!"$%

&'()*+

,-.-&,/

&-

89 010*- 14

!"#$%&'"(2(%1 3&,(%&4*+,- 5%&'6-

bmoj

tahe

di@

yaho

o.co

m

)"* &,!-'.&/0%12-)3456789'7:;&)"*<-'=>?'%@'A&:<BC3D 'EF7'A)-@ 'CG,:)3E,&

!"#$%&'( )%* +,-. '/012 3456789( 6. '5):;# < =*4"> 4. 45+?> 6@ =A$ ',15%( +?> B) =/012 B%CD)B$) 45+?> B$+;,A$ =0/E%( < +F"( GB4,*4A +. 'H0;,-( +0IJ& K4"L M4N 45+?> =/012 O!"A+. 3B$!P4Q 6.)B%( B) R%S%( TP$ O!>4. 45+?> TP$ M!P!U VWXY( Z$ 'Y[. 34Y\5$B !#$%&'( K] T001& < '70@ 34;&B$ 6@GK] ^0_` =P+P!( 6@3B%26. =A$ a)4` bP+1& cY* 6#4*)<B MdP< 6. < +?> 'He$) 4P 'fgh 3456#4*)<B+?> 345i4. B4"@ B) j34L 3B%Ek l)<BK$+?(m O=>$) !5$%* M!?U+. 3+?> +F"( =070@ n+,"@ B) 'H?( :;#345MB<) B) K] 3!"1#$%[,A$ < +?> 608<$ 6,-5 B$+;,A$ =0/E%( +. +g"U TP+&+I9( K$%"U 6. jB4"XP4L 345i4.kTP$ 3Z4AM!#Z Z4. 3$+. 'P45B4X5$B 4& M!> '/A 684;( TP$ B) O=A$ M)%. 3B$!P4Q < n)4/& 'f`$ o(4U G'[PB4&

O)%> 6e$B$ +?> 3B$!P4Q 3$+. 'P%\8$ 6e$B$ =?p B) '/012 qrU 6r;# <)

7$2"%&8" 9 :;< 7=>1 $2"&- %?@!- A1*B1 =C&D E1 F?,G- HI&"&4 JI&K %0 *!( H6LMB $%0 N0O% PQR*MS *!( H"&L- ."&T0O% *UVD HW6C =L6K?- 92O1

)"*&:FBC3D &/=G=T&>X&V"1 PYLZ- .4 / %2[\*/ O =>1 *!( 5*L]^;( *UVD P=6LMBHU,> 5&/*!( *D =6LMB *L_`S PXa4 3&L[- %0 70%10 %?bc Xd %0 2(&De6LMB 5&/O*L" .D Hf>&g =[L[c%0 .4 1% &!"d %1*[U>1 =L6K?- O ^;(#.,-10 *D JLh" O E1*C*g i*UVD %0 *!( jk?'6- 70*L]H-*D %0 P=>1 *UVD.D O% O l?Wm-&" i&/0&D .D =hg P.UC*] ^;( l&UCd .D O% nWo %0 $?4&R 1*8"O%0 eW;( &D 0?T .,L-E LWK1 .D =MV" O .U(10 l?Wm- i&/0&D

7=>1 $2( %&]E&> YLZ- e6LMB i&/2,R1*C &D 1*8"O*D^LV"&Ug X?R2- &R 1% 0?T e"&!p q*!( Pe"2"&-0&R .D O rT&( i&/*!(O ^g&" PO*L"1sO0 ?R%t =>1 0?T *L8'h\ e"&;- =L6K?- O e6LMB ik&DrT&( 0?T e"&V"1 i&/0%O&U>0 &D ^u1 %0 .;,R1 &R O v?;VLV"1*w"&>O xwc ^LI0 .D $0*M-&" i&/*!( v:R%&g O y10*UV-d PQL"Ot =>1 $2(

O OQ"%O1*gt 2"1 .UC&R q*!( Xd y12!"1 ." O 0?T i*!( =6LMB i&Lc1rT&( i*!( *UVD e6LMB i&/.M,p .4 i0%1?- %0 &!,S 7v1387PX1*8R0

