿jßfmbn
tI{μoIrX
`cW hyhÿ°\pIqeambn
cq]s∏SpØnb
_yqtdm{Im‰n°v kwhn[m\w
ImeL´Øns‚ am‰w
Dƒs°m≠v
ASnapX¬ apSnhsc
P\Iob `cW hyhÿbv°
\pkrXambn Nen°p∂Xn\v
C\nbpw sshIn°qS.
A[nImchntI{μoIcWØns‚
ISbv°¬
IØnhbv°emIpw AXv.
35]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
]Xns\m∂mw ]©h’c ]≤Xn
Xømdm°m\p≈ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS
Xnc°nemWv \Ωƒ. P\Iobmkq{X
Whpw IpSpw_{iobpw XΩn¬ henb
_‘ap-≠v. H≥]Xmw ]≤Xn Imebf
hn¬ P\Iobmkq{XW {]h¿Ø\
߃ G‰hpw anI® coXnbn¬ \S∂
262 ]©mbØpIfnemWv IpSpw_{io
bpsS H∂mwL´ {]h¿Ø\w Bcw`n
°p∂Xv. ]Ømw ]≤XntbmSpIqSn
apgph≥ ]©mbØpIfnepw \Kck`
Ifnepw IpSpw_{io kwhn[m\
Øns‚ irwJe cq]s∏´p Ign™p.
apgph≥ ]©mbØv/\Kck`Ifnepw
hm¿UpIfnepambn hym]n®p InS
°p∂ kv{XoIfpsS IcpØp‰ kwL
S\bmWv IpSpw_{io.
DXv]mZ\ h¿≤\hpw IqSpX¬
sXmgnehkc߃ krjvSn°epw hgn
hcpam\w Dd∏m°n Zmcn{Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\ {]h¿Ø\߃ IqSpX¬ i‡n
s∏SpØm\mWv ]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn
bn¬ e£yanSp∂Xv. CtXmsSm∏w
imcZm apcfo[c≥ sF F F v
IpSpw_{iobpwP\Iobmkq{XWhpw
tkh\ßfpsS KpW\nehmcw Db¿
Øp∂Xpw, Xt±i`cWÿm]\ß
fpsS `cWImcy£aXbpw kpXmcy
Xbpw sa®s∏SpØp∂Xpw apJy
e£yßfn¬s∏Sp∂p. Bkq{XW
Øn¬ kmt¶XnI hnZKv[cpsS ]¶m
fnØhpw _lpP\ ]¶mfnØhpw
apJyLSIßfmbn k¿°m¿ am¿§
tcJ hniZam°p∂p. Bkq{XW
Ønepw \n¿ΔlWØnepw kmaqly
tamWn‰dnwKn\pw kmaqly hnebncp
Øen\pw Db¿∂ {]m[m\yw \¬
Ip∂p. Cu ]›mØeØn¬ \n∂p
sIm-≠mWv IpSpw_{io kwLS\m
kwhn[m\sØ P\Iobm kq{XW
Øn¬ Fßs\ {]tbmP\s∏SpØ
Wsa∂v ]cntim[n°m≥ {ian°p
∂Xv.
{]mtZinI kmºØnI hnIk\w,
Zmcn{Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\ D]]≤Xn, B
{ib, h\nXm˛inip hnIk\ ]≤Xn,
`cW\n¿ΔlW ]≤Xn F∂o taJe
Ifn¬ IpSpw_{io kwhn[m\Øns‚
]Ømw ]≤XntbmSp
IqSn apgph≥ ]©mbØp
Ifnepw \Kck`Ifnepw
IpSpw_{io kwhn[m\
Øns‚ irwJe cq]s∏´p
Ign™p. apgph≥ ]©m
bØv/\Kck`Ifnepw
hm¿UpIfnepambn hym
]n®p InS°p∂ kv{XoI
fpsS IcpØp‰ kwLS
\bmWv IpSpw_{io.
36 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
kwLS\m i‡ntbbpw A\p`hkºØnt\bpw {]tbmP\s∏Sp
Øm≥ Ignbpw.
{]mtZinI kmºØnI hnIk
\hpambn _‘s∏´ ]≤XnIƒ
Bkq{XWw sNøptºmƒ kq£vasXmgn¬/DXv]mZ\ kwcw`߃°v
Gsd {]m[m\yap≠-v. Ign™ c≠-v
]≤Xn°meØv hnhn[ GP≥knIfpsS kmºØnI klmbtØmsS
Bcw`n® kwcw`ßsf°pdn®v 2006
HIvtSm_dn¬ IpSpw_{io Hcp ]T\w\SØn. Cu kwcw`ßfn¬ `qcn]£
Øn\pw Bhiyamb ]n¥pW e`n°m
ØXpsIm≠-v th≠{X hcpam\ h¿≤\hn\v klmbIcamb coXnbnte
bv°v hfcm≥ Ign™n´n√.
DXv∏∂ßfpsS KpW\nehmcan
√mbva, AkwkvIrX hkvXp°fpsS
Zu¿e`yw, hn]W\ kuIcyßfpsS
A`mhw, kmt¶XnI LSI߃°pw
\SØn∏n\pw Bhiyamb ]cnioe\
ßfpsS Ipdhv, ASnÿm\ kuIcy
ßfpsS A]cym]vXX XpSßn \nc
h[n {]iv\߃ Cu kwcw`߃
t\cnSp∂p. (]´nI1)
]´nI 1
sIm≈p∂p (]´nI˛2) sk‚dpIƒ XpSßnb ]n¥pWmkwhn[m\߃ ]≤Xnbn¬ ]cnKWn
°mhp∂XmWv. Hmtcm Xt±i`cW
ÿm]\ {]tZiØpw km[yambsXmgn¬/kwcw`ßfpsS hnhctiJ
cWw \SØpIbpw AXn¬ A\ptbm
Pyambh sXcs™SpØv kwcw`ßfmbn cq]s∏SpØm\pw km[n°Ww.
IpSpw_{io kwhn[m\ØneqsS
CØcsamcp kwcw`km[yXm cPnÿXømdm°m\p≈ {]h¿Ø\w \s√mcp
iXam\w ]©mbØpIfnepw ]q¿Øn
bmbn´p≠-v. ]≤Xn Bkq{XW thfbn¬ Cu sXmgn¬ kwcw`km[yXm
cPnÃdnt\bpw CXv Xømdm°p∂
{]h¿Ø\Øn¬ ]s¶SpØ htcbpw{]mtZinI kmºØnI hnIk\Øn
\p≈ h¿°nwKv {Kq∏ns‚ {]h¿Ø\
Øn\v {]tbmP\s∏SpØm≥ ]©mbØn\v IgnbWw. am{Xa√, \nehn
ep≈ kwcw`ßsf°pdn®v IpSpw_
{io kamlcn® ÿnXnhnhc°W
°pIfpsS klmbtØmsS ]©mb
Ønse kwcw`ßfpsS {]h¿Ø\
sØ°pdn®pw t\´tIm´ßsf°pdn
®pw AhtemI\ dnt∏m¿ v́ Xømdmt°
≠-XmWv. AXn\p th≠nbmWv IpSpw
_{io kamlcn® ÿnXn hnhc
IW°pIfpsS kn.Un {Kma]©mb
ØpIƒ°v \¬InbXv.
(Ahew_w˛IpSpw_{io ]T\w
2006)
ssat{Im kwcw`ßfn¬ 72 iX
am\w Dev]∂ßfpw apJyambn B{i
bn°p∂Xv {]mtZinI hn]Wnsb
BsW∂v ]´nI 2˛¬ \n∂p a\ n
em°mw. hn]WnbpsS a‰p km[yX
Isf B{ibn°m≥ km[n°mØXv
Hcp {][m\ {]iv\ambn \ne
]´nI 2(Ahew_w˛IpSpw_{io ]T\w 2006)
F∂m¬ kwcw`߃ XpSßp∂
Xn\v kmºØnI klmbw IqSpX¬\¬Ip∂Xv Xt±i`cWÿm]\ß
fmWv. IpSpw_{io ]T\w \¬Ip∂
as‰mcp {][m\ hnhcw, BsI kwcw
`ßfn¬ 33% kq£vaXe kwcw`߃
Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v kmºØnI
klmbw \¬Inbn´p≈Xv Xt±i
`cWÿm]\ßfmWv F∂p≈
XmWv. kmºØnI klmbØn
t‚bpw Hmtcm hnIk\ taJebnte
bv°pw ]Ww \o°nh®Xnt‚bpw
IqSpX¬ hnhc߃ ]´nI 3˛¬
\n∂pw e`n°p∂XmWv.
]´nI 3
(Ahew_w˛ IpSpw_{io ]T\w 2006)
Cu kwcw`ßsf BZmbIcam°p∂Xn\pw IqSpX¬ ]pXnb kwcw`
߃ Bcw`n°p∂Xn\pw ]Xns\m
∂mw ]≤Xnbn¬ ]cnKW\ \¬tI≠-XmWv. ASnÿm\ kuIcy߃
e`yam°¬, AkwkvIrX hkvXp°
fpsS kw`cWØn\p≈ s]mXpkwhn[m\w, tIma¨ s^knen‰n
IpSpw_{iobpsS t\XrXzØn
ep≈ kwcw`ßfn¬ G‰hpw {][m\s∏´Xv ]m´Irjnbpw BSv apb¬
hf¿Øepw BWv. {]mtZinI kmº
ØnI hnIk\Øn¬ IpSpw_{iosbkw_‘n®nStØmfw Im¿jnI A\p
_‘ taJe Hcp {][m\s∏´ cwK
amWv. Hmtcm ]©mbØnepw ]m´Irjn \SØm≥ k∂≤Xbp≈ ]cam
h[n kwLßsf Is≠-Øphm\pw
{Ia. Dev]∂ßfpsS %\w t]mcmbvaIƒ
1 KpW\nehmcw C√mbva 7%
2 ]m°nwKv 3%
3 {_m≥UnwKv 1%
4 ]ckyØns‚ A`mhw 9%
5 Db¿∂hne 48%
6 a’cw 21%
7 Adnhn√mbva 3%
8 taev]d™hsb√mw 2%
9 a‰pffh 6%
BsI 100%
{Ia. hn]Wn %\w
1 Ab¬°q´ßƒ 20%
2 {]mtZinI hn]Wn 72%
3 Pn√mXew 5%
4 tZiobXew 1%
5 FIvkn_nj\pIƒ 1%
6 a‰pffh 1%
BsI 100%
{Ia. GP≥kn Im¿jnIw hymhkm tkh\w BsI
\w bnIw
1 {Kma]©mbØv 25% 19% 18% 23%
2 _vtfm°v ]©mbØv 9% 10% 9% 9%
3 Pn√m ]©mbØv 1% 1% 2% 1%
4 IpSpw_{io 23% 29% 35% 26%
5 {KmahnIk\ hIp∏v 25% 23% 21% 24%
6 a‰p k¿°m¿ hIp∏pIƒ 12% 13% 11% 12%
7 k∂≤kwLS\Iƒ 2% 2% 1% 2%
8 a‰pffh 4% 4% 3% 4%
BsI 100% 100% 100% 100%
37]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Ah¿°mhiyamb ]n¥pWm kwhn
[m\߃ ]≤XnbpsS `mKambn Dd
∏m°m\pw IgnbWw. amwkw, ]m¬,
ap´ DZv]mZ\ cwKØv hnPbw ssI
hcn®n´p≈ \nch[n sXmgn¬ kwcw`
߃ IpSpw_{iobpsS ]´nIbn¬
D≠-v. CXv IqSpX¬ ÿetØbv°v
hym]n∏n°phm≥ \ap°v IgnbWw.
{]mtZinI kmºØnI hnIk\
h¿°nwKv {Kq∏ns‚ t\XrXzØn¬kwcw` k∂≤Xbp≈hsc IpSpw_
{io kwhn[m\ØneqsSbpw Is≠
Øm≥ {iant°-≠XmWv. CtXmsSm∏w Ign™ ]Øph¿jsØ
kq£vasXmgn¬ kwcw` taJebn se
Pb˛]cmPb߃ AXnte¿s∏´ncp∂ IpSpw_{io {]h¿ØIcpsS
A\p`hØn¬ \n∂pw kamlcn°p
∂Xn\v {]tXyIw {i≤nt°≠-XpamWv. F∂pam{Xa√, ]©mbØnse
kq£vasXmgn¬ kwcw`taJebn¬
\n¬°p∂h¿ t\cnSp∂ {]iv\߃,AhcpsS am{Xw Hcp N¿®mtbmK
ØneqsS t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xv `mhn
Bkq{XWØn\v Gsd {]tbmP\wsNøpw. kq£va sXmgn¬ kwcw`߃
Bcw`n°p∂Xn\mhiyamb \nch[n
klmb߃ IpSpw_{io anj≥
e`yam°p∂p≠-v. k_vknUn, ]cn
ioe\߃, C∂thj≥ ^≠- v ,
sSIvt\mfPn ^≠-v F∂nh Hmtcm]©mbØn\pw Fßs\ {]tbmP\
s∏SpØm≥ km[n°psa∂v IpSpw_
{iobpsS Pn√m anj≥ tIm˛Hm¿Unt\‰dpambn N¿® sNbvXv [mcWbp≠m
°m≥ {iant°≠-XpamWv. CØc
Øn¬ kwcw`߃ Bcw`n°p∂Xn\vhnhn[ GP≥knIfpw hIp∏pIfpw
]e coXnbnep≈ ]n¥pWIƒ \¬Ip
∂p≠-v. Ch a\ nem°n ]camh[nkm[yXIƒ ]©mbØns‚ {]mtZ
inI kmºØnI hnIk\ ]≤Xnbn
tebv°v kwtbmPn∏n°phm≥ h¿°nwKv {Kq∏pIƒ°v IgnbWw. kwcw
`߃ Bcw`n°p∂Xn\p≈ kmº
ØnI klmbw \¬IpI F∂Xntebv°v am{Xw Xt±i`cWÿm]\ß
fpsS ]≤Xn Npcpßm≥ ]mSn√.
F∂m¬ Bcw`n°p∂ kwcw`ßfpsSHmtcm L´Ønepap-≠mtI≠- hf¿
®sb kw_‘n®pw _‘s∏SptØ
≠- hn]W\ irwJesb°pdn®pw Hcp
I¿Ω ]cn]mSnIqSn Xømdm°nbm¬
am{Xta kwcw`߃ {]mtZinI kmº
ØnI hnIk\ {]{Inbbnse IÆnI
fmbn XocpIbp≈q.
kmºØnI hnIk\w t\Sp∂
tXmsSm∏w kmaqly \oXn Dd∏p hcp
ØpI F∂Xv AXn{][m\ NpaXe
bmWv. kmaqlyambpw kmºØnI
ambpw ]m¿izhXv°cn°s∏SpIbpw
Hgnhm°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXn´p≈
hn`mKßfpsS Bhiyßsf Ah
cpsS AhImi߃ F∂ DØchm
ZnXztØmsS Gs‰SpØv \n¿Δlnt°
≠-Xv \ΩpsS NpaXebmWv. AXpsIm≠-v Hmtcm ]©mbØpw ]caZcn
{Zcmb P\hn`mKßsf ]q¿Æambpw
Dƒs°m≈p∂ XcØn¬ Zmcn{Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\ D]]≤Xn Xømdm°m≥
{i≤nt°-≠XmWv. Cu P\hn`mKß
fpsS Bhiy߃ a\ nem°p∂Xn
\pw Is≠Øp∂Xn\pw IpSpw_{io
kwLS\mkwhn[m\ØneqsS km[n
°pw. Zmcn{Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\ D]]≤Xn
bn¬ hoSv, IpSnsh≈w, I°qkv,
sshZypXn XpSßnb ASnÿm\
kuIcyßfpw, hcpam\ h¿≤\hpw
AXn{][m\amWv. AtXmsSm∏w
BtcmKyw, hnZym`ymkw, inip]cn
]me\w XpSßnbhbv°mbp≈
s]mXp kwhn[m\ßfpsS tkh\
KpW \nehmcw Db¿tØ≠-Xv A\n
hmcyamWv. {]kvXpX ÿm]\ßfn¬ \n∂pw e`n°p∂ F√m tkh\
ßfpw anI® KpW\nehmcØn¬
h¿°nwKv {Kq∏nse
IpSpw_{io {]h¿ØIcpsS
]¶mfnØw
{InbmflIam°p∂Xn\mbn
IpSpw_{io kwÿm\ anj≥
tIcfØnse
F√m {Kma ]©mbØnepw
25 IpSpw_{io
{]h¿ØI¿°v hoXw
{]tXyI ]cnioe\hpw
ssI]pkvXIhpw
\¬Inbn´p≠v.
38 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
\n¿±njvS kabßfn¬ e`yam°pI
F∂Xv kmºØnIambn ]nt∂m°w
\n¬°p∂ P\hn`mK߃°v henb
Hcp Bizmkambncn°pw.
Zmcn {Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\ {]h¿
Ø\Øns‚ ]›mØeØn¬ \n∂p
sIm≠-v `cW\n¿ΔlW ]≤Xnsb
kao]nt°≠-Xp≠- v . ]©mbØv
B^okv, ]©mbØns‚ LSI
ÿm]\߃ F∂nh ssZ\wZn\
PohnXØn¬ IqSpXembn B{ibn°p
∂Xv kmºØnIambn ]nt∂m°w
\n¬°p∂ P\hn`mKßfmWv. ]©m
bØns‚ Hcp ÿm]\Øn¬ \n∂pw
tkh\w t\Sm≥ th≠-n FØnt®
cp∂ Hcp km[mcW hy‡n AhnsS
A[nIambn sNehgn°p∂ Hmtcm\nanjhpw AbmfpsS hcpam\tØ
bmWv AXv {]XnIqeambn _m[n°p
∂Xv. CXv Dƒs°m-≠v, A\phZ\obamb kabØn\p≈n¬ AwKoImchpw
]cnKW\bpw e`yam°n anI® \ne
hmcØn¬ tkh\w \¬Ip∂Xn\p≈`uXnI kwhn[m\ßfpw A\ptbm
Pyamb tkh\{]Zm\ {]{Inbbpw
Dƒs∏SpØn `cW\n¿ΔlW ]≤XnXømdm°m≥ IgnbWw. ÿm]\ß
fpsS tkh\ {]Zm\\nehmcw hne
bncpØp∂Xn\v IpSpw_{iobpsSAb¬°q´ßtfbpw F.Un.Fkv.
kwLS\m kwhn[m\tØbpw Fß
s\ {]tbmP\s∏SpØmsa∂pw, ]≤Xn
cq]oIcW thfbn¬ Btem Nnt°≠-
Xp≠-v.
h\nXIfpsS kmaqlnIhpw kmº
ØnIhpamb im‡oIcWØn\p
th≠nbmWv h\nXm LSI]≤Xn
hn`mh\w sNbvXn´p≈Xv. Ign™ 10
h¿jsØ A\p`hØn¬ h\nXm
LSI]≤XnbpsS {]m[m\yhpw
]≤Xn cq]oIcWØns‚ coXn
imkv{Xhpw, tIcf kaqlw ]cnNb
s∏´p Ign™p. F∂m¬ kv{XoIƒ°v
t\cn´v KpWw In´p∂ t{]mPŒpIƒ
Bhnjv°cn°p∂Xnepw, Ah kab
_‘nXambn \S∏nem°p∂Xnepw
\Ωƒ C\nbpw apt∂td≠nbncn
°p∂p. kmºØnI im‡oIcWØn\v DXIp∂ t{]mPŒpIƒ Dev]m
Z\ taJebn¬ Bhnjv°cn°m\pw
kmaqlnI im‡oIcWØn\pw kpc£nXXzØn\pw A\ptbmPyamb
]≤XnIƒ Is≠Øm\pw Ignhp≈
AwKßsf Dƒs∏SpØn h\nXmLSI ]≤Xn cq]oIcn°p∂Xn\p≈
h¿°nwKv {Kq∏n\v cq]w \¬Im≥ Ign
bWw. F√m h¿°nwKv {Kq∏pIfnepw,h\nXm LSI ]≤XnbpsS h¿°nwKv
{Kq∏v AwKßsf Dƒs∏SpØphm\pw,
Ah¿ IqSn ]s¶Sp°p∂ XcØn¬h¿°nwKv {Kq∏pIfpsS {]h¿Ø\w
Dd∏m°p∂Xn\pw ]©mbØv kanXn
{]tXyI {i≤ \¬tI-≠Xp -≠v .Ign™ 10 h¿jw h\nXm LSI
]≤XnbneqsS \S∏nem°nb t{]mP
ŒpIfpsS t\´tIm´ßƒ Xn´s∏SpØphm\pw, ]pXnb {]iv\߃ Is-≠
Øp∂Xn\pw, IpSpw_{io kwLS\m
kwhn[m\Øns‚ km[yXIƒ{]tbmP\s∏SpØm≥ {iant°≠
XmWv. hnIk\ ]≤XnbpsS Bkq{X
WØnepw AhbpsS \n¿ΔlW L´Øn¬ kmaqlnI ta¬t\m´Øn\v
t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂Xn\pw kv{XoI
fpsS {InbmflIamb ]¶mfnØwDd∏m°p∂ coXnbn¬ Bbncn°Ww
CXn\p≈ kwLS\m kwhn[m\hpw
{]h¿Ø\ coXnbpw cq]s∏SptØ≠Xpw \n¿Δlnt°≠-Xpw. Cu {]h¿
Ø\Øn¬ t\XrXz]cambn CS
s]Sm≥ Ignhp≈ \qdpIW°n\vkv{XoIƒ C∂v \ΩpsS ]©mbØp
Ifn¬ IpSpw_{io kwhn[m\Øn
eqsS cwKØp h∂n´p≠-v. ap≥hn[n
Iƒ C√msX Chsc hnIk\ {]{In
bbn¬ Dƒt®¿°m≥ Xt±ikzbw
`cWÿm]\ßfpsS t\XrXzØn\v
Igntb≠-XmWv.
hnIk\Ønepw hnIk\ {]{Inb
bnepw XpeyX F∂Xv kv{Xoim‡o
IcWØns‚ A\nhmcy LSIamWv.
