叠合墙在高层建筑中的应用 High-Rise Buildings With...

Build on Strengths. Design the Future. 预制梦想装配未来

2016-11-21·Beijing

叠合墙在高层建筑中的应用High-Rise Buildings With Double Walls

（欧洲Hybrid建筑技术）(European Hybrid Construction Technology)

Karsten Körkemeyer 教授博士工程师

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Körkemeyer德国凯泽斯劳滕工业大学/ GERICON

Technical University of Kaiserlautern, Germany / GERICON


目录Table of contents

ü GERICON – 德国工业化联盟业务简介

GERICON – A Short Introduction of the Business Groupü 欧洲Hybrid建筑技术的基本原理和特点

Basic Principles and Characteristics of the European Hybrid Construction Technologyü 半预制构件的标准和规范

Normative Regulations for Semi-Finished Concrete Partsü 地震对混凝土结构的影响

Earthquake Effects on Hybrid Concrete Constructions ü 应用案例

Execution Examples


Table of contents






Execution Examples


简介Company fact sheets

我们为建筑工业化提供一体化的创新解决方案

We develop integrated and innovative solutions for industrialized construction.



Prilhofer公司，遍布世界各地的预制混凝土构件工厂的咨询和设计服务。提供从决策性研究到预制工厂的规划设计和生产工厂的建设服务。

PRILHOFER Consulting deals with consulting and design services for precast concrete component factories all over the world. The company offers all services from the first idea up to planning and building a production plant.

RHA公司，专业领域是：城市设计，建筑设计和流程管理。制定简明的城市规划和建筑规划，满足城市区域及建筑标准的要求。

The main focus of rha architects is on urban design, architecture and process management. A wide spectrum of topics is processed to do this. Developing concise urban planning and architectural guidelines as well as experimenting with spatial and syntactic relations apply to all projects.

在建筑结构设计、构件物流及装配方面的丰富经验。根据建筑结构工程设计和当地现状基本要求，预测在施工过程中可能出现的问题，并在规划设计过程中预防和解决。An essential requirement concerning the engineering design of building con-structions is to anticipate and prevent difficulties during the completion of the construction work, and to anticipate and solve possible problems prior to the project realization. ZPP has been doing that with a multidisciplinary approach to their engineering ideas and their processing – in all areas of building.

GERICON is an international acting business cooperation of


GERICON 是国际业务合作伙伴 GERICON is an international acting business cooperation of


ü 超过40年的经验积累

More than 40 years of professional experience

ü 400多名专业技术人员的支持(工程师，建筑师，设计师和技术制图员)

Direct access to nearly 400 employees (engineers,

architects, designer and technical draftsman) ü 专业的独立性研究

Absolutely independentü 世界各地的项目经验

Projects all over the world


ü 全球范围内的工业化建造的建筑物规划设计，

包括建筑和城市规划；以及建筑体系、预制件

工厂的设计和咨询。

Worldwide distribution of integrated design and consulting services for industrialized constructed buildings including architecture and urban planning as well as the design of building system and precast plant

ü 在考虑当地的资源量身定制的解决方案和当时

的气候和地理条件发展。

Development of tailor-made solutions under consideration of local resources and the prevailing climatic and geophysical conditions

服务Services


ü 可行性研究分析

Feasibility studiesü 基本和详细设计（包括：建筑，建筑系统、预制厂）

Basic and detailed design (architecture, building system, precast plant)ü 创新连接技术方案的设计

Design of innovative element-connectionsü 输送物流概念的设计

Transport and logistic conceptsü 成本和施工周期的计算

Calculation of costs and construction timeü 工厂建设招标文件的编制/参与评标授予合同

Preparation of tender documents for plant construction / participation in awarding the contractsü 生产和施工人员的培训

Staff training and supervision of production and construction

服务Services


服务Services

一体化的设计是建筑工业化全面技术系统和经济效益必要的保证，使建筑、建筑体系和生产机械的需求实现最佳匹配。

To utilize the full technical and economical benefits of the industrialized construction, an integrated design is necessary, where the demands of architecture, building system and machine technology are optimally matched to one another.








