Oebs Mission To Serbia
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F I A T L V X…
(neka bude svetlost)
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I BI SVETLOST…
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2002. 2003. 2004.
ZBIRNI ENERGETSKI BILANS SRBIJE (ABSTRAKT) M t.en.
Fizičke jedinic
e M t.en.
Fizičke jedinic
e M t.en.
1 PROIZVODNjA PRIMARNE ENERGIJE 7.84 - 8.01 - 8.07
Ugalj 5.98 - 6.18 - 6.18
Nafta 0.67 682 0.68 668 0.68
Gas 0.27 341 0.27 302 0.24
Hidropotencijal 0.93 10118 0.87 11214 0.96
Ostalo (Biomasa, Geotermalna, Sunčeva energija, Vetar) 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
2 NETO UVOZ ENERGENATA 4.60 - 4.75 - 5.34
Ugalj 0.32 - 0.33 - 0.37
Nafta 2.69 2897 2.90 3287 3.29
Sirova nafta 2.56 2998 3.00 3332 3.00
Naftni derivati 0.13 -101 -0.10 45 -0.10
Gas 1.42 1884 1.50 2209 1.76
Električna energija 0.17 180 0.02 -840 -0.07
3 BRUTO POTROŠNjA PRIMARNE ENERGIJE (PE) 12.44 - 12.75 - 13.40
Ugalj 6.30 - 6.51 - 6.55
Nafta 3.36 3579 3.58 3954 3.95
Gas 1.69 2226 1.77 2511 2.00
Električna energija 0.17 180 0.02 -840 -0.07
Obnovljivi izvori (Hidropotencijal+ ostalo) 0.93 10118 0.87 11214 0.96
4 UVOZNA ZAVISNOST (%) 36.96 - 37.22 - 39.88
5 UČEŠĆE U UKUPNOJ BRUTO POTROŠNjI (%) - -
Ugalj 50.63 - 51.08 - 48.90
Nafta 27.01 - 28.07 - 29.51
Gas 13.54 - 13.91 - 14.94
Obnovljivi izvori (Hidropotencijal+ ostalo) 7.50 - 6.82 - 7.20
6 PROIZVODNjA ELEKTRIČNE ENERGIJE** 2.57 31040 2.67 32080 2.76
Termoelektrane 1.61 20241 1.74 20249 1.74
Hidroelektrane 0.93 10118 0.87 11214 0.96
Termoelektrane-Toplane 0.02 9438 0.06 617 0.05
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Proizvodnja električne energije
Termo elektrane 60%ugalj – 90%nafta - 9%gas - 1%
Hidroelektrane 35%
Kogeneracija, toplane, obnovljivi izvori 5%
Ukupna proizvodnja 2005 – 36,5 GWh
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UČEŠĆE U UKUPNOJ BRUTO POTROŠNjI (%)
Ugalj 48.90
Nafta 29.51
Gas 14.94
Obnovljivi izvori (Hidropotencijal+ ostalo) 7.20
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Ukupna zavisnost Srbije od uvoza energenata
je preko 40%
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POTENCIJALI SRBIJE U OBNOVLJIBIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
Sunčevo zračenje 1500 sati osunčanosti-g.
Kada bi samo 300.000 domaćinstava u Srbiji imalo bar 5 m2 solarnih kolektora za grejanje sanitarne potrošne vode ili vazduha uštedelo bi se 1.500 GWh godišnje, što odgovara instalisanom proizvodnom kapacitetu od oko 400 MW. Takva investicija bi se isplatila za dve godine bez ikakve potrošnje energenata.