CXv Dƒs°m≈p∂XmWv Xt±i
`cWÿm]\߃°mbn k¿°m¿
]pdØnd°nb ]Xns\m∂mw ]©h
’c ]≤XnbpsS am¿§tcJ.
Bkq{XWØnse ]¶mfnØwIpSpw_{io kn.Un.F nse Hcp
AwKsØ hoXsa¶nepw F√m
h¿°nwKv {Kq∏pIfnepw Dƒs∏SpØ
Wsa∂v am¿§tcJ \njvI¿jn°p∂p.
Zmcn{Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\w, h\nXIfp
tSbpw inip°fpsSbpw hnIk\w,
]´nIPmXn hnIk\w F∂o h¿°nwKv
{Kq∏pIfn¬ kn.Un.F ns‚ c≠-v
AwKßsfsb¶nepw Dƒs∏SpØ
Wsa∂mWv k¿°m¿ \n¿t±iw. h¿
°nwKv {Kq∏nse IpSpw_{io {]h¿
ØIcpsS ]¶mfnØw {InbmflI
am°p∂Xn\mbn IpSpw_{io kw
ÿm\ anj≥ tIcfØnse F√m
{Kma]©mbØnepw 25 IpSpw_{io
{]h¿ØI¿°v hoXw {]tXyI ]cnio
e\hpw ssI]pkvXIhpw \¬Inbn´p≠v. hnIk\ {]iv\߃ Xn´s∏Sp
ØpI, ]pXnb t{]mPŒv Bib߃
Is≠-ØpI, kwtbmP\km[yXIƒ
Xncn®dnbpI, tamWn‰dnwKv kwhn[m
39]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
\Øns‚ {]m[m\yw Dƒs°m≈pIF∂nh kw_‘n®mWv IpSpw_{io
{]h¿ØI¿°v ]cnioe\w \¬Inbn
cn°p∂Xv. Chsc hnIk\mkq{XW
{]{Inbbn¬ ^e{]Zambn Dƒs∏Sp
Øm≥ {i≤nt°≠-Xp-≠v.
{Kmak`, hnIk\ skan\m¿,
tÃIvtlmƒtUgvkv I¨kƒt´j≥
F∂nhbn¬ IpSpw_{io {]h¿ØI¿
°p≈ Ahkcw Dd∏mt°-≠XmWv.
{Kmak`m ]¶mfnØØn¬ IqSpXepw
IqSpw_{io AwKßfmWv. F∂m¬
{Kmak`bn¬ \St°-≠ \S]Sn{Iaß
fn¬ ChcpsS Bibßfpw A`n{]mb
ßfpw ]¶nSm≥ ]mIØn\v Ahkc
hpw kabhpw, e`yamsW∂v Dd∏m
°m≥ Xt±i`cW t\XrXzØns‚
{i≤ BhiyamWv. hnIk\ skan\m
dnepw tÃIvtlmƒtUgvkv I¨kƒ
t´j\nepw IpSpw_{io AwKßfp
tSbpw a‰p kv{XoIfptSbpw ]¶m
fnØw Dd∏m°m≥ IgnbWw. am{X
a√, ChcpsS A\p`hkºØv ]¶nSm
\p≈ Ahkchpw Dd∏mt°≠-XmWv.
P\Iob tamWn‰dnwKvhnIk\ ]≤XnbpsS \n¿ΔlW
Øn¬ G‰hpw A\nhmcy LSIamWv
tamWn‰dnwKv AYhm ZnimKXn \nb
{¥Ww. an°t∏mgpw \ΩpsS ]≤Xn
\n¿ΔlWØnse Zp¿∫e LSIhpw
CXmWv. F∂m¬ hnIk\ {]h¿Ø
\ßfpsS KpW\nehmchpw kmaq
lnI \oXnbpw Dd∏m°p∂Xn¬
]≤Xn\n¿ΔlWtØmsSm∏ap≈
tamWn‰dnwKv {][m\ ]¶v hln°p∂p.
F√m {Kma]©mbØpIfntebpw
BsI IpSpw_ßfpsS ]IpXnbn
tesd IpSpw_{io kwLS\m kwhn
[m\Øneq≠-v. AXpsIm≠p-Xs∂
]©mbØns‚ Htcm ap°nepw aqe
bnepw \S°p∂ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS
P\Iob tamWn‰dnwKv \SØp∂Xn
\p≈ kwLS\m kwhn[m\ambn
IpSpw_{io Ab¬°q´ßƒ°pw
F.Un.F pIƒ°pw amdm≥ Ignbpw.
ta¬kqNn∏n® {]h¿Ø\ ßfn¬
G¿s∏Sp∂XneqsS kzbw ]T\w,
{]iv\ßfpsS hniIe\w, ]cnlmcw
Is≠-ج F∂o {]h¿Ø\ßfn
eqsS IS∂pt]mIm≥ kv{XoIƒ°v
Ahkcw e`n°pIbmWv. hnIk\
{]{InbbpsS AIhpw ]pdhpw Xncn
®dnbm≥ In´p∂ Cu Ahkcw
im‡oIcWØn\p≈ Hcp ]T\
{]{Inb IqSnbmWv. AXpsIm≠-v
Xs∂bmbncn°mw Bkq{XW am¿§
tcJbn¬ kmaqlnI tamWn‰dnwKn
\p≈ kwhn[m\ambn IpSpw_{io
Ab¬°q´ßsf hn`mh\w sNøp
∂Xv.
IpSpw-_{io anjs‚ ]¶v{]mtZ-inI kmºØnI hnI-k-\-
Øn¬ ssat{Im kwcw-`-߃°v \n¿
Æm-bI ]¶v D≠-v. Xt±-i-`-cWÿm]
-\߃°v ssat{Im kwcw-`-߃ hf¿
Øn-s°m≠-p hcp--∂Xn\v Bh-iy-amb
]n¥pWm kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw e`y-am -°pI F∂-XmWv
IpSpw-_{io anj≥ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂
kao-]-\w. t\cn-́ p≈ \n¿Δ-l-W-Øn¬
\n∂v IpSpw-_{io anj≥ ]n≥hm-ßp
Ibpw Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]-\ßsf Cu
{]h-¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬
Im≥ {]m]vX-am-°p∂--Xn-\pap≈ {]h¿
Ø\-߃°mWv cq]w \¬In-bn-cn-°p-
-∂Xv. Dev]∂--ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw
Dd-∏m-°¬, hn]-W\ irwJe cq]-s∏-
Sp-ج, kq£va kwcw -̀߃°v Bh
iyamb amt\-Pvsa‚ v tijn-Iƒ h¿≤n-
∏n-°p--∂Xn-\p≈ ]cn-ioe\ kwhn-[m-
\-߃ F∂nh CXn¬ {][m\s∏´-h-
bm-Wv.
]©m-bØv / \K-c-k`m {]tZiØv
e`y-amb AkwkvIrX hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw a\p-jy-hn-`-h-Øn-s‚bpw ASn
ÿm-\-Øn¬ km[y-amb ssat{Im
kwcw-`-߃ Bcw-`n-°m≥ Ign-bpI
Xt±-i-`-c-W- ÿm-]-\-߃°mWv.
F∂p -am - {X-a√ F√m-X-c -Ønepw
s]Sp∂ hn`-h-ßsf F‰hpw ^e-{]-Z-
amb coXn-bn¬ GtIm-]n-∏n-°m≥ Ign-
bpI Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm-]-\-Xe-Øn-em-
Wv. CXn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬
Xt±-i-`-c-W- ÿm-]-\- Ãm≥UnwKv
IΩn-‰n-Iƒ, kn.-Un.-Fkv kwhn-[m-\w,
{]mtZ-inI kmº-ØnI hnI-k-\-
Øns‚ h¿°nwKv {Kq∏p-Iƒ F∂n-h-
bpsS ^e-{]-Z-amb {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v
Bh-iy-amb ]cn-io-e-\w, kmt¶-XnI
ÿm]-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-ج,
kmt¶-XnI D]-tZiw, CXn\v A\p-
tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ Pn√m XeØn¬
kmt¶-XnI ÿm]-\ -ßtfbpw
sXmgn¬ sshZKv[y ÿm]-\-ßtf
bpw Is--≠Øp-Ibpw klI-cWw Dd-
∏n-°pIbpw sNøpI F∂o Imcy-ß
fn¬ Xt±i`-c-W- ÿm]\߃°v
]n¥pW A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. CXv e`y-am-
°p∂--Xn\v Bh-iy-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ
IpSpw-_{io anj≥ kzoI-cn-®n-´p≠v.
Htc hn`m-KØn¬s∏-Sp∂ Dev]∂--
ß-fpsS ¢Ã-dpIƒ cq]oI-cn-°pI,
Dev]∂--ß-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏m-
°p--∂Xn\v Bh-iy-amb t{]mt´m-
t°mƒ Xøm-dm-°p-I, Dev]m-Z-\-Øn\pw
KpW-\n-e-hmcw Dd-∏m-°p--∂ Xn\pw hn]-
40 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
W-\-Øn-\p-ambn tIma¨ s^kn-en‰n
sk‚-dp-Iƒ Bcw-`n°pI F∂nh
Dev]--∂߃°v hn]-Wn-bn¬ kzm[o\w
sNep-Øm\pw bqWn-‰p Iƒ°v Dev]m-
Z\ sNehv {Iao-I-cn-°p-hm\pw hcp-
am\w Db¿Øp--∂Xn\pw A\n-hm-cy-am-
Wv. CXv \n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-tbm-
Py-amb coXn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-{io-bpsS
ssat{Im kwcw -`I cwK sØ{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ am‰w hcp -Øn-
bn´p≠-.v
IpSpw_{io DXv∏∂߃ hn‰gn
°p∂Xn\v {]mtZinIXeØn¬
IpSpw_{io tjm∏pIƒ Bcw`n°p∂
Xn\pw Ahsb Iq´nbnW°n Hcphn]W\ irwJe hnIkn∏n®p
sIm-≠phcp∂Xn\pap≈ {]h¿Ø\
]cn]mSnIƒ CXn\Iw BhnjvIcn
®n´p-≠v. CtXmsSm∏w Xs∂ DXv∏∂
ßfpsS {_m‚nwKv, KpWta∑ ]cn
tim[n°p∂Xn\pw Dd∏m°p∂Xn\pap≈ kwhn[m\߃°pw cq]w
\¬Inhcp∂p.
ssat{Im kwcw`߃ A`napJo
Icn°p∂ as‰mcp {][m\ LSIamWv
hmbv]m e`yX. Xt±i`cWÿm]\
߃ IpSpw_{io kwhn[m\ØneqsS
Bcw`n°p∂ kwcw`߃°v hmbv]
bYmkabw e`yam°p∂Xn\pw
hmbv]bnt∑ep≈ a‰p XS ߃
Is-≠Øn CSs]Sp∂Xn\pw [\Imcy
ÿm]\ßfpambp≈ GtIm]\w
IpSpw_{io anjs‚ `mKØp \n∂pw
D-≠mIpw.
kwcw`߃ Is-≠ØpI, t{]mP
IvSpIƒ Xømdm°pI, kwcw`w Bcw
`n°p∂Xn\p≈ ap≥˛]n≥ _‘߃
Is≠-Øn Ahbv°v Bhiyamb
{]h¿Ø\߃ Bcw`n°pI, Ah
bpsS ]ptcmKXn bYmkabw hne
bncpØpI F∂nh kwcw`I¿°v
Bhiyamb tkh\ßfmWv. Ch
IpSpw_{io DXv∏∂߃hn‰gn°p∂Xn\v {]mtZinIXeØn¬ IpSpw_{io tjm∏pIƒ
Bcw`n°p∂Xn\pw Ahsb Iq´nbnW°nHcp hn]W\ irwJe hnIkn∏n®p sIm-≠phcp∂Xn\pap≈
{]h¿Ø\ ]cn]mSnIƒCXn\Iw BhnjvIcn®n´p-≠v.
Xt±i`cW ÿm]\XeØn¬ e`y
am°p∂Xn\v Bhiyamb ssat{Im
kwcw`I¨k¬´‚pamsc Hcp kzbw
sXmgn¬ kwcw`ambn cq]oIcn®v ]cn
ioen∏n®p hcp∂p. CØcØn¬
Hmtcm Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃°pw
{]mtZinI kmºØnI hnIk\Øn
s‚ `mKambn ssat{Im kwcw`hnI
k\Øn\v t\XrXzw \¬Im≥ klmbn°p∂ {]h¿Ø\ßfmWv IpSpw
_{io anj≥ sNbvXphcp∂Xv.
teJnI
IpSpw_{io
FIvknIyq´ohv UbIvSdmWv.
]©m-bØv cmPv (am-kn-I)
hm¿jnI hcn-kwJy ˛ 90 cq] Unam‚ v {Um^v‰mtbm, aWnHm¿U-dmtbm Ab-bv°pI
Ih¿ Ah-km-\-]pdw (If¿) ˛ 10,000 cq]Ih¿ t]Pv ̨ Dƒhiw (H-‰-°-f¿) ˛ 6,000 cq]a‰p t]Pp-Iƒ ̨ ̂ pƒ ˛ 4,000 cq]Ac t]Pv ˛ 2,000 cq]
]c-ky- \n-c°v
hnemkw
FUn-‰¿/]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS-¿,]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS-td‰v, ayqknbw ]n.-H., Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ̨ 33
41]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Rm≥ \S∂Iep∂tXm \ns‚ ZpxJw
Rm≥ Xf¿∂ngbp∂tXm \ns‚ kz]v\w
Btcm XI¿sØdn™mtcmIh¿s∂Sp˛
Ømtcm XncnsXfn®o hnÆn\p≈n¬
]I¬am™ k‘yIƒ s\bvX kz]v\߃°v
]pe¿Ime IncW߃ NqSp ]Icptºmgpw
hSnbq∂n shbn¬ tam¥n cm∏I¬ Xm≠n
PohcmKßfpsS t\¿°mgvN Im¨aq.
Fs∂ \o am¥n∏nf¿°p∂p \nXyw
Fs‚ ImenSdp∂ \mƒ hcpw kXyw
Ddh \ocmsI \obq‰n°pSn®p
\oehnÆmsI \o ]pÆm°n am‰n
Rm≥ `qan \o a\pjy≥
kn.F®v. Ckvabn¬
kzm¿∞tamlßfpsS Ima_oP߃
`utamXeØn¬ I\w h®p hoßn
Fs‚ taem∏n¬ ]pgp°pØp hoWp
`uaXm]w sas√bSnh®pb¿∂p
Fs‚ lnam\nIƒ sh¥pcpIp∂p
Fs‚ tNem©ew apßnadbp∂p
Fs‚ ihZmlw \SØphms\{Xtbm
]´S Iq´n \o ImØncn°p∂p
Fs‚ LSnImcØne©p \nanjw am{Xw
\n¿ØpI \o \ns‚ Zp¿tamltheIƒ
At√semcpßpI, H∂msbmSpßphm≥
Fs‚ iha©Øne¿∏n® ]q°fmbv
\obpw \ns‚ kwkv°mcsam∂msIbpw
sh¥pshÆodmbns´∂n¬ebn°phm≥
IhnX
42 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\Iobm
kq{XWØns‚ c≠mw L´ambn \S
∏nem°m\mWv tIcf k¿°m¿ Xocp
am\n®n´p≈Xv. CX\pkcn®p≈ {]h¿
Ø\߃ Bcw`n®p Ign™p.
HºXpw ]Øpw ]©h’c ]≤XnI
fneqsS A[nImc߃ hntI{μoIcn
°m\pw Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßsf
A[nImch¬°cn°m\pw Bkq
{XWw hntI{μoIcn°m\pw tIcf
Øn\p Ign™n´p≠v. temIØv as‰m
cnSØpw Zriyambn´n√mØ XcØn
ep≈ P\]¶mfnØtØmsS {]mtZ
inI Bkq{XW \n¿ΔlW {]h¿Ø
\߃ \SØm≥ Ign™p F∂XmWv
P\Iobmkq{XWsØ temI{i≤
bn¬ FØn®Xv. hnIk\mkq{XW
cwKßfnse ]finXcpw {]h¿Ø
Icpw Cu ]co£Ww ]T\ hnt[b
am°ns°m≠ncn°pIbmWv.
{]mtZinIambn e`yamb hn`hß
sfbpw {]mtZinI Bhiyßsfbpw
ASnÿm\am°n hnIk\ {]h¿Ø\߃ Bkq{XWw sNøm\pw Ah
\S∏nem°m\pw \S∏nem°nb {]h¿
Ø\ßsf hnebncpØm\pw {]mtZinI P\kaql߃°v Ahkcw e`n
°pIbmbncp∂p. hnIk\ {]h¿
Ø\w Bkq{XWw sNøm\pw \S∏nem°m\pap≈ NpaXeIfpw ^≠pw
DtZymKÿscbpw Xt±i`cW ÿm]
P\Iobmkq{XWw
s{]m^. ]n.sI. cho{μ≥
\߃°v ssIamdpIsb∂ {]{Inb
P\Iobmkq{XW L´Øn¬ \S∂p.
1. Dev]mZ\ taJebn¬ DW¿Δp≠m
°pIbpw Dev]mZ\£aXbpw
Dev]mZ\hpw h¿[n∏n°pIbpw
sNøpI.
2. k¿°m¿ kvIqfpIƒ, Bip]{Xn
Iƒ XpSßnb s]mXpÿm]\
߃°pw tdmUv, IpSnsh≈ hnX
cWw XpSßnbhbv°pw th≠n
ASnÿm\ kuIcy߃ sa®
s∏SpØpI.
3. P\߃°v \¬Ip∂ tkh\߃
kab\njvTambpw KpWta∑tbm
sSbpw e`yam°pI.