70?(H- $0%Od iO% e"&V"1 i&/0%O&U>0 .D &/i*S*D zWT 51*D P$0?M"

)"*FBC3D8( H!IJ 'E:)K-;&5&/=T&>*RE .D H/0{[" O |%0 q%?u%0 L)M9NO :)K-;& PQR,*-1 }R1 70?(H- 5%12R&g =wu 2p1O P=L6oO }R*SH"&-%d %0 *!( PH6LMB.4 50*;RO% 7=>1 5*!( =6LMB &D 0%?T*D %0 *8"^4 50*;RO% 2,-E&L"

72,4 H[WS UVL> ~R X1?,< .D O X&-�?S 1% *!( O =6LMB~R E1 E1*U'/ eR&/.<?'@-*RE *!( O =6LMB Pe'UVL> *;wS }R1 %0i*8R0 i&[D O =-a> O*] %0 ~R*/ i&[D O =-a> .4 2,UV/ .<?'@-*/ =6LMB O X&V"1 0*;RO% }R1 %0 7=>1 I&> e'UVL> O*] %0 j&UR&!" O

O3B$!P4Q G3+?> +F"( G'/012 qrU 6r;# GjB4"@)<Bk B4"XP4L 345i4. GbP+1& cY* 6#4*)<B s 3!0f@ K4Nt$<

15

}R1 E1 e;R .D .p?S ^LI0 .D ." e"&V"1 qaT12- O 2,UV/ X&-%d O00?(e- i%1�]�E%1 *+,- UVL> .D i2,-0?> .p%0 3&>1*D .;WD PO0

7vMotloch, 2001t50?D&" j&UR&!" O �L6bS .D .�"d L FBC3D ; )"*5CKS4 :)K-;& PTE1 v*!(t O1 q&<?,G- O X&V"1 ~L;wS 0*;RO% P2-&@"1H- &/*!( =6LMBYLZ- O 0?T }LD eR12p 7=>1 $E?c O0 }R1 E1 H;R 5%&8"1*S*D &D =6LMB%?B .D .4 =>1 51 $2R2g P2,4e- �*m- �q%&40� .4 ."?] Xd A1*B1zMB*D 70%10 %1*K .p?S 0%?- &gO%1 O eI&'( i&;R*-d i&/�,/*C %0 �&T5*S*D �&c 7X&V"1 q1� &D ^D&[S %0 =>1 HUL,L< H6LMB YLZ- P0*;RO% }R1qa;h- 2p?- =6LMB &D ."?]�H( 0%?T*D }R1 P=6LMB &D &R 2(&D X&V"1 &D$010 X&V"1 .D =I&u1 P=6LMB &D ^-&6S %0 .4 H"&-E $�RO .D =>1 51$2R2<A*GS O ^T0 zR*B E1 H"&V"1 nC&,- X0%Od*D %0 O1 q1%&LUT1 0O2c O 0?(&- .4H"&-E 1�^D X?'R&>� <E .D 70?( 012'WK *Gc O 2cHD P=6LMB %02R&D'' 9 L,4e- $&8" ^D&[- A*B &R �e( ~R X1?,< .D =6LMB .D &/X&V"1{4*> i&/O*L" .4 e-&8,/ j&u?Gf- 7 L/0 =V;( &R $0*4 y1% 1% XdX&'] .D .4 1% X&-=LI&6C �?GZ- PX&C?B O .IQIE P^L> P{Sd e,6R Xd|%0 y2< ."&h" F?o?- }R1 70*De- }LD E1 =>1 QL\ }R*S !- X&-0?T7v90 91386 P^Dt ''=>1 X&'C1*B1 e8,/*C q&Lu?GT O *+,- i&/2,R1*C

2-)34)"*<BC3D 'EF7'A)-@9 0%10 H6LMB =T&>*RE .> Xa4 3&L[- %0 QR*MS *!(

.D 0O2Z- =>1 51 $%0 QR*MS 9)"* <R'I* U'>V)A W'J'S4&, �"% O YWVS PF&wS%1 ^LI0 .D HI&'( 5&/$?4 .4 HD?,p O HI&'( q&<&wS%1

70O%H- %&'( .D *!( HR&"1?T 5&/.wI�- }R*S !- E1 rT&(*!( .4 51 $%0 *6[I1 YT L :;&?,)"% '- 'X &/Y56789'7:;& 5%?Z- 2p?- .4 =>1 H"&R*p 4 ."&T0O% P=>1 *[UV- Xd *D QR*MS

