ویژگیهای بصری شاخص تزئینات گچبری معماری عصر...

20
ashekoſte@auiacir Downloaded from jias.kashanu.ac.ir at 15:14 +0330 on Friday January 24th 2020

Transcript of ویژگیهای بصری شاخص تزئینات گچبری معماری عصر...

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!

a@sheko e@aui@ac@ir%%A5(BCD"%#-E%>(FG!"2%H F-E#0%1% I$'(J%K(:?"%L+#+%&#6M2%&NOG!"2%%P

!"#$%&'()*'+,"-./''0(123'4"56789':;"<'+()='+">' 3?%@

P,6CQ?%,CR(S

AB6CD%1%T-60#U%2NV%W#/J%'2%"'%5(:XNO.Y%#-E%Z"#:+%,M%T!2N[%5"#$"%W#/J%8"%\;%5]N^+%5(UT!(G!%LY2%8"%5(:!(I.$"%_$"%'2%,M%&'()*+%,[%,67["1%`(-:a9J%8"%bQ$%@T:+(O!"%(E%5c%8"% V#[% $(0NQ?%,[%,M%T!2N)!%2(O$"%%5c%'2% J]NdJ%e'()*+%`(-:a9J%fg(X%'2%5c%8"%e2($8%'(:7[%'(hc%,M%LY"%e#ijU%#-E%HT:Y'%k1"%,[%1%2N[%,lNJ%2'N+%'(:7[%>'12%&(E% Y'#[%#mM"%H>T?% $(Y(-?%_:nnd+%oYNJ%>'12%_$"%8"%2NlN+%&(E%,!N)!% +()J%p(i$#nJ%@LY"%>T!(+%e(l%,[% -:a9J%qNn!%,[%#6)M%1%,6V"2#;%(E%5c% I$'(J%r21Td+%($%1%"#l"%s$'(J%1%'(hc%_$"%b.M%t:DNJ%,[%(B-J%,60#U%`'ND%(J%LY"%5c%#[%b*Y%H,g(n+%_$"%'2%@T!"%%>2#M%,lNJ%(E%5c%&#:U'(M%,[%'2%H5(+8%5c%u*+(l%1%5"T-+#-E%un:.Y%`"#::^J%1%'"#X%bY'#[%2'N+%b!(I.$"%r'12%e#ijU%qNn!%H2NlN+%e(E%,!N)!%8"%e2"T*J%u7$(n+%([%HWTE%,[%5T:Y'%&(6Y"'%'2% $(Y(-?% !(I.$"%5"T-+#-E%oYNJ%,60#U%`'ND%`]NdJ%1%(E%5c%'2%,60'%'(M%,[%vV(?% -:a9J%qNn!%1%T!#:U%>T?%&#:U%,O:6!%_:-w%@T!"%>T?% Y'#[% .:.dJ%% C:DNJ%q1'%,[% !(I.$"%&#ijU%vV(?%'(hc%H,g(n+%_$"%'2%@T!N?%#6G:[% F67l#[%([%(+"%LY"%5(:XNO.Y%xN/V%,[%H2NV%8"%y:;%5"'12%8"%,60#U#[%&#ijU%H5(:!(I.$"%r'12%'2%,M%LY"%8"%@LY(E%>'12%#F$2%,[%Li7!%5c%rT)S%9$()J%,l1%2NV%,M%LY"% zV%s7!%f:E{J%8"%#h|6+%H#J%>T:j:;%e(E%}#R%1%HoV%#F$2%~�X"%1% 0NM%t.6I+%&(E%,!NU%([% jU%&(E%�"#d+%LV(Y%H>'12%_$"%vV(?%&#/[%&(E% U�$1%,.)l%� $(-[�%1%� .n*+�%&(E%,i:6M%8"%>2(C6Y"%_:g1"%1%(E%,i:6M%&]%,[]%'2%>T:j:;% ):.Y"%qNn!%H YT-E%e(E%>#U%�"N!"%&#ijU%'2%(�)V%r#:O!8%yn!%1%`81'%�U%H Y(iS%>(?%%�U%T-!(+%qNn!% V#[%2#['(M%1%�T!8#0%%1%'2(+�%,i:6M%1

%@LY"%>T?%>'12%_$"%'2%�:�S%b$(E'(QE(?%�.V%1%#-E%_$"%'2%�'9[%bgNdJ%flN+%,M%LY"

E">'AF&@B6$G@&#ijU%qNn!%He#ijU%He'()*+%`(-:a9J%Hb!(I.$"%#-E

34A44A3%�q#${;%s$'(J%%%%%%%%%%%%3�A=A4�%�L0($'2%s$'(J

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

"#

%H>@?I'+">'HJ(I

�L7:w% !(I.$"%&#ijU%&(E% U�$1%_$#J%�B+%@4�L7:w%'2%2NV%8"%y:;%5"'12%,[%Li7!% !(I.$"%#/S%&#ijU%v:IGJ%1%9$()J%,l1%@=

%,w%�+(?%� XNO.Y�%2NV%8"%y:;%r'12%,[%Li7!% !(I.$"%&#ijU%'2%>2"2%�'%&(E%&'1cN!%1%>T)S%`]NdJ%@��2N?% +% J"#::^J

K/BL/%�(iX"�%@2#M%b!"#)Q�%5c%W"#R"%e(E%_:+8#Y%1% !N-M%5"#$"%#[%�@E%���%(J%�@E%����(Y%21T�%8"% !(I.$"%u.7.Y% !(I.$" %rT!(G!%LY2%&(E%L+NQ�%H&#)X%&#OE%�6GE%5#X%#V"1" %(J %���=%H4��3%&2#)!"Nl%1%(:!#:; %H !(:6?c% X([%29$%unz-+%u:-["%T-!(+%5"'12%_$"%8"% 7:C!%'(hc%@T!2#M% +%L+NQ�%5"#$"%8"%&"% �"N!%#[%5(-j)E%H#C�+%�c%T-!(+%5"#$"%�iX%e(E%>'12%#-E%1%&9M#+%&(:Yc%H'12%�#?%#-E%8"%bn:C.J%HLn:n�%'2%5"NJ%b+%"'%>'12%_$"%#-E%@LY"%>T!(+%bQiY%,[%'1#+%,[%,M%T-$()!%�.V%"'%b*$T[%'(:7[%'(hc%H`"#:h|J%_$"%8"%e#:U%>#B[%([%(J%T!"%>T:?NM%5"T-+#-E%@L7!"2%b+�Y"%5"'12%u:-["%`(-:a9J%����%�=���%�Blair�%and Bloom��%H4���%,[1#U%1%%NJ"#?�%@LGU%�$TiJ%�n67+%r'12%(J%~�Y"%u:g1"%5"'12%8"%e#ijU%,M%HLY(B-$"%8"%bn:C.J%($%1%b?(M%H�U%H#lc%�g(/+%�N!%,Y%8"%p]N)*+%H5"#$"%'2%>T?%"#l"%e(E%,i:6M%1%(E%�"#d+%'2%5c%2#['(M%rT)S%1%,6?"2%2Nl1%`(-:a9J%'2%fg(X%#/-S%5"N-S%,[%5($'N):J%>2N[%Tl(7+%e(-[%'2%q8'"%([%e#/-S%1%xN/I+%&2()!%,M%H�"#d+%rT)S%L:)E"%�:g2%,[%p]()6�"%@LY"%>2N[%(-[%,67!"NJ%b+%�U%8"%#6B[%e#/-S%,w%1%>T?%b+%�1{i+%5c%e"#l"%1%b�"#R%'2%,lNJ%1%LX2%#mM"T�%H�4��%H4���%�N;�

@2'1c'2%y$()!%,[%"'%T-+#-E%# �diJ%1%�Ni!%b+()J%�O-;%5#X%'2%(+"%HT?% +%,60#U%'(M%,[%(E%5c%_:a9J%1%LI+8%}NzY%5T!(?N;%'N�-+%,[%#6G:[%"T6["%'2%&#ijU%#-E%_$"%@T+c'2%2#0%,[#/d-+% -:a9J%y?N;%�Q?%,[%1%T?%k'(V%2NV%r2(Y% -:a9J%Lg(�%8"%&#ijU%H&#)X%&#OE%'(hc%H5"'12%_$"%8"%1%,60'%'(M%,[%&'()*+%'2% -:a9J%&#/-S%5"N-S%,[%b*:Y1%b$(:0"#^l%r#67U%'2%b!(I.$"%r'12%'2%(E%5c%,[%,67$(?%'NR%,[%H5(Y(-?%5(6Y([%1%#-E%s$'(J%5(nnd+%,!(CY|6+%@LY"%,6?"{U%&(l%,[%&#:�!% [%1%(i$8%'(:7[%,[%,lNJ%([%@T!"%>2#M%>T-7[%e'()*+%'(hc%'(-M%'2%b-:a9J%#-E%_$"%8"%&"%>'(?"%,[%H2NV%`(?'"9U%1%(E%,6?N!%'2%1%,6V"2#�!%H5c%'2%,60'%'(M%,[%qNn!%1%�4 �%H4���%�N;�%LY"%5c% �"#R%'2%�1"%u.E1%'2% !"#$"%&#ijU% U�$1%,M%,6Q!%_$"%qNn!%&#J#[%1%9$()J%¡S([%,M%T!"%��V%5"T-+#-E%_:)E%1%LY"% !"#$"%5"T-+#-E%e($N;%1%��V%_E¢%8"%,60#U#[%`(-:a9J%_$"%u*g(z+%,[%#6G:[%LX2%1% -:[9$'%([%yE1�;%_$"%'2%HT!"%>T?%(E'NGM%#F$2%8"% !"#$"%£:-QJ%1% -:a9J%,M% $(E%t:JN+%1%(E%}#R%'2%"'%5T:Y'%�()M%,[%T!1'%1%5"T-+#-E%��V%_E¢%'(hc%5"N6[%�$#R%_$T[%(J%>T?%,6V"2#;% !(I.$"%r'12%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%'2%~NY#+%qNn!%1%(E% U�$1%bY'#[%,[%H>'([%_$"%'2%@2#M%>TE(G+%HT!"%>2'1c%2Nl1%,[

@LV"2#;%�:E"NV%>'12%_$"%'2%,60#U%`'ND%&(E%&'1cN!%1%H`"#::^J%H`"#:h|J%1%,6V"2#;% !(I.$"%&(E%&#ijU% $(Y(-?%,[%H !"T:+%1%&"%,!(I[(6M%`(*g(z+%�$#R%8"%H#�!%2'N+%W"TE"%�ndJ%LBl%`(*g(z+%�$#R%8"%>T?% *Y%1%LY"%>T?%>2(C6Y"% .:.dJ%<% C:DNJ%�:ndJ%q1'%8"%(E%5c%�:.dJ%1%,$9OJ%LBl%1%HyE1�;%_$"%r21Td+%@2#[% ;% !(I.$"%r'12%&(E%&#ijU%x(V%1%~NY#+%qNn!%L:.M%1%(E% U�$1%,[%(E%5c% n:izJ%&(E(-[%2"T*J%,Q-$"%,[%,lNJ%([%@LY"%5(:!(I.$"%L+NQ�%5(+8%'2%&81#+"%5"#$"% $(:0"#^l%uz:�%'2%2NlN+%&(E(-[%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%&"'"2%,M% $(E(-[% +()J%,M%LY"%_Q)+%HLY"%2($8%5"#$"%'2%>'12%_$"%,[%�.*6+%2NlN+% I$'(J%qNn!%#�!%8"%,M%&'(hc%LY"%%>T?% *Y%HyE1�;%_$"%'2%@T-?([%>TG!% 0#*+%HT!#�!%2'N+% I$'(J%r21Td+%,[%�.*6+

@T!#:U%'"#X% Y'#[%2'N+%HT!#h¤+%&#:U%,O:6!%'2%1%%4vV(?%H`(-:a9J% +�Y"%&'()*+%&#ijU%'(hc%u-:+8%'2%,M%T$2#U%vIG+%HyE1�;%�N¥N+%#[%&"%,!(I[(6M%1% J(+Tn+%`(*g(z+% R

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

"$

%H'"TU%>'T!c%T-!(+%5"#$"%#-E%5(//I6+%1%5(Y(-?%5(6Y([%@LY"%,60#F!%`'ND% *+(l%yE1�;%Hx(V%'NR%,[%5"#$"%`(-:a9J% V#[% 0#*+%1%5"#$"%&'()*+% Y'#[%,[%2NV%&(E%�(6M%'2% !(:M%tYN$%T)d+%1%#0#-E%¦"%tzg%H�N;%'NJ'c%'2%1%H>2"2%~(O!"% $(E%yE1�;%H5c%`(-:a9J%1% !(I.$"%&'()*+%u-:+8%'2%#i.$1%Tg(!12%@T!"%,6V"2#;%&'()*+%,[%,67["1%'2%§$"' %qNn! %,[ % J"'(?" %1 %,6V"2#; % !(I.$" %r'12%&#ijU%&(E%>N:?%1%£:-QJ% V#[ % 0#*+%,[ %&#ijU%ugNn+%>'12%_$"%'2%5c%5T:Y'%k1"%,[%1%5"#$"%&'()*+%'2%#-E%_$"%&NU8([%H¨+(l%'NR%,[%,67!"N6!%(+"%HLY"%>2#M%(E%&#ijU%1%H5c%,[%,67["1%`(-:a9J%1% XNO.Y%#/S%&'()*+%([%,z["'%'2%�J(�% .*+�©%T-!(+% !"#$"%5(nnd+%8"% V#[%@T?([% $(Y(-?%,[%H2NV%�N!%'2%,M%T!"%>2"2%~(O!"% $(E%yE1�;%5"#$"% +�Y"%&'()*+%`(-:a9J%([%,z["'%'2%2"�!% Q+%&TB+% !(7!"%qNn!%>1#U%T-w%,[% .M%'NR%,[%"'%&#ijU%qNn!%H2"�!% Q+%@T-M% +% !($(?%£)M%5"#$"%#-E%1%&'()*+%#6B[%H4��=% !(+8�%2NlN+%¨[(-+%f.©"%'2%&T-[%�:7nJ%_$"%,6ig"%,M%>2#M%�:7nJ%,i:6M%1%oV%H YT-E%H E(:U%H !"N:�%1%uzn!%,Q-$"%,[%,lNJ%([% !(I.$"%r'12%&#ijU%5N-M(J%,!(CY|6+%@2N?% +%>T$2%����<�4�%H4���%&'(/!"%� =<�4

