O P T I C A L F I B E R

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER TECHNIQUES ENGINEERING / NETWORKDIJLAH UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

1 .Mustafa Ahmed Qasem

Prep

are

stud

ents

2014 - 2015

3 .Hamid Obaid Jassim 2 .Noor Mowaffaq Mohammed

CONTENT

DEFINITION OPTICAL FIBERWHY OPTICAL FIBER

MANUFACTURING

OPTICAL FIBER FROM INSIDETYPES OF OPTICAL FIBEROPTICAL FIBER VS COPPER

DEFINITION OPTICAL FIBER

An Optical Fiber Is A Flexible, Transparent Fiber Made By Drawing Glass (Silica) Or Plastic To A Diameter Slightly Thicker Than That Of A Human Hair Optical Fibers Are Used Most Often As A Means To Transmit Light Between The Two Ends Of The Fiber To Find Wide Usage In Fiber-optic Communications

FIGURE (1) The Size Of The Optical Fiber With A Finger Human

Back to Home

WHY OPTICAL FIBER

1. The high cost of cables to presence of the substance of copper in addition to the always exposed to theft.

2. Permanent need for repeaters to overcome the decay (Attenuation the cable) and on the close distances up to 40 kilometers at best.

3. Bandwidth available small even for coaxial cables containing broadband (Wideband Coaxial Cables) can through which even using different complications limited number of channels send.

Back to Home

OPTICAL FIBER FROM INSIDE

Back to Home

• An Optical Fiber Is Made Of Three Sections :– The Core Carries The Light Signals– The Cladding Keeps The Light In The Core– The Coating Protects The Glass

5

CladdingCore

Coating

FIGURE (2) OPTICAL FIBER FROM INSIDE

TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER

Back to Home

• Single-mode fiber–Carries light pulses

generated by laser along single path

• Multimode fiber–Many pulses of light

generated by LED travel at different angles

FIGURE (3) TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER

TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER

Single mode fiber Multi mode fiber Core radius is small. Supports one mode of propagation. Optical source- LASER. The launching of optical power into

fiber is difficult Because the core radius is small.

Supports larger bandwidth. Intermodal dispersion is absent. Used for long distance communication.

Core radius is large.Supports hundreds of modes.Optical source- LED.The launching of optical power into fiber is easier Because the core radius is large.Supports lesser bandwidth.These fiber suffer from Intermodal dispersion.Used for short distance communication.

Comparison (1) Between Single Mode Fiber And Multi Mode Fiber

TYPES OF OPTICAL FIBER

FIGURE (4) TYPES OF REFRACTIVE INDEX FOR CORE THE OPTICAL FIBER

Back to Home

OPTICAL FIBER VS COPPER OPTICAL FIBER COPPER CONDUCTOR

1. More capable of carrying information where the bandwidth is almost 50THZ where the largest Bandwidth needs for broadcast television does not exceed 6MHZ

2. Slimmer than copper (Suppose diameter 0.635 cm )

3. Less weight than copper wire (Suppose weight 3.6 kg (

4. Less loss of the optical signals transmitted

5. There are not overlap In signals6. Non-flammable 7. You need less energy from

generators8. Maintenance hardest

1. less capable of carrying information from optical Fiber

2. Larger size than optical fiber (Suppose diameter 7.62cm )

3. More weight than the optical fiber (Suppose weight 94.5 kg (

4. loss more of the electrical signals that Sending

5. Suffer from overlap In signals6. Flammable7. You need more than power generators8. Maintenance easier

Comparison (2) Between Optical Fiber And Copper Conductor

MANUFACTURING Pass in three main stages

Back to Home

PREFORM

PULLING

TEST

MATERIALS

OPTICAL FIBERFIGURE (5) MAIN STEPS MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

MANUFACTURING

Back to Home

FIGURE (6) STEPS MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

MANUFACTURING

Pure Silica Glass TubePure Silica Glass Tube

MANUFACTURING

Modified Chemical Vapour Deposition (MCVD) :Oxygen () Is Passed On Chemical Compound Of Silicon Chloride And Chloride Germanium And Other Chemicals Through A Tube Made Of Silica Which Installer Above Burner () Where Cause High Temperatures In Occurrence Of Two Things :-

MANUFACTURING

Silicon Chloride () And Germanium Chloride () Reacts With Oxygen () To Form Oxide Silicon

And Oxide Germanium

FIGURE (7) INTERACTION PROCESS SILICON AND Germanium WITH OXYGEN

MANUFACTURING

Deposition Of Oxide Silicon And Oxide Germanium On The Tube Wall From The Inside And Merge Together To Form The Desired Raw Glass Which Can Be Controlled With A Purity And Qualities Of Glass Formed By Controlling Mixture.

FIGURE (8) THE COMPONENT DEPOSITION PROCESS

MANUFACTURING

Now The Fiber Is Withdrawn From These Raw Cylinder And Put Them In The Clouds Tool Where Raw Glass Come Down In An Carbon Oven That Temperature Of 1.900 To 2.200 C° . Begins The Introduction In Melt . Even Dissolved Is Come Down By The Influence Of Gravity Once Downfall It Cooled And Formed Strand Optical

MANUFACTURING

These Strand Are Pulled By Tractor

MANUFACTURING

Continuous Measurement Of The Radius By Using A Laser Micrometer

MANUFACTURING

Coating Cup 1 & 2

MANUFACTURING

Furnace For Processing Infra-rays (UV)

MANUFACTURING

Fiber Is Tested In Terms Of :

1. Refractive Index2. Geometric Shape Especially Radius3. Afford To Flatten4. Dispersion Of Light Signals Through It5. Information-carrying Capacity6. Tolerated Temperature7. The Possibility Of Connecting Underwater Light

MANUFACTURING

FIGURE (9) DEVICE TO MANUFACTURING OPTICAL FIBER

Thank You