东北农业大学网络教育学院大学英语第二册作业题（2014更新版）

一、单项选择题1. Last year the advertising rate ______ by 20 percent.　A raised 　　 B aroused 　　 C arose 　　 D rose 2. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were ____ and many houses

collapsed.　A wrecked 　　 B spoiled 　　 C torn 　　 D injured 3. As ______ announced in today's papers. The Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.　A being 　　 B is 　　 C to be 　　 D been4. Manufacturing companies spend millions of pounds trying to convince customers that their products are ___________ to those of others. A. better B. best C. super D. superior5. It has been suggested that we ___________ the authorities. A. not wait for B. would not wait for C. will not wait for D. must not wait for 6. If you get lost just ask one of the _________ for directions. A. locals B. individuals C. colleagues D. principles7. The detectives made a _______ search of the suspect's house. A whole B thorough C deep D solid8. It rained a few times during our holiday but on the _______ the weather was fine. A whole B rule C general D total9. Mr. and Mrs. Allen both have good jobs, so they must be ______. A well up B well off C well over D well on10. He believed in conventional behavior which ________ to the highest standards. A confirmed B confronted C conformed D affirmed11. According to the contract he had signed, John had a (an) _______ to pay the bank on the first day of every month. A obligation B duty C responsibility D ethics12. The men had to _______ all their strength to lift the tree from the ground. A exhaust B reinforce C harness D exert13. The _________ is working on the house today, A carpenter B plumber C mason D electrician14. The neighbors do not consider him quite _________ as most evening he awakens them with his drunken singing. A respectful B respectable C respected D respective15. You must walk through the underground_________ to get across that busy street A way B road C passage D route16. When was _______ the government decided to move the citizens out of the downtown area?

A. that what B. that which C. it that D. it which17. -Excuse me, Sir! Could you tell me the way to Tianfu Square?

-Sorry, but I’m a stranger here as well.-_________.

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A．Thanks, anyway. B．It doesn’t matter.C．Never mind. D．No problem.

18. The number of people in the world _________ about 6 billion and large quantities of waste ________ each year.A．total; has been produced B．totals; is produced C．totals; are produced D．total; are being produced

19. Jim’s close _______ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.A. alike B. likely C. likeness D. dislike

20. The husband and wife run their own business near the entrance to the park. They do a(n) _____trade in souvenirs and gifts.

A. lovely B. lively C. active D. busy21. “I can't your rudeness any more，leave the room，”shouted Mary． A．put up to B．put up from C．put up into D．put up with22. The ________to the moon took the astronauts three days. a. trip b. way c. journey d. flight23. I'm very busy, so I can't _______that problem with you for the moment. a. discuss b. quarrel c. answer d. explain24. These trees cannot be grown in such a cold ________as ours. a. weather b. climate c. season d. space25. Please _______ in ________ front of the classroom.

A. seat, the B. be seated, the C. sit, / D. sit down, the 26. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _____. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed27. It's getting warmer. It's time to _____ your fur coat. A. put down B. put away C. put up D. put aside28. ----You look _________. Take a rest. ---The work is really _______.

A. like tired, tiring B. like tire, tiring C. tired , tired D. tired, tiring 29. It was careful _________ the official ________ the secret to the spy.

A. for , not to let out B. of , not let out C. that, didn’t let out D. of , not to let out30. When he came in, I stopped ____ to talk to him. A. to work B. for work C. for working D. working31. The little man was _______ one metre fifty high.　A almost more than 　　 B hardly more than 　 C nearly more than 　　 D as much as 32. As ______ announced in today's papers. The Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.　A being 　　 B is 　　 C to be 　　 D been33. I'd rather read than watch television ; the programs seem ________ all the time.

A to get worse 　　　 B to be getting worse 　　C to have got worse 　 D getting worse

34. I ___________ what this has to do with the argument. A. failed to seeing 　　 B . failed to see

　C. confused with seeing D. confused about seeing35. __________ wasn’t believed until the fifteenth century that the earth revolves around the sun. A. It B. What C. That D. Such 36. A photo should be _________ to the application form. A. attached B. combined C. connected D. surrounded37. As you are sixty-three years old, you are _______ for this job.

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A improper B inconvenient C mistaken D unsuitable38. ______ terrible weather we had last week! A What a B How C What D What an39. Mr. and Mrs. Allen both have good jobs, so they must be ______. A well up B well off C well over D well on40. You do not have to go to the lecture, because the attendance is ________. A elective B optional C choice D representative41. The men had to _______ all their strength to lift the tree from the ground. A exhaust B reinforce C harness D exert42. We finally abandoned our efforts to save the old building when it became clear that the owner really wanted to

________. A tear it down B knock it over C pull it off D put it down43. _________ of this country' s abundance in natural resources.

A Little we know B Little did we know C Little we did know D Little we had know

44. Being a pupil with a low IQ, Henry could _________ little of what the teacher was saying in class. A take on B take in C take up D take for45. The _________ is working on the house today, A carpenter B plumber C mason D electrician46. No tricks are allowed ____ the performers are skilled enough to perform safely. A．unless B．if C．once D．after47. Don’t be too rude to old Jack. Never in his life _______ in that way.　 A．has he spoken to B．has he been spoken to 　 C．he has spoken to D．he has been spoken to48. It will take us another five years _______ the construction of all the 121 roads is completed.

A. when B. since C. before D. after49. Students, who are better at class, always _______ more attention on what the teachers teach them than those who are

not good at it. A. pay B. draw C. fix D. attract50. The _________ of geese was flying through the sky in perfect formation following its leader.

A. flock B. crowd C. herd D. swarm 51. “I can't your rudeness any more，leave the room，”shouted Mary． A．put up to B．put up from C．put up into D．put up with52. The ________of the clock showed that it was time for dinner. A. hands B. fingers C. numbers D. arms53. The taxi driver was badly ________when his car crashed into a wall. A. pained B. hit C. hurt D. wound54. I don't _______why he 's so angry with us. A. believe B. understand C. think D. suppose55. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _____. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed56. It's ____ impossible for us to finish the task within half a month. A. very B. rather C. quite D. much57. Tom, as far as I know, ______ like to eat fish. A. seems B. looks C. is D. does58. It was careful _________ the official ________ the secret to the spy.

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A. for , not to let out B. of , not let out C. that, didn’t let out D. of , not to let out59. When he came in, I stopped ____ to talk to him. A. to work B. for work C. for working D. working60. When and where to build the new hotel __________ yet.

A. won’t be decided B. hasn’t been decided C. hasn’t decided D. haven’t decided

61. Last year the advertising rate ______ by 20 percent.　A raised 　　 B aroused 　　 C arose 　　 D rose 62. The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were ____ and many houses

collapsed.　A wrecked 　　 B spoiled 　　 C torn 　　 D injured 63. _____ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.　A On 　　 B By 　　 C At 　　 D Of 64. It so happened ___________ there was no one in the house at the time of the accident. A. but B. why C. what D. that 65. The bomb attack caused __________ condemn all over the world. A. social B. universal C. vital D.personal66. Keep the medicine out of the ___________ of the children. A. reach B. mind C. hands D. trouble67. The detectives made a _______ search of the suspect's house. A whole B thorough C deep D solid68. ______ is careless when disposing of his garbage. A Man who B Man C It is man D The man who69. "You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don't you?" "No, officer, I _______. This car can't do more than 80 (mph)." A needn't have been B may not have been C didn't need to be D couldn't have been70. He believed in conventional behavior which ________ to the highest standards. A confirmed B confronted C conformed D affirmed71. According to the contract he had signed, John had a (an) _______ to pay the bank on the first day of every month. A obligation B duty C responsibility D ethics72. _______ of half-starving wolves were roaming the snow-covered mountainous area. A Flocks B Herds C Packs D Swarms73. An iron and steel works together with some satellite factories _________built here. A will B is to be C is being D are to be74. You must walk through the underground_________ to get across that busy street A way B road C passage D route75. _________ , and James, too, ceased smoking. A Did not answer Ian B When Ian did not answer C Ian did not answer D Not did Ian answer76. When was _______ the government decided to move the citizens out of the downtown area?