4. ]nt∂m°w \n¬°p∂ P\hn`mK
߃°v kmaqly\oXn Dd∏m°n
XpeyX e`yam°p∂Xn\mhiy
amb kmaqly kpc£m ]cn]mSn
Iƒ \S∏nem°pI.
5. {]mtZinI `cWkwhn[m\Øn¬
km[mcW P\ßfpsS ]¶mfnØw
Dd∏m°pI.
F∂nhbmWv {][m\ambpw
e£yan´Xv.
P\Iobmkq{XW{]ÿm\ L´
Øn¬ A`qX]q¿Δamb P\Iob ]¶m
fnØamWv ZriyambXv. ]m¿∏nSw,
IpSnsh≈w, tdmUv, F∂o taJeI
hntI{μoIcW hncp≤cmb F√mi‡nIsfbpw GtIm]n∏n®psIm≠vXt±i`cW ÿm]\ßsfbpwP\Iobmkq{XWØns\bpw AhaXn°m≥\SØp∂ {iaßsf tIcf kaqlwXncn®dntb≠Xp≠v.A[nImchntI{μoIcW ]co£Ww Hcp\n¿ÆmbIamb L´ØnseØn\n¬°p∂kmlNcyØnemWv ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤XnP\Iobmkq{XWw Bcw`n°p∂Xv.
43]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
fnepw kvIqƒ, Bip]{Xn, AwK≥
hmSn F∂o s]mXpÿm]\߃°pth≠n sI´nSßfpw a‰v ASnÿm\
kuIcyßfpw e`yam°p∂Xnepw
Cu h¿jßfn¬ D≠mb t\´w k¿hIme sdt°m¿UmWv. hm¿jnI ]≤
XnIƒ Xømdm°m\pw Ah kab
_‘nXambn \S∏m°m\pw ]≤XnIƒ hnebncpØm\pap≈ coXn
imkv{Xw kzmbØam°m≥ Xt±i
`cWÿm]\߃°v Ign™p.
]Ømw ]©h’c ]≤Xn°me
sØ {]XnIqe \S]SnIsf AXnPohn®psIm≠mWv {]mtZinI Bkq
{XWw apt∂m´p t]mbXv. hntI{μo
IrX `cWkwhn[m\w ChnsSkpÿm]nXambn°gn™ncp∂Xp
sIm≠mWv CXp km[yambXv. F√m
{]Xntema i‡nIƒ°v hntI{μoIrX `cWkwhn[m\sØ Zp¿_e
s∏SpØm≥ Ipsdsbms° Ign™p
F∂Xv {it≤bamWv. Ah C∂pw
kPohamWv. {Kma/Pn√m ]©mbØp
Ifpw \Kck`Ifpw c£Iÿm\w
Gs‰SpØXp sIm≠p am{XamWv
kºq¿Æ \miØnte°v s]mbvs°m
≠ncp∂ s]mXphnZym`ymk ÿm]\
ßsfbpw s]mXp BtcmKy kwhn[m
\sØbpw \ne\n¿Øm≥ Ign™Xv.
AXpsIm≠p Xs∂bmIWw hnZym
`ymk BtcmKy taJeIfnse I®hS
i‡nIƒ ]©mbØpIfpsS CSs]
S¬ A\phZn°n√ F∂o kacmlzm
\hpambn cwKsØØnbn´p≈Xv.
Xt±i`cWÿm]\ßfpsS "CSs]S
ens‚ KpWw A\p`hn® Nne hn`mK
ßfpw hkvXpXIƒ a\ nem °mØ
XpsIm≠v I®hS i‡nIƒ°\pIqe
ambn Xocmhp∂ \ne]msSSp°p
∂p≠v. C°q´¿.
1. Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfpsS
Imcy£aXm°pdhns\ Ipdn®p
]cmXns∏Sp∂p.
2. ]©mbØpIfnse sXcs™Sp
°s∏´ P\{]Xn\n[nIsfAhaXn°p∂p.
3. tIcfkaqlØns‚ kv{Xoim‡oIcWØns‚ `mKambn
`cWt\XrXzØnte°v hf¿∂p
hcp∂ kv{XoIsf Ahtlfn°p∂p.
4. Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßsf {]mtZ
inI `cWkwhn[m\ßfmbn
AwKoIcn°m\p≈ ssha\kyw,
k¿°mcnXc GP≥knIƒ°p
Xpeyamb ]Zhn am{XamWv
C°q´¿ ]©mbØpIƒ°v I¬∏n°p∂XmWv.
kPohhpw k{Inbhpw kpXmcy
hpamb {]mtZinI `cW kwhn[m\
߃ hn]Wn i‡nIfpsS A[n\n
thi {ia߃s°XncmsW∂nh¿
Xncn®dn™n´p≠v . hnZym`ymk
BtcmKy taJeIfpsS kºq¿Æ
kzImcyh¬°cWØn\v {]mtZinI
k¿°mcpIƒ XS amsW∂nh¿
Xncn®dn™n´p≠v. hntI{μoIcW
hncp≤cmb F√m i‡nIsfbpw
GtIm]n∏n®psIm≠v Xt±i`cW
ÿm]\ßsfbpw P\Iobmkq{XW
Øns\bpw AhaXn°m≥ \SØp∂
{iaßsf tIcf kaqlw Xncn®dntb
≠Xp≠v. A[nImchntI{μoIcW
]co£Ww Hcp \n¿ÆmbIamb L´
ØnseØn\n¬°p∂ kmlNcyØn
emWv ]Xn-s\m∂mw ]≤Xn P\Iobm
kq{XWw Bcw`n°p∂Xv.
1. hntI{μoIrX Bkq{XWØns‚
bpw hntI{μoIrX`cW kwhn[m\Øns‚bpw C∂phscbp≈
t\´ßƒ Dd∏n®p \n¿ØnsIm≠v
Bkq{XWØns‚bpw ]≤Xn \n¿ΔlWØns‚bpw coXn ]≤Xn
Iƒ ÿmboIcnt°≠Xp≠v.
2. {]mtZinI kºZv hyhÿsb
i‡ns∏SpØpI F∂ e£y
tØmsS D¬]mZ\ taJeIfn¬t_m[]q¿Δw CSs]tS≠Xp≠v.
3. tkh\{]Zm\ kwhn[m\߃
kPohamIWw. kab\njvTam
bpw KpWta∑tbmSpIqSnbpw km
am\y P\߃°mhiyamb tkh
\߃ e`yam°pw F∂v Dd∏p
hcptØ≠Xp≠v.
4. apJy[mcbn¬ \n∂v hn´p \n¬
°p∂hcpw Zp¿_ecpamb P\hn`mK߃°v kmaqly \oXn
Dd∏p\¬tI≠Xp≠v. F√mh¿
°pw hoSv \¬Ip∂ C.Fw.Fkv.
kºq¿Æ `h\ ]≤Xn Cu
e£yw h®p≈ Hcp kwcw`amWv.
CØcw ]≤XnIƒ hn`mh\w
sNøpIbpw kab_‘nXambn
]q¿ØoIcn°pIbpw sNtø≠
Xp≠v.
5. CXn\p]‰p∂ coXnbn¬ `cW
kwhn[m\sØ kPohamt°
≠Xp≠v. `cWkanXnbpw Poh\
°mcpw Db¿∂ DØchmZnXz
t_m[w {]ISamt°≠Xp≠v.
6. ]≤Xn cq]oIcWØnepw \SØn
∏nepw P\]¶mfnØw h¿≤n∏n
t°≠Xp≠v. e`yamb {]mtZinI
sshZKv[yw apgph≥ I¿ΩkanXn
Ifn¬ D]tbmKs∏SpØphm\pw
hnhn[ P\hn`mKßfpambn
Bibhn\nabw \SØm\pw {Kma
k`Ifn¬ kPoh ]¶mfnØw h¿
≤n∏n°m\pw IgnbWw.
Cu sh√phnfn t\cnSm≥ tIcfØnse Xt±i`cW t\XrXzhpw
Ahsc ̀ cWNpaXe G¬∏n® _lp
P\ßfpw XømdmIWw. amdn\n∂pIp‰w ]dbpIb√ ]s¶SpØv XncpØp
IbmWv th≠Xv F∂ Xncn®dnhpw
alm`qcn ]£Øn\v D≠m°nsbSp°pIbmWv CXn\mhiyw.
teJI≥
Xt±ikzbw`cW hIp∏v
a{¥nbpsS
ss{]h‰v sk{I´dnbmWv
44 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
C¥y≥ P\m-[n-]-Xy-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS
ASn-ÿm\ Xe-amWv {Kma-k`. {]Xy-
£-P-\m-[n-]Xyw, ]¶m-fnØ P\m-[n-
]Xyw F∂n-h-bpsS {]mtbm-KnI thZn-
Iq-Sn-bmWv {Kma-k`. kpXm-cyX, hntI-
{μo-IrX hnI-k-\m-kq-{XWw, X\-Xp-
hn-`h kam-l-cWw, kmaqly Ah-
tem-I\w tkh\ KpW-\n-e-hmc ]cn-
]m-e\w, F∂n-h-bvs°√mw DX-Ip∂
s]mXp CSw F∂ Xc-Øn-emWv {Kma-
k` hn`m-h\w sNø-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv.
P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw DtZym-K-ÿcpw
s]mXp-tk-h-Icpw Hcp t]mse DØ-c-
hm-Z-s∏-́ n-cn-°p∂ P\m-[n-Im-c-k` IqSn-
bmWv {Kma-k-`-Iƒ.
tIcf ]©m-bØv cmPv \nbaw
BIs´ {Kma-k-̀ -Isf A[n-Im-c-ßfpw
Ah-Im-i-ßfpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw
D≈ `c-W-L-S-I-am-bmWv hyhÿ
sNbvXn -´p -≈Xv. \S∏p Ime-L-´ -
Ønse hnI-k\˛t£a ˛`cW Imcy-
߃ Ah-tem-I\w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw ̀ c-
W-dn-t∏m¿´v N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\pw
P\Iobmkq{XWhpw{Kmak`bpw
sI. \mcm-b-W≥
hchv˛sNehv IW-°p-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-
°p-∂-Xn\pw tkh\ KpW-ta∑m Ah-
tem-I\w \S-Øp-∂-Xn\pw hn`-h-k-am-
l-c-W-Øn\pw KpW-t`m‡r sXc-
s™-Sp-∏n\pw ]cmXn ]cn-lm-c-Øn\pw
Dƒs∏sS km[y-am-Ip∂ s]mXp-P-\m-
[n-]-Xy-X-e-am-bn-´mWv \nbaw {Kma-k-
`sb hyhÿ sNøp-∂Xv.
\n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ {Kma-k-`-Isf
AXns‚ tIh-em-h-ÿ-bn¬ t]mepw
Dƒs°m-≈mt\m bmYm¿∞y-am -
°mt\m C∂pw \ap°v Ign-™n-´n√.
HuZm-cy-ßtfm B\p-Iq-ey-ßtfm
kuP-\y-ßtfm tXSp-∂-Xn-\p≈ thZn
Bbn-´mWv {Kma-k-`-Iƒ C∂pw hyh-
l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. Zcn-{Z¿, kv{XoIƒ,
Zp¿_-e-hn-`m-K-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS
km∂n≤yw am{Xta {Kma-k-`-I-fn¬
Zriy-am-Ip-∂p≈p. CØ-c-°m-cpsS
i_vZ-am-Is´ {Kma-k-`-I-fn¬ Db¿∂p-
tIƒ°p-∂p-an√. Hu]-Nm-cnI \S-]-Sn-
{I-a-Øns‚ ]me\w am{X-ambn {Kma-
k-`-Iƒ amdp∂p. Ah-bpsS \nK-a-\-
߃°pw \n¿tZ-i-߃°pw A¿l-
amb \nba ]cn-c-£tbm ]cn-K-W-
\tbm e`n-°p-∂n√. adn®v ]e-t∏mgpw
Ah A´n-a -dn -°-s∏-Sp -Itbm am‰n
adn°s∏SpItbm sNøp∂p. F∂n-ß
s\ H‰-s∏-´Xpw Iq´m-b-Xp-amb Ht´sd
hna¿i-\-߃ {Kma-k` kwLm-S\w
kw_-‘n®v Db¿∂p -h -∂-Xmbn
ImWmw. ap≥s]m-cn -°¬ kaq-l-
Ønse kº∂˛BVy hn`m-K-ß-fpsS
]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°m-\mbn {Kma-{io-
Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°pI F∂ \n¿t±iw
Bkq-{XW t_m¿Uv ]T-\-kwLw
Xs∂ D∂-bn-®Xpw \mw ad-°-cpXv.
am‰-Øns‚ Nmep-Iƒ
HºXmw ]≤Xn P\-Io-b-]-≤Xn
F∂ ap{Zm-hmIyw km¿∞-I-am-°m≥
kzoI-cn® Ht´sd \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ
ho≠pw kwK-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂p. Ah-bn-
eqsS H∂p Xncn-™p-t\m-°pI. ]©m-
bØv cmPv ˛ \K-c-]m-enIm t`Z-KXn
\nb-a-ß-fpsS A¥-xkØ {]m_-ey-
Øn¬ hcp-Øm≥ tIc-f-Øn\v Ign-
™Xv hntI- {μo -Ir -Xm -kq - {XW
{]{Inb bmYm¿∞y-am-°pI F∂-Xn-
eq-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p. hnI-k\˛t£a-]-≤-
Xn-Iƒ CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-
Ønepw t\Xr-Xz-Ønepw cq]o-I-cn-
°m\pw AXn-\m-h-iy-amb hn`h hI-
bn-cp-ج Dd-∏m-°m\pw \b-]-c-ambpw
\nba]c-ambpw km[n-®-XmWv Cu
apt∂-‰-Øn\v ]n∂nse IcpØv.
45]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
CXv km[y-am-b-Xm-Is´ {Kma-k-`-
Iƒ i‡-am-°n-s°m-≠mWv. I¿Ω-k-
anXn apX¬ hnI-k\ skan-\m¿h-
scbpw XpS¿∂v Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-
Xn-h-scbpw C{]-Imcw ]≤Xn \n¿t±-
i-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sm\pw GtIm-
]n-∏n-°m\pw \n¿h-ln-°m\pw km[n-
®Xv {Kma-k-`-I-fpsS h¿≤n® ]¶m-
fnØw hgnbv°pw AXnse kwhmZw
hgn-bv°p-am-bn-cp∂p. hnI-k\ ̨ t£a
Bkq-{XW ˛ \S-Øn-∏p-I-fnepw \nco-
£Ww, Xncp-ج F∂n-h-bnepw
\n¿Wm-b-I-amb ÿm\-amWv {Kma-k -̀
Iƒ°v \n_-‘\ sNø-s∏-́ Xv. ]≤Xn
Bkq-{X-W-Øn-\mbn {]tXyI {Kma-
k-`-Iƒ hnfn -®p-tN¿Øp-sIm≠pw
I¿Ωk-anXn Xøm-dm-°nb Ic-Sp-Iƒ
]cn-tim-[n®v ]q¿W-cq-]-Øn-se-Øn-°p-
∂-Xn\pw {Kma-k-`m- ]-cn-K-W-\-Iƒ
A¿ln-°p∂ Kuc-h-tØmsS {]mtZ-
inI hnI-k\ t{]mP-IvSp-I-fpsS ASn-
Ø-d-bm-°p-∂-Xn\pw P\-Io-bm-kq-
{XW {]h¿Ø\ L´-Øn¬ {i≤n®p.
hn`-h-ßfpw a\p-jym-[zm-\hpw [\-hn-
ln-Xhpw Dƒs∏sS KWy-amb kmº-
ØnI hn`h kam-l-c-W-Øn\pw {Kma-
k`m ap≥ssI CS-bm°n. ka-b-_-‘n-
X-ambn {]h¿Øn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-
°m\pw Ah-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n¬ Xt±i
tkh-\m-h-Imin kaq-l-Øn¬ ta¬
t\m´w D≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ
]mgvsN-e-hp-Ifpw Agn-a-Xnbpw KWy-
ambn Ipd-bv°m\pw t\m-́ -Øns‚ KpW-
^ew Db¿Øm\pw Ign™p. \jvtSm-
Ø-c-hm-ZnØ hyh-ÿ-IqSn {]m_-ey-
Øn-em-b-Xp-hgn {Kma-k-`-Iƒ Xt±-i-`-
cW {]{In-b-bnse \n¿Wm-bI LS-
I-ambn amdn. Cu Imcy-߃ bYm-hn[n
kmam\y P\-k-aq-lsØ t_m[y-s∏-
Sp-Øm\pw Xß-fpsS P\m-[n-]Xy Ah-
Im-i-sØ-∏-‰nbpw IS-a-sb-∏-‰nbpw
Ah-cn¬ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°p-
Ibpw sNøpI hgn am{Xta Cu kwhn-
[m\w C\nbpw Icp-Øp-≈-Xm-°m≥
Ignbq.
Ab¬°q-́ -߃, IpSpw-_{io LS-
I-߃, Ip´n-I-fpsS {Kma-k-̀ -Iƒ, bph-
P-\-tI-{μ-߃, h\nXm Pm{KXm kan-
Xn-Iƒ, kmaqly˛k∂≤ kwL-S-\-
Iƒ hnZymeb߃, s]mXp D]m[n
Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw D]-tbm-Kn-®p-
sIm≠v {Kma-k-`-Isf {]mtbm-KnI ˛
]¶m-fnØ P\m-[n-]Xy thZn-I-fm-°p-
∂-Xn\pw Ahsb hyh-ÿm-]n-X-am-°p-
∂-Xn-\pap≈ ]cn-{iaw XpS¿t∂ aXn-
bmIq. C°m-cy-Øn¬ 10˛mw ]≤-Xn-°m-
e-b-f-hn¬ kw`-hn® Aew-`mhw Hgn-
hm-°n-s°m≠v P\m-̀ n-emj ]q¿Øo-I-
c-W-Øn\pw {]mtZ-inI Dev]m-Z\ ˛
kmº-ØnI hnIm-k-Øn\pw sXmgn-ep-
d-∏n\pw {]mapJyw \¬Ip∂, kmaq-ly-
\oXn Dd-∏m-°p∂ hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-
bv°mbn 11˛mw ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn°v
cq]w \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v {Kma-k-`-Iƒ
Ct∏mƒØs∂ k÷-am-tI-≠-Xp≠v.
11˛mw ]≤-Xnbpw {Kma-k-`bpw
]©-h-’c ]≤-Xnbpw, hm¿jnI
]≤-Xnbpw kXzc \S-]-Sn-I-fn-eqsS
cq]w sIm≈p∂ L´-am-Wn-t∏mƒ. \S-
∏p-]-≤-Xn-bpsS ÿnXn hnhc hni-
Ie\w, t\´˛tIm´ hne-bn-cp-ج
F∂nh P\-]-¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS \S-t°-
≠-Xp≠v. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-°p≈ ASn-Ø-d-
bmbn Cs°m-√sØ hm¿jnI ]≤Xn
cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-SWw. CXn-\p-X-Ip∂
G‰hpw bp‡-amb thZn-bmWv {Kma-
k-`-Iƒ.
]≤Xn cq]o-I-cW {Kma-k-̀ -Iƒ°v
ap≥-D-]m-[n-bmbn tkh-\m-h-Im-in-Iƒ
Dƒs∏sS Xt±i X¬∏-c-I-£n-I-fp-am-
bp≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-abw km[y-am-bn-cn-
°Ww. \S∏p ]≤-Xn-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw
`mhn-hn-I-k-\-sØ-∏-‰nbpw Znim-t_m-
[-tØmsS A`n-{]mbw ]d-bm-\p≈
kμ¿`-ambpw Cu Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-
L´w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ØWw.
{Kma-k-`-Iƒ hnfn-®p-tN¿°p-∂-Xn-
\p≈ Adn-bn∏v AP≠ klnXw
{]kn-≤o-I-cn-°Ww. km[y-amb F√m
am¿K-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn®v BbXv {]N-
cn-∏n-°Ww. hnZym-e-b-ßfpw, ]Wn-
ime-Ifpw Dƒs∏sS Adn-bn-∏n-\p≈
kuI-cy-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ØWw.