@LY"%>TG!% Y(-?%£iY%1% 0#*+%,67$(?%'NR%,[%HqNn!%>(UT$2%8"%HLY"%5"#$"%'2%#-E%_$"% $(i$8%1%�()M

M&(%&'+,"-./',N'O3'P&'AN"QRJ&'S56T6I'UV%>2N[%21T!"%,$]%`'ND%,[%5c%2#['(M%,M%22#U%b+%8([%5"#$"%`�0%5T)J%,[%5"#$"%&'()*+%'2%�U%2#['(M%_$#J%b)$TX%@LY"%>2N[%#/S%5c%`"'2(D%8"%,M%2'"2%2Nl1%£Ec%1%�U%52(*+%H5(^+"2%�'(/�%,�J�%uRNd+% Q$29!%'2%@LY"%>T?%L0($%5(Q+%_$"%'2%52(*+%�U%\-l%8"%2�:+%8"%y:;%~'(Bw%r'"9E%,[%�.*6+% jU% -:a9J%&(E%>#B+%_:-j)E%&#ijU%'(hc%,[%�.*6+%'(/�%,�J%8"%&'()*+%`(-:a9J%&(E%,60($%_$#J%,67l#[%(+"%H�4�4%1%�4%H4���%#0'(G0"�%LY"%1 %��:i!8(^w %`"'NF$8� %W"#R" %'2 % +�$" %5(E(?2(; %#[(n+ %�3 %H4��� %L:)?"� %@LY" %,RNd+ %_$" % !(Y(Y %r'12�=�<=�%H4���%_)?#:U�%@T-67E%&'()*+%'2%21T!"%`'ND%,[%�U%2#['(M%_BM%&(E%,!N)!%8"%�,�J%LCE�%uRNd+

%9:!%1%b[Nw%e(E%5N6Y%e1'%#[%_:a9J%#67[%($%21T!"%5"N-S%,[%�U%H>T!(+%bX([%5(:G-+(IE%5"'12%'2%,j!c%ª(Y"%#[%%�g(/+%5(:+%'2%H�1"%#:?2'"%�(M%&(E%&'(C�%'2%�=��%H4�� %e8(iB?%'N;(?�%@LY"%>T?%%b+%>2(C6Y"%(E(-[%e8(Y%tM%&(E'"N$2%y?N;%&"#[%,M%>T+c%LY2%,[%T:CY%1%_?1'% [c%H&#67M(V%9iY%«!'%,[%&'(M%�U%8"% J(*zX%H !()6V(Y% !()6V(Y%�g(/+%5"N-S%,[%#6G:[%�U%H5(:G-+(IE%r'12%5($(;%(J%�=3�%<=3=%H4��=%(:.:J�%@2N[%,60'%'(M%,[% 6GV%"T:;%&#J%>2#67U%2#['(M%`(-:a9J%'2%H&T*[%&(E%5"'12%'2%(+"%,6?"2%&"%,$"'c%ui-l%#6)M%1%>2N[%}#z+%>T-E2%y?N;%1%�(M�%&(E%&#ijU%H�(m+%&"#[%�L0($%&"%>�$1%�N.Y"%1%2#M%"T:;%q#67U%�U%8"%>2(C6Y"%HbJ'(;%r'12%'2%@LY"%>2#M%<% X#?%qNn!%1% !(!N$%%&(E%yn!%8"% n:C.J%`'ND%,[%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%8"%,67l#[%u!N)!%12%H�,l"NV%>NM�%1%�'N?c% !(Q?"%r'12%8"%_:-j)E%�� <%��%H4���%NJ"#?%1% .$(YN[%� 4%H4���%_)?#:U�%@LY"%>'12%_$"%,[%�.*6+% !"#$"%&#ijU%#-E%��3%H4���%#0% ):�'�%@LY"%>T?%L0($% SN-6+% F!'%#:©%1% F!'%&(E%&#ijU%H`�d+%,E'NV%'2%T!"%L:*X"1%_$"%#F!($()!%H !(Y(Y%&#ijU%'(hc%@LY"% J'(;%&#ijU%#-E%_:G!(l%H2NV%#E(�+%_$#J%_BM%'2% !(Y(Y%'2%"'%2NV%TBS%&(E%'(QE(?%H G-+(IE%&(E%&'(O�%t$2'%�E%H�iX%5"'12% .M%TS"NX%¬C�%([%_0%_$"%5"T-+#-E%,M%,[%�iX%5"'12%&(E%&#ijU%qNn!%1%2"N+%H£:-QJ%5T!(Y'%�()M%,[%([%,M%�Q?%_$T[%HT!"%,6V(Y%5($()!%&#ijU%'(hc%&(E#-E%1% !(Y(Y%#/S%#F$2%&(E#-E%'2% J]NdJ%¡S([%H�N)O+%'2%1%,60($%LY2%&#ijU%&(E%}#R%�"N!"%�"T["���<%��%H4���%b!(:M%��=�%H4���%&'(/!"%�4�%H4���% !(+8�%@T!T?%5"#$"%8"%k'(V%1%5"#$"%'2%~�Y"%,:g1"%5"'12

%M&(%&'+,"-./',N'WXJ&'N@,@'P&'YI'+(123'4"56789'UZ[V%5(7!"%1%5"N:�%yn!%H`(-:a9J%'2%,M%`1(CJ%_$"%([%HT!2N[%b!(Y(Y%#-E%#:h|J%LdJ%H`(-:a9J%1%,:-["%H~�Y"%�$"1"%'2%_$"%8"%b$(E%,!N)!%@LGU%'"2N)!%y:;%8"%y:[%H2'"2%~�Y"%8"%y:;%#-E%'2%,G$'%,M%b):.Y"%qNn!%1%>T?%W{�%_+#M"%1%�N;�%��@E%=�4�%8"#:?%�:6S%¨+(l%TO7+%rT!(+% X([%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%8"%2NlN+%&(E%}#R%'2%"'%`"#::^J%#B?%1%�==<%�%H4���%&#$Tg(U�%�&#)X%&#OE%~12%5#X�%5(BCD"%¨+(l%TO7+%,:g1"%r'12%H�4 3�%<4 3�%H4���%~�Y"%u:g1"%51#X%'2%e#ijU%`(-:a9J%_$#J(i$8%8"%bQ$%@2#M%>TE(G+%5"NJ%b+%��@E% %($%�%5#X�%'N[(G:!%bI$'(J

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

"%

%HL)g(;%,.)l%8"% E(:U%&(E%}#R%�+(?%H5c%&#ijU%�"#d+%qNn!%HLY"%_:a(!%¨+(l%TO7+%,[%­N[#+%�,$N[%�c%r'12�% !(Y(Y%r'12%�N)*+% -:a9J%#$"12%1%(E%�U%H`(-:a9J%_$"%'2%_:-j)E%@LY"%#F-M%&(E%�#[%1%�Q?% l(M%qNn!%'2% !(Y(Y%&(E%}#R%8"%#h|6+%&#ijU%&(E%t:JN+%8"% .+(M%u!N)!%HTO7+%_$"%�"#d+%H�N)O+%'2%@2N?% +%>T$2%L*Y1%1% U8(J%([% XNO.Y%r'12%'2%,:-["% -:a9J%#D(-S%���3%<%���%H4���%&'(/!"�%@LY"% +�Y"%u:g1"%5"'12%,67l#[%H,67l#[%H g(VNJ%1%#;NJ%H�z7+%&#ijU%&(E%>N:?%�"N!"%([% XNO.Y%r'12%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%@L0#U%~(O!"%H>'12%_$"%�N)*+%&(E%£:-QJ%8"%@T!N?% +%&T-[%,6Y2%&#ijU%&9:+c%«!'%1%���-+%&(E% *.¥%T-w�%&'(M%>2®c%HT-.[%_$"%'2%1%,6?"2%k"1'%5(:XNO.Y%r'12%8"%y:;%H jU%`(-:a9J%&9:+c%«!'%@LY"%&'(M%>2®c%>"#)E%,[%,67l#[%&#ijU%&"#[%&2'Nl]%«!'%H>2(C6Y"%2'N+%«!'%_$#6G:[%@T!"%>T?%&9:+c%«!'%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%qNn!%($%1%(E%,-:+8%H>'12%2'N+%#F$2%&(E%«!'%@T!"%>2#M% +%>2(C6Y"%«!'%_$"%8"%H#6G:[%rN.l%1%�)S%2(O$"%&"#[%T$c% +%#�!%,[%,M%>2N[%,-:+8%�[(X%��@E%����%5(6Y2'"%¨+(l%TO7+%&(E%&#ijU%'2%,M%LY"%9+#X%1%&2NI!%HT:CY%H&"%>81#:0%H>'12%_$"%r2(C6Y"%L?{U%8"%\;%8N-E%,M%2#M%>'(?"%5818%£.+%TO7+%&#ijU%�"#d+%,[%5"NJ% +%H5(:E(G+8'"NV%5(+8%8"%@T!"%>TE(G+%H,6CQ?%H&T)�"�%@T!"%5(GV'2%'(:7[%H2N[%>T?%¨X"1%5c%'2%,M% z:d+%o$"#?%�:g2%,[%5c%`(-:a9J%&(E%«!'%H(E%5#X

�=  %1%= �%H4��3% ?([2NS%1%&"#[%"'%,-:+8%,M%L0#U%`'ND%5c%'2% J]NdJ%1%2"2%,+"2"%2NV%�+(QJ%,[%e#ijU%#-E%H5(:XNO.Y%r'12%'2%_$"#[(-[%`(-:a9J%,[%f.©"%1%T--M%b+%T?'%eT-M%,[%b-:a9J%e(E%£iY%,M%(O!c%8"%@2#M%�E"#0% !(I.$"%>'12%'2%5c% $(0NQ?%r'12%'2%,M%T!2(B!%(-[%"'%bG$"#U%HbXNO.Y%r'12%#ijU%5"T-+#-E%L?"2%5(S¢"%5"NJ%b+%HT!"%�YN6+%�iX%e(E%>'12%1%L0'% !NU#U2%,[%1'%§$'TJ%,[% !(I.$"%#/S%'2%H XNO.Y%r'12%'2%�N)*+%e#ijU%`(-:a9J%@T:Y'%�+(QJ%,[% !(I.$"%HoV%~�X"%�"N!"%([%>2#67U% jU%&(E%�"#d+%5T+c%2Nl1%,[%@T?%5"'12%_$"%&#ijU% U�$1%H2($8%bF6Y"'c%1%e'(M#;̄%(E%,i:6M%&]%,[]%'2% $(6V%1% ):.Y"%qNn!%H YT-E%e(E%>#U%�"N!"%&#:U'(M%,[%H 0NM%t.6I+%&(E%,!NU%>�$1%,[%e(i$8%&(E'(QE(?%�.V%1%�:�S% gNdJ%flN+%HqNn!%2($8% F60'1#0%1% F67l#[%9:!%1%_B;%&(E%�#[%1%�U%([%u.�#+%'2%b�"#R%1%e'()*+%H5(:XNO.Y%r'12%'2%@T?%5c%5T:Y'%�N.z+%�()M% �T�#Y%,[%1% !(I.$"%r'12%'2%&#ijU%@2N[%`(-:a9J%1%b!()6V(Y%�(Q?"%f:M#J%1%�:C.J%H>T)S%u.°7+%H5(:!(I.$"%r'12%'2%,M%bJ'ND%'2%H2N[%(zV1%5N+8c%&(E%L:g(*0%@LY"% XNO.Y%#/S%�1"T6+%&(ENFg"%8"%&1#:;%H !(I.$"%&'()*+% U�$1%_$#J8'([%���<�4%H4� �#i.$1�%,6V(Y%&#)X%&#OE%���%(J%���%&(E%�(Y%_:[%'2%2NlN+%u:-["%_$#6G:[%1%,6?"T!%'"N6Y"% F-Ec%H !(I.$"% !()6V(Y

�3�%H4�� %T!"#i-.:E�%@T!"%>T?

!"#$%&'\,@N'+(123',"]^'UZ%H !"T:+ %1 %&"%,!(I[(6M %`(*g(z+ %�$#R%8" %"T6[" %H`(-:a9J %#6B[ % Y'#[ %LBl%H !(I.$" %r'12 %8" %2NlN+ %&#ijU%'(hc%,[#/d-+%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%¡:�%8"%1%>2N[%#h¤+%�:ndJ%2#iG:;%'2%,M%&"%,:-["%#$8%�1Tl%'2%\�Y%1%>T?% $(Y(-?