A. that what B. that which C. it that D. it which77. -Excuse me, Sir! Could you tell me the way to Tianfu Square?

-Sorry, but I’m a stranger here as well.-_________.A．Thanks, anyway. B．It doesn’t matter.

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C．Never mind. D．No problem.78. The number of people in the world _________ about 6 billion and large quantities of waste ________ each year.

A．total; has been produced B．totals; is produced C．totals; are produced D．total; are being produced

79. Jim’s close _______ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.A. alike B. likely C. likeness D. dislike

80. Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can heart disease and cause high blood pressure． A．contribute to B．relate to C．attend to D．devote to81. I like the city, but I like the country better ______ I have more friends in the country.

A. in that B. for that C. with that D. at that 82. The government lost a great deal of ________because of the large increase in food prices. a. strength b. support c. power d. progress83. The letter I had been anxiously waiting for ________me just now. a. arrived b. received c. reached d. got to84. I'm very busy, so I can't _______that problem with you for the moment. a. discuss b. quarrel c. answer d. explain85. Please _______ in ________ front of the classroom.

A. seat, the B. be seated, the C. sit, / D. sit down, the 86. Please lend me a hand. Don't just ____ by. A. stand B. go C. pass D. look87. It's getting warmer. It's time to _____ your fur coat. A. put down B. put away C. put up D. put aside88. ----You look _________. Take a rest. ---The work is really _______.A. like tired, tiring B. like tire, tiring C. tired , tired D. tired, tiring 89. "How about taking a walk?" " Oh, I think it's ____ cold for a walk." A. very much B. too much C. much too D. so much90. We must ____ speaking English more often. A. practise B. use C. promise D. mean91. The little man was _______ one metre fifty high.　A almost more than 　　 B hardly more than 　 C nearly more than 　　 D as much as 92. As ______ announced in today's papers. The Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.　A being 　　 B is 　　 C to be 　　 D been93. I'd rather read than watch television ; the programs seem ________ all the time.

A to get worse 　　　 B to be getting worse 　　C to have got worse 　 D getting worse

94. I ___________ what this has to do with the argument. A. failed to seeing 　　 B . failed to see

　C. confused with seeing D. confused about seeing95. __________ wasn’t believed until the fifteenth century that the earth revolves around the sun. A. It B. What C. That D. Such 96. A photo should be _________ to the application form. A. attached B. combined C. connected D. surrounded97. As you are sixty-three years old, you are _______ for this job. A improper B inconvenient C mistaken D unsuitable

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98. ______ terrible weather we had last week! A What a B How C What D What an99. Mr. and Mrs. Allen both have good jobs, so they must be ______. A well up B well off C well over D well on100. You do not have to go to the lecture, because the attendance is ________. A elective B optional C choice D representative101. The men had to _______ all their strength to lift the tree from the ground. A exhaust B reinforce C harness D exert102. We finally abandoned our efforts to save the old building when it became clear that the owner really wanted to

________. A tear it down B knock it over C pull it off D put it down103. _________ of this country' s abundance in natural resources.

A Little we know B Little did we know C Little we did know D Little we had know

104. Being a pupil with a low IQ, Henry could _________ little of what the teacher was saying in class. A take on B take in C take up D take for105. The _________ is working on the house today, A carpenter B plumber C mason D electrician106. No tricks are allowed ____ the performers are skilled enough to perform safely. A．unless B．if C．once D．after107. Don’t be too rude to old Jack. Never in his life _______ in that way.　 A．has he spoken to B．has he been spoken to 　 C．he has spoken to D．he has been spoken to108. It will take us another five years _______ the construction of all the 121 roads is completed.

A. when B. since C. before D. after109. Students, who are better at class, always _______ more attention on what the teachers teach them than those who

are not good at it. A. pay B. draw C. fix D. attract110. The _________ of geese was flying through the sky in perfect formation following its leader.

A. flock B. crowd C. herd D. swarm 111. “I can't your rudeness any more，leave the room，”shouted Mary． A．put up to B．put up from C．put up into D．put up with112. The ________of the clock showed that it was time for dinner. A. hands B. fingers C. numbers D. arms113. The taxi driver was badly ________when his car crashed into a wall. A. pained B. hit C. hurt D. wound114. I don't _______why he 's so angry with us. A. believe B. understand C. think D. suppose115. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _____. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed116. It's ____ impossible for us to finish the task within half a month. A. very B. rather C. quite D. much117. Tom, as far as I know, ______ like to eat fish. A. seems B. looks C. is D. does118. It was careful _________ the official ________ the secret to the spy.

A. for , not to let out B. of , not let out C. that, didn’t let out D. of , not to let out

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119. When he came in, I stopped ____ to talk to him. A. to work B. for work C. for working D. working120. When and where to build the new hotel __________ yet.

A. won’t be decided B. hasn’t been decided C. hasn’t decided D. haven’t decided

121. The little man was _______ one metre fifty high.　A almost more than 　　 B hardly more than 　 C nearly more than 　　 D as much as 122. As ______ announced in today's papers. The Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.　A being 　　 B is 　　 C to be 　　 D been123. You see the lightning _____ it happens , but you hear the thunder later.　 A the instant 　　 B for an instant 　　 C on the instant 　　 D in at instant 124. A large __________ of women return to work after having a baby. A. company B. organization C. percentage D. faculty125. People have lived in this valley since ___________ times. A. remote B. present C. ancient D. permanent126. It so happened ___________ there was no one in the house at the time of the accident. A. but B. why C. what D. that 127. As you are sixty-three years old, you are _______ for this job. A improper B inconvenient C mistaken D unsuitable128. ______ terrible weather we had last week! A What a B How C What D What an129. "You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don't you?" "No, officer, I _______. This car can't do more than 80 (mph)." A needn't have been B may not have been C didn't need to be D couldn't have been130. You do not have to go to the lecture, because the attendance is ________. A elective B optional C choice D representative131. The men had to _______ all their strength to lift the tree from the ground. A exhaust B reinforce C harness D exert132. I was told that this sweater would not _______ in the wash but it has. A dwindle B shrink C decrease D contract133. _________ of this country' s abundance in natural resources.

A Little we know B Little did we know C Little we did know D Little we had know

134. Being a pupil with a low IQ, Henry could _________ little of what the teacher was saying in class. A take on B take in C take up D take for135. An iron and steel works together with some satellite factories _________built here. A will B is to be C is being D are to be136. No tricks are allowed ____ the performers are skilled enough to perform safely. A．unless B．if C．once D．after137. I' m sorry. I can' t give you the telephone number without Mr. Smith's A. permission B. allowing C. agreement D. performance138. The concert by Lang Lang was so well that all the tickets had been sold out on the first

three days last month.A．received B．recognized C．admitted D．taken

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139. When I ______ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me. A. woke up B. took to C. picked up D. came to

140. Students, who are better at class, always _______ more attention on what the teachers teach them than those who are not good at it.

A. pay B. draw C. fix D. attract141. Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can heart disease and cause high blood pressure． A．contribute to B．relate to C．attend to D．devote to142. The taxi driver was badly ________when his car crashed into a wall. a. pained b. hit c. hurt d. wound143. You'll be paid ________money if you work late tonight. a. extra b. much c. a lot of d. many144. I don't _______why he 's so angry with us. a. believe b. understand c. think d. suppose145. It's getting warmer. It's time to _____ your fur coat. A. put down B. put away C. put up D. put aside146. It's ____ impossible for us to finish the task within half a month. A. very B. rather C. quite D. much147. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _____. A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed148. "How about taking a walk?" " Oh, I think it's ____ cold for a walk." A. very much B. too much C. much too D. so much149. When and where to build the new hotel __________ yet.

