P1 Motivation
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Motivation for Solar Power Generation S Sundar Kumar Iyer EE 698i Solar Photovol taic Technol ogy Presentation - 1 Updated: 30.12.2014 Energy/Power Status in India • India was t he f ourth-largest energy consumer – After China, th e United States, and Russia i n 2011, – Country has notable fossil fuel resources – But the country is increasingly dependent on en ergy imports. • India had 249 GW installed electr icity genera tion capac ity – Connected to the national netw ork in early 2014 – Mostly coal-powe red plants. – Insufficient f uel supply, pow er generation & tran smission capac ity, – the country su ffers from a severe electricit y shortage – Rolling blackouts. http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=IN Analysis Last Updated: June 26, 2014
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solar cell motivation with india context
Transcript of P1 Motivation
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Motivation forSolar Power Generation
S Sundar Kumar IyerEE 698i Solar Photovoltaic Technology
Presentation - 1
Updated: 30.12.2014
Energy/Power Status in India India was the fourth-largest energy consumer
After China, the United States, and Russia in 2011, Country has notable fossil fuel resources But the country is increasingly dependent on energy imports.
India had 249 GW installed electricity generation capacity Connected to the national network in early 2014 Mostly coal-powered plants. Insufficient fuel supply, power generation & transmission capacity, the country suffers from a severe electricity shortage Rolling blackouts.
http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=INAnalysis Last Updated: June 26, 2014
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ElectricityElectricity(Billion Kilowatthours)
Previous Year Latest Year
India Asia & Oceania World Rank India
Net Generation 885.75 7,682 20,254 5 974.88
Net Consumption 698.94 7,060 18,501 5 757.95
Installed Capacity (GWe) 207.72 1,903 5,086 5 237.90
Total from Consumption of Fossil Fuels
1,752.68 14,310 32,155 3 1,830.94
Data last updated: May 30, 2013http://www.eia.gov/countries/country-data.cfm?fips=IN
World Electricity Generation
0
4
8
12
16
20
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Elec
tric
ity G
ener
atio
n tr
illio
n kW
h/ye
ar)
world
India
Data from: www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/
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India Electricity Generation
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Elec
tric
ity G
ener
atio
n (b
illio
n kW
h / y
ear)
Data from: www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/
Linear extrapolationwill mean generationwill be 1.2 trillion kWhGeneration by 2020
Electricity Generation (per capita)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Per
Capi
ta El
ectr
icity
G
ener
atio
n (kW
h/da
y)
Data from: www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/
world
India
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GDP and Energy Consumption
Data from: www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/ and www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
0 20 40 60 80 100Per Capital Energy Consumption (kW-hr/day/person)
Per
Capi
ta G
ross
D
om
estic
Pr
odu
ct(U
S$ pe
r pe
rso
n) USA
Luxemburg
Norway
Iceland
UAE
Ireland
India(1.6, 3290)
Quality of Life vs. Energy Usage
3500
4500
5500
6500
7500
8500
0 20 40 60 80 100Per Capita Energy Consumption (kWh per day)
Qual
ity of
Li
fe In
dex
India(1.6, 5759)
Quality of Life Index out of a maximum of 10,000
IcelandIreland
NorwayUSA
UAE
Data from: www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/ and www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf
Energy usage needed for good quality of life with todays life-style
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Potential in Electricity Generation
Linear extrapolation 1.2 trillion kWh Generation by 2020
World per-capita energy generation parity 3 trillion kWh per year (at least)
Maximise quality of life index 6 trillion kWh per year (at least)
How is this electricity to be generated?
Back of the envelope calculations:
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Source: Indias CEA.
Source MegawattsCoal 147,568Natural Gas 22,608Petroleum and other liquids
1,200
Hydroelectricity 40,662Nuclear 4,780Other renewables 31,692Total 248,509
India utility-based installed power capacity
May 2014
Finite Supply of Fossil Fuel
http://www.roperld.com/science/energy.htm
109
MBt
u
Total
Coal
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
300
200
100
0
50
150
250
1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
Year
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Carbon Dioxide Emission
http://www.cutco2.org/
Global Temperature and CO2http://www.razor-gator.com/CarbonPhotos/carbon_dioxide_in_atmosphere.jpg
Temperature Change
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Melting of Glaciers
http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/11/13/world/20101114ICE-6.html
As Glaciers Melt, Scientists Seek New Data on Rising Seas By JUSTIN GILLISPublished: November 13, 2010 Greenlands Helheim Glacier
Green House Effect
http://www.cutco2.org/
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Green House Effect
http://www.worldviewofglobalwarming.org/pages/rising-seas.php
How To Meet Energy Needs? Fossil and nuclear fuels are costly
If we include the environmental costOne (obvious) option The sun shines on everyone
Ideal for distributed power generation and remote locations
Tap solar energy directly Ideal for distributed power generation More environmentally friendly
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19
Annual Mean Global IrradianceOn a horizontal plane at the surface of the earth W m-2 averaged over 24 h
With 10% efficient solar cell area of solar cell needed in 2013India 110 km 110 km (0.4 % area)
Goswami 2000
Motivation for Solar Energy Increase energy availability per capita
Improved quality of life Finite supply of fossil fuels
Increasingly difficult to extract Greenhouse effect and climate change
Tap into solar energy directly Renewable Distributed production Inherently a sustainable and stable approach