@T!"%>T?%&T-[%,6Y2%1% $(Y(-?%H2#0

_!"#$%&'\,@N'0(123'+">'K);"<'@'(`"5*'Ua%1%_:a9J%Hb�"#R%'2% $(E%&'1cN!%1%`"#::^J%H§$'TJ%,[%(+"%H2N[%5(:XNO.Y%&#ijU%8"%,60#U#[%b!(I.$"%r'12%&#ijU%>TE(G+%�[(X%b!(I.$"%r'12%8"%>T!(+%bX([%e#ijU%e(E%,!N)!%8"%e'(:7[%'2%`]NdJ%_$"%@T+c%2Nl1%,[%e#ijU%&"#l"%1%`]NdJ%_$" %H,+"2" %'2%@2#M%>TE(G+%#F$TQ$%'(-M%'2%1%,!N)! %£$%'2%b6�%5"NJ%b+%"' %(E%5c%8" %e'(:7[%@LY"

@22#U%b+%,a"'"%(E%5c%8"%b$(E%,!N)!%>"#)E%,[%(E%bU�$1

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

"&

t$2'(-[%~(!5(6Y"��@E�%s$'(J`(-:a9J

49$#iJ%¨+(l%TO7+ X#?%5(O$(['¢c�6CE%1%�G?%51#X&#ijU%�"#d+

=T!#+%¨+(l%TO7+ X#?%5(O$(['¢c��4&#ijU%�"#d+

�,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+ [#©%5(O$(['¢c���&#ijU%�"#d+

 �:[2'"%¨+(l%TO7+�:[2'"�E28"12%(J%~'(Bw%5#X�U%&1'%#[% ?(n!%<%&#ijU

�5(BCD"%¨+(l%TO7+5(BCD"�4� g()?%5"N$"%&#ijU%HN6$(Og"%�"#d+

�5(l#6?"%¨+(l%TO7+5(BCD"�4�&#ijU%`(-:a9J%1%�"#d+

�5(l#6?"%5NJ(V%,*:['5(BCD"���&#ijU%�"#d+

�9-z!%T)/g"TiS%s:?%>#in+5(BCD"��3>#in+%Ti-U%#$8%&(±0%'12%(J%'12%&#ijU%`(-:a9J

39-z!%¨+(l%TO7+5(BCD"��  g()?%5"N$"%�(R%#$8%&#ijU%ui:6M

4�5"#Q[%#:;%>#in+5(BCD"�4=&#ijU%�"#d+%1%&'()*+%`(-:a9J

449-z!%#:+%,wNM%TO7+5(BCD"�6GE%5#X&#ijU%�"#d+

4=,$N?%LCE%TO7+5(BCD"�6GE%H�6CE%H�G?%51#X&#ijU%�"#d+%1%&'()*+%`(-:a9J

4�'(U%¨+(l%TO7+5(BCD"�6CE%1%�G?%51#X%&#ijU%�(R%1%�"#d+

4 5"#$8"%¨+(l%TO7+5(BCD"�6GE%5#X�"#d+%&]([%'2%&#ijU%,i:6M

4�k(M%TO7+5(BCD"�6GE%5#X(E%&8(Y%,?NU%'2%&#lc%,i?%&#ijU%`(-:a9J

4�_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+5"#BJ�=�%<%�==&#ijU%�"#d+%1%&'()*+%`(-:a9J

4��_:+"'1% :d$%>2"9+(+"5"#BJ���&#ijU%`(-:a9J

4�_:+"'1%(¥'%tYN$%,*n[5"#BJ�6GE%5#X&#ijU%`(-:a9J

43~(l%s:?%L[#J%>#in+5(Y"#V�6GE%5#X%�:6S%¨+(l%TO7+%1% !(+#M%TO7+%%&(E%&#ijU

=� T+N$#0%¨+(l%TO7+5(Y"#V�=�%21T�&#ijU%`(-:a9J

=4\V#Y%5()ng%([([%>#in+5(Y"#V���&21'1%'2#Y%&#ijU%`(-:a9J

==#:?1#7V%TO7+5(Y"#V�6CE%5#X&#ijU%`(-:a9J

=�,:!(z.Y%Ti-U5(O!8�4�%<%���&#ijU%`(-:a9J

=  +(z7[%T$9$([%,SN)O+5(-)Y�6GE%1%�6CE%51#X%&#ijU%\!#n+%1%�"#d+

=�~(z7[%¨+(l%TO7+5(-)Y���%<%��=&#ijU%�"#d+

=�#C*l%_[%% .S%,l"NV%>2"9+(+"�X� �%1%���&#ijU%`(-:a9J

=�>1(Y%¨+(l%TO7+&9M#+�6CE%5#X [N-l%5(67i?%�"#d+

=��5($N.S%Ti-U5"T)E�6GE%($%�6CE%($%�G?%5#X&#ijU%�"#d+%1%`(-:a9J

=3_$Tg"%_M'%T:Y%>#in+29$�=��U%&1'%#[% ?(n!%<%&#ijU%`(-:a9J

��,:7)?%,Y'T+29$%���%($%���%��U%&1'%#[% ?(n!%<%&#ijU%`(-:a9J

�4%�>NM#["�%NX#["%¨+(l%TO7+29$���&#ijU%�"#d+

%LV(Y%s$'(J%1%&#:U'"#X%�d+%#M¢%([%>"#)E% !(I.$"%r'12%u:-["%�1Tl%��4�%r'()?%�1Tl@T!"%L:)E"%9a(�%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%²(dg%8"%,M

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

"'

+(123',N',"6b='cd&(e'@'_fRJ&,^'UV[a%`"#::^J%_$"%@T!"%>T$2#U%#J%,6Y"'c%1%#J%t$#³%HbXNO.Y%r'12%([%´#6G+%b!()6V(Y%`(:a9l%1%#D(-S%H5(:!(I.$"%r'12%'2%H#F$2%W#R%8" %1%HT+c%T$T;%e2N*D%­NzV%'2%5()6V(Y%e()!%bUT:GM%HNY%£$%8" %@T!N?%b+%>T$2%9:! %(E(-[ %'2%#J%>T:GM%1%T!2#M%e1#:;%5N!(X%_$"%8"%9:!%(E%�"#d+%�4��%H4���%�N;�%@T$2#U%#J%́ 8(!%1%#J%£iY%H5()6V(Y%Tig(M%b.M%f:M#J%_:[%`1(CJ%v:IGJ%@2N)!%b+%¨zX%"'%(-[%'12%(J%'12%&T-[#)M%,i:6M%H�"#d+% 6�%,M%e'NR%,[%HT!T?%�"#d+%rT)S%1%b.D"%f:M#J%e"'"2%H(E%�"#d+%@LY"%�QG+%b!(I.$" %�$"1" %1%bXNO.Y%r'12% jU%e(E%�"#d+%([%>T?%_$9+%t$2'%T-w%1%,60#U%#[%'2%"'%e"%,60'1#0%e(±0%,M%bQwNM%e(E%5N6Y%e1'%#[%9:J%́ N!%�(R%b-*$�%H4���%&2(OY�%@2N[%>T?%~NY#+%bXNO.Y%r'12%8(©c%8"%y:;%,M%HT-67E%�5c%2#U"2#U%L)Y%,Y%8"%,i:6M%1%b):.Y"%>'12%12%_$"%`(-:a9J%9$()J%¡S([%,M%b$(E%̀ 1(CJ%([%,6ig"%HT!"%bXNO.Y%>'12%`(-:a9J%8"%#h|6+%9:!%e#ijU%`(-:a9J%�=�%'2% $()!%,67l#[%1%}#R%'2%L0"#³%1%bF6Y"'c%,[%'(:7[%�$()J%H(E%̀ 1(CJ%_$"%,.)l%8"%���%H4� �%#i.$1�%@2N?%b+%����%,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%`(-:a9J%@2'"2%2Nl1%>'12%_$"%,[%�.*6+%u:-["%#mM"%'2%L:DN/V%_$"%,M%LY"#l"%@LY"%5(:!(I.$"%e�:6Y"%8"%\;%>T?%e#ijU%�"#d+%_$#J%b)$TX%p]()6�"%,M%LY(E%,!N)!%_$"%_$#6B[%8"%bQ$%��@E%#J%>T:j:;%1%#J%,6Y"'c%H5c%yn!%1%}#R%1%H#:�!%b[%2NV%�N!%'2%�"#d+%&"#l"%'2%,60'%'(M%,[%`'(B+%��=<�4%H5()E�%,M%5"'12%_$"%e#ijU%#:�!%b[%1%vV(?%e(E%,!N)!%#F$2%8"%�=�%r'()?%#$N/J�%@LY"%bXNO.Y%r'12%e(E%,!N)!%8"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%H��@E%�4=�%5"#Q[#:;%u*n[%&(E%&#ijU%H2N?%b+%>T$2%5"1"#0%e'(M#;%1%bF6Y"'c%(E%5c%'2

�=%1%4%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@2#[%~(!%5"NJ%b+%"'%��@E%�==�%_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%1%��@E%�4��%5(l#6?"

% %%

">'K16RG'S56/P',N'K9g=''@''h3'@' -6$J&',"G(iI'jgL!'UZ[a%Hb-:a9J%ui:6M%e(B6!"%'2%1%>2N[%���5(+(+"%1%�x�#i+(:;%¡$2(�"%($%1%5c#X%`($c%�+(?%p(+N)S%,M�% 0NM%e(E%,i:6M%2#['(M%,:-["%'2%´#iJ%1%_:a9J%5"N-S%,[%b+�Y"%u:g1"%51#X%8"%H�LY"%>T?%,6?(F!%T-+#-E%($%1%b!([%~(!%1%s$'(J%%b[c%«!'%,[%b0NM%�"N!"%�T?%b+%"#l"%�Q?%T-w%,[%,i:6M%H +�Y"%u:g1"%51#X%'2%�=4�%H4���% !()$"�%@T!"%,6?"2%1%_:a(!%¨+(l%TO7+%'2%5c%T-)?8'"%u!N)!%12%�T?% +%,6?N!%(-[%'12%(J%'12%�U%21T!"%e1'%#[%>(:Y%1%_?1'%($%>#:J%"T:;%�+(QJ%bXNO.Y%r'12%'2%>N:?%_$"%@��%r'()?%#$N/J�%2N?%b+%>T$2%�%��@E% 4��%5(^+"2%'"T).S%#:;%u*n[%ui:6M%'2%1%2N?% +%>T$2%,:-["%'2%�%3#O �G+%1%%��' �N+%b0NM�%t.6I+%`(-:a9J%([%,67l#[%�Q?%,[%&#ijU%&(E%,i:6M%1%2#M%H#J%,6Y"'c%(E%,i:6M%Hb!(I.$"%r'12%'2%@� %r'()?%#$N/J�%T!"%>T$2#U%_$9+4�b):.Y"%yn!%,[%,i:6M%,-:+8%'(hc%8"%b±*[%#$1(/J�%@T!"%>T?%"#l"%2($8%bF67l#[%([% V#[%'2%,M%>T?%�N-6+%e(E%�#[%1%�U%([%b):.Y"%qNn!%,[%_�$9+%1%#J%t$#³

��%1%�%r'()?

%H��@E%�==�%_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%8"% GI[%H_:$(;%8"%()!%��=�%#$N/JT-.[%,67l#[%£:-QJ%([%b):.Y"%1%,JN[%1%%�U%rT:j:;%qNn!

%H��%@E%�4=�%5"#Q[#:;%,*n[%�"#d+%k(J%8"% GI[%��4�%#$N/J� !"#Q[%,d:.+%�\QS�%T-.[%,67l#[%£:-QJ%([%,JN[%1%%�U%rT:j:;%qNn!

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

"(

%5T?%(!"NV(!%8"%&#:UN.l%&"#[%H,-:+8%qNn!%bF6Y"'c%1%%bUT:j:;%�:g2%,[%#ijU%5(�"#R%H�6GE%5#X%�$"1"%'2%@T!"%>T:GI[%,i:6M%,[%e#6G:[%rN.l%Hf:J#J%_$T[%1%>2#M%"#l"%y$]c%51T[%1%>2(Y%"'%(E%,i:6M%­NzV%�zY%HoV%e]%,[]%'2%,M%"'%�V%1%�:;%#;%b):.Y"%qNn!%�"N!"%5"NJ% +%Hb+(z7[%T$9$([%uSN)O+%`(-:a9J%'2%��%r'()?%#$N/J�

��%r'()?%#$N/J�%@2#M%>TE(G+%H>T?%"#l"%`'(B+%1% $(i$8%,[%`1(C6+%&(E%,i:6M

%@LY"%�(X'%1%¡.h%H'"2%>#U% 0NM%H¡.h%�+(?%]([%8"%f:J#J%,[%�"#d+%e(E%,i:6M%��@E%��=�%~(z7[%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%����%#$N/J

%'"T).S#:;%,*n[%�'"2%>#U�% µTn*+%�'N+% 0NM%,i:6M%8"% GI[%����%#$N/J� B!%L7+%LG:+%�.7+%�\QS�%5(^+"2

%r'12 %H5(6Y2'" %,*+(l %TO7+ %�"#d+ % 0NM %,i:6M %8" % GI[ %�� � %#$N/J@LY"%>T?%"#l"%5(j:;% ):.Y"%qNn!%H,i:6M%_$"%u-:+8%'2%H XNO.Y

%r'12%H9$#iJ%¨+(l%TO7+%ui:6M%8"% GI[%����%#$N/J%`(:DN/V%8"%,M%,JN[%1%�U%8"%,6Y"'c%u-:+8%H !(I.$"�= 4%H4���%2"�!% Q+%�\QS�%@LY"% !(I.$"%&#ijU

%TO7+ %Ti-U %#$8 % 0NM %ui:6M %8" % GI[ %���� %#$N/J%8"%,6Y"'c%H,i:6M%u-:+8%H !(I.$"%r'12%H5(l#6?"%¨+(l

@LY"%>T?%&9:+c%«!'%1%,JN[%1%�U%yn!

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

")

+(123'+">'K16RG',N' dgG'P&'(6k'l;'WXm&'N(=,"G'Ua[a%&'(Q)E%H&#ijU%&(i$8%&(E%,i:6M%rT)S%�:g2%@T!"%_:7dJ%'NV'2%H}#R%~(n+%'2%(E%,i:6M% +�Y"%&'()*+%`(-:a9J%'2% i:OS%`'ND%,[%s7!%1% 0NM%W1#�%LM#�%1%«-Ec%,M% .Q?%,[%LY"%#F$TQ$%'(-M%'2%5(7$N-?NV%1%5"'(QjU%�N-6+%­NzV%��6CE%5#X�% )/*67+%`NX($%'NB³%([%�4�3%H4���%�N;�%@LY"%,6I:+c%�E'2%_6+%&(E%,JN[%1%%�U%([%T?%#/d-+%�(X'%1%¨:XNJ%H�nd+%H5(d$'%Hs7!%H¡.h%�.X%y?%,[%t.6I+%~�X"%1%T$2#U%L[(h%1%21Td+% +�Y"%5"2#U(?%8"% Q$%��4 %1%=��%H4��=% .a(±0�%LY"%>T?%%,6?N!%~�X"%#$(Y%8"%#6G:[%5(d$'%1%¡.h%H_:[%_$"%'2%,M%¨+(l%TO7+% g()?%5"N$"%ui:6M%5Nw%&'(hc%1%>2#M%&'(Q)E%5"'(QjU%([%�\$N!% .l�%\$N!%>T-U%'T:�%~(!%,[%H`NX($

�43%H4��=%~N.[%1%#.[%��4�%H5()E�%@LY1"%¡.h%oV%,[%N6$(Og1"%�"#d+%&(E%,i:6M%1%9-z!%,Y'T+%H�¡.h%�.X%([%H�@E%����%5(6Y2'"%¨+(l%TO7+%5Nw% XNO.Y%r'12%8"%&21Td+%u:-["%`(-:a9J%'2%H_$"%8"%y:;%LBl% 0NM%8"%#:©% RNzV%8"%�&#OE%�4 <%��3�%44_$19X%¨+(l%TO7+%q(J'()V%Ti-U%1%�¡.h%�.X%([�%,$'T:�%L.S%,[% !(I.$"%r'12%'2%,:-["%ui:6M%'2%s7!%1%�(X'%H¡.h%­NzV%8"%5"1"#0%r2(C6Y"%@LY"%>T?%>2(C6Y"% 7$N!%,i:6M%,*:['%�"#d+%'2%"'%~�X"%�"N!"%8"% $(E%,!N)!%�4=%1%�%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@LY"%y!"2#U(?%1%`NX($%T-!(+%&2"#0"%2Nl1@T$2%5"NJ% +%��(X'%1%¡.h�%T!#+%TO7+%�"#d+%1%�s7!�%>1(Y%¨+(l%TO7+% [N-l%5(67i?%�"#d+%H�¡.h�%5NJ(V

%u-:+8%'2%`(-:a9J%5T?%>2190"%1%T!"% 0NM%,[%Li7!%&#J%5"1'%1%#J%~#!%`(M#�%&"'"2%,M% 0NM%#:©%&(E%,i:6M%k"1'%([%s:?%L[#J%,SN)O+%'2%(E%b!(+#M%TO7+%1%_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+%e(-[%'12%(J%'12%ui:6M%T-!(+%9:!%(E%,i:6M%­NzV%H,i:6M%@T!2#M%%LM#�%qNn!% F-E()E%1%(6Y"'%'2%1%T!T?%#J%�(:Y%H(E%%&#ijU%1#G:;%T!1'%'2%��6GE%5#X%~12%u):!�%~(l%([%­NzV% E"#)E%1%�(:Y%­NzV%&#:U'(M%,[%1%,i:6M%u-:+8%'2%`(-:a9J%bUT:j:;%y$"90"%_$"%��%r'()?%#$N/J�%H4��=% .a(±0�%�7.7+%¡.h%,[%,M%>'12%_$"%¡.h%x(V%&(E%,i:6M%8"%>2(C6Y"%¡S([%5(+8%'1#+%,[%b):.Y"%qNn!