A. won’t be decided B. hasn’t been decided C. hasn’t decided D. haven’t decided

150. We must ____ speaking English more often. A. practise B. use C. promise D. mean

二、阅读理解 1. 　Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own

brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest . No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies axial orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently, the becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are

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his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. 1. The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that__________. A custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behavior B the study of social orders can replace the study of custom C people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world outlook D custom has little to do with our ways of thinking 2. Which of the following is true according to John Dewey? A An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born. B Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probings of a group of people. C An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born. D Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual. 3. The world "custom" in this passage most probably means__________. A the concept of the true and the false of a society B the independently developed social orders C the adjustment of the individual to the new social environment D the patterns and standards of behavior of a community 4. According to the passage a person's life, from his birth to his death,________. A is constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his people B is predominated by traditional custom C is continually influenced by the habits of other communities D is chiefly influenced by the people around him 5. The author' s pump in writing this passage is ________. A to urge individuals to follow traditional customs B to stress the strong influence of customs on an individual C to examine the interaction of man and axial customs D to show man' s adjustment to traditional customs2. Each child has his individual（个人的）pattern of social, as well as physical, development. Some of it depends on his home life and his relationships with the people who love him. Children in large families learn how to get along with others through normal brother- sister play and tussles （打斗）. An only child, on the other hand , may have to learn his lessons in social living through hard experiences on the playground or in the classroom. Twins who always have one another to lean on may be slow in responding to others because they do not need anyone else.　　A child who is constantly scolded and made to feel he does everything wrong may have a difficult time developing socially. He may be so afraid of displeasing the adults around him that he keeps to himself （where he can’t get into trouble）or he may take the opposite route and go out of his way to create trouble. Like the deserted child, he too may return to infantile （幼稚的）pleasures, developing habits that will satisfy him, but create barriers（障碍）toward social contact.6．Which of the following may have effect on children’s paten of social development?　　A. Age.　　　　　　　　　　　　　B. Education　　C. Home life.　　　　　　　　　　 D. Gender（性别）7．The passage implies that which of the following may have the earliest time learning to get along with others?　　A. An only child　　　　　　　　　 B. A child from a large family　　C. Twins　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. Children who are continually scolded8．Which of the following is implied by the passage?　　A. Too much scolding of children may make their social development difficult.　　B. All children developed in the same ways.

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　　C. Children who are constantly scolded may learn to get along with others quickly.　　D. Deserted children often exhibit quicker social development.9．We can inferred from the passage that________.　　A. continual scolding is not harmful to the child.　　B. continual scolding holds back healthy social development.　　C. continual scolding has no effect on obeying orders.　　D. continual scolding has no effect on physical development10．Where does the passage say the only child learns his social lessons?　　A. School and home　　　　　　　　B. Home and playground　　C. Classroom and playground　　　　D. All of the above3. A network ---whether for work, play, or research---- interweaves departments and flung branches. What if they were all interconnected --- the libraries, the hobbyists, and the businesses--- internet worked into one all -encompassing, multipurpose network of networks? Hence comes the word “Inter-net”. Simply put, it’s all of these computers hooked up to each other. It’s commonly called the network of networks; plug into any part , and you plug into the whole. (As an open system, however, this doesn’t mean that anyone can then access file on your hard disk. And you’re not susceptible() to viruses unless you take some software from the Net and run it with your computer, which you might not ever do). Why do we say, “Plug into any part, and you plug into the whole?” Because there’s no center to it. Just as there’s no global central bank or post office, yet bankers accept all currencies and post offices accept it all stamps, the Internet accepts all participant. Thus the technology carries with it a certain philosophic perspective and culture: a do-it-yourself, anarchic, “bottom-up”, fluid, horizontal interdependency, rather than a canned , top-down, rigid, vertical hierarchy. This is part of what makes it so attractive to so many, but also very discouraging to people who expect to jump right in. To be a successful Netizen means realizing that, along with a relatively simple set of computer rules, the Internet has its own culture.11. The passage that comes before this abridge one may possibly discusses______.’

A. the theory of networksB. the application of networksC. the advantages of networksD. the definition of networks

12. The third paragraph is developed by_________.A. analogy B. illustration C. data analysis D. summary

13. What is NOT mentioned in the passage as the culture of Internet?A. fluid B. anarchy C. rigidness D. horizon

14. The pronoun “this” in line 7 stands for _________.A. Internet B. an open systemC. the saying “Plug into any part, and you plug into the whole”D. computers hooked up to each other

15. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Internet has a global center that deals with all the businesses.B. The Internet has the similar culture as the human being.C. Rules in the Internet are quite hard for Netizens to master.

D. It is likely to be infected with computer viruses if one takes some software from the Net and run it with his computer.4.

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They are among the 250, 000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Netherlands, a group that explains the cause of 40 percent of the nation’s unemployed. A storm of anger boils up at the government -sponsored（政府资助的）youth center, event among those who are continuing their studies.　　“We study for jobs that don’t exist, ” Nicollets Steggerda, 23, said. 　　After thirty years of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the European Community has reached as much as 11 percent, affecting a total of 12.3 million people, and the number is climbing.　　The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the Continent. The title of a rock song“ No Future” can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France.　　Recent surveys have found that the increasing argument in the last few years over the deployment（部署）in Europe of North Atlantic Treaty Organization missiles and the possibility of nuclear war have clouded European youths' confidence（信心）in the future.　　One form of protest （an action that shows disagreement ）tends to put the responsibility for a country’s economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations, people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity.　　Young Europeans, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability, seem to be similar to Americans more than they do their own parents. Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation , even the right, to a standard of living that they see around them.　　“And so we pass the days at the discos, or meet people at the cafe, and sit and stare, ” said Isabella Cault. “There is usually not much conversation. You look for happiness. Sometimes you even find it.”16．Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected________.　　A. about 0.6 million people　　B. 250, 000 people　　C. less than half of the population　　D. one million people17．What Nicollete Steggerda said （Para. 2）means that________.　　A. what the students learn is more than necessary　　B. the students cannot get work after graduation　　C. the students’aim in study is not clear　　D. school education is not sufficient（enough）18．What does the underlined word“prosperity” most probably mean?　　A. advance in politics 　　B. economic troubles　　C. political crisis（危机）　　D. achievements in economy19．British youths________.　　A. have pity on the unemployed on the Continent　　B. have been the first to show their disappointment over joblessness　　C. care about unemployment in France and Belgium　　D. are trying to find work on the Continent20．It seems that young Europeans________.　　A. are more like Americans than their elders in their way of thinking　　B. look more like Americans than their elders do　　C. expect more from Americans than from their elders　　D. look upon life as their elders do5.

American are proud of their variety an individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform,

whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five star - general. Why are uniforms so popular in

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the United States?

　　Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional

than civilian （百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a

uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian

clothes, Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform . What easier way is there for a nurse, a

policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lost professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?

　　Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes, They save on laundry bills. They are tax -

deductible （可减税的）. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.

　 　 Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality

experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type

is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act

similarly, on the job at least.

　　Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long - lasting, often their initial expense is

greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry

cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.

21．It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality________.

　　A. still judge a man by his clothes

　　B. hold the uniform in such high regard

　　C. enjoy having a professional identity

　　D. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform

22．People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform________.

　　A. suggests quality work

　　B. discards his social identity

　　C. appears to be more practical

　　D. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes

23．The chief function of a uniform is to________.

　　A. provide practical benefits to the wearer

　　B. make the wearer catch the public eye.

　　C. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself

　　D. provide the wearer with a professional identity

24．According to the passage, people wearing uniforms________.

　　A. are usually helpful

　　B. have little or no inividtilal freedom

　　C. tend to lose their individuality

　　D. enjoy greater popularity

25．The best title for this passage would be________.

　　A. Uniform and Society

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　　B. The Importance of Wearing a Uniform．　　C. Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform.