7=>1 *!( l*� &S �*( E1 H6LMB

*+,- %0 52LW4 {[" $%1?'/ HfR%&S 5&/�&D L )"* 'EZ'( 8K3* O .UV/ H;R0Q" %0 H'>% 5&/�&D 7=>1 .U(10 $2!<*D QR*MS 5*!(H6LMB *UVD &D %1?@'/ .4 *'�- 5&/�&D O 2"0?D *[UV- *!( =RQ4*-O*'WK 5&/�&D }R1 72"010 H- ^L;hS 1% *!( O*'WK P.UC*] ^;( ."&T0O%

70?(H- $2L-&" v%&,40O%t %&,;R&\ P*!(H"&V"1 qaT12- E1 %O0 .D O H6LMB j&C*u HR&/ ."2D &/�&D .4 2,\*/=>1 5*!( F?,G- YLZ- &D ^D&[S %0 .4 &!"d H6LMB .M,p HIO P2,UVL"2="&/ X?V;R0 X&p 2R0 E1 70?(H- HD&RE%1 *!( H6LMB 5&/."&-&> �Qp=6LMB P&/�&D P2,4e- ^[" &!"d E1 iO .4 /0Q"&( X*K X&R1*]X&V"1 O~R &R O 4.R?"&_ O 3.LIO1 i&/=6LMB E1 ."&/&]d H"&LD 1*RE 72,UV/ y?>v1387 PX*L�>1t =>1 �&T H"&-0*- i1*D �&T e"&;- E1 i*,/ *LVwS=6LMB *D H"&V"1 q1*LL�S �&'<1 .@LU" .R?"&_ =6LMB 2,"&'/ y?> =6LMB5&/E&L" 5E&>nwS*- &!,S ." .WT12- }R1 A2/ .4 qO&wS }R1 &D =>1 .LIO170*L]H- *D %0 QL" 1% H>&,(HR&MRE O 5?,6- 5&/E&L" .;WD P$0?M" 50*4%&4*!( �*( P*U-?WL4 18 51E1%0 .D .4 1% 0O%X1*!- P*LT1 5&/�&> q&-12K1l&Vc .D QR*MS *!( H6LMB =T&>*RE O 0E&>H- ^GU- Xd l*� .D 1%H6LMB =T&>*RE *8R0 �L6bS 51*D 1% $1% O $0*�> H(?-1*C .S?D .D 2RdH-ld X2(X&R*p 4 &D 7=>1 $0?h] v%&,40O%t %&,;R&\ 5&/�&D H,6R *!(0O%O E1 ^MK Xd E1 X%2- 5E%O&h4 .RO%HD 5&/=(10*D ^LI0 .D ."&T0O%HI&"&4 .D H6LMB *UVD P�O1 5?W!g 5E&>X%2- q&-12K1 �&M"0 .D O *!( .D%0 vO%2,S H>*U>0t *!( H"&R*( *LV- }R*S !- O 2( ^R2MS F?,G-5*!( q&Lc .,Zu E1 HW4 .D ."&T0O% JLS*S}R2D 7=C*] %1*K Xd }LC*B51."&T0O% {[" O =VV] A1*B1 5&/�&D &D Xd HB&MS%1 .[Wc P2( �%&T

7v2O1*RO&GSt =C% }LD E1 Xd~L;wS 0*;RO% 3&>1*D QR*MS *!( ."&T0O% H(?-1*C *LT1 5&/./0 %0Xd 0*4%&4 %0 .;,R1*D $Oa< ."&T0O% �L6bS 7=>1 $0?D =6LMB O *!(E1 P=T&> 0%1O ^WT v%&,40O%t %&,;R&\ *'�- 5&/�&D 5%&LDd nM,- X1?,< .D

!"$%

&'()*+

,-.-&,/

&-

89 010*- 16

v*!( H6LMB .T*\ E1 *8R0 .[Wct &/�&D }R1 50?D&" 51*D 1% $1% QL" H,/� *+"%0 H42"1 O l?,p P�&'(='> .D $%1?'/ .4 *!( .6>?S JLS*S }R2D 70?h]^T10 5&/�&D %0 �?>% �&@- P0?D q&<&wS%1 E1 ^u&c =R0O2Z- %&\0 �*(E1 51.-&"=c&L> O 5%&8"�Lu?S *U'4%0 .4 QR*MS *!( N�&D O =C&R *!(1% Xd HC?UV- �12'c O $2( 5%1�]O*C Xd 5&/�&D qO1*B O %?CO �uO0?T 5&/�&D .;M( X010 =>0 E1 &D EO*-1 v3*R?GSt 2-&"H- �q&�&D *!(�*[C 52p ^b6- %&\0 P*!( HfR%&S NH6LMB 5&,(d*R0 *+,- %0 H"?]*]0 O

7=>1 $2( X12"O*!(zW6S:c�L6bS O QM>5&bC

&,!-'. ,)( &'KE,& 1)"*<BC3DQ[J\']9 'CG,H"&M- }UC*] z"O% &D $�RO .D *!( H6LMB 5&/=T&>*RE 5&Lc1 .RO%*/ .4 52c &S $2( H"&!p EO% R101%&g .D ^R2MS P.6>?S %0 5%12R&g0?T }mD %0 1% HmLZ- q&LKaT1 P�amu1 .D O 2(&D }R1 Qp 50*;RO%H6LMB%?Z- 5&Lc1 51*D QL" QR*MS *!( 0%?- %0 7=>1 0O*m- P2(&D .U(12".D O 5*!( *+,- �*U,4 =!p %0 %&,40O% 5&/�&D O ."&T0O% E1 ^;hU-

9 0?(H- .Lu?S *RE %&;/1% .> *!( 5%12R&g HW4 %?B5E&>E&D ."&T0O% zD&> =L/&- E1 HWK12c q&LwL4 =Vf" y&] %0 51$%0 N0O% .D 2R&D |O*U- H6LMB $*RQp }R1 =fR% %?+,- }R2D 70?(0?( ^R2MS $0?D zD&> %0 .�"d 2,"&- H;RQLC O 5*GD �&ZI .D *R�g�?w"�&MS%1 O .U(12" 2R0 0?T 5*!( =6LMB .D *]1 y0*- .41*\ �v5O4*RO&GSty2< }L'/ O 0?(H'" 0&@R1 &!"d %0 zW6S :c P2,,;" %1*K*D Xd &D ~R0Q"

.6>?S 70*D H- H6LMB 5&/.wI�- }R1 50?D&" .D $1% .4 =>1 zW6S 3&Vc1*RE �*B .D 5*!( �m< .m[" }R1 5&/^LV"&Ug .+ca- &D H6LMB noO

9 =>1 *VL-=4*c =I&c O0 %0 Xd 0*D%&4 &D *!( %0 ld %?bc .D H/0{[" O 2L4`S 71

7H<?,G- *R1Qp 0&@R1 O ld HhR&'" q&Lu?GT E1 $0&wU>1 PX?;> O*UVD .D F?,G- �&"&4 ^R2MS &D H6LMB A*� %0 ."&T0O% }UC*]*+" %0 72

7ld X&R*p H6LMB 5&/�Lg O 5s?I?C%?- .D .p?S O H6LMBO q2cO 0&@R1 O *UVD H6LMB .LcO% 2R2hS 51*D H/&L] {(?g 0*D%&4 73

7HmT .U>1% }R1 �WUf- 5&/{fD X&L- H8\%&�;RHS&-2T O 5%&@S 0*T .L(&c E1 $0&wU>1 74

H6LMB 5&bC .D =T&>X&V"1 *u&,< ^L'ZS y2< 75

!"#$ %& '()# *& +,- ./012 3%4 56%7+)8 3%09: *)#$8#$ ;):<:$%= *& >)?1@ A*/7B@ $< 3$:?)%= ."%1C DEF+G*& # ?-%& D): HI 3<+J)#$ +4 *K 3?9 %@ '?- ."%,IA?-%& *E-:?" <B6 DL& $< :$ .L0MC N%0OP6: AQPLR:

S57: <#+LC+?> G'/012 345=*4A+PZ6.'5):;#<uB)VB%`B)TP$ O)%>'( 3B$!P4Q =7` !p$< G=0/S< TP+&'#4(B] B)6. < K4(v%& $B +?><=/012 6@ =A$ 3)+XP<B !"(Z40# +($

S?TK ';f&w,-0AcPK$%"U�&D =MV" PQR*MS .,mWVI1%10 .h[" 937=>1 =L'/1 Q�&c *!( .D vQM> 5&/.;It71385 PX1*8R0 O H"1*!S 5%&fC 9�T`-

17

Xd A1*B1 5&/�&D .;M( O ."&T0O% P*!( 5%12R&g =!p %0 .;,R1 .D *+" =L/&- 5&Lc1 %&,4 %0 P2"*L] %1*K .+ca- 0%?- .\%&�;R q%?u .D 2R&D70O%H- %&'( .D QL" HS&Lc 5*-1 &/�&D }R1 5E&> $2"E E&D P."&T0O% zD&>5&/�&D %1*[U>1 =L6K?- jkO1 .4 1*\ =VL" }/� E1 %O0 X12,\ y12K1 }R15*!( qaT12- O =>1 5*!( 41*S E1 %O0 .D 50&RE 0O2c &S %&,40O% �% .D *!( ."&T0O% j&L"&_ 7=>1 $0*M" }LD E1 HW4 .D 1% &!"d H6LMB R*c4 H"?,4 X&R*p O 0?(H- $2L-&" �~hT� P0?T X0?DX&R*p*g .[D&>

%0 0*4%&4 =LWD&K PJ>&,- 5QR%.-&"*D q%?u %0 Xd .L"&_ *D J6;-*U-7=>1%10 1% &/�&D }R1 E1 51$2'< {fD 5%&LDd =!p

H6LMB %?Z- P."&T0O% &D X12"O*!( H,L< O H,/� 2"?Lg 0&@R1 %&,4 %0 &D HmT H/&8p*wS O |%&g JI&K %0 �&6C 5%O2R*4 .D 2R&D *!( �?w�-O QM> 5&bCt *!( $2'< E&L" O0 *-1 }R1 70?( ^R2MS H<&'Up1 0*;RO%E1 *!( $*;Lg %0 QM> %?Z- 012U-1 ^LI0 .D P.UT&> nwS*- 1% vH6'p 5&bC

72R&'"H- *_`U- HW4 %?B .D 1% Xd y?D =VRE Pl*� &S �*(

3!". xHp!/. 6A 4. 4?#] 6. '5) :;# < =0H5$ u$B)$ VB%` B) 6@ =A$ 'P45=0H@ G+?> '/012 3456789(=/012 Z$ =1y( +0IJ& o0g_& O!P4H# '( n+,"@ $B 3+?> +F"( =070@ )%* ',P%5 < 'P41PZ G3)+@B4@Z$ Z$+,H5 zP456U%H{( +PZ $B =/012 < +?> 6@ =A$ 'H,-0A 3+X7& < +\# o@ '54N!P) <+N B) 3+?>',D < K!> 6,h+N M!P)4# 34?. 6. 6@ 45+?> +0*$ 345 6/A%& 6. 6p%& 4. O)+0N+F# B) !D$< w,-0A cP345=*4A+PZ 6. 6p%& Z$ +PbN4# 3B$!P4Q 6. K!0AB 3$+. 45+?> G)+0N'( VB%` '/012 +,-. 3)%.4#< 3B$!P4Q 6. 45 6#4(4A TP$ 3Z4AM!#ZZ4. < =|47D 4. !#$%,. =84D TP+& }%fr( B) 4& =A$ )%* '/012'P4Ch K4(Z4A +. o(4U TP+&+I9( G'/012 =*4A+PZ TP+&w?( bP+1& cY* 6#4*)<B +,-. O!.4P =A) 4;.6. K] K!#$)+NZ4. 3$+. B4X5$B TP+&B$~N+0IJ& 6@ =A$ M)%. '[PB4& 345 MB<) B) +?> 3B$!P4Q B%_( <jB4"@)<BkB4"XP4L +Hy( 345 i4. 6X1> 340D$ Gb1A 34Ch !P!> +;h K$+1p B4"@B) G3+?> V40D 6"_`qrU 6r;# <) 340D$ 4. �0&+& TP!. O=A$ 'r* '54\p+7& < uB4Q 6. +?> '/012 n%7�( B%_( oP!1& <+5 3B$!P4Q4# bp 'f`4D 6@ +?> 'f/h 6/A%& !#<B jB4"@)<B 345i4. < 6#4*)<Bk KW@ �40;( B) '/012