%�3%r'()?%#$N/J�%@T?%HT!"%W1#*+% !(I.$"%¡.h%($%�=�=

">'n&(o/',N'_56789'()5*'M&g5*'K='K16RG'(RT6='\g$p'Uq[a%`NX($%5Nw% Y(-?#Y%5(7$N-?NV%2Nl1%([%1%&#)X%&#OE%�6GE%1%�6CE%51#X%'2% 7$N-?NV%L:)E"%,[%,lNJ%([%8"%5c%�zY% U2(Y%1%,i:6M%u-:+8%52#M%'(F!%1%yn!%#;̄%([%1%5(7$N-?NV%_60#U%L+TV%,[%([%5"'(QjU%H )/*67+%#/-S%,M% $(E%�"#d+%8"%,!N)!%_:g1"%@T!2190"%(E%�"#d+%'2%,i:6M%#6G:[%rN.l%#[%He#)X%e#OE%�6GE%5#X%�$"1"%21T�%'2%N6$(Og1"%�"#d+%ui:6M%H5c%8"%\;%@LY"%��@E%��=�%~(z7[%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%HT?([% +%oV%(E%5c% -:a9J% .D"�4�%1%�%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@LY"%>T?%"#l"%#:F)Gw%1%bg(S%'(:7[%1%q1'%_:)E%,[%9:!%��@E%�4��%5(BCD"%¨+(l%TO7+%>T--M%_:a9J% .D"%yn!%¡.h%ui:6M%H�"#d+%�'9[%ªNX%51'2%,M%e'NR%,[%LY"%b.D"%#/-S%H�"#d+%_$"%'2%,i:6M

%@LY"%>2#M%2(O$"%"'%&"%>T-$"90% $(i$8%H�"#d+%&9M#+%u:�(!%'2%Tn*+%�'N+% 0NM%H5c%#[%>1�S%H2'"2%"'% .D"%#D(-S%8"% Q$%H YT-E%1% E(:U% -:a9J%#D(-S%'(-M%'2%#/S%_$"%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%'2%(E%,i:6M% .M%'NR%,[%8"%LY2#[8%5(�"#R%H#/S%_$"%'2%@T!"%>2"2%x(/6V"%2NV%,[%"'%&#ijU%}NzY%8"%&"%>T)S%yI[%,M%T-67E% -:a9J%`(-:a9J%5T+c%2Nl1%,[%¡S([%1%T!"%>2#M%>2(C6Y"%_7�"%Nd!%,[%(E%5c%([%f:M#J%'2%($%1%#D(-S%#F$2%'(-M%'2%oV%~�X"

@LY"%>T?%#/S%_$"%'2%_:a9J%,!NU%_$"%5T:Y'%k1"%,[%�$]2%8"%2NV%,M%%>T?%&2#0%,[#/d-+%&#ijU

%��@E%�==�%_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+% [N-l%uBil%&T-[#)M%ui:6M%����%#$N/J@LY"%>T?%"#l"%&#J%�(:Y%1%~#!%¡.h%�.X%([%,M

%5#X%~12%u):!%H~(l%L[#J%,SN)O+%(E%b!(+#M%TO7+%�"#d+%��3�%#$N/J�"#d+%'12%(J%'12%�7.7+%¡.h%%ui:6M%H�6GE

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

"

%+(123',N'4= $L./'@' %"5='+">'K16RG'N(=,"G'Ur[a%8"% .n*+%1% $(-[%£:-QJ%�1#?%@T-67E% !c#X%`($c%($%1%ªTn+%`"'(iS%($% +(Y"%�+(?%p(+N)S% $(-[%&(E%,i:6M%'(:7[% ?(M%>"#)E%,[%&#lc%`(-:a9J%rN:?%_$"%9:!% !(I.$"%&(E%>'12%'2%@LY"% XNO.Y%1%&N!9©%&(E%&'(M#lc%Ti-U %`(-:a9J %,!NU%_$" %'2 %@2'"2 %2Nl1 %,:!(z.Y %Ti-U %'2 %£:-QJ %�N! %_$" %2#0%,[#/d-+ %u!N)! %@LY" %>T? %>2(C6Y"

%@2#M%>TE(G+%5"NJ% +%HT-67E%5T!"NV%�[(X%12#E%H¶(:[%1%2"NY%,M%"'%&"%,!(U12%&(E%,i:6M%H,:!(z.Y%8"% $(E%,!N)!%@LY"%�U%H>T?%>2(C6Y"%'([%_:g1"%&"#[% !(I.$"%&'()*+%`(-:a9J%'2%>N:?%_$"%,[%,M% dg(/+%8"% Q$%#$1(/J�%5"#Q[#:;%r#in+%'2% .n*+%ui:6M%H5(l#6?"%¨+(l%TO7+% [N-l%¨.¥%'2%T)d+%1%¦"%ui:6M%'2%5"NJ% +%"'%5c%~(l%s:?%L[#J%,SN)O+%�:6S%TO7+%&(E%5N6Y%'2%�¦"%�NY'%T)d+%H¦"%]"%,g"%]�%`'(iS%1%�4=%1%44%r'()?%1%T-[%́ N.M%%rN:?%12%,[%,M%L0($%�==%H4��=%£i).U�%��@E%�=�%21T��%&#)X%&#OE%�6GE%5#X%�$"1"%,[%�.*6+%�"#d+%'2%\$%r'NY%8"% $(E%yI[%(i$8%1%t$#³%'(:7[%rN:?%_$"%([%_:-j)E%@T!"%>T?%"#l"%&#lc%}#R%&8(Y%,:i?

�=3%1%= %r'()?%#$1(/J�%@LY"%>T?%£�%>1(Y%¨+(l%TO7+% [N-l%5(67i?% !(I.$"%,[%�N7-+

%4"56789',N'B!P(d'@',N"/'S16RG'P&'AN"QRJ&'s6t@&'Uu[a

%,i:6M%t$2'%12%�+(?%,M%T!N?%b+%>T$2%e#ijU%`(-:a9J%'2%b$(E%,i:6M%H`(-:a9J%'2%'([%_:g1"%e"#[%b!(I.$"%r'12%'2%#J%�'9[%H2'"2%'"#X%#J%_:$(;%t$2'%'2%,M%e"%,i:6M%@T-$NU%b+%T!8#0%1%'2(+%ui:6M%H5c%,[%p(��zD"%1%T!#F$TQ$%�2%'2%12%_$"%@2'"2%'"#X%#J%�'9[%ui:6M%e1'%#[%]([%t$2'%'2%HLY"%#J%t$#³%1%�9$'%�.X�%#J%£wNM%,Q!c%1%LY"%�L?'2%�.X�%Ti-U%,!(V%L[#J%T-!(+%>'12%_$"%,[%�.*6+%,:-["%b+()J%p(i$#nJ%�4�3%H4���%�N;�%@T!#F$TQ$%�)Q+% g1%9$()6+%,i:6M%����%NX#["%¨+(l%TO7+%H��@E%�==�%_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+%H��@E%�4=�%5"#Q[#:;%,*n[%H��@E%�4�%21T��%,:!(z.Y

%Hb!(I.$" %r'12 %H5(l#6?" %TO7+ %��4=� %#$N/J%e8(Y%,:i? %£:-QJ %([ % .n*+ %,i:6M %8" % GI[%�T)d+�%_:$(;%'2%1%�¦"�%]([%'2%@e#lc%}#R

@LY"%>T?%,6?N!

@LY"%5($()!%�"#d+%`(-:a9J%'2%¡.h%&(E%,i:6M%«!'#;%yn!%H��@E%�4��%5(BCD"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%��4��%#$N/J@LY"%>T?%"#l"%�:)S%,67l#[%1%,67l#[%£:-QJ%([%,M%yn!%#;%&"%,-:+8%([%¡.h%,i:6M%LYTQ$%�zY%�]([%LY"'%L)Y%#$N/J

@LY"%>T?%£�% !(I.$"%#/S%5(7$N-?NV%8"%�'T:�%�)S�%(B6!"%'2%,M%¡.h%,i:6M%�oY1%LY"'%L)Y%#$N/J�¦"% g1% .S%¦"%�NY'%T)d+%¦"%]"%,g"%]�%Tn*+%�'N+% 0NM%,i:6M%�_:$(;%LY"'%L)Y%#$N/J

%H !(I.$" %r'12 %H5"#Q[ %#:; %>#in+ %��44� %#$N/J%£:-QJ %([ %�#G� %>'NY� % $(-[ %,i:6M %8" % GI[� !"#Q[%,d:.+%�\QS�%e#lc%}#R%e8(Y%,:i?

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

""

%@T-67E%T!8#0%1%'2(+%,i:6M%e"'"2%��@E%����%29$%_$Tg"%\)?%T:Y%r#in+%1%��@E%�=��%_$Tg"%_M'%T:Y%r#in+%H��@E%�E%�2%'2%4�ªNQ*+%`'ND%,[%HT!8#0%1%'2(+%,i:6M%8"%big(l%,!N)!%�"#d+%,l1%,Y%'2%_$Tg"%_M'%T:Y%r#in+%'2%"'%,:-["%'2%ªNQ*+%ui:6M%,!NU%_$"%2#['(M%H5(nnd+%�4 %r'()?%#$N/J�%@LY"%_:a9J%,!NU#E%8"%e'(S%,M%2'"2%2Nl1%'2(+%ui:6M%([%,M%2'"2%'"#X%e"%,i:6M%H>#in+%_$"%'2#Y%'2%����%H4��=% .a(±0�%@T-E2% +%Li7!%&#OE%�B!%5#X%,[%e'(:7[%LE(i?%_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%W"#R"%T!8#0%1%'2(+%ui:6M%_:-j)E%1%_$Tg"%\)?%r#in+%5"N$"%T!8#0%1%LY"%'(M#;̄%H�2'"2%>T?#M¢%,!N)!%12%8"%&#6G:[%L+TX%,M�%_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+%ui:6M%`(-:a9J%,M%`1(CJ%_$"%([%2'"2

%��4%14�%H4�%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@LY"%%>T?%"#l"%�:)S%,67l#[%£:-QJ%([%1%2'"2%e#6G:[%�V%1%%�:;%1

%4 'vw="TR/'xyT./'xBL./z',&N'A(3'_dgG'0">'K16RG'P&'{6J@'AN"QRJ&'U|[a%>2'NV%>#U%ui:6M%\:C!%u!N)!%H5c%u.)l%8"%H2N?%b+%L0($%5(:!(I.$"%8"%�iX%e#ijU%'2%'"2%>#U%e(E%,i:6M%8"% $(E%,!N)!%8"% 0NM%&(E%,i:6M%#mM"%H !(I.$"%r'12%'2%@2'"2%2Nl1%W#?%­(['%�"#d+%#[%,M%LY"%4��' �N+%1%# �E9+%yn!%([%�T�n*+�%,[%,i:6M%r2'NV%>#U%`(-:a9J%([%b!(I.$"%r'12%e#ijU%u!N)!%_$#J%b)$TX%8"%H,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%@T!'"2%>#U%�N!@LY"%#:�!% [%2NV%�N!%'2%,M%LY"%>T:j:;%�"#d+%&()!%�(R%'12%(J%'12%,:?(�%�#[%1%�U%yn!%'2%,M%'"12%�Q?%TO7+%�"#d+%H5(BCD"%¨+(l%TO7+%N6$(Og1"%�"#d+%&(E%,i:6M%,[%5"NJ% +%(E%,!N)!%#F$2%8"%�4�%r'()?%#$N/J�%T+N$#0%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%�(R%(i$8%1%t$#³%'(:7[%`(-:a9J%_:-j)E%H~(z7[%¨+(l%TO7+%%�"#d+%H9$#iJ%¨+(l%#V"1"%'2% 0NM%&(E%,i:6M%,!NU%_$"%�4�%r'()?%#$N/J�%@2#[%~(!%�,6I:+c%�E%'24�>#U%ui:6M%([%,M%�#[%%1%%�U%u-:+8�

%'2(+%,i:6M%12%H��@E%�=��%_$Tg"%_M'T:Y%,*n[%�"#d+%��4 �%#$N/J� +N.S%T:O+%�\QS�%ªNQ*+%`'ND%,[%�"#d+%2#U"2#U%T!8#0%1

%'2(+%,i:6MH��@E%�=��%29$%_$Tg"%_M'%T:Y%,*n[%5"N$"%��4��%#$N/J� +N.S%T:O+%�\QS�%�G*+%�'N+%#E8% 0NM%�.X%([%T!8#0%1

5"N$"%'2%T!8#0%1%'2(+%,i:6M%H��@E%����%29$%_$Tg"%\)?%T:Y%,*n[%��4��%#$N/J� +N.S%T:O+%�\QS�

%T!8#0%1%'2(+%,i:6M%H��@E%�==�%_:+"'1%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%%��4��%#$N/J�G*+%�'N+%#E9+% 0NM%�.X%([

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

"!