D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms

6. In many countries today, laws protect wildlife. In India the need for such protection was realized centuries ago.

　About 300 B.C. an Indian writer described forests that were somewhat like national parks today. The killing of game

animals was carefully governed. Some animals were fully protected. Within the forest, nobody was allowed to cut trees,

burn wood, or trap animals for their furs. Animals that became dangerous to human visitors were trapped or killed

outside the park, so that other animals would not become uneasy.

　The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before. About a thousand sorts of animals are in danger of

extinction, and the speed at which they are being destroyed has been putting on. With mammals（哺乳 i 类动物）, for

example, the speed of extinction is now about one sort every year; from A. D. 1 to 1800, the speed was about one sort

every fifty years. Everywhere, men are trying to solve the problem of saving wildlife while caring for the world’s

growing population.

26．This report says that the need for protecting wildlife________.

　　A. was understood centuries before this time

　　B. was described by and Indian writer about 2300 years ago

　　C. is met in many countries today

　　D. is carried out in forests as well as in national parks

27．The report says that in Indian forests of long ago________.

　　A. hunters were given permits to hunt game

　　B. only dangerous animals were to be killed

　　C. the killing of game animals was controlled

　　D. no killing of animals was allowed

28．According to the report, men trying to save wildlife are thinking about________ as well.

　　A. the animals in national parks

　　B. stricter laws against hunting

　　C. the trees in the forests

　　D. the needs of people

29．From the report we can learn ________.

　　A. the growth of the world’s population has meant greater danger to wildlife

　　B. about a thousand sorts of mammals are in danger of extinction

　　C. the speed of extinction of mammals is lower now than it was from A. D. 1 to 1800

　　D. hunters who kill endangered sorts of animals are seriously punished by law

30．The word“ extinction” in this report most properly means“________” .

　　A. falling. down　　　　　　　　　 B, dying out

　　C. growing up　　　　　　　　　　D. going away

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7.You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let’s assume you once actually completed

a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then . If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors 骗子”; another refers to them as “special cases.” one well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people.” To avoid outright (彻底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with” a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job - seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century - that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony （假的）diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University.” The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue.” As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.31. The main idea of this passage is that　　　　　.A　employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB　 lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC　college degrees can now be purchased easilyD　employers are no longer interested in college degrees32. According to the passage, “special cases” refers to cases where　　　　　 .A　students attend a school only part-timeB　 students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC　students purchase false degrees from commercial filmsD　students attended a famous school33. We can infer from the passage that　　　　　　 .A　performance is a better judge of ability that a college degreeB　 experience is the best teacherC　past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD　a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition34. This passage implies that　　　　　　.A　buying a false degree is not moralB　 personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC　most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD　society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications35. As used in the first. Line of the second paragraph, the word “utter” means　　　 . A address　　B ultimate　　C thorough　　D decisive8

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. A network ---whether for work, play, or research---- interweaves departments and flung branches. What if they were all interconnected --- the libraries, the hobbyists, and the businesses--- internet worked into one all -encompassing, multipurpose network of networks? Hence comes the word “Inter-net”. Simply put, it’s all of these computers hooked up to each other. It’s commonly called the network of networks; plug into any part , and you plug into the whole. (As an open system, however, this doesn’t mean that anyone can then access file on your hard disk. And you’re not susceptible() to viruses unless you take some software from the Net and run it with your computer, which you might not ever do). Why do we say, “Plug into any part, and you plug into the whole?” Because there’s no center to it. Just as there’s no global central bank or post office, yet bankers accept all currencies and post offices accept it all stamps, the Internet accepts all participant. Thus the technology carries with it a certain philosophic perspective and culture: a do-it-yourself, anarchic, “bottom-up”, fluid, horizontal interdependency, rather than a canned , top-down, rigid, vertical hierarchy. This is part of what makes it so attractive to so many, but also very discouraging to people who expect to jump right in. To be a successful Netizen means realizing that, along with a relatively simple set of computer rules, the Internet has its own culture.36. The passage that comes before this abridge one may possibly discusses______.’

A. the theory of networksB. the application of networksC. the advantages of networksD. the definition of networks

37. The third paragraph is developed by_________.A. analogy B. illustration C. data analysis D. summary

38. What is NOT mentioned in the passage as the culture of Internet?A. fluid B. anarchy C. rigidness D. horizon

39. The pronoun “this” in line 7 stands for _________.A. Internet B. an open systemC. the saying “Plug into any part, and you plug into the whole”D. computers hooked up to each other

40. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Internet has a global center that deals with all the businesses.B. The Internet has the similar culture as the human being.C. Rules in the Internet are quite hard for Netizens to master.

D. It is likely to be infected with computer viruses if one takes some software from the Net and run it with his computer.9.

Oceanography has been defined as 'The application of all sciences to the study of the sea'. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in-his writings, but he was reluctant (不愿意) to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, 1et alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question ‘What is at the bottom of the oceans?' had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状)of the mute to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s,Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深) were taken to

15

investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. 41. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly_____ A)for oceanographic studies C)for business considerations B)for military purposes D)for investigating the depths of the oceans 42.It was_____ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. A)the American Navy B)some early intercontinental travellers C)those who earned a living from the sea D)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable 43.The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was____ A)to make some sound experiments in the oceans B)to collect samples of sea plants and animals C)to estimate the length of cable that was to be made D)to measure the depths of two oceans 44.‘Defied' in the 5th paragraph probably means_____ A)‘doubted' B)‘gave proof to' C)‘challenged' D)‘agreed to'45.This passage is mainly about________ A)the beginnings of oceanography B)the laying of the first undersea cable C)the investigation of ocean depths D)the early intercontinental communications10.

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty (保单),or any other records which might help ,at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up, the consumer takes his or her complaint ,the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly ,and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong ,rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better 、than" This stereo (立体声音响)does not work." The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result ,the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers' rights. 46. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to A) complain personally to the manager

16

B)threaten to take the matter to court C)write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D)show me written proof of the purchase to the store 47.If a consumer wants a quick statement of his problem, it 's better to complain to A)a shop assistant B)the store manager C)the manufacturer D)a public organization 48.The most effective complaint can be made by A)showing the faulty item to the manufacturer B)explaining exactly what is wrong with the item C)saying firmly that the item is of poor quality D)asking politely to change the item 49.The phrase "live up to"(Para-1,Line 2)in the context means A)meet the standard of B)realize the purpose of C)fulfil the demands of D)keep the promise of 50.The passage tells us A)how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item B)how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C)how to avoid buying a faulty item D)how to deal with complaints from customers 11.

Everyone talks about the "five" senses of man. And it's true that we get our information about the outside world from out sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Researchers tell us that the sense of sight--our visual sense--gives us up to 80% of what we know about the world outside our bodies; while the other senses, the auditory (hearing), the olfactory (smell), the tactile (touch), and the gustatory (taste) bring into our brains information about the other twenty percent of what is happening. But there are two other senses that we cannot get along without, though they are very seldom given any credit for helping us to survive in this difficult world. These are the sense of balance, and the kinesthetic sense. The sense of balance, without which we would act like a drunkard after a heavy bout with the bottle, is located in the inner ear. The inner ear contains three curved tubes (the semi-circular canals) filled with liquids. The shifting of these liquids activates nerve endings in the linings of the canals, and nerve impulses from these nerve endings help our brains to keep us upright. The kinesthetic sense is actually made up of nerve impulses that arise from nerves planted in close contact with our muscles. These nerve messages are constantly telling us what position our limbs, trunk and head are in. They serve as a continuous "feedback" system to help us know how to move our various parts, and when to hold them still. Otherwise, we would lack the coordination to run, jump, dance, twist, or even sit still. Incidentally, the word "kinesthetic" comes from two Greek words meaning "motion" and "feeling". The kinesthetic sense gives us our ideas about our own motion.51. The best title for this passage is _______. A) Our Five Major Senses B) The Overlooked Senses C) The Most Important Sense D) The Sense of Balance52. What is the main idea of the passage? A) We get most of our information about the outside world from our senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste.