Nivo potrebnih ulaganja u solarne instalacije za domaćinstva za grejanje sanitarne vode se kreće od 15 - 25 EUR/m2
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POTENCIJALI SRBIJE U OBNOVLJIBIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
Energija vetra:
•neizmerna količina energije• mogućnost pretvaranja u električnu energiju pomoću vetrogeneratora• pad cena vetrogeneratora i prateće opreme srazmerno sve većoj upotrebi energije vetra• ekološki potpuno čist način pretvaranja energije• mala zauzetost zemljišta
Doprinos prevazilaženju elektoenergetske krize moglo bi se rešiti montažom 2000 do 3000 vetrogeneratorskih jedinica prosečne snage 1 MW,
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Investicije i direktni ekonomski efekti gradnje malih hidroelektrana Energetski značaj procene registrovanog hidropotencijala vodotokova na teritoriji Srbije ukazuje da je moguće izgraditi 867 malih hidroelektrana ukupne instalisane sna ge 453 MW i godišnje proizvodnje od 1.600 GWh.
Za ovaj obim proizvodnje električne energije u termoelektranama bi trebalo da se utroši 2,3 miliona tona lignita ili 400.000 m3 prirodnog gasa iz uvoza. Male hidroelektrane bi ovako gledano uštedele godišnje oko 52 miliona USD.
POTENCIJALI SRBIJE U OBNOVLJIBIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
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Izdašnost 62 veštačka geotermalna izvora, tj. geotermalne bušotine, na području Vojvodine je oko 550 l/s, a toplotna snaga oko 50 MW, a na ostalom delu Srbije iz 48 bušotina 108 MW.
POTENCIJALI SRBIJE U OBNOVLJIBIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
Sa relativno malim investicionim ulaganjima, u odnosu na ulaganja u klasične ekološki nepovoljne uvozne i domaće energente (nafta, gas, ugalj), čija eksploatacija i korišćenje stvara ogromne skrivene troškove, geotermalna energija može za desetak godina, tj. do 2015-te godine da pokrije 10% toplotne potrošnje.
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Ukupni energetski potencijal ostataka biomase procenjen je na 115.000 TJ/god. od čega 50.000 TJ/god. je potencijal šumske mase koja preostane posle eksploatacije šuma, a oko 65.000 TJ/god, odnosno ekvivalentno 16 miliona tona lignita iz kolubarskog basena.
POTENCIJALI SRBIJE U OBNOVLJIBIM IZVORIMA ENERGIJE
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1. Ustanoviti čvrstu komunikaciju sa odgovarajućim vladinim i drugim organima i institucijama sa ciljem učestvovanja u razvoju energetske strategije. Zajedničke radne grupe ili odbore treba uspostaviti na operativnom nivou radi lakše međusektorske saradnje. U tom smislu Misija trenutno ulaže napore da pomogne izradu podzakonskih akata iz oblasti upravljanja obnovljivim izvorima energije koji bi imali za cilj stimulaciju ove oblasti energetike2. Omogućiti pristup informacijama i obrazovanje iz oblasti obnovljivih izvora energije energije, svim zainteresovanim stranama (različitim nivoima upravljanja i donosiocima odluka, stručnim institucijama, NVO, zainteresovanim grupama i organizacijama) kroz osnivanje Edukacionog centra za obnovljive energetske izvore.3. Razvijati i realizovati projekte na lokalnom nivou u funkciji edukacije zainteresovanih u procesu planiranja i donošenja odluka, učešća lokalnog profitnog sektora i lokalnog zajednice, u najširem smislu.
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4. Pokrenuti inicijativu za osnivanje Nacionalne mreže za upravljanje obnovljivim izvorima energije koja će raditi na promociji upotrebe obnovljivih izvora i na programima za štednju i efikasno korišćenje energije. Mreža bi takođe trebalo da da podršku u obezbeđivanju pristupa finansijskim izvorima za male i srednje proizvodjače energije.5. Uvesti ekološku/energetsku/ekonomsku tematiku, u najširem smislu, u školski sistem.6. Mobilisati finansijske institucije kako bi podstakle investiranje u ovaj sektor.7. Raditi na unapređenju mera koje će dati podršku kroz fiskalnu i finansijsku politiku (niži porezi, niže kamatne stope, subvencije za cenu energije iz obnovljivih izvora).8. Podržati istraživanja i razvoj tehnologije.
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H V A L A N A P A Ž NJ I!