Foredrag for virke nettverk samfunnsansvar (strategisk samfunnsansvar)
”Oljenæringens samfunnsansvar – et innlegg om holdninger, verdier og bedriftsfilosofi”
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Transcript of ”Oljenæringens samfunnsansvar – et innlegg om holdninger, verdier og bedriftsfilosofi”
”Oljenæringens samfunnsansvar – et innlegg om holdninger, verdier og
bedriftsfilosofi”
Desemberkonferansen 2008
Gro Skaaren-Fystro, TI [email protected]
Corruption Perception Index 2008
1Denmark 9,3 61New Zealand 9,3 61Sweden 9,3 64Singapore 9,2 95Finland 9,0 65Switzerland 9,0 67Iceland 8,9 57Netherlands 8,9 69Australia 8,7 89Canada 8,7 6
11Luxembourg 8,3 612Austria 8,1 612Hong Kong 8,1 814Germany 7,9 614Norway 7,9 6
Hva skyldes fallet på årets indeks?
Økt bevissthet om korrupsjon i Norge
Det blir ikke gjort nok verken i offentlig eller privat sektor for å bøte på problemet
Examples of corruption in Norway Vannverksaken Oslo Kommune-saken Drammen Kommune-saken Gardermoen-saken Mannesmann/Statoil-saken UNICEF-saken Røde Kors-saken Statoil/Horton-saken Veritas-saken Ullevål-saken Finance Credit OVDS-saken SINTEF-saken Vinmonopolet Legeerklæringer Matvarekjedene Forsvaret Midtåsen-saken Båtsertifikat-saken
Listen er mye lenger…..
Sectors most prone to bribery
Public works/construction Arms and defence Oil and gas Real estate/property Telecoms Power generation/transmission Mining
Source: TI Bribe Payers Index
PROMOTINGREVENUETRANSPARENCY
What is the Project about?
Transparency can change resource curse in to a blessing
Project Objectives:
1. To measure revenue transparency performance and diagnose areas for improvement.
2. To develop broad standards for revenue transparency. 3. To support the use of the revenue transparency standards and
measures of performance by companies, rating agencies, investors, government regulators and civil society.
Companies Report
Method Desk study Based on publicly available information Increased coverage: 42 companies in 21 countries of
operation Indicators (framework): made adjustments to first one but kept
comparability Addressed feedback from first iteration: context, refine
questions, id N.A. Developed special SOE section Increased Anti-Corruption
Participatory: early company engagement in Method refinement Data validation
Project Governance
Reference ( Advisory ) Group Partners (TI,PWYP,RW) Industry Associations/Companies Governments Investors Rating Agencies EITI Secretariat Experts (industry, measurement, etc.)
Working Group ( max 15 participants) TI Project Partners Measurement Experts Industry Associations of Company Reps / Governments Rep Country implementers EITI Secretariat
Expert Task Forces for concrete tasks Project Management
ADVICE
MULTISTAKEHOLDER
GUIDANCE
MULTISTAKEHOLDER
The questionnaire
Amerada Hess, Exxon Mobile, Chevron, Devon, Conoco Philips, Marathon
Nexen, Talisman Petro Canada,
Sonatrach
Sonangol
BHP Billiton, Woodside
Petrobras
Pedevesa
CNPC, CNOOC, Petrochina, Sinopec
SNPC
Pemex
GEPetrol
Total
ONGC
Pertamina
NIOC
Eni
Inpex
Kazmunaingaz
KPC
Petronas
NNPC
Statoil
Gazprom, Rosneft, Lukoil
Aramco
Repsol
Shell
BP, BG
Qatar
COUNTRIES of OPERATION Algeria India Nigeria Angola Indonesia Norway
Azerbaijan Iran Qatar Brazil Kazakhstan Russia China Kuwait Saudi Arabia Congo Brazzaville Malaysia US -(and Gulf of Mexico) Equatorial Guinea México Venezuela
COMPANIES REPORT 2007: COMPANY COVERAGE (per Home Country)
If comparissons were valid...
46%23%
52%25%
43%56%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
Average Score
POLICY
MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCE
IOC and NOC results for policy, management systems and performance
NOC
IOC
19%27%
42%52%
58%16%
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PAYMENTS
OPERATIONS
ANTI-CORRUPTIONEFFORTS
NOC
IOC
Average company score
POLICY, 46%
POLICY, 23%
MANAGEMENT, 52%PERFORMANCE
(unweighted), 31%
PERFORMANCE (unweighted), 39%
MANAGEMENT, 25%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140%
IOC
NOC
POLICY MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE (unweighted)
Group
IOCs and NOCs that Operate outside their home country
(in alphabetical order (1))NOCs in their home territories
(in alphabetical order (1))
CharacteristicsH
IGH
BG Group, BHP Billiton, Nexen*, Petro-Canada*, Shell,
StatoilHydro*, Talisman Energy*, Petrobras*
China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
Ltd. (ONGC), Petróleos Méxicanos (Pemex)*, Petrobras*, PetroChina, Sinopec,
StatoilHydro*
High IOC performers: • Some disclose payments systematically on a country-by-country basis, others disclose in a few selected countries. • Go beyond existing mandatory regulations applicable to them• Have different strengths in different areas of transparency: operations, anti-corruption efforts and operations. • Further improvement for this group means reaching full country by country disclosure, namely in all countries of operation; and for some, increased disclosure of anti-corruption efforts. High NOC performers:• Disclosure revenue at home or are listed• Provide information about their regulatory structure and procurement practices• Further improvement for this group means increased disclosre of anti-corruption efforts and of policies in all areas of transparency.