17

B) The sense of sight gives us up to 80% of what we know about the world outside our bodies. C) The sense of balance keeps us upright. D) Two important senses which are often over-looked are the kinesthetic sense and the sense of balance.53. The kinesthetic sense is located in the _______. A) nerves B) brain C) skin D) inner ear54. Nerve impulses originating in the inner ear _______. A) keep us vertical B) regulate our hearing C) give us our ideas about our motion D) tell us what is happening in the outside world55. People who cannot see are able to get along in the world, but it would be probably most difficult to get along if we lost the use of the _______. A) sense of smell B) sense of touch C) sense of taste D) kinesthetic sense12.

To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf's assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change. Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation ;it docs not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well . The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology ; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use out technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination. Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the industrial Revolution . Yet when we ask why the industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that pees the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society. 56 . A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it_________. A is used both as a cultural and a physical object

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B serves different purposes equally well C is utilized by man D can be of use to both man and animal 57 . The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that_________. A if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our world B technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for it C technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man D being a human creation, technology is liable to error 58. According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because __________. A the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind B the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before C it has helped to switch to an information technology D it has a great potential impact on society 59. By using the phrase "the human quality of technology" , the author refers to. the fact that technology__________. A has a great impact on human life B has some characteristics of human nature C can replace some aspects of the human mind D does not exist in the natural world 60. The passage is based on the author's__________. A keen insight into the nature of technology B prejudiced criticism of the role of the industrial Revolution C cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers D exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology 13.

Each child has his individual（个人的）pattern of social, as well as physical, development. Some of it depends on his home life and his relationships with the people who love him. Children in large families learn how to get along with others through normal brother- sister play and tussles （打斗）. An only child, on the other hand , may have to learn his lessons in social living through hard experiences on the playground or in the classroom. Twins who always have one another to lean on may be slow in responding to others because they do not need anyone else.　　A child who is constantly scolded and made to feel he does everything wrong may have a difficult time developing socially. He may be so afraid of displeasing the adults around him that he keeps to himself （where he can’t get into trouble）or he may take the opposite route and go out of his way to create trouble. Like the deserted child, he too may return to infantile （幼稚的）pleasures, developing habits that will satisfy him, but create barriers（障碍）toward social contact.61．Which of the following may have effect on children’s paten of social development?　　A. Age.　　　　　　　　　　　　　B. Education　　C. Home life.　　　　　　　　　　 D. Gender（性别）62．The passage implies that which of the following may have the earliest time learning to get along with others?　　A. An only child　　　　　　　　　 B. A child from a large family　　C. Twins　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. Children who are continually scolded63．Which of the following is implied by the passage?　　A. Too much scolding of children may make their social development difficult.　　B. All children developed in the same ways.　　C. Children who are constantly scolded may learn to get along with others quickly.　　D. Deserted children often exhibit quicker social development.64．We can inferred from the passage that________.

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　　A. continual scolding is not harmful to the child.　　B. continual scolding holds back healthy social development.　　C. continual scolding has no effect on obeying orders.　　D. continual scolding has no effect on physical development65．Where does the passage say the only child learns his social lessons?　　A. School and home　　　　　　　　B. Home and playground　　C. Classroom and playground　　　　D. All of the above14.

They are among the 250, 000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Netherlands, a group that explains the cause of 40 percent of the nation’s unemployed. A storm of anger boils up at the government -sponsored（政府资助的）youth center, event among those who are continuing their studies.　　“We study for jobs that don’t exist, ” Nicollets Steggerda, 23, said. 　　After thirty years of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the European Community has reached as much as 11 percent, affecting a total of 12.3 million people, and the number is climbing.　　The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the Continent. The title of a rock song“ No Future” can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France.　　Recent surveys have found that the increasing argument in the last few years over the deployment（部署）in Europe of North Atlantic Treaty Organization missiles and the possibility of nuclear war have clouded European youths' confidence（信心）in the future.　　One form of protest （an action that shows disagreement ）tends to put the responsibility for a country’s economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations, people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity.　　Young Europeans, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability, seem to be similar to Americans more than they do their own parents. Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation , even the right, to a standard of living that they see around them.　　“And so we pass the days at the discos, or meet people at the cafe, and sit and stare, ” said Isabella Cault. “There is usually not much conversation. You look for happiness. Sometimes you even find it.”66．Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected________.　　A. about 0.6 million people　　B. 250, 000 people　　C. less than half of the population　　D. one million people67．What Nicollete Steggerda said （Para. 2）means that________.　　A. what the students learn is more than necessary　　B. the students cannot get work after graduation　　C. the students’aim in study is not clear　　D. school education is not sufficient（enough）68．What does the underlined word“prosperity” most probably mean?　　A. advance in politics 　　B. economic troubles　　C. political crisis（危机）　　D. achievements in economy69．British youths________.　　A. have pity on the unemployed on the Continent　　B. have been the first to show their disappointment over joblessness　　C. care about unemployment in France and Belgium　　D. are trying to find work on the Continent70．It seems that young Europeans________.

20

　　A. are more like Americans than their elders in their way of thinking　　B. look more like Americans than their elders do　　C. expect more from Americans than from their elders　　D. look upon life as their elders do15.

Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged , biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的)areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age. People will be alert (警觉的)and receptive (愿意接受的)if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. "The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information," says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. "Most of us don't need that kind of skii1.Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. "Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because t hey enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work. Gene Cohen ,acting director of the same institute ,suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. "The point is, you need to do both," Cohen says. "Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size." 71. People who are cognitively healthy are those A) whose minds are alert and receptive B) who are highly intelligent. C)who can remember large amounts of informationD)who are good at recognizing different sounds 72. According to Fozard's argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by A)constantly doing memory work B)making frequent adjustments C)going through specific training D)taking part in various mental activities 73. The findings of James and other scientists in their work A)remain a theory to be further proved B)have been challenged by many other experts C)are practised by the researchers themselves D)have been generally accepted 74. Older people are generally advised to A) keep mentally active by challenging their brains B)keep fit by going in for physical activities C)maintain mental alertness through specific training D)maintain a balance between individual and group activities 75. What is the passage mainly about? A)How biochemical changes occur in the human brain. B)Why people should receive special mental training as they age. C)How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health. D)Why people should keep active not only physically but a1so mentally. 16.

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The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909. Sound movies in 1926. The computer in 1928. And jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over diseases. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live long lives. By the 1960s most people could expect to live to be at least 60. By this time most people had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire to explore again The world is known to man but the stars are not yet. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space. In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a beginning though. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.76. Nylon came out nearly at the same time as ______. A) radio B) camera C) jet planes D) movies77. People can live longer lives because ______ to help people cure diseases have worked very well. A) doctors B) newer methods C) medicines D) new78. By the 1960s ______. A) people had known everything about the world B) there was not much to be explored C) only the moon had not yet been known D) the world as a whole was known to man79. According to this passage, _______. A) only Americans have walked on the moon B) only Russians have walked on the moon C) China and Japan are among those countries that sent men to the moon D) both A) and B)80. We can safely come to the conclusion that people's life will be made even better through ______. A) new discoveries B) greater inventions C) better ways to help get over diseases D) all of the above17.

You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then . If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors 骗子”; another refers to them as “special cases.” one well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people.” To avoid outright (彻底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with” a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one

22

semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job - seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century - that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony （假的）diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University.” The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue.” As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.81. The main idea of this passage is that　　　　　.A　employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB　 lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC　college degrees can now be purchased easilyD　employers are no longer interested in college degrees82. According to the passage, “special cases” refers to cases where　　　　　 .A　students attend a school only part-timeB　 students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC　students purchase false degrees from commercial filmsD　students attended a famous school83. We can infer from the passage that　　　　　　 .A　performance is a better judge of ability that a college degreeB　 experience is the best teacherC　past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD　a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition84. This passage implies that　　　　　　.A　buying a false degree is not moralB　 personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC　most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD　society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications85. As used in the first. Line of the second paragraph, the word “utter” means　　　 . A address　　B ultimate　　C thorough　　D decisive18.