{Kma-k`m N¿®-Isf klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-
te°v Xt±-i-`-c-W-ÿm-]\w \ma-\n¿
t±iw sNøp∂ c≠p-t]cpw, IpSpw-_
{io {]h¿Ø-I-cmb \mep-h-\n-X-Ifpw
Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ Soan\v ap≥Iq´n ]cn-
io-e\w \¬In D]tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ØWw.
N¿®-Ifpw A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw hkvXp-\n-
jvThpw A¿∞-]q¿Æhpw B°p-∂-
Xn\pw Ignbpw hn[w {Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw
tNmZym-h-en-Ifpw ap≥Iq´n Xøm-dm°n
Bbn-cn-°Ww {Kma-k-`m-\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ
\S-tØ-≠Xv. {]mtZ-inI P\-Iob
hnj-b-ßfpw hnI-k\ hnj-b-ßfpw
{]kvXpX AP-≠-bpsS `mK-ambn Dƒ
t®¿°-s∏-SWw. hni-Z-amb N¿®
bv°pw kwth-Z-\-Øn\pw sNdp-Iq-´m-bva -Isf D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp -Øp-hm≥
Ignbpw.
]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏n-\m-bp≈ ap≥K-W-
\m-{I-ahpw ]©m-b-Øp-X-e-Øn¬
s]mXp-ap≥K-W\m \n¿t±-ihpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw {Kma-k`m thZn-Isf
D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØmw, \o¿Ø-S-hn-I-
k\w, Im¿jnI˛Dev]m-Z\ hnI-k\w,Pe-tk-N\w, ]cn-ÿnXn ]cn-c£
F∂n-h-bv°p≈ \o¿Ø-Sm-[n-jvTnX
t{]mPIvSv \n¿t±-i-߃ {]tXy-I-ambn]´n-I-s∏-SpØn N¿®-sNbvXv A`n-
{]mb kam -l-cWw \S -ØWw.
BkvXn ]cn-]m-e\ ]≤-Xn-°m-h-iy-amb t{]mPIvSpw khn-ti-j-ambn cq]w-
sIm-Sp-°Ww.
{Kma-k-`-bpsS \mfn-Xp-h-sc-bp≈
{]h¿Ø-\sØ kw_-‘n® hna¿i-
\-߃ adn-I-S-°m-\p-XIpw hn[w N¿®-
Iƒ {Iao -Ir -Xhpw kºp-jvShpw
B°m\pw Xocp-am-\-߃ tcJo-Ir-X-
am-°m\pw lmP¿]p-kvXIw hyh-ÿm-
]n-X-am-°m\pw \S-]-Sn-{Iaw tcJ-s∏-Sp-
Øm\pw Zp¿_e˛ZfnXv h\n-Xm-hn-`m-K-
ß-fpsS ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°m\pw
Db¿∂ P\-hn-̀ m-K-ß-fpsS km∂n≤yw
Dd-∏m-°m\pw {Kma-k`m kwL-S-\m-X-
e-Øn¬ {i≤n-°Ww. {Kma-]-©m-bØv
Xe-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ {Kma-k-`-I-fn¬
Db¿∂ X´p-I-fnse P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ
\n¿_-‘nX £Wn-Xm-°-fmbn ]s¶-
Sp-°p-∂p-sh∂v Dd-∏m-°Ww.
tªm°v˛Pn√m ]©m-bØv Xe-
Øn¬ AXmXv Unhn-j-\p-I-fnse P\-
{]-Xn-\n-[n-Isf ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠v
{Kma -k-` -Iƒ kwL-Sn -∏n -°Ww.kv‰m‚nwKv IΩn‰n Xe-Øn¬ Cu k`-
I-fnse N¿®-Ifpw \nK-a-\-ßfpw cq]-
s∏-Sp-Øm\pw \n¿t±-in-°m\pw Ign-bWw. CØ-c-Øn¬ {Kma-k-`-I-fn¬
Bcw-`n®v Pn√m Bkp-{XW kan-Xn-
bn¬ GtIm-]-\hpw kwtbm-P-\hpwkm[y-amIpw hn[w 11˛mw ]≤-Xn-L-´-
Ønse {]Jym-]nX P\-Io-bm-kq-{XW
{]h¿Ø\w \mw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°Ww.]≤Xn cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\pw \S-Øn-
∏n\pw P\-Iob Ah-tem-I-\-Øn\pw
KpW-\n-e-hmc ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\pw Ign-bp∂ D∂X P\-Xm-ev]-cy-X-e-ambn
{Kma-k` D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw \mw
{i≤-cm-bn-cn-°Ww.
tIcf {Kma]©mbØv Atkmkntbj≥
kwÿm\ {]knU‚mWv
teJI≥
46 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Phone : 0471 - 2321909, 2331909, 2332179Phone : 0471 - 2321909, 2331909, 2332179
Tele Fax : 0471-2331909Tele Fax : 0471-2331909
Biotech Director A.Sajidas receiving Award from former American Vice President Mr. Al Gore
{]Ir-Xn-°n-W-ßnb amen\y kwkvI-c-W-Øn\v_tbm-sSIv πm‚p-Iƒ
BIOTECH
47]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
C¥y≥ ̀ c-W-L-S-\-bpsS B¿´n-
°nƒ 14 \nb-a-Øn\p ap∂n¬ kv{Xo˛
]pcpj XpeyX Dd∏p \¬Ip∂p;
B¿´n -°nƒ 15(3) kv{XoIƒ°pw
Ip™p-߃°pw {]tXyI kwc-£Ww, B¿´n-°nƒ 39(a) Pohn-tXm-
]m-[n-I-fn¬ XpeyX, B¿´n-°nƒ 39(d)Xpey tPmen°v Xpey thX\w..........
temIsØ G‰hpw henb P\m-[n-
]Xy kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ `c-W-L-S-\-bn¬ enwK-\o-Xn°p \¬Ip∂ {]m[m-
\y-Øns‚ Nne kqN-\-Iƒ am{X-am-
WnXv. Cu hIp-∏p-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-
Øn¬ \nc-h[n _n√p-Iƒ, BIvSp-Iƒ,
tImSXn hn[n -Iƒ... Bdp ZiIw]q¿Øn-bm-°nb kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥cC¥y-bnse kv{Xo kaq-l-Øns‚
hf¿®-bn¬ Ch-sbms° ]n¥p-W-bm-
bn -´p≠v F∂-Xn¬ kwi-b -an√.F∂m¬ C¥y≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ enwK-\oXn Dd∏p hcp-Øm≥ Ah-Im-i-ß-
fnepw Ah-k-c-ß-fnepw A[n-Im-c-Ønepw kv{XoIƒ°v Xpey-]-Zhn t\Sm≥ Ch F{X-am{Xw klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p≠v F∂ ]cn-tim-[\ A{X-sbm
∂pw {]Xo£ \¬Ip-∂-X√. ̂ yqU¬]mc-º-cy-Øn-s‚-Xmb NpjWcq]-ßfpw aqey-k-¶-ev]-ßfpw \ne-\n¬°p∂ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ apX-em-fnØwASnt®¬∏n-°p∂ Ak-a-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Ac-£n-X-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw ̀ mcw IqSnhln-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-Ip∂ `qcn-]£ P\-X-bpsS `mK-amWv kv{XoI
fpw. am{X-a√, Akaamb enwK ]Zhn
aqew Cu {]Xym-Lm-X-ß-fpsS Xo{hX
kv{XoIƒ IqSp-X-embn A\p-`-hn-t°
]Xns\m∂mw ]≤Xn-bn¬h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤Xn
Nne ]›m-Øe Nn¥-Iƒ
≠n hcn-Ibpw sNøp∂p. cmPyw kzm
X{¥yw t\Sn \nc-h[n h¿j-߃ Ign-
™n´pw kv{XoIƒ°v kzmX{¥yw \n
tj-[n°p∂ kmaqlyhyhÿ C¥y
bn¬ XpS-cp -∂-sX-¥p-sIm-≠mWv?
kv{Xo kwc-£-W-\n-b-a-߃ ^e-{]-
Z-amImsX t]mIp-∂-sX¥p sIm≠m
Wv? Cu tNmZy-߃ Db¿Øn-bXv A
¥m-cmjv{S h\nXm h¿j-ambn sFIy-
cmjv{Sk` sIm≠m-Snb 1975-¬ C.Fw.
Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-SmWv. AXn\p adp-
]-Sn-bmbn At±lw Nq≠n-°m-´p∂p,
""i‡-amb P\-Iob {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS
]n¥pWbns√¶n¬ C¥ysbt∏m-
semcp kaq-l-Øn¬ kmaq-ly]-cn-
jv°-cW {ia-߃ hn^-e-amWv''. Cu
tNmZyhpw adp-]-Snbpw, Ct∏mgpw kv{Xo
kaqlw t\cn-Sp∂ kmaqly ˛kmº-
ØnI {]iv\-ß-fpsS k¶o¿W-X-Ifpw
]Øp ]©h-’c]≤XnIƒ°p
km£yw hln® Hcp cmPysØ hnI-
k\ N¿®-bn¬ {]k-‡-amWv. Fhn-
sS-bmWv \ΩpsS hnI-k\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ
]mfn-t∏m-Ip-∂Xv? tIc-f-Øns‚ kv{Xo
hnI-k-\m-\p-`hw \¬Ip∂ ]mT-sa-
¥mWv?
kv{XoIƒ kmaq-ly-ambpw kmº-
Øn-I-ambpw ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bn-emWv
F∂ {]iv\w H∂mw ]©-h-’c
]≤Xn apX¬ C¥y-bn¬ N¿® sNø-
s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. Cu ]nt∂m-°m-hÿ adn-
I-S-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bp≈ ]cn-{i-a-߃
CXp-h-sc-bp≈ F√m ]©-h-’-c-]-≤-Xn-I-fnepw tI{μ-k¿°m¿ Dƒs∏-Sp-
Øn-bn-´pap≠v. F∂m¬, kv{Xo hnI-
tUm. Sn.F≥. koa
h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤Xn]©-h-’-c-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ
sh®p\o´p∂ Hcp kuP-\y-a√,\n›nX Sm¿P-‰p≈
Hcp ]mt°-P√,\ne-hn-ep≈ Ak-a-Xz-Øn-s‚bpwNqj-W-Øn-s‚bpw Nß-eIƒ
XI¿°p∂ a{¥-hp-a√.F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øns‚khn-tij kmaqly
kml-Ncy-Øn¬h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤Xn
krjvSn-°p∂ km[y-X-Iƒ\mw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xp≠v.
48 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
k\w kw_-‘n® kao-]-\-Øn¬hnhn[ Ime-ß-fn¬ kw`-hn® am‰-ß-
fmWv hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-tS-≠Xv. kv{Xo
kaq-l-Øn¬ \n¿h-ln-°p∂ ]c-º-cm-KX tdmfp-Iƒ (AΩ, IpSpw-_n\n)
ap≥ \n¿Øn kv{XobpsS hnI-k-\m-h-
iy-߃ \n¿W-bn-°p∂ t£a-k-ao-]-\-Øn-\mWv Bdmw ]≤Xn hsc ap≥
KW\ e`n-®n-cp -∂Xv. amXr˛inip
t£ahpw t]mj-Im-lmc ]cn-]m-SnbpwIpSpw-_m-kq-{X-W-hp-sams° {]m[m-\y-
ap≈ kwK-Xn-I-fm-sW-¶nepw {]Xyp-
ev]m-Z\ [¿Ω-߃°-∏pdw kv{Xo°vas‰mcp kmaq -ly-[¿Ωw Ds≠∂
hkvXp-Xsb Xs∂ \ncm-I-cn-°p-I-
bmWv Cu kao-]\w sNøp-∂Xv.kv{XoI-fpsS Iq´m-bva-I-fn-eqsS kzbw
sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-߃ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-
°p∂ alnfm kam-P-߃ c≠mw]≤Xn apX¬ cq]w sIm≈p-∂p-s≠-
¶nepw AXv kzmX{¥y hy‡n-sb∂
\ne-bn-ep≈ kmº-Øn-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-am-
bn-´√, hoSns‚ A\p-_‘ {]h¿Ø-
\-am-bn-´mWv kzoI-cn-°-s∏-´Xv.
sFIy-cm-jv{S-k-`-bpsS h\n-Xm-Z-i-
Im-N-c -W-Øns‚ kzm[o\w ]©-
h’c ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ krjvSn® KpW-
]c-amb hyXn-bm\w Bdmw ]≤Xn
apX¬ {]I-S-am-Ip-∂p≠v. t£a-k-ao-
]-\-Øn\p ]Icw kaq-l-Øns‚ F√m
taJe-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn kv{Xo
bpsS tdmƒ ]p\¿\n¿h-Nn-°p-Ibpw
kv{Xo {]iv\w ka-{K-amb ]T-\-Øn\p
hnt[-b-am-°p-Ibpw sNø-W-sa∂
Bhiyw Ggmw ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Ipd®p
IqSn aq¿Ø-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v t{]c-
W-bmbn. kzbw sXmgn¬ kwcw-`-
ßfpw sshZKv[y ]cn -io -e-\hpw
kv{Xo {Kq∏p-I-fpsS cq]o-I-c-Whpw
t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-s∏´p. ]t£, Cu
kao-]-\-Ønepw ImWp∂ Hcp {][m\
]cn-anXn hnI-k\ t\´-ß-fpsS KpW-
t`m-‡m-°-fmbn am{Xw kv{XoIsf˛
AXpw Zcn-{Z-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ Xcw-Xn-cn-
°-s∏´v˛ImWp∂p F∂-XmWv. {Kmaw,
\Kcw F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn®v kv{Xo
tI{μo-Ir-X-amb Zmcn{Zy \n¿Ωm¿÷\
]cn-]m-Sn-I-fpsS XpS°w Cu L´-Øn-
emWv.
F´mw ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-bmWv
(1992˛ -1997) hnI-k-\-Øn¬ \n∂v im
‡o-I-c-W-Øn-te°v F∂ Blzm\w
Db¿Øp-∂Xv. kv{Xo Iq´m-bva-Iƒ
cq]o-I-cn-°m\pw AXn-eqsS kºmZy
hmbv]m {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw kzbw
sXmgn¬ kwcw-̀ -ßfpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-
°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ {]Jym-]n-
°-s∏´p. H≥]Xmw ]≤-Xn-bn-emWv
kv{XoIƒ°v ]≤Xn hnln-X-Øns‚
\n›nX `mKw hI-bn-cp-Ø-W-sa∂
kao-]\w C¥y-bpsS Bkq-{XW Ncn-
{X-Øn-em-Zy-ambn kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
F√m hIp-∏p-Ifpw Ah-cpsS ]≤-Xn-
bpsS 30 iX-am\w kv{XoIƒ°v t\cn v́
{]tbm-P\w e`n-°p∂ {]h¿Ø\
߃°mbn D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂ \n¿
t±-ihpw tI{μ-k¿°m¿ ]pd-s∏-Sp-
hn®p. CXp ap≥\n¿Øn \nc-h[n ]≤-
Xn-Iƒ HºXpw ]Øpw ]≤-Xn-°m-
eØv tI{μ-k¿°m¿ \S-∏m-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. F¶nepw 11˛mw ]≤-Xn-bpsS
kao-]\ tcJ-bn¬ tI{μ-πm-\nwKv
IΩo-j≥ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xp-t]mse
hnth-N-\-Øn-s‚bpw Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-s‚
bpw Xpcp-Øp-Iƒ C\nbpw _m°n-tb-
sd-bp≠v. tI{μ-k¿°m¿ {]Jym-]n®
enwK-]-Zhn Bkq-{X-Whpw enwK-]-Zhn
]cn-tim-[-\bpw IS-em-kn-sem-Xpßn
t]mIp-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv A\p-̀ hw. 11-̨ mw
]≤-Xn-bn-te°v t]mIp-tºmƒ tI{μ-
πm-\nwKv IΩo-j≥ Nq≠n-°m-´p∂Zu¿∫-ey-߃°p≈ adp-]-Sn-bmWv
BZyw D∂-bn® C.Fw.F ns‚
hm°p-Iƒ. P\-Iob C— IqSmsX HcphnI-k-\-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw kmaq-ly-]-cn-
jv°-c-Whpw ̂ e-{]-Z-ambn \S-∏m-°m-
\m-In√ F∂-Xn\v tI{μ-k¿°m-cns‚]Øv ]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂p
Xs∂ DZm-l-c-W-߃ Is≠Ømw.
P\-Iob C— k¿°m¿ ]≤-Xn-IsfFßs\ ^e-{]-Z-am-°p∂p F∂-Xn\v
tIc-f-Øns‚ hnI-k-\m-\p-`hw Hcp
]mT-amWv.
tIcf kaq-l-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-
Øn¬ ]©-h-’-c-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ°-∏pdw
\n¿Wm-b-I-amb \nc-h[n LS-I-ß-
fp≠v. \qdp h¿j-Øn-tesd Ncn-{X-ap≈
hnZym-`ymk˛kmaq-ly-]-cn-jv°-cW
{]h¿Ø-\-߃, Iqen°pw Ah-Im-i-
߃°pw th≠n -bp≈ I¿jI˛
sXmgn-emfn ka-c-߃, P\m-[n-]-Xy-
k¿°m-cp-Iƒ \S-∏m-°nb ̀ q]-cn-jv°-
cWw, km£-c-Xm-{]-ÿm\w, hnZym-
`ymk˛BtcmKy˛kmaqly˛ t£a-cw-K-
ß-fnse CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ, A[n-Im-c-hn-
tI-{μo-I-c-W-Øn¬ cmPy-Øns‚ Xs∂
{i≤-bm-I¿jn® hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-
{XWw F∂n-ßs\ tIcf hnI-k-\-
Øn\v X\Xp amXrI krjvSn® Cu
LS-I-ß-sf√mw _‘-s∏-´mWv tIc-
f-Ønse kv{Xo kaq-l-Øns‚ hf¿®
tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv. _q¿jzm-P-\m-[n-
]Xy hyh-ÿ-bn¬ kv{Xo Iƒ°v Ah-
Im-i-s∏´ `c-W-L-S-\m-]c-amb kwc-
£W kwhn-[m-\-߃ a‰v kwÿm-\-
ßsf At]-£n®v sa®-s∏´ \ne-bn¬
tIc-f-Ønse kv{Xo Iƒ°v e`n-®Xv
CXn-eq-sS-bmWv. F∂m¬ ]ptcm-K-an-®-
sX∂v \mw A`n-am-\n-°p∂ tIcf kaq-
l-Øn¬ h¿≤n®p hcp∂ kv{Xo hncp-
≤-a-t\m-`m-hhpw Aka-ambn Xs∂
XpS-cp∂ enwK-]-Zhn _‘-ßfpw
hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂
CXns‚ {]Xym-Lm-X-ßfpw "tIcf
hnI-k\ amXrI'bnse sshcp-≤y-ß-
fmbn \ne \n¬°p∂p. Cu hnI-k\
{]iv\sØ t\cn-Sm-\p≈ {ia-ß-fn-eq-
sS-bmWv 9˛mw ]©-h-’c ]≤Xn
apX¬ tIc-f-Ønse kv{Xo hnI-k\
Ncn{Xw am‰n-sb-gp-X-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
tI{μ-k¿°m-cns‚ ]©-h-’c ]≤-
Xn-Iƒ apt∂m´ph® hIp-∏p-Iƒ hgn
\S-∏m-°p∂ Sm¿P-‰Uv ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬
\n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn, kv{Xo {]iv\-
Øns‚ Bh-iy-ß-fn¬ \n∂v cq]w
49]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
sIm≈p∂ hnI-k\ kao-]-\-sØbpwAXv \S-∏m-°m-\m-h-iy-amb ]≤-Xn-
Iƒ°v cq]w sImSp-°m-\p≈ Imcy-
tijn h¿≤-\-hn-s\bpw Imcy-£-a-ambn \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kv{XoI-
fpsS Icp-Øm¿÷n-°-en-s\bpw BWv
tIc-f-Øn¬ h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤-Xn-sb∂p t]cn´p hnfn-®Xv. CXv cq]w
sIm≈m-\p≈ kml-N-cy-sam-cp-°n-bXv
hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-{X-W-Øn-\m-bp≈P\-Io-bm-kq-{X-Whpw.
tIc-f-Ønse hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-{X-WsØ hyXy-kvX-am-°p-∂Xv P\-Io-
bm-kq-{XW {]ÿm-\-Øn-eqsS Dd-∏m-
°m≥ {ian® P\-]-¶m-fn-Øhpw hnI-k\w kw_-‘n®v krjvSn-°-s∏´
]pXnb kmaqly DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t_m-
[-hp-am-sW-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. CXn¬kv{XoIƒ°v CS-ap -s≠∂pw AXv
{][m-\-am-sW∂pw D≈ Xncn-®-dnhv
\m´n¬ krjvSn -°m-\mbn F∂Xv
\n¿Wm-b-I-amWv. {Kma-k`, I¿Ω-
kanXn, hnI-k\ skan-\m-dp -Iƒ,
]≤Xn cq]o-I-cWw, \n¿Δ-lWw, ]cn-
tim-[\ XpSßn Hmtcm L´-Ønepw
BZy-Im-eØv \n¿_-‘-Øns‚ `mK-
ambn Iq´n-t®¿°-s∏´ kv{Xo km∂n
≤yw C∂v G‰hpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambn
kzoI-cn-°-s∏´p Ign™p (]¶m-fnØw
kv{XoI-fpsS am{Xw Npa-X-e-bmbn
amdp∂ Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS≠ Ahÿ
Ct∏mƒ ]e-bn-S-Øp-ap≠v). Ign™
]Øp h¿jsØ hntI-{μo-Ir-Xm-kq-
{XW A\p-̀ -h-ß-fpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-
am-bn-´mWv C\n tIc-f-Ønse kv{Xo
Iƒ apt∂m´p t\mt°-≠Xv.