@T!T?%�#C�+%�c�%29$%unz-+%u:-["% jU%}NzY%&1'%#[% ?(n!%`'ND%,[%4��?N+% 0NM%,[%�$TiJ% !(I.$"%r'12

% %%

!"#$%&'\,@N'h%&@&'0(123'4"56789',N'0,g1!P'K!}'w65C9'P&'~g5R/'@'{6J@'\N"QRJ&'U�[a%�E%'(-M%'2%,M%T!2#U%b+%2(O$"%@@@1%>#$"2%Hb*.¥%y?%H¡.m+%#:�!%bg(VNJ%bYT-E%~#0%T-w%($%£$%'"#QJ%8"%e'Ni!8%,!]%qNn!%#E(³%t.6I+%e(E%t:JN+%($%1%�U%b):.Y"%qNn!%e1'%#[%>(U%H�U%LIJ%�zY%e1'%,[%>(U%(E%,Qi?%_$"%@T!8(Y%b+%£�iG+%}#R%2"�!% Q+%�4�=��%H4���%_+#M"%1%�N;�%@T!"%,67!"2%e#OE%~'(Bw%5#X%8"%"'%£:-QJ%_$"%�1#?%�43%r'()?%#$N/J�%@T!2#U%b+%#B?%1%5(BCD"%¨+(l%TO7+%'2%>T?%L0($%e(E%,QJ%�+(?%H_:a(!%¨+(l%TO7+%#[%>1�S%5c%_:g1"%e(E%,!N)!%(+"%���%H4���%5(6Y2'"%¨+(l%TO7+%'2%H�(m+%&"#[%�2#M%bR%"'%2NV%e2N*D%T!1'%H5(+8%L?{U%([%£:-QJ%_$"%@T?([% +%9:!%'N[(G:!%bI$'(J

@2N?%b+%>T$2%�"#d+%e(E%b):.Y"%e1'%#[%£:-QJ%_$"%5"1"#0%�()*6Y"%�bXNO.Y�%e2($8%'(:7[%2#['(M%£:-QJ%_$"%,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+%1%,$N?%LCE%TO7+%�"#d+%H_:+"'1%b:d$%>2"9+(+"%`(-:a9J%'2%2(O$"%([%,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%�(R%r21Td+%'2%,M%e'NR%,[%HLY"%,6?"2%(E%t:JN+%#mM"%e1'%#[%e8"T!"%yn!%'2%e(E%5N6Y%e]([%1%LY"%#:�!%b[%2NV%�N!%'2%,M%>T?%"#l"%£�iG+%`'ND%,[%e#ijU%8"%eT$Tl%rN:?%(E%,Qi?%_$"%#V"1"%'2%(+"%�=�%1%=�%r'()?%#$N/J�%@T!"%>T?%_:a9J%>N:?%_$"%([%t$#³%'(:7[%b.Q?%,[%(E%5N6Y#Y%H�"#d+%ªNX%&'Ni!8%,!]%£:-QJ%8"%29$%u:�(!%u:-["%p(DN/V%H,:-["%`(-:a9J%'2%5(!c%rT!(G!%LY2%&(E%L+NQ�%1%5(:!(I.$"%L-z.Y%'2%� ig(X%1% 6Y2�%�U%e"%,.D1%`(-:a9J%~(!%,[%e#J%T$Tl%rN:?%([%5(GJ(-:a9J%#6G:[%1%>TG!%>2(C6Y"%�iX%L*Y1%,[

%@LY"%>T?%"#l"%�&'"N$2% ?(n!�% jU%}NzY%&1'%#[%&'"{U%«!'%([%f:M#J%

0(123',N'A(3' JB5>'jgL!'P&'{6J@'\N"QRJ&'U�[a%\-l%8"%&'()*+%`(-:a9J%'2% S"T6["%`'ND%,[%&#)X%&#OE%~'(Bw%1%~NY%5#X%8"%H5(:!(I.$"%8"%y:;%>#U%qNn!%&'()*+%`(-:a9J%'2%5(:XNO.Y%r'12%'2%p(DN/V%£:-QJ%_$"%�4 �%H4�3�%&T)�"%1%,6CQ?�%LY"%>T?%>2(C6Y"%�U%'2%>#U%&#lc%qNn!%HLY"%>T!(+% X([%5"'12%5c%8"%9:!%&2#0%,[#/d-+%&(E%,!N)!%1%,6?"2%'(:7[%k"1'%#lc%oYNJ%1%_:a9J%"'%�U%�zY%&'(M%>2®c%£:-QJ%([%1%T!2#M% +%#;%�U%([%"'%yn!%,-:+8%,M%&'NR%,[%,6?"2%k"1'%9:!%�U%([%f:M#J%y:;%5"'12%'2%`'T!%,[%HW#?%­(['% .Y'(Bw%1%¨[#+%>#U%T-!(+%�U%oYNJ%(i$8% .Q?%,[%>#U%qNn!%(+"%HT!2N)!% +

�4��3% ?([2NS%1%,6CQ?%H&T)�"�%@LY"%>T?%"#l"% !(I.$"%8"%(l#[%>'12%5c%8"%b$(i$8%1%>T!8'"%'(:7[%e(E%,!N)!%1%2#M%"T:;%k"1'%'(:7[%b!(I.$"%e#ijU%'2%>#U%qNn!%2#['(M%&#ijU%'2% YT-E%qNn!%H>'12%_$"%'2%@T!T?%&#ijU% -:a9J%qNn!%8"% a9l%>#U%qNn!%,M%&'NR%,[%HLY"%>T!(+%5c%u.)l%8"%HT!"%>T?%"#l"%�:)S%,67l#[%1%,67l#[%H�,67l#[%�M�% g(VNJ%1%#;NJ%£:-QJ%5Nw% C.6I+%&(E%>N:?%([%e(E%,QJ%1%�=4%r'()?%#$N/J�%T+N$#0%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%2#U"2#U%,67l#[%e#ijU%£:-QJ%([%>#U%yn!%5"NJ%b+

%e(i$8%'(:7[%e"#l"%Hb!(I.$"%p]()6�"%HT+N$#0%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%H]([%#$N/J%��4��%#$N/J�&#B?2(:D%T+(�%�\QS�%H�£[(G6+%HTn*+�%,i:6M%_:a9J%'2%>#U

%,Qi?%2(O$"�%&'Ni!8%,!]%rN:?%`(:a9l%��43�%#$N/J%�@E %�4= %H5"#Q[#:; %u*n[ %�"#d+ %�¡.m+ %'"#QJ %([

� $NM�E%9$1#;%�\QS�

%%H,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%HLY"'%L)Y%��4��%#$N/J%'2%@£[(G6+%Tn*+% 0NM%e(i$8%'(:7[%e"#l"%Hb!(I.$"%r'12@LY"%>T?%"#l"%�(X'%oV%([%,i:6M%#$N/J%·w%L)Y%5N6Y

%

%H,:+1'" %¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%5N6Y#Y%��=�� %#$N/J%e"#l"%([%>"#)E%t$#³%yn!%H&'Ni!8%,!]%H�@E%���

�8(Y%>'(w%_7d+%�\QS�%,!"#E(+%'(:7[

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!#

%,!"#E(+%b.Q?%,[%bYT-E%e(E%~#0%1%>#U%f:M#J%8"%>2(C6Y"%k1"%@2#[%~(!%"'%5():.Y%LIJ%,SN)O+%'2%>T?%L0($%bjU�==%r'()?%#$N/J�%@T$2%5"NJ% +%,67l#[%�M%£:-QJ%([%��@E%�4��%,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%`(-:a9J%'2%"'%«!'%([%f:M#J%'2

% %%% 56789''O6I'4,g`'K=' 23'+">'K2!gRJ'N(=,"G'UV�[a

%,60'%'(M%,[%b+�Y"%e(E(-[%5"N$"%_:0#R%e(E'"N$2%bl'(V%yi!%1%(E%�"#d+%H(E%5"N$"%ªNX%yi!%'2%b-:a9J%%�:;%�N¥N+%£$%5"N-S%,[%(:!2%t.6I+%­(n!%'2%�iX%�(Y%5"'"9E%8"%%~�Y"%�iX%(+%&(:?"%8"%b±*[%'2%b-:a9J%�:;%@LY"%>2N[%'"2%�:;%oV%b-*$%oV%~#0%_$"%,[%#G[%,lNJ%�:g2%~1"T+%�()*6Y"%_$"%T$(?%,M%LY"%>T?%�()*6Y"%eNX%b-:a9J%2([(-U%¨+(l%TO7+%@LY"%b!(+(Y%�:S()Y"%>(?%r#in+%H_:a9J%_$"%([% +�Y"%r'12%e(E(-[%_$#J% )$TX%8"%bQ$%@LY"%8" %�:;%'(zX%12%5c% [N-l%5"N$" %ªNX%b.V"2%yi!%'2%,M%LY"%5(:!(I.$" %8" %�iX%u:-[" %8" %#F$2% Q$%��@E%��3�%�=�%H4� 3% !(+8�%@2T!N:;%b+%�E%,[%ªNX%T:.M%'2%1%2N?%b+%�1#?%�5"T.U%5(G!�%,!1'"1%­1#I+%12%e1'%'2%_:0#R%2Nl1%t.6I+%u:-["%'2%_:a9J%_$"%8"%&2($8%&(E%,!N)!%1%T-M% +%"T:;%k"1'% !(I.$"%r'12%&(E%&#ijU%'2% -:a9J%�:;%@T?([%&T*[%&(E%5"'12%'2%�,.:6:0�%�:;%% ?(M%&(i$8%`(-:a9J%&"#[%&"%,+Tn+%H jU%�:;%`(-:a9J%_:)E%T$(?%@2'"2%H��@E%�4��%5(l#6?"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%H��@E%�4=�%5"#Q[#:;%,*n[%`(-:a9J%'2% !(I.$"%r'12% jU%&(E%,!N)!%1%�&#)X%%&#OE%�6GE%5#X�%5(BCD"%¨+(l%TO7+% g()?%5"N$"%1%(E%5N6Y%1%��@E%����%NX#["%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+

�= %1%=�%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@T!"%>TE(G+%�[(X%~(l%s:?%L[#J%,SN)O+%�:6S%TO7+% -:a9J%&(E%5N6Y

jg3'KJ'+"-!'�"�'"=' 23'+">'n&(o/'s6t@&'UVV[a%,Y%&()!%�(R%(E%�"#d+%_$"%'2%T-M% +%"T:;%k"1'%qNU%,Y%&()!%�(R%([% ?(M%&(E%�"#d+%H&#OE%�6CE%5#X%'2%r'12%8"%y:;%(E()!%�(R%,!NU%_$"%�3�%H4���%&2(OY�%@22#U% +%�#J%£wNM�%'"2%>9:J% g�E%&()!%�(R%_$9F$(l%qNU%H ?(M%&(E%�"#d+%([%5(+8%�E%p(i$#nJ%@LY"%>TG!%L$¸'% E(G+8'"NV%1% XNO.Y%&#ijU%&(E%�"#d+%'2% !(I.$"%1%��@E%����%,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%T-!(+%5(O$(['¢c%unz-+%'2%qNU%,Y%&()!%�(R%([%9:!%&#ijU%&(E%�"#d+

�=�%r'()?%#$N/J�%@T!"%>T?%"#l"%��@E%��4�%T!#+%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+% %%

%�#J%£wNM�%~12%()!%%�(R%'12%�:;%`(-:a9J%��=��%#$N/J%b!(I.$"%r'12%H5"#Q[#:;%,*n[% .D"%�"#d+

%� !"#Q[%,d:.+%�\QS�

%H,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%&"#Y#Y%�(R%#$8%`(-:a9J%��==�%#$N/J%([%>#U%bYT-E%yn!%'2% E(:U%qNn!%Hb!(I.$"%r'12%1%9iY%HT:CY%&(E%«!'%'N±�%Hbg(VNJ%1%#;NJ%£:-QJ

@qNn!%#6B[%rN.l%LBl%,-:+8%9+#X

%,+'NY %T-M %y?� %>#U %bYT-E %yn! %��=4� %#$N/J%�"#d+%2#U"2#U%H E(:U%qNn!%([%f:M#J%'2%�5"2#U%1 %#;NJ %£:-QJ %@b!(I.$" %r'12 %HT+N$#0 %¨+(l %TO7+%�\QS�%#F$TQ$%([%f:M#J%'2%T-.[%,67l#[%1% g(VNJ

@�&#B?2(:D%T+(�

@ !(I.$"%r'12%H,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%8"% GI[%�·w%L)Y%#$N/J%��=��%#$N/JT!#+%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%qNU%,Y%&()!%�(R%����%r'()?%#$N/J%HqNU%,Y%&()!%�(R%��=�%r'()?%#$N/J%H£iG+%&#ijU%rN:?%��4�%r'()?%#$N/J

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!$

% 23'Y!(L/'+">'n&(o/'s6t@&'UVZ[a%&"#[%9:!%&#lc%&(E%�"#d+%'2% 6�%1%Ti-U%&(E%&8(Y%,?NU%'2%1%T?%�NdJ%'(w2% XNO.Y%r'12%'2%\!#n+%£:-QJ%&(l%5c%8"%\;%1%2#M%"T:;%k"1'%5(:!(I.$"%r'12%'2% jU%\!#n+%�"#d+%(+"%�=�=%H4��3%�J(��%@T?%>2(C6Y"%_:a9J%¨+(l%TO7+%'2%"'% !(I.$"%r'12% jU%\!#n+%&(E%�"#d+%8"% $(E%,!N)!%@2"2% ?(M%\!#n+%&(E%�"#d+%,[%"'%2NV

�=�%1%=�%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@L0($%5"NJ% +%5(l#6?"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%�#J%£wNM�%~12%ujX(R%1%�:[2'"

',N '"�-;'\(6�!P '@ 'v(�I 'B5D'h3z '4P@,'@ ' J"1*'A"<'h3'HL!'\N(Rb3'N(=,"G 'UVa[a+(123'jgL!