A network ---whether for work, play, or research---- interweaves departments and flung branches. What if they were all interconnected --- the libraries, the hobbyists, and the businesses--- internet worked into one all -encompassing, multipurpose network of networks? Hence comes the word “Inter-net”. Simply put, it’s all of these computers hooked up to each other. It’s commonly called the network of networks; plug into any part , and you plug into the whole. (As an open system, however, this doesn’t mean that anyone can then access file on your hard disk. And you’re not susceptible() to viruses unless you take some software from the Net and run it with your computer, which you might not ever do). Why do we say, “Plug into any part, and you plug into the whole?” Because there’s no center to it. Just as there’s no global central bank or post office, yet bankers accept all currencies and post offices accept it all stamps, the Internet accepts all participant. Thus the technology carries with it a certain philosophic perspective and culture: a do-it-yourself, anarchic, “bottom-up”, fluid, horizontal interdependency, rather than a canned , top-down, rigid, vertical hierarchy. This is part of what makes it so attractive to so many, but also very discouraging to people who expect to jump right in. To be a successful Netizen means realizing that, along with a relatively simple set of computer rules, the Internet has its own culture.86. The passage that comes before this abridge one may possibly discusses______.’

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A. the theory of networksB. the application of networksC. the advantages of networksD. the definition of networks

87. The third paragraph is developed by_________.A. analogy B. illustration C. data analysis D. summary

88. What is NOT mentioned in the passage as the culture of Internet?A. fluid B. anarchy C. rigidness D. horizon

89. The pronoun “this” in line 7 stands for _________.A. Internet B. an open systemC. the saying “Plug into any part, and you plug into the whole”D. computers hooked up to each other

90. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Internet has a global center that deals with all the businesses.B. The Internet has the similar culture as the human being.C. Rules in the Internet are quite hard for Netizens to master.

D. It is likely to be infected with computer viruses if one takes some software from the Net and run it with his computer.19.

Oceanography has been defined as 'The application of all sciences to the study of the sea'. Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in-his writings, but he was reluctant (不愿意) to go to sea to further his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, 1et alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question ‘What is at the bottom of the oceans?' had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状)of the mute to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s,Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid, but not until 1866was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. 91. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly_____ A)for oceanographic studies C)for business considerations B)for military purposes D)for investigating the depths of the oceans 92.It was_____ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies. A)the American Navy B)some early intercontinental travellers C)those who earned a living from the sea

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D)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable 93.The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was____ A)to make some sound experiments in the oceans B)to collect samples of sea plants and animals C)to estimate the length of cable that was to be made D)to measure the depths of two oceans 94.‘Defied' in the 5th paragraph probably means_____ A)‘doubted' B)‘gave proof to' C)‘challenged' D)‘agreed to'95.This passage is mainly about________ A)the beginnings of oceanography B)the laying of the first undersea cable C)the investigation of ocean depths D)the early intercontinental communications20.

When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty (保单),or any other records which might help ,at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up, the consumer takes his or her complaint ,the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim. Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly ,and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong ,rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better 、than" This stereo (立体声音响)does not work." The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result ,the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers' rights. 96. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to A) complain personally to the manager B)threaten to take the matter to court C)write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase D)show me written proof of the purchase to the store 97.If a consumer wants a quick statement of his problem, it 's better to complain to A)a shop assistant B)the store manager C)the manufacturer D)a public organization 98.The most effective complaint can be made by A)showing the faulty item to the manufacturer B)explaining exactly what is wrong with the item C)saying firmly that the item is of poor quality D)asking politely to change the item 99.The phrase "live up to"(Para-1,Line 2)in the context means A)meet the standard of

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B)realize the purpose of C)fulfil the demands of D)keep the promise of 100.The passage tells us A)how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item B)how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item C)how to avoid buying a faulty item D)how to deal with complaints from customers 21.

Everyone talks about the "five" senses of man. And it's true that we get our information about the outside world from out sense of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Researchers tell us that the sense of sight--our visual sense--gives us up to 80% of what we know about the world outside our bodies; while the other senses, the auditory (hearing), the olfactory (smell), the tactile (touch), and the gustatory (taste) bring into our brains information about the other twenty percent of what is happening. But there are two other senses that we cannot get along without, though they are very seldom given any credit for helping us to survive in this difficult world. These are the sense of balance, and the kinesthetic sense. The sense of balance, without which we would act like a drunkard after a heavy bout with the bottle, is located in the inner ear. The inner ear contains three curved tubes (the semi-circular canals) filled with liquids. The shifting of these liquids activates nerve endings in the linings of the canals, and nerve impulses from these nerve endings help our brains to keep us upright. The kinesthetic sense is actually made up of nerve impulses that arise from nerves planted in close contact with our muscles. These nerve messages are constantly telling us what position our limbs, trunk and head are in. They serve as a continuous "feedback" system to help us know how to move our various parts, and when to hold them still. Otherwise, we would lack the coordination to run, jump, dance, twist, or even sit still. Incidentally, the word "kinesthetic" comes from two Greek words meaning "motion" and "feeling". The kinesthetic sense gives us our ideas about our own motion.101. The best title for this passage is _______. A) Our Five Major Senses B) The Overlooked Senses C) The Most Important Sense D) The Sense of Balance102. What is the main idea of the passage? A) We get most of our information about the outside world from our senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. B) The sense of sight gives us up to 80% of what we know about the world outside our bodies. C) The sense of balance keeps us upright. D) Two important senses which are often over-looked are the kinesthetic sense and the sense of balance.103. The kinesthetic sense is located in the _______. A) nerves B) brain C) skin D) inner ear104. Nerve impulses originating in the inner ear _______. A) keep us vertical B) regulate our hearing C) give us our ideas about our motion D) tell us what is happening in the outside world105. People who cannot see are able to get along in the world, but it would be probably most difficult to get along if we lost the use of the _______.

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A) sense of smell B) sense of touch C) sense of taste D) kinesthetic sense

22.You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need; let’s assume you once actually completed

a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then . If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them “impostors 骗子”; another refers to them as “special cases.” one well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by “no such people.” To avoid outright (彻底的) lies, some job-seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with” a college or university. After carefully checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job - seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century - that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony （假的）diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from “Smoot State University.” The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue.” As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.106. The main idea of this passage is that　　　　　.A　employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB　 lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC　college degrees can now be purchased easilyD　employers are no longer interested in college degrees107.. According to the passage, “special cases” refers to cases where　　　　　 .A　students attend a school only part-timeB　 students never attended a school they listed on their applicationC　students purchase false degrees from commercial filmsD　students attended a famous school108. We can infer from the passage that　　　　　　 .A　performance is a better judge of ability that a college degreeB　 experience is the best teacherC　past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD　a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition109. This passage implies that　　　　　　.A　buying a false degree is not moralB　 personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC　most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school

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D　society should be greatly responsible for lying on applications110. As used in the first. Line of the second paragraph, the word “utter” means　　　 . A address　　B ultimate　　C thorough　　D decisive

23.Cultural differences largely determine differences in the way the elderly are treated by others. In the Oriental,

Middle Eastern, African, and American Indian cultures, for example, young men are expected to be aggressive and strive for success in the real world, while old men devote themselves to the supernatural, old men were usually venerated() in preliterate societies, often becoming chiefs. Women in many societies followed the opposite pattern, moving from passivity to greater assertiveness with advancing age. Long life and experience make elderly people a valued source of knowledge in some cultures, but in technologically advanced societies the rising number of elderly has decreased their “scarcity value”. At the same time, their children and grandchildren have increasingly turned to mass communications media, schools, and libraries as superior sources of information. This has resulted in diminishing the prestige of the aged. The increasing proportion of elderly people in many countries will have a widespread impact on society. Growing demands on financial, welfare, medical, recreational, and environmental resources and large number of nonworking individuals dependent on the working population will necessitate many changes in social systems.111. The main subject of this passage is __________.