P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw cq]w \¬Inb
kv{Xo hnI-k\ ImgvN-∏mSv ]©-
h’c ]≤-Xn-I-fn-eqsS tI{μ-k¿
°m¿ kzoI-cn® hnI-k\ kao-]-\-ß-
fn¬ \n∂v XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-
cp∂p. kv {XoIsf e£yw h®p -
sIm≠p≈ t£a-{]-h¿-Ø-\-ßfpw
Ahsc KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fmbn am{Xw
I≠p-sIm-≠p≈ hIp∏p ]≤-Xn-Ifpw
kv{XoI-fpsS Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Nne am‰-
ß-fp-≠m°mw. F∂m¬ kv{XoIƒ
tIhew KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fmbn amdp-
∂Xp sImt≠m km∂n≤yw sIm≠p
am{X-ap≈ ]¶m-fnØw sImt≠m kaq-
l-Ønse k{Xo-]-Z-hn-bn¬ am‰-ap-≠m-
°m-\m-hn√. s]mXp-hn-I-k\ {]{In-b-
tbmSv kv{XoIsf Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambnDZv{K-Yn-°pI F∂√, kv{XoIƒ hnI-
k\ {]{In-b-bn¬ CS-s]´v \ne-\n¬
°p∂ Ak-a-amb enwK-]-Zhn _‘w
Xncp-ØpI F∂-XmWv P\-Io-bm-kq-{XWw {]Jym-]n® kv{Xo hnI-k\
kao-]\w. \ΩpsS Xt±-i-̀ -cW ÿm]-
\-߃ Ign™ ]Øp h¿j-ambn \S-∏m-°p∂ h\nXm LSI ]≤Xn Cu
hnI-k\ kao-]-\sØ Dƒs°m-≈p-
∂pt≠m? kaq-l-Ønse Ak-a-ambA[n-Imc _‘-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw
CS¿® krjvSn-°m≥ kv{Xo hnI-k\
]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v Ign-™n-´pt≠m?
h\nXm LSI ]≤-Xn-bpsS ]Øp
h¿jsØ hni-Z-amb ]cn-tim-[\ HcpteJ-\-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn-sem-Xp-°m-hp-
∂-X√. 11-˛mw ]≤-Xn-bn-te°p t]mIp-
tºmƒ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-߃CØcw hne-bn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Øp-
∂p≠v. Ign™ ]≤-Xn-I-fn -embn
kv{XoIƒ°v {]tXyIw hI-bn-cp-Ønb10 iX-am\w ]≤Xn hnln-X-Øns‚
D]-tbmKw, AXv krjvSn -®n -´p≈
BkvXn-Iƒ, Ah-bpsS {]tbm-P-\-s∏-
Sp-ج, h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤-Xn-bpsS
Bkq-{XW \n¿Δ-lW hne-bn-cp -
ج, {]{In-b-bpsS Imcy-£-aX, h\n-
Xm-L-SI ]≤Xn {]mtZ-inI kaq-l-
Øn¬˛IpSpw-_-Øn¬˛hy‡n-bn¬
krjvSn-®n-´p≈ ̀ uXn-Ihpw at\m-`m-h-
]-c-hp-amb am‰-߃.. Cß-s\-bp≈
\nc-h[n LS-I-ß-fpsS ]cn-tim-[\
`mhn ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°m-bp≈ ]›m-Øe
N¿®-bn¬ D≠m-tI-≠-Xp≠v. hoSv,
sh≈w, shfn®w, I°qkv, hcp-am\
D]m-[n-Iƒ XpSßn \nc-h[n {]mtbm-
Kn-Im-h-iy-߃ kv{Xo Iƒ°p≠v. Ch
\nd-th-t‰-≠Xv kv{XobpsS ssZ\w Zn\
Pohn-X-Øns‚ ̀ mcw Ipd-bv°m≥ A\n-
hm-cy-hp-amWv. s]mXp-]-≤-Xn-bn¬
kmaq -ly -t£a ]cn -]m -S n -I -fn¬
CØcw Bh-iy-߃ kv{Xo]-cn-K-W\
\¬In-s°m≠p Xs∂ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ-
≠-Xp≠v. F∂m¬ kv{XobpsS Bh-
iy-߃ Ch am{X-a√. \ne-hn-ep≈
kv{Xo ]pcpj sXmgn¬ hn`-P-\sØ
adn -I-S -°p -∂-Xn\pw kv{XoIƒ°v
]pXnb sXmgn¬ taJ-e-I-fn-te°v IS-
°p-∂-Xn\pw F{X-am{Xw h\n-Xm-L-SI
]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS Ign-™n-´p≠v F∂Xv
]cntim-[\m hnt[-b-am-°Ww. ]c-º-
cm-KX taJ-e-I-fn¬ Xs∂ Dev]m-Z\w
sshhn-[y-h-Xv°-cn®pw kv{XoIƒ°v
sshZ-Kv[y ]cn-io-e\w \¬Inbpw
aqey-h¿≤-\hv Dd-∏m-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬
F{X-am{Xw CS-s]-Sm-\mbn F∂Xpw
]Tn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. hcp-am-\-ap-b¿∂m¬
am{Xw t]mcm, hcp -am -\ -Ønepw
kzØnepw kv{XoI-fpsS \nb{¥Ww
thWw, IpSpw-_-Øn\p th≠n ITn-\-ambn A[zm-\n-°p-tºmgpw hoSn-\-IØv
A[n-Im-c-an-√m-Ø-h-fmbn XpS-cp∂
Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v kv{Xo ap‡-bmIWw, s]mXp-cw-KØv kv{XoI-tfm-
Sp≈ hnth-N\w C√m -Xm -IWw,
X߃ t\cn-Sp∂ hnth-N-\-Øn-s‚bpwNqj-W-Øn-s‚bpw cmjv{Sobw Xncn-®-
dn-bm\pw AXn-s\-Xnsc {]Xn-tcm-[n-
°m\pw Ah Xncp-Øp-∂-Xn\v CS-s]-Sm\pw kv{XoIƒ IcpØv t\SWw....
Cu e£y-Øn-te-°p≈ bYm¿∞
am¿§-Øn¬ Xs∂-bmtWm \ΩƒF∂ hne-bn-cp-ج h\n-Xm-L-SI
]≤Xn kw_-‘n®v D≠m-tI-≠-Xp≠v.
h\n-Xm-L-S-I-]-≤-Xn-bpsS A¥x-k-
Ø-sb-Xs∂ tNmZyw sNøp∂ Xc-Øn-
ep≈ Nne {]h-W-X-Iƒ ]e-bn-S-Øpap≠v F∂Xv Kuc-h-tØmsS
ImtW≠ hnj-b-amWv. AXn-te-‰hpw
{][m\w h\nXm LS-I-]-≤-Xn°v 10
iX-am\w ]≤Xn hnlnXw hI-bn-cp-
Øp -∂-Xp -ambn _‘-s∏-´ -XmWv.
Hmtcm h¿jhpw h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤-
50 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Xn°v 10 iX-am\w ̂ ≠v hI-bn-cp-Øp-sa∂v Dd-∏m-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXn¬
F{X-am{Xw sNe-h-gn-°p-∂p≠v F∂
]cn-tim-[\ AkzÿP\-I-amb ]ehkvXp -X-Ifpw t_m[y-s∏-Sp -Øp-
∂p≠v. ]e Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-
fp-sSbpw h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤Xn C∂vkv]n¬ Hmh¿ hnln -X -Øn -eqsS
hen∏w h®p hcn-I-bmWv. \nc-h[n
h¿j-ß-fpsS kv]n¬ Hmh¿ `mc-hp-ambn \n¬°p∂ Xt±-i-`-cW ÿm]-
\-߃°v h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤Xn Hcp
_m≤y-Xbmbn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-I-bmWv.
as‰mcp {]h-WX, h\n-Xm-L-S-I-]-
≤-Xn-bn-epƒs∏-SpØn h≥ XpI-IƒsNe-hn´v \n¿Ωn-°p∂ BkvXn-Iƒ
]n∂oSv a‰v Imcy-߃°mbn D]-tbm-
Kn-°p-∂-XmWv. h\nXm hyh-kmbw,kmwkv°m-cnI tI{μw, sXmgn¬ ]cn-
io-e\ tI{μw F∂n-ßs\ \nc-h[n
]≤-Xn-Iƒ e£yw h®v \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´
sI´n-S-߃ AXns‚ XpS¿ \S-]-Sn-Iƒ
C√msX a‰v Bh-iy-߃°mbn D]-
tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ]t£, t{]mP-IvSp-
I-fp -ambn _‘-s∏´ kmt¶-XnI
{]iv\w sImt≠m a‰v XS- -߃
sImt≠m BsW∂v \ymbo-I-cn-°-s∏-
Sm-dp≠v. F¶nepw CXv ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-
tS≠ Zu¿_eyw Xs∂-bmWv. {]mtZ-
inI km[y-X-Iƒ°pw Bh-iy-߃
°p-a-\p-kr-X-ambn kv{XoIƒ°m-bp≈
t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ°v cq]w sImSp-°p-∂-
Xn-\p≈ N¿® C\nbpw \S-t°-≠-
Xp≠v. F√m cwK-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ hnZ-Kv[-
cpsS ]n¥p-Wbpw hni-Z-amb ]T-\-
ßfpw AXn-\m-h-iy-ap≠v.
IpSpw-_{io kwL-ß-fpsS hym]-
\hpw {]h¿Ø-\hpw Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-amb ]¶m-fn-Ø-amWv hnI-k\ thZn-
I-fn¬ D≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. ]t£,
h¿≤n® ]¶m-fnØw FÆ-Øn¬ am{X-a√, KpW-Øn¬ IqSn-bp-≠m-Ip∂ Xc-
Øn¬ IpSpw-_{io {]h¿Ø-Isc {]m
]vX-cm-t°-≠-Xp≠v. kºmZy˛hmbv]m{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eqsS am{Xw kv{Xo
im‡o-I-cWw t\Sm-\m-Ip-sa-∂Xv
hymtamlw am{X-amWv. kzbw ]T-\-Øn-eqsS ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m≥
klm-b-I-amb ]Zhn ]T-\-߃°v
IpSpw-_{io kwL-߃ thZn-bm-IWw. Pm{KXm kan-Xn-I-fpsS {]h¿
Ø\w ̂ e{]Z-am-Ip-∂-Xn\pw kv{XoIq-
´m-bva-I-fp-am-bp≈ GtIm-]\w Bh-iy-amWv. CXn-s\ms° t\XrXzw
hln-°m≥ IpSpw-_-{io-bp-sSbpw h\n-
Xm-P-\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sSbpw kmaq-ly-
{]-h¿ØI-cp-sSbpw Iq´m-bva-Iƒ cq]w
sIm≈Ww. `mhn Bkq-{XW N¿®-
Iƒ°v ]›m-Ø-e-sam-cp-°p∂ Xc-
Øn¬ ]Zhn ]T\ \nK-a -\ -߃
t{ImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-SWw. kv{Xok-aq-l
sØ°pdn-®p≈ G‰hpw hn]p-e-amb
kzbw ]T\ {]{In-bbv°v tIcfw
km£n-bm-Is´.
h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤-Xn-bpsS \s´√v
Bkq-{XW \n¿Δ-lW {]{In-b-bnse
kv{Xo t\XrXzw Xs∂-bmWv. h\nXm
h¿°nwKv {Kq∏p-Iƒ°v Bh-iy-amb
]cn-io-e\w \¬In-s°m≠v h\n-Xm-L-
SI ]≤-Xnsb IqSp-X¬ ̂ e-{]-Z-am-°p-
∂-Xn-\p≈ {ia-߃°v 11˛-mw ]≤-Xn-
bn¬ Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-Xp≠v. Ign
™ ]Øp h¿j-ambn N¿® sN
bvXn´pw C\nbpw th≠{X {]mtbm-Kn-
I-am-ImØ kwtbm-P-\-Øn-s‚bpw
GtIm-]-\-Øn-s‚bpw km[y-X-Iƒ
h\n-Xm-L-S-I-]-≤-Xnsb kw_-‘n®v
ASn-b-¥c {i≤ e`n-t°≠ H∂mWv.
ImcWw kwÿm\ Xe-Øn¬ cq]o-
I-cn-°p∂ kv{Xo hnI-k\ hIp∏v,
hnhn[ hIp-∏p-Ifpw GP≥kn-Ifpw
\S-∏m-°p∂ kv{Xo hnI-k\ ]cn-]m-
Sn-I-fpsS GtIm-]-\-amWv e£y-am-°p-
∂Xv. F∂m¬ h\nXm LS-I-]-≤-Xn-
bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ {XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-
I-fpsS ]≤-Xn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ GtIm-
]\w t]mepw C\nbpw ^e-{]-Z-am-
ImØ kml-N-cy-am-Wp-≈Xv. kwÿm
\-Xe kv{Xohn-I-k\ ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fp-
ambn GtIm-]n∏n®p sIm≠v {XnXe
]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS h\n-Xm-L-SI
]≤Xn hn]p-e-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw ^e-{]-
Z-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw A]mc km[y-X-I-fm-
Wp-≈Xv. F∂m¬ AXns‚ BZy-L-
´-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ ka-
{K-hn-I-k\ ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ ASn-ÿm-
\-Øn¬ h\n-Xm-L-S-I-]-≤Xn GtIm-
]n-∏n-°-s∏-SWw.
h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤Xn ]©-h-’-c-
]-≤-Xn-Iƒ sh®p \o´p∂ Hcp kuP-
\y-a√, \n›nX Sm¿P-‰p≈ Hcp ]mt°-
P√, \ne-hn-ep≈ Ak-a-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw
Nqj-W-Øn-s‚bpw Nß-eIƒ XI¿
°p∂ a{¥-hp-a√. F∂m¬ tIc-f-
Øns‚ khn-tij kmaqly kml-
Ncy-Øn¬ h\n-Xm-L-SI ]≤Xn kr
jvSn-°p∂ km[y-X-Iƒ \mw Xncn-®-dn-
tb-≠-Xp≠v. hnI-k-\-Øn¬ enwK-
\oXn Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw \ne-\n¬
°p∂ enwK-]-Zhn t_m[w Xncp-Øp-
∂-Xn\pw e`n-°p∂ Cu Ahkcw
]q¿Æ-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-
∂Xv Ncn{Xw G¬∏n-°p∂ IS-a-bmWv.
teJnIXncph\¥]pcw bpWnthgvkn‰n
tImtfPn¬ aebmf hn`mKwA≤ym]nIbmWv
51]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
kZv`cW \n¿ΔlW ]≤Xnbn¬Fs¥ms° D≠mIWw?
s]mXpImcyßfn¬ s]mXp^≠v D]tbmKn®v s]mXpXocpam\wFSp°pIbpw Ah \n¿Δln°pIbpwsNøp∂ {]{InbbmWv s]mXp`cW\n¿ΔlWw. P\ßfpsS ssZ\wZn\PohnXhpambn _‘apff kp{][m\ImcyßfpsS `cW\n¿ΔlWw C∂v]©mbØv˛ap\nkn∏¬ ÿm]\ßfnte°v ssIamdn°gn™p. ]t£AhbpsS `cW\n¿ΔlWcoXns{]m^jW¬ kz`mhan√mØXpwkZv`cWsa∂v (good governance)]dbm≥ {]bmkapffXpamWv. AXpam‰nsbSp°pIbmWv kZ v`cW\n¿ΔlW ]≤XnbpsS e£yw.
2 kZv`cWw ˛ Hcp \n¿ΔN\wXßfn¬ A¿∏nXamb DØchmZn
Ø߃ \ndth‰pIbpw AXn\mbnA[nImc߃ AXn Xo{hambn D]tbmKn°pIbpw sNøp∂ ]uckulrZ]chpw tkh\]chpw, kpXmcyhpw, A°u≠_nen‰n DffXpw,DtZymKÿ B[n]Xyan√mØXpw,{]Xn{]h¿Ø\£aX (responsive)bpffXpw, kaXzhpw \oXnbpw ]men°p∂Xpw, ]mhs∏´hscbpw ]m¿izh¬°cn°s∏´hscbpw ]£]mXnXzan√msX ]¶mfnIfm°p∂Xpw, \nbahyhÿIƒ°\pkcn®p am{Xw {]h¿Øn°p∂Xpw, A[nImcZp¿hn\ntbmK km[yXIƒ Ipd™Xpw, P\ßfpsS A`n{]mb sFIyØns‚ ]n≥_etØmsS \SØp∂Xpw, kpÿncXbpwZo¿LIme ImgvN∏mSpw ÿmbnbmb{]h¿Ø\apffXpw AgnaXn clnXhpamb `cWamWv kZv`cWw.
kZv`cWØn¬ k¿°mcpw P\ßfpw XΩnepff CW°w IqSpIbpwCSs]S¬ KpW]chpw sa®apffXmIpIbpw sNøpw. Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃ Ahbn¬ A¿∏nXamb bmYmÿnXnI NpaXeIfn¬ HXpßn \n∂pbm{¥nIambn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\
sI.cmPtiJc≥
∏pdw \qX\amb taJeIfnte°vNphSpshbv°pIsb∂Xv kZv`cWamWv. k_vknUnbmcn‰n XXz
(principle of subsidiarity) amWv CXn\v
B[mcamt°≠Xv.
3 kZv`cW ]≤Xnbn¬Du∂¬ \¬tI≠ Imcy߃`cW\n¿ΔlW ]≤Xnbv°mbn
Xt±i`cW ÿm]\߃ Hcp
h¿°nwKv {Kq∏v cq]oIcn®v Hcp kZv
`cW \n¿ΔlW ]≤Xn, ]Xns\m
∂mw ]≤XnbpsS `mKambn ka¿∏n
°Wsa∂v \njvI¿jn®n´p≠v.
kZv`cW \n¿ΔlW ]≤Xnbn¬
`cW \n¿ΔlWØns‚ ta∑ h¿≤n
∏n°p∂Xn\mbn ap≥Iq´n IrXyambn
\n¿Æbn°p∂ e£yßtfmSp IqSn,
`cW]cnjvIcWßfpw AhbpsS
\n¿ΔlWØns‚ kab]cn[nbpw
\nPs∏SpØnb ]cn]mSnIƒ Dƒs∏
SpØWw. AXXp Xt±i`cW ÿm]
\Øn¬ \√ `cWw krjvSn°m\mh
iyamb GXp LSIßfpw CXn¬ Dƒ
s∏SpØmw. F¶nepw Du∂¬ \¬
tI≠ 13 Imcy߃ Hcp kqNI ]´nI
bmbn am¿§tcJbn¬ kqNn∏n®n´p≠v.