%'2%&'2®"%_E2%1% .:0%~NR#V%qNn!%>"#)E%,[%&'(+NR%1%&'(+% ):.Y"%T-!(+%5(:!(I.$"%8"%y:;%§$"'% E(:U%qNn!%@T!'"2'NV#[%&#6G:[% UT:j:;%1% F6Y"'c%HL0"#³%8"%H>'12%_$"%'2%,M%`1(CJ%_$"%([%HT!"%,60'%'(M%,[% !(I.$"%&#ijU%�ªNJNg�% Y(iS%>(?%�U%1%�#¹;%T-w�%`81'%�U%yn!%8"%5(:XNO.Y%r'12%�N)*+% E(:U%qNn!%#[%>1�S%H>'12%_$"%'2% XNO.Y%8"% !(I.$"%&#ijU%qNn!%9$()J%,l1%T!"NJ% +%,M%LY"%>T?%>2(C6Y"%&#ijU%'2%�'T!|+�%(�)V%r#:O!8%yn!%1% !(+#M%TO7+%�"#d+%H,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%'2%qNn!%_$"%8"% $(E%,!N)!%�=3%1%=�%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@T?([%,[%N6$(Og1"%�"#d+%1%5($N.S%Ti-U%H9$#iJ%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%H5"#Q[#:;%r#in+%'2#Y%H~(l%s:?%L[#J%,SN)O+%'2

@T!"%,60'%'(M

%&()!%�(R%'2% jU%\!#n+%H5(l#6?"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%��=��%#$N/J% -:a9J%�:;%@LY"%>T?%_:a9J% jU%&"%,.D1%£:-QJ%([%,M%�"#d+%#J%£wNM@LY"%5($()!%�"#d+%u:?(�%'2% !(I.$"%r'12%&#ijU%&(E%,/IG+%8"

%,SN)O+ %�:6S %TO7+ % -:a9J %5N6Y %��= � %#$N/J% !(XN0 %L)7X %'2 %@ !(I.$" %r'12 %H~(l %s:? %L[#J%�¦"%�NY'%T)d+%¦"%]"%,g"%]�% $(-[%,i:6M%H5N6Y@LY"%vIG+%�:;%`(-:a9J%H !(6dJ%L)7X%'2%1

%_E2%,[%W1#*+%yn!%@�%r'()?%�,V(?%12% .:0%~NR#V%yn!%@=%r'()?%� .:0%~NR#V%,[%W1#*+%yn!%@4%r'()?%H&#ijU% E(:U%qNn!%��=��%#$N/J%'2% Y(iS%>(?%�U%yn!%@ %r'()?%��=�3�%�=���%�=�3 %�Pope VI�%LY"%>T?%9:J%(E%,V(?%&(B6!"%,M%LY"%,V(?%12% .:0%~NR#V%5()E%&'2®"%¨+(l%TO7+%�"#d+%'2%(�)V%r#:O!8%yn!%@�%r'()?%�N6$(Og1"%,[%�"#d+%�.*6+%�#[%&(B6!"%'2%#;%T-w%�U%yn!%@�%r'()?%�,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%&(E%&#ijU

�4� �%H4�  %H4��3%H4���%_+#M"%1%�N;�%@_:+"'1

%�:[2'" %¨+(l%TO7+% jU%\!#n+%�"#d+%��=�� %#$N/J@LY"%>T?%"#l"% XNO.Y%&#ijU%�"#d+%&1'%#[%,M

�qN;(:Y%2N-B[%�\QS�

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!%

0(123'4"56789',N'�!,'{6J@'N(=,"G'UVq[a%,Q-$"%($%L0#U%b+%'"#X%,i:6M%u-:+8%'2%�U%e1'%,[%«!'%p(+N)S%H2NlN+%e(E%,!N)!%,[%,lNJ%([%Hb!(I.$"%8"%�iX%'"12"%'2%¨+(l%TO7+%,!(VTi-U%�(R%#$8%e(E%,i:6M%,[%­N[#+%H5c%e(E%,!N)!%_$#6B[%8"%bQ$%@T?%b+%"#l"%«!'%([%,i:6M%2NV%'2%«!'%�()*6Y"%Hb!(I.$"%r'12%'2%@T!"%>T?%e9:+c%«!'%9+#X%1%T:CY%«!'%([%yJ(-:a9J%1%,i:6M%,M%LY"%5(6Y2'"%H,67l#[%qNn!%u-:+8%'2%_:a9J%LBl%HbjU%`(-:a9J%#mM"%'2%@2N)!%bR%"'%e2N*D%T!1'%1%2#M%"T:;%q#67U%e#ijU%����%5(l#6?"%5NJ(V%,*:['%>2"9+(+"%�"#d+%T-!(+%�yn!%#6G:[%�)S%2(O$"%e"#[%p]()6�"�%e2'Nl]%b[c%«!'%8"%%,:-["%8"%e'(:7[%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%>"#)E%He#OE%�6GE%5#X%�1"%uE2%'2%��4%r'()?%#$N/J�%@LY"%>T?%>2(C6Y"%��@E%8"%>2(C6Y"%k1"%,M%,60'%'(M%,[%#6G:[%rN.l%&"#[%«!'%@@@1%_:+"'1%b:d$%>2"9+(+"%H~(z7[%'2%T$9$([%,SN)O+%T-!(+%'2%«!'%8"%>2(C6Y"%([%T-+#-E%@2N?%b+%>T$2%,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%'2%&#ijU%([%(E%5c%fY(-6+%eT-[%f:M#J%1%�N-6+%e(E%«!'��=%1%==%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@LY"%>2'1c%2Nl1%,[%"'%b$(i$8%'(:7[%#h"%1%>2#M%5"T-w%12%"'%«!'%#:h|J%H�)S%�M%}NzY%_$#6G:[%,M%T!"%>2N[%>'12%_$"%'2%>2(C6Y"%2'N+%&(E%«!'%_$#6G:[%HT:CY%1%9iY%H&2'Nl]% [c%H9+#X%&(E%«!'%«!'%([% jU%£�iG+%`(-:a9J%#mM"%u-:+8%@T!'"2%�.*J%�,67l#[%�M�% g(VNJ%1%#;NJ%&#ijU%£:-QJ%,[% F!'%}NzY

@LY"%>T?%&9:+c%«!'%9+#X

%8" %'T!|+ %yn! %H_:+"'1 %¨+(l %TO7+ %�"#d+ %8" % GI[ %����� %#$N/J@LY"%vIG+%�:6$2%'2% !(I.$"%&#ijU%&(E%,/IG+

%e(E%«!'%([%,M%bYT-E%qNn!%H��@E%�4��%H,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%���=�%#$N/J@T!"%>T?%9$()6+%�N-6+

%H !(I.$"%r'12%,[%�N7-+%>1(Y%¨+(l%TO7+% [N-l%5(67i?%�"#d+%��=3�%#$N/J%�'N+%#OG+% 0NM%~NY%t$2'%Hs7!%~12%t$2'%H $(-[% 0NM%�1"%t$2'%ui:6M@LY"%>2#M%"Tl%"'% Y(iS%>(?%�U%«!'%9+#X%'2(M%#$N/J%_:$(;%·w%L)Y%@LY"

��@E%����%5(l#6?"%5NJ(V%,*:['%>2"9+(+"%�"#d+%���4�%#$N/J%,67l#[%qNn!%u-:+8%'2%e2'Nl]%b[c%«!'

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!&

23'4"56789',N'�6>�9'jgL!'+(63,"G'K='UVr[a'%#[%>1�S%H�U%e9:+c%«!'%r'12%#V"1"%'2%@LY"%>T?%%>2(C6Y"%e#ijU%e(E%£:-QJ%#mM"%>"#)E%«!'%H !(I.$"%r'12%'2%>T?%"#l"%&"%,.D1%&#ijU%([%f:M#J%'2%($%1%��U%W(D%�zY%e1'%#[�%eT*[%12%e(E%}#R%'2%,67l#[%&(E%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%1%(-[%_$"%e(E%}#R%_:[%,M%&'NR%,[%H,60'%'(M%,[%'(M#;%1%t$#³%'(:7[%>N:?%_$"%H5(:!(I.$"%r'12%'2%@LY"%5(�"#R%,M%TE2% +%5(G!%_$"%1%2'"2%2Nl1%e2($8%LE(i?%H zV%s7!%f:E{J%1%e'(M9.0%T-!(+%2NV%#D(*+%eT*[12%@T!2#M%>2(C6Y"%&'()*+%&(E%ª(:n+%'2%qNn!%�ndJ%&"#[%&{©(M%%&(ENFg"%8"%,M%T!2N[% !(7M%_:g1"%K9l%H !(I.$"%r'12%'2%,M%T-E2% +%%5(G!%2NlN+%´'"T+%_:-j)E%�Hattstein, and Delius, 2008, 396�3�%H4� �%#i.$1�%1%5"#$"%'2%`]($"%_:[%'2%,Gn!%1%}#R%�2(iJ%1%>T?% +%>T:GM%�U% 6�%1%{©(M%&1'%#[%&'()*+%&(E%,Gn!%H !(I.$"%5(G!% [NV%,[%>'12%_$"%&'"N$2%&(E% ?(n!%'2%"'%2NV%H`]2(iJ%_$"%��3%H4��3%N.©1"%f:O!�%@LY"%,6?"2%k"1'%5"'NJ%_:[%_$"%'2%H,60'%'(M%,[%'(:7[%(E%}#R%_$"%'2% jU%T:CY%u-:+8%#[%>(:Y%1%9iY%H [c%H O!'(!%H9+#X%&(E%«!'%@TE2% +%'2%,M%T-67E%(E%,7)?%>'12%_$"%x(V% ?(n!%qNn!%8"%@LY"%>T!(?N;%"'%�zY%_$#6G:[%1%LY"%fg(©%«!'% [c%«!'%T:Y%u*n[%H4�,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%~12%r'12%`(-:a9J%'2%5"NJ%b+%"'%5c%8"%b$(E%,!N)!%@T!"%>T?%>2(C6Y"%�N-6+%&(E%}#R%1%(E%>8"T!"

%�� %1%��%r'()?%#$1(/J�%@2#M%>TE(G+%�#C�+%�c�%_$Tg"%_M'%T:Y%1%_$Tg"%\)?

%�o='Uq%H2NV%8" %�iX%5"'12%8" %#h|6+ %'(hc %_$" %,M%TE2%b+%5(G!%b!(I.$" %r'12%e#ijU%`(-:a9J %t.6I+%e(E%,!N)! %bY'#[%H>T:j:;%qNn!%([ %e'(hc %1%>T?%�+(M%bXNO.Y%e#ijU%H>'12%_$" %'2%@T!"% E(G+8'"NV%1%bXNO.Y%r'12%p(DN/V%5(7Q$%p(i$#nJ%�iX%5"'12%,[%Li7!%(B$#[%�U%L:.M%,M% .Q?%,[%HT!"%>T?%"#l"%�N-6+%e(E%�Q?%,[%(i$8%'(:7[%e(E%,i:6M%>2"2%�'%`]NdJ%rT)S%5"NJ%b+%,60#U%`'ND%&(E%�:.dJ%1%(E%t:DNJ%ª(Y"%#[%@T!#J%vIG+%`(:a9l%'2%(E%̀ 1(CJ%1

�2#M%5(:[%#$8%}#?%,[%"'&#ijU%'2%'(:7[%L0"#³%1%bF6Y"'c%@4

(E%,i:6M%u-:+8%'2%,JN[%%1%%�U%1% ):.Y"%'(M#;̄%qNn!%@=&#ijU%&(E%,i:6M%'2% 0NM%8"%#:©%oV%~�X"%2#['(M%@�

&#ijU%&(E%�"#d+%'2%b-:a9J%#/-S%5"N-S%,[%,i:6M%#6G:[%rN.l%@ &#ijU%'2% .n*+%1% $(-[%&(E%,i:6M%52#[%'(M%,[%@�&#ijU%`(-:a9J%'2%T!8#0%1%'2(+%,i:6M%8"%>2(C6Y"%@�

%�£[(G6+%H�G*+%HTn*+�%'"2%>#U%b0NM%e(E%,i:6M%8"%¨:Y1%r2(C6Y"%@�

%([%�U%e1'%#[%bF!'%`(-:a9J%H�#C�+%�c�%29$%,:7)?%uY'T+%��� �%#$N/J%,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%�����%#$N/J� +N.S%T:O+%�\QS�%>T!N?%'"#QJ%,7)?%yn!

%�\QS�% zV%s7!%f:E{J%,[%,:i?%�U%e1'%#[%bF!'%`(-:a9J%H�b!(I.$"�� +N.S%T:O+

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!'

!(I.$"%r'12%�$"1"%e#ijU%`(-:a9J%'2%e'Ni!8%,!]%£:-QJ%8"%�N-6+%1%¨:Y1%r2(C6Y"%@�e#ijU%'2%>#U%bYT-E%qNn!%8"%¨:Y1%r2(C6Y"%@3

% -:a9J%%�:;%`'ND%,[% jU%&(E%,j!N6Y%&#:U'(M%,[%@4�qNU%,Y%&()!%�(R%([% jU%&(E%�"#d+%_:g1"%@44

% jU%\!#n+%&(E%�"#d+%_:g1"%@4=&#ijU%qNn!%'2%(�)V%r#:O!8%1%�#¹;%%T-w%�U�%`81'%1% Y(iS%>(?%�U%yn!%r2#67U%2#['(M%@4�

e#ijU%`(-:a9J%'2%«!'%¨:Y1%2#['(M%@4  jU%`(-:a9J%'2%f:E{J%qNn!%&#:U'(M%,[%@4�

%>2"2%�'%`]NdJ%1%>T?%_:*+%HT!"%>T?%&'"{U%~(!%�4�%r'()?%�1Tl%'2%,M% $(E%>'()?%([%,:-["%�=�%r'()?%�1Tl%'2%#$N/J�%'"2N)!%'2%,:-["%8"%£$%#E%'2%2NlN+%&(E% U�$1%2"T*J%_:-j)E%@T!"%>T?%vIG+%(E%5c%&#/[%&(E% U�$1%'2%&(E% U�$1%8" %2'N+%LCE%(J %y?%�X"T�%>T?% 0#*+%,:-[" %8" % ):! %8" %y:[%,M%LY"%>T?%vIG+%���%r'()?%H_:+"'1%H,$N?%LCE%H5"#Q[#:;%H5(l#6?"%H,:+1'"%¨+(l%TO7+%u:-["%&(E%&#ijU%5"NJ% +%1%T-67E%"'"2%"'%>T?%#M¢%rT-$()!%H(-[%£$%'2%t.6I+%&(E% U�$1%2Nl1%²(dg%,[%"'%,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%1%~(l%s:?%,SN)O+%H~(z7[%,SN)O+%HT+N$#0

@L7!"2% !(I.$"%&#ijU%H,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%~12%r'12%`(-:a9J%1%&#)X%&#OE%�6GE%5#X%�1"%u):!%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%2NlN+%&(E%,!N)!% Y'#[%([%8"%e#)X%e#OE%�6GE%5#X%~12%uE2%'2%�,n:.Y%#::^J�%5(+8%L?{U%([%1%§$'TJ%,[%,M%2#M%­(i-6Y"%'NR%_$"%5"NJ% +%,60#U%"'%2($8%bF67l#[%e(l%H«!'%1%>T?%,6Y(M%�LY"% !(I.$"%&#ijU% .D"%% U�$1%,M�%qNn!%2($8%bF67l#[%#V"1"%b-*$%e#OE%�6GE%5#X%u):!%'2%,Q-$"%(J%@T-M%b+%(C$"%"'%b.D"%yn!%«!'%H`(-:a9J%_$"%'2%,M%&'NR%,[%HLY"%21T!"%e1'%,[%bF!'%,!NU%f:E{J%`(-:a9J%'(-M%'2%�e"%,.D1%e'(M%�U�%t$#³%£:-QJ%,[%�U%bF67l#[% !(I.$"%r'12

%@T?%21Td+%�U%'2%@LY"%>T!(?N;%"'%�zY%_$#6G:[% [c%1%,6?"2%"'%>2(C6Y"%_$#6G:[%T:CY%H9iY%H9+#X%H&2'Nl]% [c%&(E%«!'%&(E#-E %#F$2 %qNn! %`"#:h|J %1 %`]2(iJ %@LY" %>T?%5"1"#0 %r2(C6Y" %«!' %8" %HT!'"2 % )M% F67l#[ %,M % J(-:a9J%&(E% ?(n!%p(DN/V%1%&#ijU%qNn!%'2%,w'(;% 6�%1%&9.0%W1#³%H zV%s7!%&(E%}#R%T-!(+%&#ijU%([%>'12%�E

@LY"%L$¸'%�[(X% jU%`(-:a9J%([%>T?%f:M#J%&'"N$2

@LY"%>T?%>2"2%5(G!%'"2N)!%'2%H>T?% 0#*+%u:-["%'2% !(I.$"%&#ijU%>T?% $(Y(6?%&#/[%&(E% U�$1%L*Y1%�����%r'()?%#$N/J

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!(

0(63'K�6R!%&(E% U�$1 %,[ %5T:Y' %LBl%'2 %H£$%�1Tl%'2 %>T?% 0#*+ %u:-[" %%&#ijU% .:.dJ %1 % C:DNJ %u7$(n+ %�$#R%8"%#[% �"#R%�+(?%(E% U�$1%_$"%@T!T?% $(Y(-?% !(I.$"%&#ijU%'2%vV(?%&#/[% U�$1%>29!(;%H !(I.$"%&#ijU%H(E%�"#d+%'2%xN/V%,[%e#ijU%e(E%,!N)!%'2%�B+%e#/-S%5"N-S%,[%,i:6M%8"%>2(C6Y"%1%oV%~�X"%8"%>2(C6Y"%u$(;%H jU%&(E%,j!N6Y%'2% -:a9J%�:;%8"%>2(C6Y"%H'"2%>#U%&(E% 0NM%HT!8#0%1%'2(+%,i:6M%2#['(M%HqNn!%2($8%bF6Y"'c%�#¹;%T-w�%`81'%1% Y(iS%>(?%&(E%�U%yn!%H\!#n+% jU%&(E%�"#d+%H jU%&(E%�"#d+%'2%qNU%,Y%&(E()!%�(R%8'([%e(E%bU�$1%5"N-S%,[%,M%T!"%̀ (-:a9J%'2% zV%s7!%f:E{J%qNn!%8"%&#:U%>#B[%1%�'T!º+�%(�)V%r#:O!8%yn!%1

%@T!"%>T?% 0#*+%1% $(Y(-?% !(I.$"%r'12%e#ijU%H -:a9J %&(E%�:; %([ %5N6Y %HT!8#0 %1 %'2(+ %ui:6M %H $(-[ %1 % .n*+ %&(E%,i:6M %T-!(+ %#D(-S %8" % V#[ %H>'12 %_$" %'2%LCU%5"NJ% +%`»#l%,[%1%T!"%>T?%>T$2%&(E%&#ijU%'2%'([%_:g1"%&"#[%\!#n+%&(E%�"#d+%1%qNU%,Y%&(E()!%�(R%8"%y:;%5"'12%8"% !(I.$"%&#ijU%9$()J%>Nl1%8"%2NV%,M%T-67E%#/S%_$"%&#ijU%'2%>2"2%�'%`]NdJ%_$#J%�B+

@T!N?% +%�N7d+%2NV

0,&83'�"�J%2N-B[ %H $"T0 %T:)� %H QV(M % dg(D %T)�" %#6M2 %H ?([2NS %T:+" %�5(BCD" %#-E %>(FG!"2 %'2 %5(6Y12 %1 %T:J(Y" %8"% !"#Q[%,d:.+%H +N.S%T:O+%H8(Y%>'(w%_7d+%1%&#B?2(:D%T+(�%Hb$NM�E%9$1#;%HbB!%L7+%y:+%�.7+%HqN;(:Y%'2%,60'%'(M%,[%#$1(/J%b±*[%u:BJ%'2%5(G$(E%£)M%9:!%1%(E%&'(Q)E%H(E% $()-E"'%LBl%�a"�:[%&1#7V%2(E#0%1

%@~'"9U%ª(�Y%'(:7[%,g(n+%_$"

@T!"%>T?%vIG+%�4�%�1Tl%>T?% 0#*+%u:-["%'2% !(I.$"%&#ijU%>T?% $(Y(-?%&#/[%&(E% U�$1%H�1Tl%_$"%'2%��=�%r'()?%�1Tl

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!)

">'c<g!' I%&'NR%,[%HT-67E%2NV%8"%�iX%5"'12%8"%`1(C6+%1%>T?%'"#QJ%>'12%_$"%&#ijU%£:-QJ%'2%,M%LY"% -:a9J%qNn!%'N�-+%@4

@T-?([%5"'12%_$"%&#ijU%&(E% U�$1%#F!($()!%,M%1%�B!%5#X%"'%5c%s$'(J%H5(Q+%8"%>T+c%LY2%,[%&(E%,QY%ª(Y"%#[%1%,6?"T!%2Nl1%(E%&#ijU%LV(Y%&"#[% n:X2%s$'(J%@=

(Wilkinson, 1986)%@T!"%,67!"2%&2�:+%�E2%5#X%8"%�iX%¨+(l%TO7+%`(-:a9J%([%5c%`(-:a9J%LE(i?%�:g2%,[%1%LY"% !(I.$"%u:-["%([%,7$(n+%�[(X% l'(V%&()!%²(dg%,[%(-[%_$"%@�%� �%H4���%5"N¥'�%@T-!"2% +%&#)X%&#OE%�6GE%5#X% -*$%>'12%£$%,[%�.*6+%"'%(E%5c%H_:+"'1% :d$%>2"9+(+"%1%_:+"'1

%1% +(z7[%T$9$([%,SN)O+%'2%,[(G+%&(E%}#R%([%&"%,)7J%&(E%}#R%LE(i?%1% .M%`(:DN/V%ª(Y"%#[%(-[%_$"%s$'(J%@ %@T-!"2% +%&#)X%&#OE%�6GE%5#X%H"'%5(:!(I.$"%r'12%'2%5c%52#M%"T:;%L:)E"%_:-j)E%1%,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%&#ijU%&(E%}#R%5#X�%#J% )$TX% I$'(J%1%T!"2% +% !(Y"#V%&'()*+%,[%�.*6+%H&'()*+%5()6V(Y%`(:DN/V%ª(Y"%#[%"'%(-[%_$"%H'"TU%>'T!c%(+"%@T-M% +%,7$(n+%��@E%� ��%W#?%­(['%`(-:a9J%([%"'%5c%`(-:a9J%1%T-M% +%_:*+%5c%&"#[%�&#)X%&#OE%�6CE%($%1%�G?%,:?(�%&1'%#[%&'(M%\!#n+%1%#/6I+% UT+c%y:;%([%>T?%&#:U%fg(X%,67Q?#Y%&(E%�(R%,.)l%8"%�N^+%&'()*+%`(:DN/V%�=��%H4�� %5"#F$2%1%'"TU%�4�3%H4� 3%#i.$1�%@LY"%%�N^+%&'()*+%`(:DN/V%8"%(-[%_$"%'2%�n67+%&T�"1%5"N-S%,[%,!

%�G?%5#X%�1"%u):!%uB:-["%([% .V"2%¨¥1%1% l'(V%�Q?%²(dg%8"%(-[%_$"%,M%LY"%Tn6*+%,!(6)FE%�(6M%'2%&NCz/+%@�%HLY"% XNO.Y%TBS%&(E%,/IG+%8"%,M%5(7!"%r'NY%($%1%#E2%r'NY%�1"%,$c%T-w%#[%�)6G+%% 0NM%oV%@2'"2%�[(zJ%&#OE%ª(Y"%#[%(-[%_$"%52N[% XNO.Y%#[%2NV%f6M%'2% [(B?%#D(!%1%�J(�% .*+�©%5Nw% !(nnd+%_:-j)E%@2'"2%2Nl1%(-[%_$"%'2%_:)IJ%&#)X%&#OE%�4�%(J%��3%&(E%�(Y%_:[%"'%(-[%_$"%s$'(J%�Herzfeld�%T.C7J#E%(+"%%@T!'"2%T:M|J%5c%`(-:a9J%�N!% g1%HT-!"2% +%5(:XNO.Y%5(+8%,[%�.*6+%"'%5c%�"#d+%�Minorsky�% QY'N-:+%1%�N;%�=33<=�3%H4���% [(B?�%@LY"%>28%&#OE%�4�%"'%5c%s$'(J%1%LY"% !(I.$"%&(E%&#ijU%`(:DN/V%8"%,M%qNn!%2($8% F67l#[%1% F6Y"'c%HL0"#³%,[%,lNJ%([@T-67E% !(I.$"% -*$%&T*[%r'12%8"% J(X(dg"%(-[%�V"2%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%p]()6�"%���<��%H4� �%#i.$1�%LY"%%>28%_:)IJ%&#)X% !(i:6G;%,[%&#C�+%u.7.Y%#:+"%_:+12%H5(+8%_$"%'2%@T?%8(©c%�N^+%>(F6Y2%u$9OJ%�&#OE%����%&2�:+%4���%�(Y%8"%@�%L:)M(�%LdJ%"'%8"#:?%�&#OE%����%~4���%1%5(+#M%�&#OE%� ��%~4� �%�(Y%'2%\�Y%1%29$% �"N!%L+NQ�%HT:*YN["%8"%&(E'(U2($%rT!'(F!%�=3%H4� �%#i.$1�%@LV"2#;%5"#$"%�(^?"%,[%«-g%'N):J%�&#OE%����%~4���%�(Y%'2%,Q-$"%(J%L0#U%2NV%&21T�%s$'(J%H#i.$1%Tg(!12%@T!"2% +%&#)X%&#OE%���%H5c%&"#7!"1'(M%~()J"%�(Y%ª(Y"%#[%"'%,SN)O+%_$"% µLV(Y%s$'(J%29$%H4� �%#i.$1%�4�� %'(G0"�%@T-M% +%&'"{U%s$'(J%�&#)X%&#OE%����%&2�:+4���%_$Tg"%\)?%#iX%«-Y%ª(Y"%#[%"'%(-[%_$"

�=��%#[%5c% -:a9J%ui-l%1%LY"%~»NJ% ?(n!%,[%(E%,.D(0%1%`(M#�%'2%�?N+% 0NM%@LY"%�?N+% 0NM%'"T).S#:;%H 0NM%ui:6M%@�%1%�N-6+%&(E%>#U%H�+(M%`(-:a9J%_:[%'2%5c%�"N!"% V#[%'2%@2N?% +%5c% !"NV(!%($%1% !"NV#$2%¡S([%,M%(O!c%(J%2'"2%,i.©%oV

�4��%H4��=% .a(±0�%@LY"%>T?%,0(¥"% n0"%($%&2N)S%`'ND%,[%W1#�%&]%,[]%'2% C.6I+�4��%H5()E�%@T-?([%>T?%_:a9J%(E%�#[%1%(E%,V(?%e(-d!"%u.:Y1%,[%W1#�%_:[%�D"N0%,M%�Q?%5c%'"2%�#[%@�

%1%5N!%5Nw%W1#�%b±*[%#Vc%1%e2N)S%e(E%oV%#Y%1%>T+c%T$T;%5c%'2%b$"T6["%`(-:a9J%,M%T-$NU%"'%b0NM%oV%,!NU%5c%@3�4��%H5()E�%@T-?([%>T?%,V(?%,V(?%1"1

%1%�U%u.:Y1%,[%`().M%1%W1#�%_:[%u.D(0%H#E �9+% 0NM%'2%@T-$NU% +%#E �9+%b0NM%,i:6M%­NzV%_:[%'2% ):.Y"%yn!%,[%@4�%>"#)E% E(:U%&(E%,V(?%([%#U"%,M%LY"%>T?% E(:U%£$'([%&(E%,V(?%,[%�$TiJ%5c%W1#�%&(B6!"%($%1%>T?%_:a9J%uV(?%1%�#[

�3%H4���%_+1#U%�4��%H5()E�%@2N?% +%��R"%#OG+% 0NM%H2N?%@LY"%>T?%"#l"%&#^R%1%�(X'%1%s7!%H¡.h%H 0NM%�"N!"%,.)l%8"%5(+8%5c%§$"'%­NzV%~(7X"%1%�"N!"%,[%(-[%_$"%&(E%,i:6M%@44

�4�=%H4���%H +�Y"%>'12%'2%5"#$"% I$'(J%&(E(-[%W'(*)g"% #$"2�% .a(±0�%@T-M% +% YT-E%}#R%2(O$"%,M%W1#�%�Q?%¨[#+%($%�:z67+%`(M#�%8"%�QG6+%LY"% 0NM%>TG!%_:a9J%�N!%@4=

%%�4��%H4��=%­NzV%([%1%t.6I+%~(7X"%([%"'%oV%,!NU%_$"%,M%LY"%5(+»NJ%1% 6Cl% -*+%,[% -m+%HLY"% -m+% -:a9J%­NzV%8"% SN!%@4�%�B!%5#X% [#S%`(-:a9J%'2%oV%,!NU%_$"%HLY"%5"2#U#[%($%\M(*6+% -m+%8"% SN!%@T-6?N!% +%@@@1%¡.h%H�nd+%H 0NM%5NU(!NU

����%1%���%H5()E�%@LY"%>T?%>T$2%Tl(7+%1%(E(-[%'2%&#OE%@T!"%>T?%>2"2%'"#X%oV%e]%,[]%t.6I+%e(E%̀ 'ND%,[%(E%>#U%H���-+%�E%'2�%£[(G6+%1%�>T-j:;�%�G*+%H�'"2%>#U�%Tn*+%@4 

�4��%H5()E�%�4��%H5()E�%@T-?([%>T?%#;%(E%�#[%1%(E%,V(?%e(-d!"%u.:Y1%,[%W1#�%_:[%�D"N0%,M%�Q?%5c%'"2%�#[%@4�

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!