A. the importance of old people B. the social role of old people C. the attitudes towards old people D. the concerns about old people112. This passage is developed by __________. A. analogy B. comparison C. hypothesis test D. problem solving113. What is the reason for the decrease of old people’s “scarcity value” in developed nations?

A. The rising number of the elderly.B. The decreasing number of the elderly.C. The poor health of the elderly.D. Old people lack modern knowledge.

114. The pronoun “this” in line 13 stands for _______.A. the rising number of old peopleB. the growing demands on resourcesC. the availability of mass communications media, schools, and libraries as superior sources of informationD. long life and experience of the elderly

115. This passage is aimed to __________.A. introduce the social role of old people B. compare the different treatment old people receive in history and modern societiesC. arouse public attention to the fate of elderly people ‘

D. arouse public concern about the social impact of increasing population of the elderly24.CONGRATULATIONS

We’ve organized the following information to help you prepare for your arrival at Boston College. Please feel free to contact（联系）our Admissions Office at any time over the coming months with any questions.You First Steps…Please return the Acknowledgement Form sent with you acceptance letter to Dean Robert Howe, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences, McGuinn Hall 221,140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467.■For Ph. D. Acceptances and Master’s Acceptances with funding, we ask you reply by April 25, 2008.■For Master’s Acceptances without funding and Non degree Acceptances, we ask you to reply by May 31, 2008■You should also contact your department to receive any department information.

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Over the Coming Months…Get informed about services around campus（校园）. We have provided links for you to the following offices. ■ Student ServicesAfter you return your Acknowledgment From, you should receive a letter containing your BC Username and Eagle ID number. With this information you can reach email and Agora. In Agora, BC’s online community. You can update your student information, check your student account（账目）, and register（登记）for classes.The Office of Student Services issues（发行）your BC Eagle One Card. This ID card acts as your campus library card and meal card.Student Services’ website offers a complete listing of courses for the school year, as well as student forms and other important student information. The Office of Student Services also handles billing.■ HousingCLICK HERE for more information.If we can bi of any more help to you, just contact us. Congratulation again! We look forward to you joining our University!116. The above page can most probably be read . A. on the Boston College website B. in the Boston College newspaper C. on BC Eagle One Card D. at Student Services117. The information above is particularly useful for those A. who want to apply for Boston College B. who want to know about Boston College C. who’ve been admitted to Boston College D. who’ve decided to pay a visit to Boston College118. If you want to study for your master’s degree with funding, you will have to . A. return your Acknowledgment Form by May 31, 2008 B. send back your Acknowledgment Form by April 25, 2008 C. email your Acknowledgment Form to Admissions Office by May 31, 2008 D. return you Acknowledgment Form to Student Services by April 25, 2008119. If you want to decide what courses for the school year you’d better A. call up the Office of Student Services B. get in touch with the Admissions Office C. read your acceptance letter D. visit Student Services’ website

25. On August 26, 1999, New York City experienced a torrential downpour. The merciless rain caused the streets to flood.

New York City’s subway system came to a screeching stop as the subway stations were drowned in water. Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour.

Many people who were going to work were trapped and forced to go home. Some battled with fellow New Yorkers to hail a cab or to get on a bus. Still others braved the storm, walking miles to get to work.

I happened to be one of the people on their way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most service had stopped. After running around like crazy and making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was operating. Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to board the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the platform. Determined to get to work, I decided to take the train uptown several stops and then switch back to the downtown train. It was annoyance, but it paid off. However, the train got more packed at each stop. People pushed and shoved. I was constantly hit with elbows and bags. Finally, after what seemed like an eternity (no end), the train reached my stop.

But the journey was not over yet. I would still have to walk several blocks to get to my office. When I finally got to

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work, I was completely soaked and left a puddle of water everywhere I sat. I was also exhausted (tired out) and discouraged from my commute.

My co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When 5:00 rolled around, I was ready to go home. I was about to log off my computer when I received an email from Garth, my Deputy Director :

I would like to thank all those who made the effort and eventually reported to work. It is always reassuring, at times like these, when employees so clearly show their devotion to their jobs. Thank you.

His email was short, but I learned more from that brief message than I ever did from a textbook. The email taught me that a few words of appreciation can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the transit troubles had made me miserable. But Garth’s words immediately invigorated me and put a smile back on my face. As a matter of fact, his email made the whole subway painful experience all worthwhile.

August 26, 1999 may have been one of the darkest days in New York City history, but it was one of the brightest days in my life thanks to Garth. 120．The subway system in NY came to a sudden stop because .

A．most of its service had stopped B．it was flooded by busy travelersC．it was during a morning rush hour D．its stations were covered with water

121．How did the writer get to her office? A．By pushing in the stairs to the platform.

B．By switching trains in a roundabout way. C．By battling with people to hail a taxi.

D．By walking miles to get to the office.122．The underlined word “invigorated” probably means . A．inspired B．expected C．1iberated D．convinced123．Which is the best title for the passage? A．A downpour in mid-summer B．A lesson from a rainy day C．An appreciation of a misery D．A dark day in New York history26.

There are two key elements to Nadal’s victories over Federer-speed and left-handed ground strokes. If tennis court surfaces get any faster, left-handed Rafeal Nadal may eventually dominate(支配) right-handed Roger Federer, for the simple reason that left-handed sportsmen in general have naturally quicker reflexes(反应). French sports researchers, led by Dr. Guy Azemar, are convinced, after 15 years of experiments, that the growing domination of left-handers in tennis can no longer be put down to their unorthodox(非正统的) technique. They say that everything points to left-handers having several thousandths of a second more time to react. The researchers were struck by the disproportionate(不相称的) success of left-handers. Left-handers dominate at the top although 90 percent of people are right-handed. Of the world’s 200 top tennis players, 16 percent are left-handed but five of the top 20 and three of the top four are left-handers. Federer, therefore, is considered to be an exception-a right-hander who can make up with technique what he loses in reflex. Dr. Azemar is convinced that the advantage is explained by the way messages are carried from the brain. “We want to show that the sorts of information needed in sport - speed and direction of attack-are treated by the right-hand side of the brain which handles the organizafon of time and space,” he said. “With left-handers the message is transmitted direct to the left-hand side of the brain first, the side which treats logic. Then it is passed to the other side causing a loss of thousandths of seconds.”124. It is implied in the first two paragraphs that ______. A. Nadal is a better player than Federer B. Nadal can play as well as Federer

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C. Federer has naturally quicker reflexes D. Nadal has naturally quicker reflexes125. The increasing domination of left-handers in tennis________. A. was once considered the result of unorthodox technique B. is possible after 15 years of experiments C. is due to their unorthodox technique D. can no longer be controlledwww.ks5u.com126. How many left-handers are there among the world’s 200 best tennis players? A. 16 B. 20 C. 32 D. 90127. The author suggests, but does not directly say, that Federer wins because_______. A. he uses right hand B. he is the best player C. he has quicker reflexes D. he has better technique

三、完形填空 1.

Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other and on the local

environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is __1__ balance, but if a creature is

exterminated or an alien species __2__ , then the ecology of the district will be upset--in other __3__, the balance of

nature will be __4__.

Man is a part of the __5__ and has done more to upset the ecology during __6__short span on earth than __7__ other

living creature. He has done this by his ignorance, his __8__, his thoughtless foolishness and his uncontrolled

wastefulness.

He has poisoned the __9__ and polluted both land and water. He has wasted the earth's natural __ 10__ with no

thought for the future, and has thought out the most devastating ways of killing his fellow men--and every other sort of

life at the same time.

Since man has done so much __11__, it is __12__ to man to try to put matters __13__ if it is not already too _14__.

If there is to be any remedy for our ills, that remedy ultimately lies in the hands of the __ 15__, and the sooner they start

doing something about it, the __16__.