Ah NphsS tN¿°p∂p.
3.1 P\]¶mfnØw h¿≤n∏n°¬
s]mXp^≠v s]mXphmb Imcy
߃ \n¿Δln°m\mbn D]tbmKn°p
tºmƒ P\ßfpsS kamlrX A`n
{]mb߃°v A\pkcn®mbncn°Ww
AXns‚ Bkq{XWhpw \n¿ΔlW
hpw \StØ≠Xv. P\ßtfmSv Btem
Nn®m¬ (consult) am{Xw t]mcm, adn®v
P\ßsf ]q¿Æ]¶mfnIfm°n Ah
cpsS bYm¿∞ A`n{]mb߃ Adn
™v AXn\\pkcn®v thWw ]≤Xn
Bkq{XWhpw \n¿ΔlWhpw \S
tØ≠Xv. AXn\mbn Xt±i`cW
ÿm]\w Ahew_n°m\pt±in
kZv`cWØn¬k¿°mcpw P\ßfpw
XΩnepffCW°w IqSpIbpw
CSs]S¬KpW]chpw
sa®apffXmIpIbpwsNøpw
52 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
°p∂ Imcy߃ hy‡am°Ww.{Kmak`, hnIk\ skan\m¿, tðvtlmƒU¿ N¿®, h¿°nwKv {Kq∏v,tamWn‰dnwKv IΩn‰n, ]pXnbXmbn\n¿t±in°p∂ P\Iob CSs]S¬thZnIƒ, Xt±i`cW kwhn[m\Øns‚ a‰p P\]¶mfnØ km[yXbpff thZnIƒ, I¿jI kanXnIƒ,A≤ym]I˛c£mI¿XrkanXnIƒF∂nhbn¬ Fßs\ P\ßsf ]s¶Sp∏n°msa∂p hniZam°Ww.
3.2 A°u≠pIƒ IrXyambnkq£n°¬
e`n®Xpw sNehm°nbXpw tijn°p∂Xpamb ]WØns‚ IW°pIƒ IrXyambn Adnbm\mIpw hn[wFgpXn kq£n®m¬ am{Xta {]h¿Ø\w Imcy£ahpw ^e{]Zhpambn\n¿Δln°m≥ Ignbq. IW°pIƒIrXyas√¶n¬ Zo¿LIme Bkq{XWw Akm[yamIpw. `cWØn¬kq£vaX h¿≤n∏n°m≥, e`n® ]WØns‚bpw sNehm°nb ]WØns‚bpw AXv F¥ns\ms° Fßs\sbms° sNehm°nsb∂papff IW°pIfpsS tcJIƒ D≠mt°≠Xp≠v.[\]camb BtcmKyw ImØp kq£n°mØ Hcp ÿm]\Øn\v {]h¿Ø\£aX ssIhcn°m≥ Ignbn√. hm¿jnI BUn‰v dnt∏m¿´n¬ \S]SnkzoIcn°pI, AXp {Kmak`bn¬hbv°pI, IrXyamb adp]Sn \¬IpIF∂nhbn¬ kzoIcn°m\pt±in°p∂coXnIfpw IW°pIƒ IrXyam°ens‚ `mKamWv. ÿm]\Øns‚hchp sNehpIW°pIfpsS IrXyamb tcJs∏SpØen\p kzoIcn°p∂ \S]SnIfmWv ChnsS hniZamt°≠Xv.
3.3 KpWt`m‡r cPnÿIrXyambn D≠m°¬
{][m\ BkvXnIƒ°mbn CXphsc \¬Inb B\pIqey߃ B¿s°ms°bmWv \¬InbsX∂v Adnbm\mIp∂ Hcp kºq¿Æ cPnÿXømdm°p∂Xv Hcmƒ°pXs∂ho≠pw ho≠pw ]£]mX]cambnB\qIqey߃ \¬Ip∂Xv XSbm\pw \¬Inbh¿ AXp {]tbmP\s∏SpØntbm F∂p ]Tn°m\pw \¬ImØ a‰pffhsc Is≠Øp∂Xv imkv{Xobam°m\pw A[nImc Zp¿hn\ntbmKhpw AgnaXnbpw Ipdbv°m\pwD]Icn°pw. hy‡nKX B\pIqey߃ ]≤Xn\n¿ΔlWØns‚ `mKambn \evIp∂nStØmfw CusbmcpcPnkv‰¿ AXymhiyamWv. AXp
Xømdm°p∂Xn\pw XpS¿∂p sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn\papff kab_‘nX]≤Xn Bhnjv°cn°Ww.
3.4 `cW \S]SnIƒkpXmcy am°¬
`cWkw_‘amb an° hnhcßfpw GsXmcmƒ°pw Adnbm≥C∂p hyhÿbp≠v. hnhcmhImi\nbaØnse `cW]cnjvIcW\n_‘\Ifpw hnhce`yXmcoXnbpwImcy£aambn \S∏m°p∂Xn\pth≠n kzoIcn°m\pt±in°p∂ \S]SnIfmWv Cu `mKØv tcJs∏SptØ≠Xv. aqe[\ hn\ntbmK C\amb s]mXpacmaØns‚bpw km[\߃ hmßens‚bpw \S]SnIƒkpXmcyam°p∂Xn\p ap≥KW\ \¬IWw. G‰hpw IqSpX¬ hnhc߃F√mhscbpw Adnbn°m\pw GXphnhchpw GsXmcmƒ°pw e`n°m\pwAXp km[yamIpw hn[w tcJIƒkq£n°m\pw th≠n sNøm\pt±in°p∂ \S]Sn{Ia߃ Cu `mKØvDƒs∏SpØWw.
3.5 tkh\w \¬I¬ Imcy£aam°m≥ CeIvt{SmWn°vkmt¶XnIhnZy D]tbmKs∏Spج
Iºyq´dpIƒ D]tbmKs∏SpØntkh\߃ B¿°pw FhnsSbpwe`yam°p∂Xn\v Fs¥√mw \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°m\pt±in°p∂p F∂vtcJs∏SptØ≠Xp≠v. P\\ acWhnhc߃ C‚¿s\‰n¬ e`yam°nbm¬ B¿°p thWsa¶nepw GXpkabØpw GXp ÿeØp \n∂pwk¿´n^n°‰v {]n‚ v sNbvXv FSp°mw.AØcw \qX\amb Imcy߃GsX√mw Fßs\ sNøm\pt±in°p∂psh∂v tcJs∏SpØWw.
3.6 P\\˛acW cPnkvt{Sjs‚]q¿ØoIcWw
A]q¿Æambn°nS°p∂ P\\acW cPnkvt{Sj≥ hnhc߃]q¿Æam°m≥ kzoIcnt°≠ kab_‘nXamb \S]SnIfmWv Cu `mKØv D≠mth≠Xv. A]q¿ÆambP\\˛acW cPnkvt{Sj≥ aqeapff`cWØns‚ Imcy£aXbn√mbva]cnlcn°pIbmWv e£yw.
3.7 ]uctkh\w \¬I¬sa®am°pI
]uctkh\߃ \¬Im\mbn\ne\n¿Ønbncn°p∂ ÿm]\ßfmWv ]©mbØpIfpw \Kc]menImÿm]\ßfpw. AhbpsS ]uctkh
\߃ Fßs\sbms° sa®s∏SpØm≥ Fs¥ms° B ÿm]\߃hn`mh\w sNøp∂p F∂XmWv Cu`mKØv tcJs∏SptØ≠Xv. At]£Iƒ e`n°p∂ apd°v ap≥KW\m{Iaw]men®psIm≠v am{Xta tkh\߃\evIq F∂ XXzw BhnjvIcn°p∂XmWv AXn¬ G‰hpw {][m\w.AXn\p th≠ \S]Sn{Ia߃ Bhnjv°cn°Ww. ]uc\v Nn´bmbpwIrXyamb hyhÿIfpw At]£bpsS ap≥KW\m{Iahpw ]men®psIm≠pw F{X Ipd™ kabØn\pffn¬ Hcp ÿnccoXnbmbn tkh\߃ \evImsa∂ ImcyamWv CXn¬ Dƒs∏SptØ≠Xv. ip≤Pew,ipNoIcWw F∂nh t]mepff ]uctkh\ßfpw t£a{]h¿Ø\߃t]mepff kmaqlyhnIk\ ]cn]mSnIfpw BtcmKyw, hnZym`ymkw t]mepff am\h hnIk\ ]cn]mSnIfpwAhbpsS {]tXyIXIƒ a\ nem°n sa®am°m\pff kao]\w CuJWvUØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØWw.
3.8 AgnaXnIpdbv°m≥ kmaqlyBUn‰v \S∏m°pI
`cW\S]SnIfn¬ hnthN\km[yX Ipdbv°pw hn[w \S]Sn{Ia߃ IrXyam°pIbpw Hcp `cWm[nImcn°pw H‰bv°v H∂nepw kºq¿Æ\nb{¥Ww \evImXncn°epw sX‰pIƒ tNmZyw sNøm≥ kwhn[m\ap≠m°epamWv AgnaXnsb t\cnSm≥Bhiyw. s]mXp ]Ww kzImcyhy‡nIfnte°p ssIamdemWv AgnaXn. AXv A¿_pZw t]mse `cWhyhÿsb £bn∏n°pIbmWv.]Whpw kzm[o\hpapffh¿°v Imcy߃ Ffp∏w \SØm\pw ]Wan√mØh¿°v AXp e`n°mXncn°m\pwCXp ImcWamIpw. `cWkwhn[m\Ønse Nn´Isfbpw Imcy£aXsbbpw AgnaXn°m¿ C√mXm°pw.AXns\ \nb{¥n°m≥ P\߃°v`cW\n¿ΔlWØn¬ CSs]Sm\pw(tkmjy¬ BUn‰v) A]mIXIƒNp≠n°mWn°m\pw GsX√mw kwhn[m\w Hcp°m≥ BtemNn°p∂pF∂XmWv Cu `mKØv tcJs∏SptØ≠Xv.
3.9 tkh\߃ \¬Ip∂Xn\pffcoXnIƒ
Hmtcm Xt±i`cW ÿm]\hpw]ucmhImi tcJ {]kn≤oIcn°WwF∂p \n¿_‘ hyhÿbp≠v. tkh\ßfpsS IrXyamb Hcp ]´nIbmWv]ucmhImitcJ. AXn¬ hnhcn
53]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
°p∂ kab{IaØnepw KpW\nehmcØnepw tkh\߃ \¬Ip∂Xn\v th≠n Hcpt°≠ ImcyßfmWvCu JWvUØn¬ tcJs∏SptØ≠Xv.
3.10 tkh\߃ Bhiy°mcn¬FØn°pI.
\evIp∂ tkh\߃ ]ucs‚AhImiamsW∂pw Xt±i`cWÿm]\Øns‚ HuZmcyas√∂pwDff t_m[tØmsS `cWØnseKpWt`m‡m°f√, bPam\∑m¿BWv P\߃ F∂ [mcW ]p\xÿm]n°pw hn[w tkh\߃\evIpI am{Xa√ P\߃°cnInte°v Ah FØn°p∂Xn\pwAh¿°v kuIcy{]Zambn Ah e`n°pwhn[w kwhn[m\w sNøp∂Xn\papff \S]SnIƒ Cu JWvUØn¬tcJs∏SpØWw. tkh\߃ C‚¿s\‰v hgn e`yam°¬, P\ßfnte°vtkh\߃ FØn°ens‚ `mKamWv. IrXyamb At]£b\pkcn®vk¿´n^n°‰pIƒ Ab®psImSp°¬Cu KWØn¬s∏Spw. s]mXpÿeßfn¬ tkh\߃ e`yam°p∂]gb coXnbn¬ \n∂pw amdn tkh\߃ hy‡nIƒ°v Ah¿ B{Kln°pwhn[w cq]am‰tØmsS (form)\evIp∂Xpw CXns‚ ]cn[nbn¬s∏Spw.
3.11 s]mXpP\]cmXn kwhn[m\wHcp°¬
s] mX p DØchm Z nØßf p wtkh\ßfpw \evIp∂ ÿm]\ambXn\m¬ Xt±i`cW ÿm]\ßfn¬s]mXpP\߃°v AhcpsS ]cmXn]dbm\pw AXp ]cnlcn°m\papffkwhn[m\w Bhnjv°cn°Ww. P\߃°v {]bmkßfpw BhemXnIfpw ]cnlcn°m≥ Bsc kao]n°Wsa∂v \n›bn°pIbmWv th≠Xv.Hmtcm Xcw ]cmXnbpw kzoIcn®p Xo¿∏m°m≥ \n›nX DtZymKÿsc NpaXes∏SpØWw. kwÿm\Xe]cmXn]cnlmc kwhn[m\ambHmw_pUvkvam≥, ss{S_qW¬ F∂nhbn¬ ]cmXnIƒ Ipdbm\pw Ahbn¬ \n∂pw BgØnepff Xo¿∏pIƒD≠mIm\pw AXp klmbn°pw. Xt±i`cWÿm]\Ønse `cWImcy£aXbpw tkh\w \¬Ip∂XnseKpW\nehmchpw sa®s∏SpØm\pw]cmXn]cnlmc kwhn[m\w KpWwsNøpw. Xt±i`cW A[y£\pwDtZymKÿta[mhnIfpw, ]uc∑mcpwDƒs∏Sp∂ sNdnb A∏o¬ IΩn‰n
Ifpw ]cmXn ]cnlmcØn\v D≠mIp∂Xv \∂v. AXv IqSp∂Xn\v IrXyamb CSthfIƒ \n›bn°Ww,\S]Sn{Iaßfpw BhnjvIcn°Ww.B[p\nI ÿm]\ßfn¬ ]cmXn]cnlmcw Imcy£aXm h¿≤\hn\pffA\pt]£Wobamb LSIamWv.P\ßfmWv Xt±i`cW kwhn[m\Ønse bPam\≥am¿ F∂Xv Dd∏n°p∂ H∂p IqSnbmWnXv.
3.12 DtZymKÿtijnbpw{]h¿Ø\coXnbpw sa®am°¬
Xt±i`cWÿm]\ßfpsS {]h¿Ø\߃ DtZymKÿ¿ hgnbmWvP\ßfnseØn°p∂Xv. `cW\n¿ΔlWØn¬ P\{]Xn\n[nIƒ°vA[nIw ]¶n√. AXn\m¬ tkh\߃ sa®s∏SpØWsa¶n¬ DtZymKÿcpsS tPmenIƒ hn`Pn®v \nPs∏SpØpIbpw \S]Sn{Ia߃ IrXyam°pIbpw GtIm]\kwhn[m\samcp°pIbpw thWw. DtZymKÿ IrXy\njvTbpw {]h¿Ø\tijnbpw sa®s∏SpØWw. AXn\pth≠n \S∏m°m≥ Dt±in°p∂ ]cnioe\߃,IqSnbmtemN\Iƒ, AhcpsS {]h¿Ø\ßsf kw_‘n® AhtemI\߃ F∂nh Fßs\ GXp CSthfIfn¬ BhnjvIcn°psa∂v CuJWvUØn¬ tcJs∏SpØWw.ssIam‰w sNøs∏´ FIvkv‰≥j≥DtZymKÿcpsS Hcp h≥\nc C∂pXt±i`cWÿm]\ßfnep≠ v .Ahsc F¥ns\ms° hn\ntbmKn°Wsa∂v BtemNn°Ww. DtZymKÿhrμsØ GtIm]n∏n°m\pw,AhcpsS Xmev]cyw t{]m’mlP\Iambn \ne\n¿Øm\pw tkh\߃\evIp∂Xnse ]nghpIƒ ]cnlcn®vta∑bpffXm°m\pw Dff {]mtbmKnI ]cn]mSnIfmWv Cu JWvUØn¬ hniZamt°≠Xv.
3.13 IpSpw_{io hgnbpffP\Iob tamWn´dnwKv
kv{XoAb¬°q´ßsf D]tbmKs∏SpØn, ]mhs∏´hsc e£yam°nXt±i`cWÿm]\Øns‚ {]h¿Ø\߃ sa®am°m\pff kwhn[m\hpw BhnjvIcn°Ww. P\ßfn¬G‰hpw Xmgv∂ hcpam\°mcpambnBfl_‘apff IpSpw_{io icnbmb P\IobA`n{]mbw Xt±i`cWÿm]\Øn\p \evIm≥ sIev]pffhcmWv. AhcpsS ]°epff hnhctiJcw Fßs\ D]tbmKs∏SpØmsa∂v BtemNn°Ww. Xt±i`cWØnse Imcy{]m]vXnbpw e£yw
t\Sepw anIhp‰Xm°m≥ CXp klmbn°pw. AXn\v IpSpw_{io kwhn[m\w D]tbmKn®v Fs¥√mw sNøWsa∂Xns\°pdn®v Cu JWvUØn¬ Dƒs∏SpØWw.
4 `cW ta∑ h¿≤n∏n°p∂a‰n\߃ Dƒs∏SpØmtam?
`cWta∑ h¿≤n∏n°p∂ F¥pwkZv`cW ]≤Xnbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØmw.ta¬hnhcn®Xv Hcp kqNI ]´nIam{XamWv. {InbmflIamb kZv`cW\n¿t±i߃ Xt±i`cW ÿm]\wkzbw apt∂m´phbv°pIbpw \S∏nem°pIbpamWv Cu ]≤XnsIm≠v Dt±in°p∂Xv.
\nbaßfneqsS krjvSn°s∏´{]mtZinI `cWkwhn[m\Øn\vB[mcamb \nbahyhÿIfnseAhy‡XIƒ, A]q¿ÆXIƒ, C√mbvaIƒ F∂nh Is≠Øn Ahbv°vss_emIƒ \n¿Ωn®v \nba]n≥_ewFßs\ h¿≤n∏n°msa∂Xns\°pdn®v kZv`cW ]≤Xnbn¬ Dƒs∏SpØp∂Xv \∂v. \qX\ {]h¿Ø\taJeIfn¬ CSs]Sm\m{Kln°p∂Xt±i`cW ÿm]\Øn\v ss_em\n¿ΩmWØneqsS B {]h¿Ø\Øn\v \nba{]m_eyw D≠m°mw.AXpt]mse H´\h[n \qX\ Imcy߃ kZv̀ cW ]≤Xnhgn \S∏m°mw.