Execution Examples


核心特点

Decisive characteristics

• 半预制构件在施工现场用混凝土现浇连接

Semi-precast elements are complemented on construction site with in-situ concrete

• 结构所需的钢筋和连接钢筋一部分在工厂加入一部在施工现场安装

Required structural reinforcement and connecting reinforcement partly incorporated in plant and partly on construction site

• 施工现场无需模板

No formwork needed on construction site

• 桁架钢筋和粗糙的表面保证了预制混凝土和现浇混凝土部分的之间的结合

Lattice girders combined with a rough surface ensure compound between precast concrete and in-situ concrete

欧洲Hybrid建造技术特点Characteristics of the European Hybrid Construction Technology


半预制楼板的特点

Characteristics of semi precast slabs

• 混凝土预制层厚度5-7cm Thickness of precast deep concrete plank 5–7 cm

• 预制部分和桁架钢筋的现浇部分的剪切力相互作用。

Shear force interaction between precast element and in-situ part with lattice girders

• 设计和规格可以自由选择（在制造围范内） Layout and dimensions can be chosen freely (within fabrication limitations)

• 跨越一个或两上方向 Slabs spanning in one or two directions



叠合墙的特点

Characteristics of double walls

• 由两块5-7cm的预制板组成 Two precast shell elements with thickness of ~ 5cm – 7cm

• 内外叶预制板通过桁架钢筋连接双层墙结构Shell elements are connected by lattice girders to double shell construction

• 中间空间通过现浇混凝土连接（也许使用连续的加强钢筋） Hollow space is filled with in-situ concrete (possibly with continuous reinforcement)

• 连接钢筋可以水平放置（弱连接控制） Connection reinforcement can be placed in horizontal joint (for weak joint restraint)



可能的连接方式Possible element connections

• 连接：半预制构件——半预制构件 Connection: Semi-precast element – Semi-precast element

• 连接：半预制构件——实心构件 Connection: Semi-precast element – Solid precast element

• 连接：半预制构件——现浇混凝土

Connection: Semi-precast element – In-situ concrete

预制构件和现浇混凝土的连接Connections of Precast Concrete and In-Situ Concrete Parts


可能的连接方式

Possible element connections

• 连接：半预制构件——半预制构件 Connection: Semi-precast element – Semi-precast element





• 连接：半预制构件——实心构件 Connection: Semi-precast element – Solid precast element





• 连接：半预制构件——现浇混凝土

Connection: Semi-precast element – In-situ concrete



楼板构件接头的载荷传递

Load transmission in joints of floor elements

• 单个的楼板构件必须通过相互连接形成一个有效结构的整体Single floor elements have to be interconnected to become structurally effective diaphragms

• 连接承得墙和柱 Connection to load bearing walls and columns

• 对于半预制构件这种连接方式在现浇混凝土层实现了静态支撑 For semi-precast elements this connection takes place within the statically supporting in-situ concrete layer

in-situ concrete upper reinforcement lattice girder precast concrete plank





两种不同类型应力的传递 Two different types of stresses have to be transmitted:• 主要承载方向（剪切力垂直于楼板）Main load bearing

direction (shear forces vertical to slab plane) • 水平作用（作用于楼板的拉力和压力）

Diaphragm action (tension and compression forces in slab plane)

• 在现浇混凝土层静态支撑下力的转移 Forces are transferred by statically supporting in-situ concrete layer





实现构件间的载荷传递 Load transmission between elements is realized by:

• 连接钢筋Connection reinforcement• 复合整体Monolithic composite• 摩擦力模向连接Friction in horizontal joints



优点

Benefits

• 制成品，光滑的顶面和墙表面 Finished, smooth soffit and wall surface

• 运输和安装载荷低 Low transport and mounting load

• 双轴向载荷传递的可能 Biaxial load transmission possible

• 良好的整体硬化效果不需要圈梁 Good stiffening effect as diaphragm, no ring beam necessary

• 不需要昂贵且耗时的模板工作 Expensive and time-consuming shuttering works not required

• 节省建设时间和脚手架 Savings in construction time and scaffolding

• 非常灵活的应用可能性 Very flexible application possibilities

欧洲Hybrid建造技术：优点和不足European Hybrid Construction Technology: Benefits and Disadvantages


不足

Disadvantages

• 现场施工需要额外的支撑工程 Additional reinforcement works required on construction site

• 现浇混凝土用量大，因此与全预制构件相比施工进度较慢 High amount of in-situ concrete, therefore construction progress is slower compared to pure precast constructions