One of the main __17__ of the earth's troubles is that the world is overpopulated and that this overpopulation is

growing at an ever-increasing rate. At the same time we are __18__ up our natural resources--fuels and mineral ores--at

an ever-increasing rate with no hope of replacing them.

For many years the earth has been unable to __19__ enough food for these rapidly expanding populations and the

position is steadily deteriorating __20__ the fertility of some of our richest soils has been lost and vast areas that were

once fertile lands have turned into barren deserts.

1. A in B out C of D off

2. A discovered B introduced C brought D killed

3. A cases B speech C way D words

4. A changed B troubled C disturbed D damaged

5. A environment B situation C science D condition

6. A their B one's C one D his

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7. A any B an C all D most

8. A greedy B hope C greed D desire

9. A sky B heaven C atmosphere D space

10. A energy B resources C sources D power

11. A destroy B injury C damage D work

12. A up B due C necessary D owing

13. A correct B right C back D forward

14. A late B soon C long D distant

15. A old B adults C young D future

16. A better B best C quicker D perfect

17. A reasons B effects C results D causes

18. A using B wasting C giving D drawing

19. A feel B support C supply D provide

20. A until B when C since D whereas

2.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later

personality. Every experience　 1 　 the child something and the effects are 　 2 　 . “Upbringing” normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child　 3 　 the home. This is closely　 4 　 the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually distinguished （区别）by the　 5 　 “education”. In a society such as ours, both　 6 　 and teachers are responsible for the chances provided for the development of the child,　 7 　 upbringing and education depend on each other. 　　The ideals and practices of child upbringing are different from culture to culture.　 8 　 the more rural（农村的）the group, the more　 9 　 the customs of child upbringing. In more technologically developed societies, childhood and adolescence（青春期）are likely　 10 　 a long time,　 11 　 more chances for education and greater variety in　 12 　 development.　　Early upbringing in the　 13 　 is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the group and by the parents'　 14 　 and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the　 15 　 abilities of the child. Wide differences of intelligence（智力）and character　 16 　 even in children of the same family. Parents can　 17 　 what is normal in physical, mental and social development, by　 18 　 some of the many books　 19 　 on scientific knowledge in these areas, or, less dependable since the sample（实例）is smaller, by comparing　　 20 　 with friends and relatives who have children.　　1．A. offers B. affords C. teaches D. pays　　2．A. dangerous B. limited C. immediate D. increasing　　3．A. from B. for　 C. out of D. within　　4．A. covered with B. devoted to C. made from D. related to　　5．A. term B. time C. kind D. age　　6．A. children B. parents C. students D. classmates　　7．A. so that B. so long as C. in that case D. even if　　8．A. surprisingly B. Besides C. Generally D. However　　9．A. strange B. unchangable C. unusual D. curious　　10．A. to cover B. to change C. to spend D. to spread　　11．A. resulting in B. beginning with C. hoping for D. waiting for　　12．A. body B. brain C. character D. education

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　　13．A. school B. home C. society D. world　　14．A. care B. luck C. ability D. job　　15．A. wonderful B. great C. named D. born　　16．A. happen B. make C. exist D. hold　　17．A. bring down B. find out C. work out D. make up　　18．A. referring to B. looking into C. holding out D. taking up　　19．A. called B. decided C. based D. carried　　20．A. books B. letters C. notes D. answers3.

When I was teenager, my dad did everything he could to advise me against becoming a brewer（醉酒人）. He’d　 1 　 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living,　 2 　 had his father and grandfather before him. He didn’t want me　 3 　 near a vat （酿酒用的桶）of beer. 　　So I did as he asked. I got good　 4 　 , went to Harvard and in 1971 was accepted into a graduate program there that　 5 　 me to study law and business at the same time. 　　In my second year of grade school, I began to realize that I’d　 6 　 done anything but go to school. So, at 24 I decided to drop out.　 7 　 , my parents didn’t think this was a great idea. But I felt strongly that you can’t　 8 　 till you’re 65 to do what you want in life.　　I packed my stuff into a bus and headed to Colorado to become an instructor at Outward Bound. Three years later, I was　ready to go back to　 9 　 . I finished Harvard and got a highly paid job at the Boston Consulting Group. Still, after working there five years, I　 10 　 . Is this what I want to be doing when I’m 50? At that time, Americans paid　 11 　 money of beer in low quality. Why not make good beer for　 12 　 ? I thought.　　I decided to give up my job to become　 13 　 When I told Dad, he was　 14 　 , but in the end he　 15 　 me. I called my beer Samuel Adams,　 16 　 the brewer and patriot（爱国者）who helped to start the Boston Tea party.　 17 I sold the beer direct to beer drink to get　 18 　 out. Six weeks later, at the Great American Beer Festival, Sam Adams Boston Lager（淡啤酒）won the top prize for American beer. In the end I was destined（注定）to be a brewer. My　 19 　 to the young is simple: Life is very　 20 　 , so don’t rush to make decisions. Life doesn’t let you plan.　　1．A. cost B. spent C. take D. paid　　2．A. like B. as ff C. so D. nor　　3．A. anywhere B. nowhere C. where D. somewhere　　4．A. result B. teachers C. grades D. work　　5．A. promised B. made C. advised D. allowed　　6．A. never B. ever C. always D. hardly　　7．A. Fortunately B. Obviously C. Possibly D. Properly　　8．A. expect B. think C. stop D. wait　　9．A. school B. Colorado C. my home D. my decision　　10．A. realized B. asked C. wondered D. knew　　11．A. less B. little C. good D. lot　　12．A. Englishmen B. Europeans C. the world D. Americans　　13．A. a lawyer B. a brewer C. an instructor D. an engineer　　14．A. surprised B. satisfied C. interested D. anxious　　15．A. hated B. supported C. raised D. left　　16．A. for B. at C. in D. after　　17．A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Also D. Yet　　18．A. them B. the word C. tea D. the party　　19．A. advice B. life C. job D. experience　　20．A. hard B. busy C. short D. long

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4.Some people who find themselves unable to solve a problem react by just giving up. But it is not good to 1 from

problems by giving up or by making 2 for failure. You may be sure that all young people go through the same 3 process that you are going through; 4 new situations, developing new skills , and testing their abilities. In many cases, we only “think” there is no 5 to a particular. But 6 we can overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack.

7 , a boy wanted to be a debater. When he 8 for the debating team as a freshman, the coach thought he was 9 . He as shy; he had a high pitched( 音调) voice; and his posture (体态 ) was poor. By his junior year, he 10 the school debating team, and in his senior year he was 11 the team in his state. He achieved his goal because he had made a direct attack upon his problem.12attack is often the beat way to meet problems, we have to be realistic in judging situations. 13 it is necessary to 14

either tactics (策略 ) or the goal. A boy who wants to be a great football player may be too light and not quite 15 for football. In this situation, becoming a great player may be an 16 goal for him. 17 , he may become outstanding in tennis or golf, and 18 his desire to take part in sports. So, although direct attack is often the best way to 19 problems, it is important to study the 20 and make a wise decision about what to do.1. A. ignore B. escape C. free D. neglect2. A. excuses B. apologies C. stories D. decisions3. A different B. difficult C. easy D. unpleasant4. A. overcoming B. facing C. meeting D. judging5. A. key B. answer C. way D. solution6. A. often B. possibly C. fortunately D. ever7. A. In fact B. For example C. After all D. In other words8. A. tried out B. went in C. went all out D. joined in9. A. useless B. hopeless C. helpless D. priceless10. A. became B. made C. entered D. got11. A. at B. in C. on D. of12. A. When B. As though C. While D. As if13. A. Seldom B. Sometimes C. Frequently D. Usually14. A. change B. rebuild C. start D. renew15. A. smart B. strong C. confident D. fast16. A. impossible B. unreasonable C. unfair D. unacceptable17. A. Though B. However C. Fortunately D. Thus18. A. satisfy B. complete C. achieve D. win19. A. meet B. deal C. handle D. treat20. A. causes B. phenomenon C. situation D. difficulties

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