MID
DLE
BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Devon Energy, Eni, Hess,
Marathon Oil, Repsol YPF, Woodside
Gazprom, KazMunaiGaz (KMG), National Iranian Oil Company, Nigerian National
Petroleum Company (NNPC), Petronas*, Qatar Petroleum*, Rosneft, Sonatrach
Middle IOC performers: • Disclose revenues mainly by geographical area and only in a few selected countries of operation • Further improvement for this group means upgrading country by country disclosure aiming at covering all countries of operation and increased disclosure of anti-corruption efforts
Middle NOC performers:• Disclose relatively little about revenue payments and anti-corruption efforts• Further improvement for this group means increased reporting on policy and management systems, and improved reporting on all areas of revenue transparency, particularly for non-listed companies
LOW
China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), China
National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), ExxonMobil, INPEX,
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, Lukoil, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. (ONGC),
Petronas*, Total*
China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), GEPetrol, Kuwait Petroleum
Corporation, Pertamina*, Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA), Saudi Aramco, Société Nationale des Pétroles du Congo (SNPC),
Sonangol
Low IOC performers: • Disclose only by geographical segment and provide almost no additional information relevant to revenue transparency • Further improvement for this group requires increased reporting on all areas of revenue transparency Low NOC performers:• Disclosure is relatively absent in the areas of revenue payments and anti-corruption efforts, whether in terms of reporting on policy, management systems or performance • Further improvement for this group requires increased reporting on all areas of revenue transparency at all levels of implementation.
* Indicates a company that used the opportunity to review its data
(1)Companies are listed alphabetically in each group. Sequencing in each group is therefore unrelated to relative performance within that section.Source: Transparency International 2008 Report on Revenue Transparency of Oil and Gas Companies . Results are weighted by context. Each grouping is determined according to tercils.
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Policy
Per
form
ance
Poor performance disclosure
Better performance than policy
Better policy than performance
Good policy and performance
IOCs and NOCs outside their home jurisdictions
Some policy, some performance
Looking at our more detailed results and with respect to IOCs and NOCs outside their home jurisdictions, discrepancies are significant between public policy and actual performance disclosure…
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Policy
Per
form
ance
NOCs home operations
Good policy and performance
Poor policy and performance
Medium to good performance, irrespective of policy
…whereas policy appears to matter less with NOCs operating at home.
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Policy
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form
ance
IOCs and NOCs outside their home jurisdictions
Based on our report, our long-term objective should be to move companies from official policy up to actual performance…
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IOCs and NOCs outside their home jurisdictions
Payments
Ope
ratio
ns…and to make disclosure of payments a standard element in disclosure of operations…
Recommendations
Oil and gas companies should proactively report in all areas relevant to revenue transparency on a county-by-country basis.
Home governments and appropriate regulatory agencies should require revenue transparency reporting for the operations of their companies at home and abroad.
Governments from oil and gas producing countries should urgently introduce regulations that require all companies operating in their territories to make public all information relevant to revenue transparency.
Regulatory agencies and companies should improve the accessibility, comprehensiveness and comparability of reporting on all areas of revenue transparency by adopting a uniform global reporting standard.
Challenges
First integrated and systematic approach to companies: no body said it was easy.
Creating and sustaining engagement with stakeholders is challenging: tradeoffs, courage, the meaning of collaborative approach.
Delicate exercise of power balancing: keeping perspective, the meaning of multi-stakeholder approach; dynamics within the actors.
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) Lansert av Tony Blair i 2002 EITI fastsetter internasjonale og aktørspesifikke
åpenhetsstandarder innenfor utvinnings-industrien Internasjonalt multi-stakeholder initiativ som involverer
Betalere av inntekter (selskaper) Mottakere av inntekter (myndigheter) Brukere av informasjon (sivilsamfunnet) Giverland IMF, Verdensbanken, EBRD Investorer
EITI-kriteriene
1. Regulær publisering av alle materielle betalinger fra olje-, gass- og gruveselskaper til myndighetene og alle inntekter myndighetene mottar fra olje-, gass- og gruveselskaper.
2. Alle betalinger og inntekter (som nevnt over)skal være gjenstand for en kredibel og uavhengig revisjon hvor internasjonale regnskapsstandarder blir benyttet.
3. Betalinger og inntekter skal sammenstilles av en uavhengig administrator som benytter internasjonal regnskapsstandard. Administratorens konklusjoner skal publiseres.
EITI-kriteriene
4. Kriteriene gjelder alle selskaper også statseide selskaper.
5. Det sivile samfunn skal være aktive som deltager i utformingen, overvåkningen og evalueringen av prosessen og skal også bidra i den offentlige debatten.
6. En offentlig og finansiell bærekraftig arbeidsplan for alle punkter nevnt over skal fremlegges av myndighetene. Arbeidsplanen skal inkludere målbare størrelser, en tidsplan for implementering og en vurdering av mulige kapasitetsbeskrankninger.
.
Business Principles for Countering Bribery
Selskapet skal forby bestikkelser i alle former enten direkte eller indirekte.
Selskapet skal iverksette et anti-korrupsjonsprogram
.
Elementer i et anti-korrupsjonsprogram Gjøre ansatte kjent med relevante lovbestemmelser
som gjelder for korrupsjon både hjemme og i aktuelle land
Innfør etiske retningslinjer og følg opp med kurs og opplæring,
Etabler internkontroller og rutiner for å avdekke uregelmessigheter
Innfør et kontaktpunkt for varsling – gjerne eksternt Undersøk korrupsjonsrisiki i aktuelle markeder