5 D]kwlmcwNpcp°Øn¬, Xt±i`cWÿm]
\Ønse AgnaXn Ipdbv°m\pw\yq\]£ßsfbpw ]m¿izh¬°cn°s∏´hscbpw kv {XoIsfbpw`cWXocpam\ßfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØm\pwAhcpsS Dƒs∏Spج D]cnπhambBtem N\Ifn¬ HXp°n \n¿ØmsXkºq¿Æ ]¶mfnØam°m\pw Xt±i`cW \nbahyhÿIfnse hnSthmAhy‡XItfm ]cnlcn°m\mbnss_em \n¿Ωn°p∂Xn\pw kpXmcyX h¿≤n∏n°m\mbn ]uc≥ Bhiys∏SmsX P\߃°p G‰hpwIqSpX¬ hnhc߃ e`yam°m\pwF√m hn`mKw BfpIfpsSbpwXmev]cyw kwc£n°m\pw kahmbØn¬ Xocpam\ØnseØm\pw `cWImcy£aXbv°pw ^e{]m]vXnbv°pth≠nbpw kab_‘nXambnFs¥√mw sNøpsa∂mWv kZv`cW]≤Xnbn¬ D≠mtI≠Xv.
teJI≥
Xr»q¿ Inebn¬
sset{_dnb\mWv
54 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
`qan-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn `qansb Ic-
`mKw, IS¬ F∂n-ßs\ {][m-\-
ambpw c≠mbn Xcw Xncn-°m-hp-∂-
XmWv. Ch-bn¬ Ic-`m-KsØ ]¿ΔX-
߃, ae-Iƒ, ]oT-`q-an-Iƒ. ka-X-e-
߃, Xmgvh-c-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[
D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fmbn th¿Xn-cn®v a\-kn-
em-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw. AtXm-sSm∏w
Pe-Øns‚ Hgp-°n-s‚bpw hym]-\-Øn-
s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw {]tZ-i-
ßsf sNdp hn`m-K-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-
°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂-XmWv. ag-bpsS
^e-ambn `qan-bn¬ sh≈w ]Xn®p
Ign-™m¬ Ah hnhn[ `qcq-]-ß-fn-
eq-sS-bmWv Hgp-Ip-∂Xv. `qan-im-kv{X-
L-S-I-ß-fmb Db¿®, XmgvN, Ncnhv,
aÆns‚ kz`mhw, ]md-bpsS LS\,
`qhn-\n-tbmKw F∂n-h-bpsS kzm[o-\-
Øn¬ s]´v hnhn-[-ÿ-e-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-
bn-cn°pw Pew Xmtg°v Hgp-Ip-∂Xv
Db¿∂ `q`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Xmgvh-c-
I-fn-tebv°v Pew Hgp-Ip-∂-co-Xn-Iƒ°-
\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw sNdp-Nmep-Ifpw
]pg-Ifpw tXmSp-Ifpw \Zn-Ifpw cq]-
s∏-Sp-∂Xv. hnhn-[ ÿe-ß-fn¬ \n∂p
¤-hn-°p∂ At\Iw sNdp Nmep-Iƒ
tN¿∂m-bn-cn°pw \Zn-Iƒ DS-se-Sp-°p-
∂Xv.
`qan-bnse Ic-`m-KsØ \o¿®m-ep-
I-fp-sSbpw tXmSp-I-fp-sSbpw \Zn-I-fp-
sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnhn[ {]tZ-
i-ß-fmbn th¿Xn-cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv.
\o¿ØS߃ AYhm \o¿a-dn-Iƒ
hn. kp`m-jvN-{μ-t_mkv
teJ\]c-ºc˛6
Hcp {]tZ-iØp \n∂pw kzX-{¥-ambpw
BZy-ambpw D¬`-hn-°p∂ \oscm-gp°v
Nmens\ ""H∂mw \nc-Nm¬'' (Firstorder stream) F∂p ]d-bp∂p. kzX-
{¥-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ c≠v
H∂mw\nc- Nm-ep-Iƒ as‰-hn-sS-sb-
¶nepw h®v HØp tN¿∂v Hgp-Ip-hm≥
XpSßpw. c≠v H∂mw \ncNm-ep-Iƒ
HØp tN¿∂v H∂mbn Hgp -Ip∂
Nmens\ ""c≠mw \nc Nmep-Iƒ'' (IInd
order stream) F∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.
CtX coXn-bn¬ c≠mw \nc-Nm-ep-Iƒ
cs≠Æw tN¿∂v aq∂mw \nc-Nmepw
˛ aq∂mw \nc- Nm-ep-Iƒ tN¿∂v \memw
\nc-Nmepw \memw \nc-Nm-ep -Iƒ
tN¿∂v A©mw \nc-Nm-ep-apƒs∏sS
hnhn[ \nc-I-fn-em-bn-´mWv Nmep-Iƒ
ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. henb Hcp \Zn Nne-
t∏mƒ A©mw \ncsbm as‰m Bbn-
cn°pw.
Hcp \Znbn¬ Ah-bn-te°v Pew
FØn-°p∂ hnhn[ sNdp-Nm-ep-Ifpw
tXmSp-Ifpw ImWm-hp-∂-XmWv. sNdp-
Nm-ep-Iƒ apX¬ \Zn-Iƒ hsc-bp≈
hnhn[ \nc-I-fn-ep≈ Hmtcm \oscm-gp-
°n\v Np‰pw Ah-bn-te°v Pew hcn-
Ibpw Ah-bn¬ \n∂pw Pew hym]n-
°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ `q`mKw Hmtcm
\oscm-gp-°n\p Np‰pw ̀ qan-bn¬ th¿Xn-
cn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. Aßs\ sNdp-Nm-
ep-Iƒ apX¬ \Zn-Iƒ hsc-bp≈
GsX-¶n-ep-samcp \oscm-gp-°n\p Np‰pw
Ah-bn-te-°p≈ \oscm-gp-°p-{]-tZ-i-
߃ th¿Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™m¬
Aßs\ th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ {]tZ-i-
ßsf Nmen-s‚tbm, \Zn-bp-sStbm
\o¿Ø-S-߃ F∂v ]d-bm-hp-∂-XmWv.
hn`-P-\-tcJ F∂¿∞w hcp∂
Wassershied (hmk¿joZ v) F∂
P¿Ω≥ ]Z-Øn¬ \n∂v watershedF∂ {]tbm-K-Øns‚ D¤hw, \o¿
adn-{]-tZiw, \o¿a-dn-Iƒ, Pe-t{ZmWn,
Pe-hm-l-I-{]-tZ-i-߃ XpS-ßnb
hnhn[ t]cp -Ifpw D]-tbm -Kn®p
hcp∂p.
Pew Xmc-X-tay\ Db¿∂ `q`m-K-
ß-fn¬ \n∂v Xmtg-°mWv Hgp-Ip-∂Xv.
Pew Hgp-Im-\m-cw-`n -°p∂ ÿew
apX¬ Ah-km\w FØn-t®cp∂
ÿew hsc (\Zn-Iƒ, tXmSp-Iƒ,
sNdp-Nm-ep-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS Pe-_-
ln¿K-a-\-ÿm\w As√-¶n¬ hnhn[
\oscm-gp-°p-Iƒ IqSn tNcp-∂ -ÿew)
{]kvXpX \oscmgp-°ns‚ \o¿Ø-S-
sa∂p ]d -bp∂p. \oc v AYhm
sh≈hpw, XSw As√-¶n¬ hym]-\-
{]tZ-ihpw IqSn tN¿∂v \o¿Ø-S-am-
Ip∂p. Hcp `q`m-KØv hnhn[ tXmSp-
Iƒ Ds≠∂p Icp-XpI. Hmtcm tXmSn-
\p-Np-‰p-ambn B tXmSn-te°v sh≈w
adn-bp∂p (`qan-bpsS apI-fn-eqsS) ̀ q{]-
tZiw `qan-bn¬ \ap°v th¿Xn-cn-°m-
hp-∂-XmWv. hnhn[ \oscm-gp-°n-te°v
Pew adn-bp-∂Xv a\- n-em°n \ap°v
55]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
Hcp {]tZ-iØns‚ \o¿ØS-Nn{Xw hc-bv°m-hp-∂-XmWv. hnhn[ \oscm-gp°p
{]tZ-i-ßsf XΩn¬ th¿Xn-cn-°p∂
Db¿∂ `q`m-KØp IqSn \ap°v \o¿a-dn-tcJ (\o¿hn-`m-PnI) hc-bv°p-hm≥
Ignbpw.
\o¿adn tcJ-bm-bn-°-W-°m-°p∂
Db¿∂ `q`mKw apX¬ Xmgvh-c-Iƒ
hsc (\oscm-gp-°ns‚ _ln¿K-a-\-ÿm\w) bp≈ {]tZ-i-amWv \o¿Ø-S-
ambn IW-°m-°p-∂Xv. \o¿a-dn- tcJm-
{]-tZ-i-ßfpw a‰pw {]Ir-Xym-bp≈AXn-cp-I-fmWv. Hmtcm \oscm-gp-°n-\p-
Np‰pw \o¿a-dn -tcJ, Pe hym]\
{]tZiw, _ln¿K-a-\-ÿm\w F∂nh]cn-K-Wn®v {]Ir-Xym¬ th¿ Xn-cn-°-
s∏-Sp∂ `q{]-tZ-i-ß-fmWv sNdpXpw
hep-Xp-amb \o¿ØS-߃. Hcp sNdnbNmen-\p-Np‰pw Nmen-te°v sh≈w adn-
bp∂ `q{]-tZiw `qan-bn¬ th¿Xn-cn®v
a\-kn-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-™m¬ B
{]tZ -isØ Nmens‚ \o¿ØSw
AYhm \o¿adn {]tZiw F∂v ]d-bm-
hp-∂-XmWv. Nmen\p Np‰p-am-sW-¶n¬
kq£va \o¿ØS-sa∂pw \Zn°p Np‰p-
am-sW-¶n¬ h≥\o¿ØSw As√-¶n¬
\Zo-X-S-sa∂p hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.
Hcp h≥ \o¿Ø-SsØ Ah-bnse
\Zn-bpsS irwJ-e-bn¬ hcp∂ Hmtcm
sNdptXmSn-s‚bpw Nmen-s‚bpw ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ {]tZ-i-ßfpw th¿Xn-
cn°mw. Aßs\ IW-°m-°n-bm¬
At\Iw sNdp \o¿Ø-S-߃ tNcp∂
henb irwJ-e-bmWv h≥ \o¿Ø-S-
߃.
Hcp h≥ \o¿Ø-S-Øn¬ At\Iw
sNdp \o¿Ø-S-߃ ImWp-∂-XmWv.
Hmtcm \o¿Ø-S-Ønepw Nmen\v/
tXmSn\v/\Zn°v/Ah-bn-te°v Pew
tiJ-cn -°-s∏-Sp∂ {]tZiw (Pe
-{K-l-W-ta-Je), a‰p `uXnI LS-I-
߃°-\p-kr-X-ambn Pew BKn-cWw
sNøp∂ Pe hym]\ {]tZiw
(BtZi taJe), Ah-km\w Pew
HgpIn sN√p∂ Hcp s]mXp-_-ln¿ Ka-
\-ÿm\w (hncw-P\ taJe) F∂nh
D≠m-bn-cn°pw.
Hmtcm ̀ q`m-K-Ønepw e`n-°p-∂Xpw
hym]n -°p -∂-Xp -amb Pe-Øns‚
kzm[o-\-a\p-k-cn®v Ahn-SpsØ aÆv,
ssPh-k-ºØv F∂n-h-bn¬ Imcy-amb
kz`m-h-cq-]o-I-cWw ImWm-hp-∂-XmWv.
AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ Pe-Øns\ ]cn-
K-Wn-®p≈ \o¿Ø-S-߃°v {]m[m\yw
ssIh-cp-∂Xv Pe-Øns‚ e`y-X-bp-
sSbpw \oscm-gp-°n-s‚-bp-a-Sn-ÿm-\-
Øn¬ GsXmcp `q`mK -sØbpw
sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb \o¿Ø-S-ß-fn-
epƒs∏-SpØn {]tZ-i-ßsf th¿Xn-cn®v
a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. (XpScpw)
teJI≥
‘agtI{μw’ tÉv amt\PcmWv.
IqSpX¬ hnhc߃°v
Ph: 0471-2337002, Mob: 9847547881E-mail: [email protected]
tlm¿´n-Iƒ®¿ anj≥
hbepw hoSpw ]cº-cbv°v
t]cv \n¿t±-inbv°mw
2007 sk]v‰w-_¿ amkw Ah-km-\-hmcw apX¬ BIm-i-hm-Wn-bn¬
{]t£-]Ww Bcw-`n-°p∂ tlm¿´n-Iƒ®¿ anj≥ hbepw hoSpw
]c--º-cbv°v G‰hpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb t]cv \n¿t±-in-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah-
kcw \¬Ip-∂p. Irjn-°m¿°pw Irjnsb kvt\ln-°p-∂-h¿°pw
BIm-i-hmWn t{imXm-°ƒ°pw t]cv \n¿t±-in-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
G‰hpw an-I® t]cv \n¿t±-in-°p∂ hy‡n°v kwÿm\ tlm¿´n-
Iƒ®¿ anj≥ 3000 cq] Imjv Ahm¿Uv \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.
tXm´hnf-I-fp-sSbpw ^e-hr-£-hn-f-I-fp-sSbpw ImbvI-dn-I-fp-sSbpw
Irjnbpw kwkvI-c-Whpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bp≈
kwÿm\ tlm¿´n-Iƒ®¿ anjs‚ hnhn[ ]≤Xn-Isf A[n-I-cn-
®p≈ Cu ]c-º-cbv°v G‰hpw tbmPn® t]cv t]mÃv Im¿Un¬
FgpXn C\n ]d-bp∂ hnem-k-Øn-emWv Ab-bvt°-≠-Xv.
‘tlm¿´n-Iƒ®¿anj≥ hbepw hoSpw’c/o. tÃj≥ Ub-d-IvS¿, BIm-i-hm-Wn
Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ̨ 14.
t]cp-Iƒ Ab-bvt°≠ Ah-km\ XobXn Cu amkw 20 BWv
Hcp h≥ \o¿Ø-SsØAh-bnse \Zn-bpsSirwJ-e-bn¬ hcp∂
Hmtcm sNdptXmSn-s‚bpwNmen-s‚bpw
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈{]tZ-i-ßfpw
th¿Xn-cn°mw. Aßs\IW-°m-°n-bm¬
At\Iw sNdp \o¿Ø-S-߃tNcp∂ henbirwJ-e-bmWv
h≥ \o¿Ø-S-߃
56 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
]©m-bØv A°u-≠p-I-fn¬ kzoI-
cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv Imjv ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-
ep≈ knwKnƒ F≥{Sn k{º-Zm-b-
amWv. AXm-bXv, ]Ww e`n -°p -
tºmgpw \¬Ip-tºmgpw am{Xw A°u-
≠n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn. AXn-
\m¬ ]©m-b-Øns‚ Hcp ]W-an-S-
]mSpw Imjv _p°n\p ]pdØp \n¿Ø-
cpXv ˛ GXp t{kmX- n¬ \n∂p e`n-
®-Xmbmepw Imjv _p°n-en-√mØ
HcnS-]m-Sn\pw ]©m-bØv A°u-
≠n¬ CS-ap-≠m-hn√ Ft∂m¿°pI.
Imjv_p°v Ft∏mƒFgp-XWw?
Hmtcm CS-]mSp \S∂ DSs\
BZyw Imjv_p-°n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp -
ØpI. sN°v FgpXn sN°v Cjyq
cPn-Ã-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb tij-amWv
Imjv _p°n¬ Fgp-tX-≠Xv. Imjv
_p°nse Hmtcm F≥{Snbpw sk{I-
´dn C\n-jy¬ sNbvXv km£y-s∏-Sp-
ØWw.
ambv°-cpXv, ssh‰v ^vfqbnUvAcpXv
Imjv _p°ns\ "_p°v Hm^v Hdn-
Pn-\¬ F≥{Sn' F∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-
°p-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬ Imjv _p°n¬Fgp -Xn -b -Xn -\p -ta¬ Fgp -X -cpXv ,
ambv°-cpXv, ssh‰v ̂ vfqbnUv D]-tbm-
Kn-°-cpXv, t]∏¿ H´n-°-cpXv. sX‰pkw`-hn-®m¬ Hcp hc sIm≠v sh´n,
c≠p hcn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Npa∂ ajn-
sIm≠v FgpXn sk{I-´dn km£y-s∏-
Sp-ØWw. B[m-c-sa-gp-Xp-∂-h¿ sX‰p
kw`-hn-®m¬ ambv°p-Itbm ssh‰v
^vfqbnUv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Itbm H∂pw
sNøp-∂n-√t√m.
]©mbØv A°u≠v ˛ 2
DZ-b-`m\p It≠Øv
Imjv _p°v Fgp-Xp-∂-sX-ßs\?
Imjv _p°v Ft∏mƒ,Fßs\ t¢mkv sNøWw?
Imjv _p°v Zn\w{]Xn t¢mkv
sNøWw. k_vkn -Un -bdn Imjv
_p°pw C{]-Imcw t¢mkv sNøWw.
Zn\w{]Xn Imjv _me≥kv ]cn-tim-
[n-°Ww. Imjv _p°v t¢mkv sNbvX-
tijw sk{I-´dn H∏n´ v ko¬
hbv°Ww. Xmsg ImWn-°p∂ coXn-
bn -emWv Imjv _p°v Zn\w{]Xn
t¢mkv sN-tø-≠Xv (CS-]m-sSm∂pw
C√mØ Znhkw {]tXy-In-s®m∂pw
sNtø-≠-Xn√).
CStØ A‰w apX¬ hetØ
A‰w hsc \o´n hc-bv°p∂ c≠p hc-
Ifpw Npa∂ ajn-bn-em-bn-cn-°Ww.
Npa∂ ajn-bn¬ Xs∂-bmWv BsI
hchv, H´msI, BsI sNehv, H´msI
F∂nh Fgp-tX-≠Xv. {]mcw-`-_m°n,
\o°n -bn -c n∏ v F∂nh \oetbm
Idpt∏m ajn-bn¬ Fgp-XpI.
hchv ̀ mKØv e`n® "H´msI' F∂
XpI AXpt]mse sNehv `mK-tØ
bv°v ]I¿Øn Fgp -Xp -I -bmWv
th≠Xv (A√msX sNehv `mKØv
"H´msI' F{X-sb∂v ]pXp-Xmbn I≠p-
]n-Sn-°p-I-b√).
amkm-¥y-Øn¬amkm¥y {]hrØn Znhkw
]Xnhp-t]mse Imjv_p°v t¢mkv
sNbvX v , amkm -¥y -t¢m -knwK v
_me≥kv hni-I-e\w tcJ-s∏-SpØn,
Imjv _p°v
hchv sNehv
1 2 3 xxxxxxxxxx 11 12 13 xxxxxxxx... ..... ......... ............ ... ... ....... ............
..... ......... ............ ... ....... ............... ....... ............... ....... ............... ....... ............... ....... ............
BsI ......... BsI
hchv ......... sNehv ............{]mcw-`-_m°n ......... \o°n-bn-cn∏v ............
H´msI ......... H´msI ............
57]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
{Sjdn/_m¶v dn°¨kn-en-tb-j≥
tÉp-sa‚ v Xøm-dm-°Ww. CtXmsS
Imjv_p-°nse Hcp amksØ CS-]m-
Sp-Iƒ°v hncm-a-ambn.
hm¿jnI A°u-≠n-tebv°vFØp∂ coXn
Imjv _p°n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb
hc-hp-Iƒ hchp cPn-Ã-dnepw sNe-hp-Iƒ sNehp cPn-Ã-dnepw ¢mkn-^n-
t°-j≥ {]Imcw Fgp-Xp∂p. (CXn\p
Nne A]-hm-Z-ß-fp≠v; AXv ]n∂oSp]dbmw). C{]-Imcw Hcp amksØ CS-
]m-Sp -Isf kwt£-]n-°p-∂-XmWv
{]Xn-amk A°u≠v; Hcp h¿jsØCS-]m-Sp-I-fpsS kw{KlamWv hm¿
jnI [\-Imcy tÉvsa‚ v.
Imjv sNÃv, Imjy¿,A°u-≠‚ v
F√m ]©m-b-Ønepw Hcp Imjv
sNÃv thWw. X\Xp ̂ ≠n¬ \nt∂m
hnI-k\ ^≠n¬ \nt∂m XpI hI-
bn-cpØn ImjvsNÃv hmßmw. U_nƒ
tem°p≈ Imjv sNÃv Npa-cntem Xd-
bntem Dd-∏n-°Ww.
Imjv Bbn ]©m-b-Øn¬ \o°n-
bn-cp-∏p≈ apgp-h≥ XpIbpw Imjv
sNÃn¬ kq£n-°Ww. 12.4.2006 se
Pn.H(]n)/177/^n≥ ˛ \º¿ DØ-c-hp-
{]-Imcw {Kma-]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v 10,000
cq]bpw a‰p Xt±-i-kz-bw-̀ -cW ÿm]-
\-߃°v 25,000 cq]-bp-amWv A\p-hZn-
®n-´p≈ ]c-am-h[n Imjv _m-e≥kv.