%>T?%"#l"%He1#E%'(zS%b.ST)d+%oV%,[%­NzV%u-:O-U%�(6M%'2%5c%,[%,:i?%e"%,!N)!%,M%LY"%� �?N+%b0NM%>#U%�N!%@4�%�4��%H5()E�%@LY"

%~»NJ%b?(n!%1%�Y'%(E%,-:+8%1%(E%,.D(0%'2%�E%1%`(i/6-+%1%bzV%`(M#�%'2%�E%b0NM%�7X%_$"%'2%�� �?N+%b-:a9J%,i:6M%@4�%e2N)S%�Q?%12%,[%#/+%%b7M#w%£:g()+%£iY%8"%#h|6+%5c%e]%,[]%bC.6I+%1%�N-6+%e(E%>#U%�+(M%`(-:a9J%@2N?%b+%>T$2

%�4��%H5()E�%@LY"%>T?%"#l"%bn0"%1%b.D"%`(-:a9J%�+(?%�1"%r'12%�T?([%b+%,E2%£$%21T�%bR%'2%>'12%12%,[%�.*6+%,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%`(-:a9J%Hb.M%'NR%,[%@4�%8"%T*[%,M%T$NU% +%T!#[%"'(['([%��=%H4��4%Ng%>9)��%@LY"%�1"%u$]%`(-:a9J%e1'%b?(n!%1%e#ijU%�+(?%~12%r'12%1%Ti-U%1"%@T!"%>2#M%_:a9J%qNn!%1%,i:6M%([%"'%21T!"%&1'%1%>T!(?N;% jU%21T!"%([%"'%(E%5c%H E(JNM%`T+%8"%\;%,:g1"%`(-:a9J%�:)QJ%@T?([%,60#U%`'ND%8(O�%�60%([%N6$(Og1"%5T?%,l"N+%~(F-E%'2%�&#OE%�4��%&2�:+%4�4�%�(Y%'2%�)S%_$"%TE2% +%�()6�"%'2(B[%T:*YN["%5"'12%�$"1"%1%N6$(Og1"%5"'12%#V"1"%,[%�.*6+%"'%~12%r'12%`(-:a9J%H JNih%«-?NE (Brend 1991, 125-126)

���<��%H4���% JNih�%@T!"%>28%_:)IJ%&#OE%�4�%�(Y%"'%~12%r'12%`(-:a9J%�1#?%s$'(J% -*$%5(V

{="5/@,-$8(;% J"'(G6!"%1% F-E#0%,7Y¤+%�5"#BJ%@5(^+"2%s$'(J%£$'(J%&(E%>'"9E%@4���%@#D(!%H#0'(G0"%¼

@ Y(-?%5(6Y([%rTQGE1�;%�5"#BJ%@ -:Fw%>2"881'N!%#D(!%y?NM%,[%@5(^+"2%'(/�%,�J%&(E%q1(M%@4���%@W%s$'"%HL:)?"%¼%@()Y%1%T!'1"%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@5"#$"%�+(M%s$'(J%@4��3%@&2#)!"Nl%,C:zg%1%H(:!#:;%_7�%Hª(iS%H !(:6?c%�(iX"%¼

%&'(UT!(+ %#[ %5c %`"#:h|J %1 % XNO.Y %#/S%&'()*+ %`(-:a9J %@4��3%@ ?([2NS %T:+" %1 %H,6CQ?%,CR(S %H_:7�%H&T)�" %¼%H«-E#0%>(FGE1�;%H +�Y"%% 6-Y%&(E#-E%rTQGE1�;%@ GE1�;%}#R%q'"9U%@&T*[% I$'(J%&(E%5"'12%'2%(E%5c% F-E#0

@ +�Y"%2(?'"%1%«-E#0%`'"81%H`(R(iJ'"%1%#-E@ F-E#0%#V(C+%1%'(hc%_)O!"%@=14k%@ !(6Y([%'(hc%1% I$'(J%u:-["% 0#*+%29$%&(E'(U2($%@4�� %@k#$"%H'(G0"%¼

@���<�4�%��4��%#-E%u+(-./0%@ +�Y"%&(E#-E%'2%5c%#:h|J%1% !(Y(Y%5"'12%&#ijU%@4���%@�()l%H&'(/!"%¼%@'"18%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@5"#$"%'2% 0NM%oV%#:Y%@4���%@ .S%H !()$"%¼

%@�1"%T.l%@5($'N):J%1%5(:!(I.$"%>'12%&9M#+%&(:Yc%1%5"#$"%'2% +�Y"%&'()*+%1%#-E%@4��=%@~N.[%~"%5(J(!(l%H�:?%H#.[%¼@ +�Y"%2(?'"%1%«-E#0%`'"81%`"'(G6!"%1%�(w%5(+8(Y%�5"#BJ%@ !(F$(�.U% )?(E% YN+%T)d+%T:Y%,)l#J

%@ gN+%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@T!®c%�Nn*$%u)l#J%@� !(Y(Y%1% J'(;%#-E�%5"#$"%#-E%s$'(J%%@4���%@NJ"#?%NJ#i+"%HN$'(+%H .$(YN[%¼@� g1(7$�%"#7F-E#0%`"'(G6!"%@#70"%¦"%L+"#M%,)l#J%@«!'%1%�Q?%&81#:;%5"#$"%&'()*+%@4���%@~(B;c%'NJ'c%H�N;%¼

@5(F-E#0%`"'(G6!"%@~NY%�(w%@'(G0"%&'TD%_:7�%~�©%u)l#J%@5"#$"%&'()*+%@4���%@%<<<<<<<<<<<<<<%¼%`"'(G6!" %�5"#BJ%@5"#F$2%1%&'T-[($'2%tO!%�5()l#6+%@5"#$" %#-E%'2%&#:Y %@4���%@_+#M" %\:.:0%H~(B;c %'NJ'c %H�N;%¼

@ F-E#0%1% ).S%T.l%@#70"%¦"%L+"#M%u)l#J%@ª'(0% !(6Y([%_M(+"%#F$2%1%T:G)l%LIJ%'2%L+#+%1% Y'#[%q'"9U%@4��=%@L$#[%5c%H(:.:J%¼

%@N+9$"%(:Yc%'2% Y(-?%5(6Y([%q1(M%1% Y'#[%9M#+%@4 @,-$8(;% J"'(G6!"%1% F-E#0%,7Y¤+%�5"#BJ%@#-E%>(U'{U%'2%,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%&'()*+%@4���%@«-?NE%H JNih%¼

@ E(FG!"2%2(Bl%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@5(:XNO.Y%>'12%'2%5"#$"% +�Y"%&'()*+%@4��3%@ .*+�©%H�J(�%¼@5(M(+%#G!%H,:!(z.Y%Ti-U%'2%e2#['(M%e(E#-E%@4��4%@#BwN-+%HNg%>9)�%¼

@&#-E%r8N�%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@Tl(7+%@4���%@ +�Y"%>'12%'2%5"#$"% I$'(J%&(E(-[%W'(*)g"%r#$"2%¼@��<��%����% Y(-?%5(6Y([%&(E%q'"9U%@`�d+%,E'NV% .U%&(E%f7w#[% Y'#[%@4���%@8(-B+%H#0% ):�'%¼

@ �< �%�5"#BJ%H�=��@q%#h"%,+(-./0%@ !(I.$"%5"'12%8"%,6V(-?(!% $(-[%(¥'%tYN$%,*n[%@4���%@5N$()E%H5"N¥'%¼@=3<4 %��3��%�6GE%r'12%H~2#+%1%#-E%@5"#$"%b+�Y"%bI$'(J%'(hc%'2%b-:a9J%�:;%@4� 3%@ª(iS%H !(+8%¼

@ =<�4%��4=��%~2#+%1%#-E%@5"#$"% +�Y"% I$'(J%'(hc%'2% -:a9J% 0NM%oV%@4��=%%@%<<<<<<<<<<<%¼%@#-E%1%«-E#0%`'"81%�5"#BJ%@ +�Y"%#-E%'2% !(Y(Y%#-E%#:h|J%@4���%@%<<<<<<<<<<<%¼

@'NGM% F-E#0%Z"#:+%5(+8(Y%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@�"#d+%�NdJ%#:Y%@4���%@ .S%H&2(OY%¼@5"#:CY%`"'(G6!"%@T:G)l%LIJ%T-67+%e()-E"'%@4�� %@(¥#:.S%He8(iB?%'N;(?%¼

@ gN+%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@T!®c%�Nn*$%u)l#J%@e'N):J%1%b!(I.$"%#-E%@4���%@,[1#U%L7!'"%HNJ#i+"%H%NJ"#?%¼

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020

!"#$"%&'()*+%,+(-./0%1234%5(67+8%1%9:$(;%<%=%>'()?

!"

%u+(-./0%@��@E%�O-;%(J%�1"%5#X�% +�Y"%,:g1"%51#X%&'()*+%'2%&#ijU%`(-:a9J%@4�3�%@&T)�"%_:7�%H,CR(S%H,6CQ?%¼@4��<4=�%�� �% -$2%#-E%1%`(:[2"

%&8(Y#B?%1%&'()*+%s$'(J%>#F-M%_:+NY%`](n+%,SN)O+%@5"T)E%5($N.S%Ti-U%s$'(J%'2% Gg(w%@4���%@#D(!%H [(B?%¼@&#F?2#U%1% F-E#0%Z"#:+%5(+8(Y%�#?(!%@&8"#:?%>2"8%¦"%L$c%#X([%,6Y"#$1%@�O-;%T.l%@�[%�'"%H5"#$"

@�*G+%`"'(G6!"%�5(BCD"%@b+�Y"%­NzV%'2%�:ndJ%oV%\.R"%@4��=%@¦"%f:i�%Hb.a(±0%¼@'NGM% F-E#0%Z"#:+%5(+8(Y%@5"#$"%&'()*+%,[%,67["1%`(-:a9J%@4���%@tYN$%T)d+%H !(:M%¼

%Z"#:+ %5(+8(Y %`"'(G6!" %�5"#BJ %@ .+(S%�il %¦"TiS %u)l#J %@~NY %T.l %@5(BCD" %¨+(l %TO7+ %@4��� %@5®1" %H&#$Tg(U %¼@'NGM% F-E#0

%2(:-[%�TBG+%@~12%T.l%@~Tn+%TX1#Y%_7dg"N["%u)l#J%H5"#$"%'(hc%@4�� %@5"#F$2%1%H1#:Y%�:7M(+%H'"TU%"T$%H>'T!c%H'"TU%¼@&N¥'%ªTX%5(6Yc% +�Y"%&(E%yE1�;

%#-E%`(*g(z+%,7Y¤+%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@#0%,67$(?%8(-B+%u)l#J%@'"T.U% 0NM% $"T6["%u*YNJ%1%|G-+%@4���%@tg12c%H_+1#U%¼@ +�Y"

%@��<4�%��4�<44%�@q%#h"%,+(-./0%@~(l%s:?%,SN)O+% !()6V(Y%&(E%>'12%@4��=%@"9:g%H£i).U%¼@�(6M%#G!%1%,)l#J%>(F-[%@ ?1%>#0%~"#B[%u)l#J%@ !(Y(Y%1% J'(;%5"'12%'2%5"#$"%#-E%@4���%@_+1'%H_)?#:U%¼@ F-E#0%Z"#:+%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@�1"%T.l%@ )$#M%#^D"%u)l#J%@�q(6!"%<'12�%�:i!8(^w%@4���%%@%<<<<<<<<<<<<<%¼

@L)Y%`"'(G6!"%�5"#BJ%@&'()*+%`(-:a9J% +�Y"%r'12%'2%5"#$"%#-E%s$'(J%@4���%@&TB+%H2"�!% Q+%¼%�5"#BJ%@&T-ET:[% +N:X%2"2#B+%,)l#J%@� ;(n;NJ%'(+NR�% +�Y"%&'()*+%'2%_:a9J%1%,YT-E%@4��3%@1'%�U%HN.©1"%f:O!%¼

@,!81'%`"'(G6!"@�(6M%#G!%1%,)l#J%>(F-[%@'($#0%¦"TiS%#6M2%u)l#J%@5(:!(I.$"%r'12%�5"#$"% +�Y"%&'()*+%@4� �%@5@Tg(!12%H#i.$1%¼@81'%5"8#0%#G!%�5"#BJ%@5([8#+%9$1#;%u)l#J%H,$#0%@N:.[2%@'%#�!%#$8%@5"#$"%&(E#-E%@�&'()*+�%@4�� %@'%HT!"#i-.:E%¼

- Blair, S. Jonathan Bloom. 2007. Islamic Mongols. In From the Mongol Invasions

to the Ilkhanids, in Islam Art and Architecture. ed. Markus Hattstein & Peter Delius.

Germany: Ullmann Press.

- Brend, Barbara. 1991. Islamic Art. Six impression. 2007. The British Museum

Press.

- Pope, A., U.. (vol. VIII) A survey of Persian Art, Oxford University Press.

- Hattstein, Markus, Peter Delius. 2008. Islam Art and Architecture. Germany: Ull-

mann Press.

- Wilkinson, Charles, K.. 1986. NISHAPUR, Some early Islamic buildings and their

decorations, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art@%

Dow

nloa

ded

from

jias

.kas

hanu

.ac.

ir at

15:

14 +

0330

on

Frid

ay J

anua

ry 2

4th

2020