• 混凝土浇铸所必须的支撑 Auxiliary support for concrete pouring necessary

• 现浇混凝土硬化后，构件才能达到载荷要求 Elements reach full load capacity after sufficient hardening of in-situ concrete

• 施工取决于天气条件（在冬季混凝土施工是不太可能的）Construction is dependent on weather conditions (concrete pouring might not be possible in winter)

欧洲Hybrid建造技术：优点和不足European Hybrid Construction Technology: Benefits and Disadvantages








Execution Examples


欧洲标准规范

Normative regulations in Europe:• 半预制构件的设计通常是根据现浇混凝土结构设计 Semi-precast elements have

been generally designed in accordance with in-situ concrete constructions• 适用设计规范EN 1992 Applicable design code EN 1992• 半预制构件的额外设计规范

Additional design provisions for semi precast slabs in EN 13747:

– 钢筋桁架的间距

Distance between lattice girders– 钢筋桁架的位置

Position of lattice girders

半预制构件的标准和规范 Normative Regulations for Semi-Finished Concrete Parts


欧洲标准规范

Normative regulations in Europe:• 叠合剪力墙额外应用标准

Additional provisions for double walls in EN 14992:

- 小的连接必须考虑内部的杠杆臂 In joints the smaller inner lever arm has to be taken into account- 只有当水平接缝> 30 mm时才能考虑整个横截面

Whole cross section can be taken into account only if horizontal joint > 30 mm- 否则只能考虑使用现浇混凝土 Otherwise only in-situ concrete can be taken into account

precast concrete

in situ concrete



美国标准规范Normative regulations in America:• 美国标准是针对现浇混凝土建造或是使用实心预制构件建造

American standards treat either in-situ concrete constructions or constructions made of precast elements with solid thickness• 对于半预制构件没有规范

No specific regulation for semi-precast elements• 采用湿连接的预制构件建造是等同现浇混凝土

Precast constructions with wet connections are generally treated as in-situ concrete constructions



日本标准规范

Normative regulations in Japan:• 板根据AIJ标准半预制楼板的设计按钢筋混凝土现浇结构计算Semi-precast slabs are

generally designed like in-situ concrete slabs according to AIJ Standard for Structural Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Structures

• 在《预制混凝土连接模拟现浇混凝土结构设计指南》中的半预制板和预制墙之间连接的附加条款。

Additional provisions for connections between semi precast slabs and precast walls in “AIJ Guidelines for Structural Design of Precast Concrete Connection Emulating Cast-in-place Reinforced Concrete”

• 以预制构件设计手册中给出了每种不同类型的预制构件的所有相关设计规定。

All relevant design regulations are given in design manuals for each different type of precast element available in Japan

• 双层墙没有具体规定

No specific regulations for double walls



Table of contents




Normative Regulations for Semi-Finished Concrete Partsü 地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响


Execution Examples


地震原理

General Earthquake Mechanism:• 地壳中的快速运动导致能量以地震波的形式释放。

The jerky movements in the earth’s crust cause energy to be released in the form of seismic waves• 结构的损坏是由从地面传递到结构的振动引起的

Damage to structures is caused by vibrations transferred from the ground to the structure • 水平荷载冲击取决于：

Horizontal load impact depends on:- 地下加速度的大小

magnitude of the ground accelerations in the subsoil- 建筑物自身的频率

natural frequencies of construction - 建筑物的质量

mass of the building.

地震对Hybrid混凝土结构的影响Earthquake Effects on Hybrid Concrete Constructions


设计指导原则

The guiding principles governing this conceptual design are: • 结构简单

Structural simplicity• 一致性，对称和冗余度

Uniformity, symmetry and redundancy• 双向阻力和刚度

Bi-directional resistance and stiffness• 抗扭和刚度

Torsional resistance and stiffness• 水平楼层隔板性能

Diaphragmatic behavior at story level• 坚固的基础

Adequate foundation Criteria for regularity of buildings with setbacks



结构连接对结构耗能能力影响的鉴别： Identification of the effect of the connections on the energy dissipation capacity of the structure:a) 位于外部关键区的连接方式