CXn¬ IqSp-X¬ Imjv _me≥kv
h∂p t]mbm¬ B XpI FhnsS
kq£n°pw F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v {]k-
‡n-bn√, A{]-Imcw kw -̀hn-®-Xn-\p≈ImcWw hni-Zo-I-cn-t°≠n hcp-sa∂p
am{Xw.
]©m-bØv Xocp-am-\-sa-SpØv Hcp
DtZym -K -ÿs\ Imjy¿ Bbpw
as‰mcp DtZym-K-ÿs\ A°u-≠‚ v
Bbpw \ma-\n¿t±iw sNøWw; C°m-
cy-Øn¬ Hm^okv DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-
hn-°p-Ibpw thWw. F√m ]Wan-S-
]mSpw Imjy¿ Xs∂ ssIImcyw
sNøWw. Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬ a‰m-sc-sb-
¶nepw, Bh-iy-ap≈ ka-bØv, klm-
b-Øn\pw \ntbm-Kn°mw. ]©m-b-
Øns‚ ]W-an-S-]mSp-Iƒ ]e-hy-‡n-
Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-∂Xv A`n-e-j-
Wo-b-a√.Imjv ssIImcyw sNømØ
Bfm-bn -c n -°Ww A°u-≠‚ v .
A°u-≠‚ v BWv Imjv_p°pw
_‘-s∏´ F√m cPn-Ã-dp-Ifpw ssI
Imcyw sNtø-≠Xv. A°u-≠‚ns‚
klm-b-Øn\v, Bh-iy-sa-¶n¬,a‰m-sc-
sb¶nepw \ntbm-Kn°mw. F√m sN°p-
Ifpw A°u-≠‚ v Xs∂ Fgp-Xp-∂-
XmWv icn-bmb coXn. Imjv ssI
Imcyw sNøp∂ Bfm-bn-cn-°-cpXv
Imjv_p°v Fgp -Xp -∂Xv F∂Xv
A¥m-cm-{„-X-e-Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-
s∏´ {]am-W-amWv.
hc-hp-Iƒ ˛ IfIvj≥X\Xp ^≠n-\p≈ {Sjdn/_m¶v
A°u-≠n¬ AS-b vt°-≠-Xmb
\nIpXn ˛ \nIp-Xn-tb-Xc hc-hp-Ifpw
EW-io¿j-°-W°p XpI-I-fp-amWv
If-£-\n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂Xv.If-£-\n¬
Dƒs∏-SmØ hc-hp-Isf hyXy-kvX-amb
coXn-bn¬ ssIImcyw sNøWw.
Hmtcm hc-hn\pw ckoXv \¬ IWw.
]pdta ]ncn-hn\p t]mIp∂ DtZym-K-
ÿcpw Hm^o-kn¬ ]Ww kzo I-cn-
°p∂ Imjydpw ckoXv \¬In ]ncn®
XpI-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Htc Xcw
_p°n-emWv. Hu v́tUm¿ Hm^o-tkgvkv
If-£≥ _p°v F√m Hu´vtUm¿
Hm^o-tkgvkv If-£≥ _p°p-I-fn¬
\n∂p≈ XpI-Iƒ Imjy¿ kq£n-
°p∂ If-£≥ cPn-Ã-dn¬ ¢mkn-^n-
t°-j≥ {]Imcw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.
C{]-Im-c-ap≈ samØw If-£≥ H‰
XpI-bmbn "If£≥ cPnÿ {]Imcw
e`n® If£≥' Fs∂-gpXn Imjv_p-
°n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. hchp cPn-Ã-
dn¬ Cu XpI ¢mkn-^n-t°-j≥
{]Imcw Fgp-Xn-t®¿°Ww.
a‰p hc-hp-IƒHmtcm hc-hn\pw ckoXp \¬I-W-
sa∂ Imcyw If-£-\n¬ Dƒs∏-SmØ
hc-hp-Iƒ°pw _m[-I-amWv. F∂m¬
{Sj-dn-bn¬ \n∂v _n¬ {]Imcw e`n®
XpI-Iƒ°v ckoXv \¬tI-≠-Xn√.
as‰√m hc-hp-Iƒ°pw (DZm: Zmcn{Zy
eLq-I-c-W-bq-Wn‰v, kºq¿Æ ipNn-Xz-
an-j≥, inip-hn-I-k\ ]≤Xn Hm^o-
k¿, a‰p Xt±-i-kzbw`c-W-ÿm-]-\-
߃ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \n∂p e`n-°p∂
sN°p-Ifpw {Um^v‰p-Ifpw, Xncn®p
hcp∂ s]≥j≥ aWn Hm¿U¿ XpI-
Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh) ckoXv \¬ IWw.
C{]-Imcw ckoXv \¬Im-sXbpw
\¬Inbpw e`n® apgp-h≥ hc-hp-Ifpw
Imjv_p-°n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp -ØWw.
¢mkn-^n-t°-j≥ {]Imcw hchp
cPn -Ã-dn¬ Fgp -Xn -t®¿°p-Ibpw
sNøWw.
kzoI-cn-°msX Xncn®p hcp∂aWn-Hm¿U¿
aWn-Hm¿U¿ ssI∏-‰msX XncnsIe`n -°p∂ s]≥j≥ XpI-Iƒ°v
t]mÃvamÃ-dpsS t]cn¬ ckoXv Fgp-
XWw. ckoXv \¬tI-≠-Xn√; aWn-Hm¿U¿ Iq∏-Wns‚ IqsS kq£n-
®m¬ aXn. C{]-Imcw e`n® XpI
]©m-b-Øns‚ hc-h√; sNe-hn-ep≈Ipd-hmWv. AXn-\m¬ GXp slUv-
Hm^v A°u-≠n-emtWm s]≥j≥
sNe-sh-gp-Xn-bXv AtX slUn¬ CuXpI ssa\kv F≥{Sn-bmbn sNehv
cPn-Ã-dn¬ t]mÃv sNøWw.
If-£≥ {Sj-dn-bn¬/ _m¶n¬AS-bv°p-∂Xv
e`n® If -£≥ sXm´ -SpØ
{]hrØn- Zn-hkw {Sj-dn-bn¬/_m¶n¬
AS-bv°Ww. Imjv _p°ns‚ sNehp
`mKØv Imjv tImf-Ønepw hchp
`mKØp {Sjdn As√-¶n¬ _m¶v
tImf-Ønepw FgpXWw. CsXmcp
sNethm hcthm A√; tIm¨{Sm
F≥{Sn-bmWv. AXn-\m¬ ¢mkn-̂ n-t°-
j≥ "kn'.
sNe-hp-IƒHmtcm sNe-hn\pw Hcp _n¬
thWw. FXv Xcw _n¬ Bbmepw
(DZm: iº-f-_n¬, h¿°v _n¬, {Sj-
dn-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°m-\p≈ _n¬, tI{μm-
hn-jvIr-X-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°p≈ _n¬)
_n¬ cPn-Ã-dn¬ tcJ-s∏-SpØn _n¬
\-º¿ \¬IWw. Hcp h¿j-tØ°v
XpS¿®-bm-bn-´m-bn-cn°pw _n¬ \º¿
\¬IpI (DZm: 1/2007˛-08; 254/2007-˛08).
sNehp sNbvXp Ign™ _n√ns\
hu®¿ F∂p ]d-bp∂p. _n√n¬
\n∂p sNehp sNøp-tºmtgm, hnX-c-
W-Øn\v k_vknUn-bdn Imjv _p°n-
te°p am‰p-tºmtgm hu®¿ \º¿
\¬In Imjv _p°n¬ Fgp-Xp∂p.
hu®¿ \º-cns‚ {Iaw Hcp amk-tØ
bv°p XpS¿®-bm-bn-´mWv (DZm: 1-˛4/
2007; 1-˛5/2007).
Hmtcm sNehpw ¢mkn-^n-t°-j≥
{]Imcw sNehv cPn-Ã-dn¬ Fgp-XWw.
F∂m¬ "dh\yq do^≠v' (AXm-bXv
GsX-¶nepw \nIp-Xntbm, ^otkm
hmS-Itbm at‰m ]q¿Æ-amtbm `mKn-
Iamtbm Xncn®p \¬Ip-∂Xv) tcJ-s∏-
Sp-tØ≠ hchp cPn-Ã-dn¬ _‘-s∏´
slUn\p Iogn¬ ssa\kv F≥{Sn-bm-
bn -´mWv. ¢mkn -^n -t°-j≥ "kn'
(tIm¨{Sm-F≥{Sn). ImcWw, CsXmcp
sNe-h√; hc-hn¬ Ipdhv am{X-amWv.
58 ]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
km[m-c-W-bmbn hc-hp-Iƒ hchp
cPn-Ã-dnepw sNe-hp-Iƒ sNehp cPn-
Ã-dnepw Fgp-Xp∂p. CXn-\p≈ A]-
hm -Z -ß-fpsS DZm -l-c -W-ß-fmWv
Xncn®p hcp∂ s]≥j≥ aWn Hm¿U¿
XpIbpw, dh\yq do^≠pw.
sN°v k{º-Zm-b-ØnsesNe-hp-Iƒ
X\Xp ^≠n¬ \n∂pw tI{μm-hn-
jvIrX ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°p≈ ^≠n¬
\n∂pw sNehp sNøp-∂Xv sN°v
aptJ-\-bmWv. Nne sNe-hp-Iƒ°p-
th≠n sk¬^v sN°n amdn Imjv
hnX-cWw sNøp∂p; a‰p sNe-hp-Iƒ
°v I£n-Iƒ°v sN°v \¬Ip∂p.
sk¬^v sN°vsk¬^v sN°v FgpXn ]Ww
]n≥h-en-°p-∂Xv sNe-h√. AXn-\m¬
sk¬^v sN°n\v hu®¿ \º¿
\¬I-cpXv. sNehp `mKØv {Sjdn
AYhm _m¶v tImf-Ønepw hchp
`mKØv ImjvtIm-f -Ønepw XpI
Fgp-XpI. ¢mkn-^n-t°-j≥ "kn'
(tIm¨{Sm-F≥{Sn).
F∂m¬ sk¬^v sN°v Fgp-Xp-
∂-Xn\p apºv _n¬ Fgp-Xn-Ø-øm-dm-
°n -bn -cn -°Ww. Cu _n√p-I-fn¬
t]bvsa‚ v \S-Øp-tºmtgm, AYhm
Imjv hnX-c-W-Øn\p th≠n Cu
_n¬ XpI-Iƒ k_v kn-U-bdn Imjv
_p°n-te°p am‰p-tºmtgm am{X-amWv
Cu _n√p-Iƒ°v hu®¿ \º¿ e`n-
°p-∂Xv.
If-£≥ {Sj-dn-bntem _m¶n tem
AS-bv°p-tºmgpw sk¬ v̂ sN°v amdn
]Ww e`n-°p-tºmgpw ]©m-b-Øns‚
\o°n-bn-cn-∏n\v am‰-sam∂pw kw -̀hn-°p-
∂n√. BZysØ Imcy-Øn¬ Imjv
C≥ lm≥Uv, Imjv A‰v {Sjdn/_m¶v
Bbn-Øo-cp∂p. c≠m-asØ Imcy-
Øn¬ t\tc-a-dn®pw.
_n√pw HmX-ssd-tk-j\pwsN°v FgpXn sNehp sNøp-∂-
Xn\m¬ Nne sNe-hp-Iƒ°v (DZm:
Cμncm Bhmkv tbmP\, kºq¿Æ
ipNnXzw) _n¬ th≠ F∂p Icp-Xp-
∂-h-cp≠v. AXv sX‰mWv. GXp-Xcw
sNe-hn\pw _n¬ thWw. Htc slUv
Hm^v A°u-≠n¬ \n∂v \nc-h[n
t]¿°v sN°p-Iƒ \¬Ip-I-bm-sW-
¶n¬ Hcp _n¬ aXn F∂p am{Xw.
Hcp sNehpw {]kn-U‚ v A[n-Ir-
X-am -°msX \S-Ø-cpXv. do^≠v
BsW-¶nepw A{]-Imcw Xs∂ _n¬
Xøm-dm°n, ]mkv Hm¿U¿ sk{I-´-
dnbpw HmX-ssd-tk-j≥ {]kn-U‚pw
H∏n-SWw ({Sj-dn-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂
_n√p-I-fpsS \S-]Sn {Iaw hyXy-kvX-
amWv; AXn-s\-∏‰n {]tXyIw {]Xn-]m-
Zn-°p-∂p≠v) AXn-\p-ti-jta sN°v
FgpXn sk{I-´dn H∏n-Smhq.
sk{I-´-dn-bpsS Npa-XesUen-tK‰v sNø¬
{]kn-U‚ns‚ tcJm-aq-e-ap≈ kΩ-
X-tØmsS, Hm^okv Hm¿U¿ hgn
Xs‚ GsX-¶nepw Npa-Xe at‰-sX-
¶nepw DtZym -K -ÿ\v sUen-tK‰v
sNøm≥ 1994˛se tIcf ]©m-bØv
cmPv \nb-a-Ønse 184-˛mw hIp∏v
sk{I-́ -dn°v A[n-Imcw \¬Ip-∂p≠v.
C{]-Imcw sUen-tK‰v sNbvXn-´n-s√-
¶n¬ Imjv _p°pw sN°v _p°pw
A°u≠pw kw_-‘n® ]cn-]q¿Æ
ta¬t\m´ Npa-Xe sk{I-́ -dn-bv°mWv.
dn°-hdn D≈ _n√p-IƒsN°v k{º-Zm-b-Øn-ep≈ sNe-hp-
I-fn¬ Imjv Bbn hnX-cWw \S-Øp-
tºmgpw sN°v I£n°p \¬Ip-
tºmgpw dn°-hdn D≠mhmw. iºf
_n√pw h¿°v _n√pw DZm-l-c-W-߃
({Sj-dn-bn¬ ka¿∏n--°p∂ _n√p-I-
fnse dn°-hdn hyXy-kvX-amb coXn-
bn-emWv ssIImcyw sNtø-≠Xv.
AXn-s\-∏‰n {]tXy-I-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-
°p-∂p≠v.)
iºf _n¬XpI hnX-c-W-Øn-
\mbn k_vkn-U-bdn Imjv _p-°n-
se°p am‰p-tºmƒ Imjv _p°n¬
sNe-hp-`m-KØv Imjv tImf-Øn¬
BZy-h-cn-bn¬ s\‰v XpIbpw c≠m-
asØ hcn-bn¬ samØw dn°-hdn
XpIbpw Fgp-Xp∂p. c≠p XpIbpw
IqSn tNcp-tºmƒ t{Kmkv XpI-bmbn.
Cu XpI-bv°mWv ¢mkn-^n-t°-j≥
Fgp-XpI. CtX XpI sNehp cPn-Ã-
dnepw Fgp-Xp∂p.
Hmtcm dn°-hdn XpIbpw {]tXy-I-
ambn Imjv _p°n¬ hchp `mKØv
Imjv tImf-Øn¬ Fgp-Xp∂p; ¢mkn-
^n-t°-j≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p; hchv
cPn-Ã-dn¬ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
sN°v aptJ\ h¿°v _n¬XpI
Icm-dp-Im-ct\m I¨ho-\¿t°m \¬
Ip-I-bm-sW-∂n-cn-°s´. sN°v XpI
Imjv_p-°n¬ sNehp ̀ mKØv {Sjdn
AYhm _m¶v tImf-Øn¬ Fgp-Xp∂p.
samØw dn°-hdn XpI AtX-h-cn-bn¬
Imjv tImf-Ønepw Fgp-Xp∂p. Ch-
bpsS BsI XpI-bmWv _n√ns‚
t{Kmkv XpI. Cu t{Kmkv XpI-
bv°p≈ ¢mkn-^n-t°-j≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂p; t{Kmkv XpI sNehv cPn-Ã-
dn¬ Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
XpI hnX-cWw sNbvX-Xn-\p≈
sXfn-hmbn {]tXyI AIzn -‰≥kv
cPnÃ-dntem, hu®-dntem hu®-dn-t\m-
sSm∏w kq£n-°p∂ cko-Xntem
I£n-bpsS XobXn sh® H∏v hmß
Ww. 5000 cq]bv°p apI-fn -ep≈
XpIbv°v dh\yq Ãmºv H´n-°Ww.
AIzn-‰≥kv cPn-Ã-dn¬ Hmtcm Znh-
khpw hnX-cWw sNbvX XpIbpw B
Znh-ksØ \o°n-bn-cn∏pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-
ØWw. C{]-Im-c-ap≈ Imjv hnX-c-W-
Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ , AIzn-‰≥kv cPn-
ÿ {]Imcw Hcp Znhkw Hcp _n√n¬
\n∂p hnX-cWw sNbvX samØw XpI
H‰ F≥{Sn-bmbn k_vkn-U-bdn Imjv
_p-°n¬ Fgp-Xn-bm¬ aXn. samØw
XpI hnX-cWw sNbvXp Ign-™m¬
sk{I-´-dn -bpsS H∏n-t∑¬ Hmtcm
hu®dn-s‚bpw AIzn-‰≥kv t¢mkv
sNøWw.
k¿°m-cn¬ \n∂p e`n-°p∂ ̂ ≠v
hc-hp-Ifpw _n¬ k{º-Zm-b-Ønse
sNe-hp-Ifpw ASpØ teJ-\-Øn¬
]cn-tim-[n°mw.
ChnsS Hcp hm°v: ]e ]©m-b-
Øp-I-fp-tSbpw _m¶v A°u-≠p-I-
fpsS FÆw hfsc IqSp-X-emWv.
X\Xp-^-≠n\v kl-I-c-W-_m-¶nepw
tZi-km¬Ir-X-_m-¶nepw Hmtcm
tkhnwKvkv _m¶v A°u≠v aXn-
bmIpw. X\Xp ̂ ≠n-\p≈ a‰v A°u-
≠p-Iƒ \n¿Ø-em-°p-∂-XmWv \√Xv.
Id‚ v A°u≠v hgn ]eni \jvS-s∏-
Sp -Øp-∂-Xn\pw Hcp \ymb-hp-an√.
{]tXyI ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v {]tXyI
A°u-≠p-Iƒ th≠n hcp -sa∂
Imcyw hnkva-cn-°p-∂n√. At∏mgpw
Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn°v Hcp _m¶v A°u≠v
aXn.
te-J-I≥
GPokv Hm^o-kn¬ \n∂pw
ko\nb¿ HmUn‰v Hm^o-k-dmbn
hnc-an-®p.
Ct∏mƒ HmUn‰v I¨kƒ´‚m-Wv.
samss_¬: 9447454221
Edited and Published by A. Ajith Kumar IAS, Director of Panchayats, Govt. of KeralaThiruvananthapuram - 695 033 and Printed at Gramalakshmi Mudralayam, Kanjikode, Palakkad.
59]©mbØv cmPv BKÃv 2007
hn`h kam-l-cWw
ka{K {Kma hnI-k-\-Øn\v
{Kma hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Nme-I-i-‡n
P\-]-¶m-fn-Øhpw
]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS kº-Øp-amWv
hn`h kam-l-c-W-Øn\v
]©m-b-Øp-I-fp-ambn kl-I-cn-°pI!
]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v \¬tI≠
hnhn-[-bn\w \nIp-Xn-Iƒ
^okp-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh bYm-k-abw \¬IpI!
{Kma-hn-I-k-\-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-bm-hpI!
]ng-]-en-i, P]vXn, t{]mkn-Iyq-j≥ XpS-ßnb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ
Hgn-hm-°m≥ ]©m-b-Øp-I-fp-ambn kl-I-cn-°pI
]ªn-kn‰n hn`mKw, ]©m-bØv hIp∏v
]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ{]mtZ-inI k¿°m-cp-I-fm-WvAhsb i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpI