Nota Pengurusan_osh Dr Yasriza 130105

8/8/2019 Nota Pengurusan_osh Dr Yasriza 130105

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PENGURUSAN OSH

DR YASRIZA YAHAYA MD


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MATLAMAT

1. Memahami asas-asas pengurusan OSH.

2. Mengenal tujuh elemen asas pengurusan

OSH yang berkesan.

3. Dapat menerangkan kunci proses yang

penting untuk setiap elemen program

pengurusan OSH.


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The Oregon USA OSHA Safety &

Health Program Model Tujuh asas yang penting:1. Management Commitment

2. Accountability (tanggung jawab)

3. Employee Involvement (penyertaan pekerja)

4. Hazard Identification & Control (pengesan hazad dan kawalan)

5. Incident/Accident Investigation (siasatan insiden dan kemalangan)

6. Training (Latihan)

7. Plan Evaluation (Kajian semula)


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Inputs = Resources

Processes = Activities

Outputs = Conditions, Behaviors, Results

Every system is designed perfectly to produce what it

produces

Sistem pengurusan OSH

Apa akibatnya jika sistem itu tidak dirancang atau dilaksanakan dengan baik?

Dimana kita mencari kelemahan perancangan sistem atau kelemahan

perlaksanaan sistem?


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ELEMENT 1

Komitmen pihak pengurusan

atasan (TOP MANAGEMENT

COMMITMENT)Apa yang menggerakkan syarikat untuk melaksanakankeselamatan dan kesihatan?

Kompeni saya melaksanakan keselamatan pada asasnya ialah kerana

1. Elak hukuman OSHA. ________

2. Kurangkan kos tingkatkan keuntungan ________

3. Untuk memastikan pekerja selamat ________

Class Ranking

1 2 3

Make a bar graph to show how the

class ranked each statement.

12

108

6

4

2


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What is Top Management Commitment?

T________ M _______ C _________ Expression of leadership

What has management done to demonstrate commitment at yourworkplace?

Time, money, communications = TMC

Apa yang boleh dilakukan untuk mendapatkan komitmen pihakpengurusan?


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Direct -

Insured Costs

Indirect - Uninsured, hidden Costs - Out of pocket

Just the tip of the iceberg

What do accidents cost your company?

Unknown Costs - 1. Human Tragedy2. Morale3. Reputation

Oregon average to close a claim = $10,000

Oregon estimated average = $18,000

Average direct and indirect accident costs

No lost time injury: $7,000Lost time injury: $28,000Fatality: $910,000

Direct to Indirect Accident Cost Ratios

Direct cost of claim Ratio of indirect todirect costs

$0-2,999 4.5$3,000 - 4,999 1.6$5,000 - 9,999 1.2$10,000 or more 1.1

Unseen costs can

sink the ship!

- Iceberg


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What injuries are causing the most claims in Oregon?

1999 Average Cost ForDisablingClaims

By Event or Exposure

- C t


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Safety Pays! OSHAAdvisor

The injury or illness selected: Strain

Average Direct Cost: $5,945

Average Indirect Cost: $7,134

Estimated Total Cost: $13,079

The net profit margin for this company is 4 %The ADDITIONAL sales necessary

- to cover Indirect Costs are: $178,350

- to cover Total Costs are: $326,975


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Proactive Programs Reactive Programs

They dontcare...

They careabout me!

ProactiveVs. ReactiveSafety&HealthManagement

What'sproactive? What's reactive?

Whatprograms areemphasized?


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ELEMENT 2 -

TANGGUNGJAWAB

(ACCOUNTABILITY)

Six essential elements of an effective accountability system

1. Established formal standards of behavior and performance.

2. Resources provided to meet those standards.

3. An effective system of measurement.

4. Application of effective consequences.

5. Appropriate application of consequences.

6. Evaluation of the accountability system.


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Management/Employee Accountability

ManagerAccountabilities

EmployeeAccountabilities

Why does management have seven accountabilities, and employees onlythree? Is that fair?


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Before pointing the finger of blame, make suremanagement all obligations to the employee have beenfulfilled.

Why does the employer have more accountabilities than theemployee? Is that fair?

How are employees held accountable in your workplace?

Whats withthat?

When is a supervisor justified in disciplining?


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ELEMENT 3 -

PENYERTAAN PEKERJA

(EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT)

Group exercise: Discuss ways your employer uses (or could use) to

increase involvement in the safety committee and other activities.

Choose one of the above ideas and discuss those methods and

procedures that help ensure its success.


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What is the purpose of your safety committee?

Our safety committee intends to

What role does your safety committee play?

My safety committee performs the role of a/an

What can the safety committee do to increase employee involvement

in safety?

What can the safety committee do to help the employer manage

safety programs?

Penyertaan dalam safety committee(Involvement in the Safety Committee)


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ELEMENT 4

PENGENALAN HAZADDAN

LANGKAH KAWALAN

(HAZARDIDENTIFICATION AND

CONTROL)

Apakah "hazard?"

Apakah kelebihan untuk menjalankan kajian hazadberbanding siasatan kemalangan?


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Apakah hazad yang anda tahu?

Hazardous conditions or unsafe work practices: Which results in moreaccidents?


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Any hazards or unsafe behaviors here?


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Engineering Controls

ManagementControls

PersonalProtectiveEquipment

Hierarchy of Controls


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What control measures might work to correct these hazardous conditionsand unsafe behaviors.


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ELEMENT 5 -

PENYIASATAN KES INSIDEN DAN

KEMALANGAN

(INCIDENT/ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION)

What is an accident?

Why do we investigate accidents?

How does your perception of a particular hazard change with daily exposure

to that hazard?


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L o s t W o r k

D a y C a s e

7 3 0F i r s t A i d O n l y

1

3 9O S H A

R e c o r d a b l e

2 9 2

W o r k e r s ' C o m p

What are the odds that a serious injury will occur?

H.W. Heinrich's Pyramid(1931)

Proctor & Gamble's Port

Ivory Study (1984)

How does your perception of a particular hazard change with daily

exposure to that hazard?


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Why are some accident reports ineffective?

Why might it be dangerous to assume someone has "commonsense"?


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Be ready when accidents happen

1. Write a clear policy statement.

2. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies (fire, police, etc.)

3. Designate those responsible to investigate accidents.

4. Train all accident investigators.

5. Establish timetables for conducting the investigation and taking

corrective action.

6. Identify those who will receive the report and take corrective action.

Why do we investigate accidents?

Why are some accident reports ineffective?


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Weed out the causes of

injuries and illnesses

Inadequate training plan

No accountability policy No inspection policy

No discipline procedures

Outdated ProceduresNo orientation process

Inadequate training

Fails to enforceLack of time

Inadequate labeling procedures

CutsBurns

Strains

Conditions Behaviors

Surface

Causes of the

Accident

Root Causes of the

Accident

Direct Causes of

Injury/Illness

- Accident Weed


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The causes ofInjury, Illness and Accidents

1. Direct Cause ofInjury

2. Surface Causes of the Accident

3. Root Causes of the Accident

Any way you look at it, system design is the key to effective safety.

If design is flawed, yet perfectly implemented, the system fails. If design is perfect, yet implementation is flawed, the system fails as a result of design flaws in

other related processes.- Accident Causes

The six-step process

Three phases of analysis

Injury analysis

Event analysis Systems analysis


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Education tells Why

Training shows How

Experience improves skills

Accountability sustains behavior

6. Pengajian dan latihan (Education and Training)


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How do you know safety training is effective?

Training is worthless withoutaccountability

Give examples of effective safety training.


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Safety training steps

1. Preparation

2. Presentation

3. Involvement

4. Follow-up


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Last and first phase of planning cycle

Assess, analyze, evaluate, both labor and management

Use outside experts

Not a one person job - delegate monitoring responsibilities

Establish procedures for change - an action plan

Measure activity and results

7. Kajian semula berkala (Periodic Evaluation)


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Proactive Safety Planning

MISSION

STATEMENT

RULES

PROCEDURES

BUDGETS

PROGRAMS

POLICIES

STRATEGIES

OBJECTIVES

CROSS

FUNCTION

REVIEW

FormulationPhaseImplementation

Phase

Analysis

Phase

EvaluationPhase

The Continuous Quality Improvement Model

______________________________

Who best performs this task?

______________________________


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ELEMENT 7 -

PERIODIC EVALUATION

Last and first phase of planning cycle

Identify, analyze, evaluate all elements of the program

Use outside experts

Primary safety committee responsibility - evaluate the safety and health

program

Establish procedures for change - an action plan

Measure activity and results

Make effective recommendations


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H a z a r

I t i f i c a t i

c c t a b i l i t

i t ta l a t i

I l t

c c i t

I s t i a t i T ra i i

Safety & Health

Management

W lc !

OR-OSHA 100

0201

Nota Pengurusan_osh Dr Yasriza 130105

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