O)%>'( cP)b# 3B$!P4Q 6. )B$!# +,Y0. 6L

HB&MS%1 ^g E1 $2( L>*S H4O*4 P5*!( =C&D O ."&T0O% X&L- �"*'4 O H6LMB R*c 9 47v1376P$01EX&mW>t .>?/O0 9�T`- 7QR*MS *-k1 Jc&u .<?'@- O %1E&D

N2@V- $0O2Z- P.U(�] %0 *!( ."&T0O% .D ~R0Q" H>*U>0 O H,/� NH,L< 2"?Lg 9 57v1376P$01EX&mW>t =V4O X2"aC 9 �T`- 7QR*MS *-k1 Jc&u .>%2-

F*/9<.1 7 Simon Bell2 7 John Dickson HuntE1 %O0 .D O *;D P.LIO1 =6LMB 7v41 91387PX*L�>1t ''!*'( H:)K9 ^8-/9'_ FBC3D` 8( N-!34 ; 8#7'a9 ?/b)b: ,& ?c ?'a9, FA: 8O FA, d#BC3D U/"S% 8( L 8CR;, FBC3D'' 7 3

7=>1 H"&V"1 A*GS O ^T0 }R*U;\?47v1387PX*L�>1t =>1 A*u 50*4%&4 5&/E&L" nC% 51*D .LIO1 =6LMB *D H"&V"1 q1*LL�S �&'<1 .@LU" P.R?"&_ =6LMB 74

HR&',/1% .D .4 =>1 ''&'eK-'X 'EZ'( 8K3* 'CG, )( !COf4 '( 2-)34 567 89'7:;& &,!-'. )ge% <G,)D ?,/eJ F04'' $2"%&8" 2(%1H>&,(%&4 .-&"X&R&g E1 .UC*]*D .I&[- }R1 �7=>1 $2( F&C0 X1*!S $&8h"10 %01389 �&> %0 50?'Z- 52!- 2'Z- *U40 O 5%?G,- *L-1 2L> *U40

h('e%7X1*!S PX1*!S $&8h"10 �&\ O q1%&hU"1 .V>?- PyO0 �&\ 7$01E }L-1 E&,!D 9 .'p*S 1)ge% ?'(@ v1387t X?UVRO Xd PX*L�>1 N1

7X1*!S PX1*!S $&8h"10 �&\ O q1%&hU"1 .V>�- PyO0 �&\ 7$01E }L-1 E&,!D 9 .'p*S 1!e-,)> ; i,&:, 1/MR, 1)ge% v1386t X?'R&> P^D N27X&]Q-*/ X1E&> };V- O X1*'<=4*( PX1*!S P�O1 �&\ 7e,L-1 eI&( 2LcO 1Tc &'eO j&'IB% ; j)"* dG,)D v1387t ^R*> P."?'L> O e,Lp*RO P%?C?I X?;Lg ��LWLC PXdO0 �0?W4 POQ"%O1*g N3

7X1*!S PH8,/*C 5&/{/O�g *UC0 P�O1 �&\ 1?,)-, &'IB% &: &,/#A, <#67 2-)34 v1376t }LVc P$01E X&mW> N47X1*!S PX1*R1 5*!( 5E&V!D O X1*'< =4*( P�O1 �&\ 12-)34 )"* <k-&'4 'E 86]9 <9,/7@'( v1385t*L-1 P0?6V- H"&D �E*-1*C PH>%&g �0&/*C PH"1*!S 5%&fC N5

6- Motloch, John L. (2001) Introduction to Landscape Design, 2nd edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York.