Connection located outside critical regions

a) 过渡设计的塑性铰接外部连接

Overdesigned connection with plastic hinges shifted outside the connection

a) 关键区域内（例如在底层）的大型板的延性剪切连接，

Ductile shear connections of large panels located within critical regions (e.g. at ground floor)

a) 框架关键区域内的延性连续性连接

Ductile continuity connections located within critical regions of frames



高地震带设计规则Construction rules for high seismicity:• 抗震结构需要结构的完整性和延性

Earthquake resisting structures require structural integrity and ductility

• 延性：优先选用延性连接，部分地震能量在整体塑性弯形消失。• Ductility: Connections should preferably behave in a ductile manner. Part of

seismic energy dissipates throughout plastic deformations

• 结构完整性：规范建议对预制混凝土结构提供与整体结构相同程度的结构完整性Structural integrity: Codes suggest provisions for precast concrete structures to achieve same extent of structural integrity as of monolithic structures



混凝土预制构件有利和不利的方面

Favorable and unfavorable aspects for PRECAST concrete elements:(+) 与现场混凝土相比，预制混凝土结构的质量较低Lower masses

of precast concrete structures compared to in-situ concrete (-) 剪力墙系统牢固的稳定性承受更高的水平载荷

Rigid stability systems with shear walls lead to higher horizontal loads

(-) 预制构件之间的低延性连接

Low-ductility connections between the precast concrete

(-) 预制混凝土结构只有较少的有效的能量消散构件，必须假定地震时弹性状态

Precast concrete structures have only few energy-dissipating components available, elastic behavior must be assumed during earthquakes



半预制构件的连接

Connections of SEMI PRECAST elements:构件之间的连接总是采用湿连接

Connections between elements are always wet connections-> 这种连接方式在地震期间表现出优异的性能

This type of connection shows excellent performance during earthquakes.

• 湿连接的优势

Positive aspects of wet connections:

- 接近于整体结构Tend to behave monolithically

- 提供连续性Provide continuity

- 更高的冗余度Higher redundancy

- 浇铸保持系统结构的完整性Add to the structural integrity of the system.



连接问题和解决方案

Connection problems and solutions:• 钢筋桁架不总是有足够的连接长度用于传输大的水平地震载荷

Lattice girders do not always allow sufficient bonding length for transferring large horizontal Earthquake loads

• 通过点状连接的两个预制板之间，允许安装任意长度的钢筋，加强钢筋可以进行垂直或水平安装。

A punctiform connection between the two prefabricated plates allows any length of reinforcement, reinforcements can also be installed vertically or horizontally

à叠合墙可以视同为钢筋混凝土现浇墙体

Double walls can be treated as reinforced in-situ concrete walls









Execution Examples


应用案例EXECUTION EXAMPLES

项目Project: Westfalentower 多特蒙德-德国Dortmund – Germany高度87m(height: 87 m)

产品Products: 预制混凝土叠合墙和叠合板Pre-finished concrete double wall elements and filigree slab elements



项目Project: Research & Development Center 博士大楼Bosch, 雷宁根 ——德国Renningen - Germany

产品Products: 叠合楼板和墙板Semi-precast planks and double wall elements

特点Characteristics: 楼层悬垂建筑Overhanging building floors



项目Project: Koninklijke Entrepot, 安特卫普——比利时Antwerp - Belgium




项目Project: The Printworks, 伦敦——英国London – Great Britain




项目Project: Loewentor-Center, 斯图加特——德国 Stuttgart – Germany



ü 半预制构件的连接可以成为整体结构

Semi-precast elements can be connected to monolithic structuresü 在标准规模中半预制构件通常被视为混凝土现浇施工，很少例外。

In normative regulations semi-precast elements are generally treated like in-situ concrete constructions with few exceptionsü 由于整体和延性连接欧洲Hybrid建造技术在地震区域应用是可能的

An application of the European Hybrid Construction Technology in earthquake regions is possible due to monolithic and ductile connectionsü 在欧洲有很多的应用

ü There are lots of execution examples in Europe

结论Conclusion:“不存在技术原因，导致无法在地震高风险地区，使用半预制构件建设高层建筑。”

“There are no technical grounds for exclusion

to construct high-rise buildings with integrated semi-finished concrete parts

in high seismic risks areas!”

总结SUMMARY


非常感谢您的关注

„Many thanks for your attention.“

叠合墙在高层建筑中的应用 High-Rise Buildings With...

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