Noi Dung Hoan Chinh
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Transcript of Noi Dung Hoan Chinh
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LI M U
1 t vn Trong qu trnh pht trin khng ngng ca x hi, loi ngi t c
nhiu thnh tu to ln trong cc lnh vc kinh t, x hi vi mt trnh khoa hc
k thut hin i, nhng ng thi cng gy ra nhiu hu qu nghim trng cho mi
trng, c bit l mi trng nc.
Cng vi vic bo v v cung cp ngun nc sch vic thi v x l nc
b nhim trc khi vo ngun l mt vn bc xc i vi ton th loi
ngi, n khng gii hn trong mt quc gia, mt khu vc m cn l mt vn
nng bng ca ton nhn loi.
Vit Nam mi ngy c hng triu m3 nc thi sinh hot c a vo mi
trng do s pht trin ca th ho, dn s ngy cng gia tng. Nc thi sinh
hot x thi trc tip ra ngun tip nhn s nh hng trc tip n ngun nc mt
nh: Lm gia tng mc ph dng ngun nc tip nhn do cc cht hu c v
phosphat c trong nc thi. Khi qu trnh ph dng xy ra s lm gim lng oxyha tan trong nc gy hin tng phn hy ym kh cc hp cht hu c v sinh ra
kh c hi nh H2S, mercaptanes gy cc mi hi v lm cho nc ngun tip
nhn c mu en. Bn cnh , cc cht du m gy nh hng n qu trnh ti
np oxy t khng kh v mt s cht nhim c bit nh ha cht, cht ty ra
(qu trnh hot ng ca nh bp) gy tc ng tiu cc n h thy sinh v qua dy
chuyn thc phm s gy tc hi cho ngi s dng do kh nng tch t sinh hc
cao ca chng.
T nhng tc ng trn, chnh ph ngy cng coi trng vn bo v mi
trng m c th l yu cu cc cht thi cn cx l trc khi x ra mi trng.
V th cc lut, nghnh, quy nh c ban hnh buc cc c s sn xut, kinh
doanh, dch v, nh my, x nghip phi x l ngun nhim pht sinh do qu
trnh hot ng.
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V vy, pht trin m khng lm suy thoi mi trng c bit l mi
trng nc th vic u t xy dng h thng x l nc thi ph hp l mt yu
cu cn thit m bo pht trin kinh t bn vng.
Do , vic u t xy dng mt trm x l nc thi cho cng ty TNHH
VMC Hong Gia trc khi x vo h thng knh, rch thot nc t nhin l mt
yu cu cp thit, nhm mc tiu pht trin bn vng cho mi trng trong tng
lai v bo v sc khe cng ng.
Chnh v l do ti Tnh ton thit k trm x l nc thi sinh
hot ca cng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia, cng sut 205 m3/ngy.m c
lc chn lm n tt nghip ca trong bo co ny.
2 Mc tiu ti
Tnh ton thit k chi tit trm x l nc thi cho cng ty TNHH VMC
Hong Gia huyn Chu Thnh, tnh Ty Ninh t tiu chun x thi loiA (QCVN
14: 2008/BTNMT, ct A) trc khi x ra ngun tip nhn bo v mi trng
sinh thi v sc khe cng ng.
3 i tng v phm vi nghin cu i tng nghin cu
Cng ngh x l nc thi sinh hot
Phm vi nghin cu
ti gii hn trong vic tnh ton thit k trm x l nc thi cho cng ty
TNHH VMC Hong Gia bao gm:
+ Nc ma c thu gom bi cc h thu v theo cng ring thot thng ra
h thng thot nc chung ca khu vc sau khi qua h thng song chn rc gi
li rc c kch thc ln
+ Nc thi sinh hot ca cng ty c x l s b ti hm t hoi sau
dn vo trm x l nc thi cng sut 205 m3/ngy.m.
+ Nc thi sn xut: trong qu trnh sn xut khng pht sinh nc thi
Thi gian thc hin: 01/11/2010 03/2011.
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4 Ni dung nghin cu
Tm hiu v hot ng ca cng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia c pht sinh ra
nc thi.
Xc nh c tnh nc thi: Lu lng, thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi, kh
nng gy nhim, ngun x thi.
xut dy chuyn cng ngh x l nc thi ph hp vi mc nhim
ca nc thi u vo.
Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh n v trong h thng x l nc thi.
D ton chi ph xy dng, thit b, ha cht, chi ph vn hnh trm x l
nc thi.
5 Phng php thc hin
Phng php thu thp s liu:Thu thp cc ti liu v nc thi sinh hot,
tm hiu thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi v cc s liu cn thit khc.
Phng php nghin cu l thuyt: Tm hiu nhng cng ngh x l nc
thi sinh hot qua cc ti liu chuyn ngnh.
Phng php so snh: So snh u, nhc im ca cng ngh x l hin cv xut cng ngh x l nc thi ph hp.
Phng php ton: S dng cng thc ton hc tnh ton cc cng trnh
n v trong h thng x l nc thi, d ton chi ph xy dng, vn hnh
trm x l.
Phng php ha: Dng phn mm AutoCad m t kin trc cc
cng trnh n v trong h thng x l nc thi.
6 ngha khoa hc v thc tin
Xy dng trm x l nc thi t tiu chun mi trng gii quyt c
vn nhim mi trng do nc thi ca cng ty.
Gp phn nng cao thc v mi trng cho nhn vin cng nh Ban qun
l cng ty.
Khi trm x l hon thnh v i vo hot ng s l ni cc doanh nghip
ln cn, sinh vin tham quan, hc tp.
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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CNG TY TNHH VMC HONG GIA
1.1 Gii thiu chung v cng tyTNHH Hong Gia
1.1.1 V tr a l ca cng ty TNHH Hong Gia
Cng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia nm trong cm cng nghip Chu Thnh,
thuc p Thanh Phc, x Thanh in, huyn Chu Thnh, tnh Ty Ninh. V tr
khu t nm trn quc l (QL) 22B v cch trung tm th x Ty Ninh khong 3km.
Pha Bc gip: ng quy hoch 28m Di: 400 m
Pha ng gip: ng quy hoch 28m. Di: 400 m
Pha Ty gip: ng quy hoch 28m Di: 400 m
Pha Nam gip: ng quy hoch 28m (QL 22B) Di: 400 m
Tng din tch cng ty c s dng theo Quyt nh s 380/Q CT ngy
29 thng 7 nm 2003 ca y Ban Nhn Dn tnh Ty Ninh: 89.257 m2.
1.1.2 iu kin t nhin ca khu vc
1.1.2.1 a hnha hnh khu vc nhn chung tng i bng phng, c dc t nhin v
hng Ty.
1.1.2.2 Kh tng
Khu vc x nc thi nm trn a bn p Thanh Phc, x Thanh in,
huyn Chu Thnh, tnh Ty Ninh mang c trng kh tng ca Ty Ninh nh sau:
+ Kh hu nhit i gi ma. Nhit quanh nm cao, bin dao ng
nhit nh. Ch ma, nng, gi th hin rt r gia ma ma v ma kh. Mt
khc Ty Ninh nm su trong lc a, t chu nh hng ca bo v nhng yu t
bt li khc.
+ Lng ma trung bnh hng nm t 1800 2200 mm, m trung
bnh trong nm vo khong 70 - 80%, tc gi 1,7m/s v thi iu ha trong nm.
Ty Ninh chu nh hng ca 2 loi gi ch yu l gi Ty Ty Nam vo ma
ma v gi Bc ng Bc vo ma kh.
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1.1.2.3 Thy vn
Trong khu vc xung quanh cng ty khng c sng sui hay ngun nc mt.
Nc ngm su 40m c lu lng v cht lng tt.
1.2 C s h tng
1.2.1 H thng giao thng
Cng ty TNHH Hong Gia rt thun li v mt giao thng v nm cnh quc
l 22B cch th x Ty Ninh 8 10km, cch trung tm huyn Chu Thnh 12 14
km. Ngoi ra trong khu vc cn c tnh l 786.
1.2.2 H thng cp thot nc
1.2.2.1 Ngun cung cp nc sch
Ngun nc ngm: nc ngm su 40m c lu lng v cht lng tt.
Hin nay ngi dn y ang khai thc cc tng ny phc v cho mc ch cp
nc sinh hot.
Ngun nc mt: cch cum cng nghip 1,5Km v pha ng c sng chy
qua.1.2.2.2 H thng thot nc
H thng cng thot nc ca cm cng nghip c thit k chy dc theo
cc trc ng giao thng trong cm cng nghip v c hng dng chy vo h
thng cng thot nc chy dc theo Quc L 22B. S dng h thng hn hp
cng b tng ct thp (BTCT) v mng h dn nc.
1.2.3 H thng cp in v phn phi in
H thng cung cp in cho cng ty TNHH Hong Gia l trm trung gian
110/22 (15) KV ca x Thanh in sau chia ra 2 nhnh 22(15) KV i dc theo
cc trc ng cung cp in cho cc nh my, x nghip
1.2.4 H thng thng tin lin lc
H thng cp quang thng tin lin lc c ch u t v Bu in tnh Ty
Ninh hp tc u t.
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1.3 Quy trnh sn xut
Cc nguyn liu th nh cao su, vi, da c ct, dp thnh cc chi tit
mt giy, lt trong, lt sau in la ri in ni. Sau may cc chi tit hon
chnh mt trn ca giy. Cc chi tit c lp rp, thoa keo, p , g mi, g hng,
sy nng, sy lnh, ty, vo hp v ng thng.
1.3.1 Qui trnh cng ngh sn xut giy
Hnh 1.1: S cng ngh sn xut ca Cng ty TNHH Hong Gia
1.3.2 Nguyn vt liu s dng cho sn xut
Cng ty sn xut gia cng cho nc ngoi nn lng nguyn liu s dng
hon ton ph thuc vo s lng sn phm c sn xut theo hp ng. Nguynvt liu c bn nc ngoi cung cp y theo s lng gia cng.
Nguyn liu sn xut giy bao gm nguyn liu chnh, ph. Ngoi ra cn
c bao b v cc phn ph khc.
Tng lng vn chuyn n hng nm: 20.000 tn/nm.
Ngun cung cp: Bn nc ngoi hp ng gia cng m bo cung cp ton
b nguyn ph liu, bao b theo hp ng.
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Nguyn liu
Ct cc chi tit mt giy, lt trong, lt In lua, in ni
May cc chi tit hon chnh mt trn ca giy
Thoa keo, p , g mi, g hngSy nng, sy lnhTy vo hp, ng thng
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1.3.3 Sn phm
Sn phm l cc loi giy dp da, gi da gia cng theo n t hng, ty
theo hp ng gia cng v yu cu ca th trng. S sn phm ca nm sn xut
n nh l: 2.000.000 sn phm/nm.
1.4 Cc ngun pht sinh v c tnh ca nc thi
1.4.1 Cht thi rn
Cht thi rn ch yu trong qu trnh sn xut l cc nguyn liu ri vi v
bao b, giy gi hng, ngoi ra cn c rc thi sinh hot t cc hot ng ca cng
nhn.
1.4.2 Kh thi
Cc my mc s dng trong dy chuyn cng ngh u chy bng in v
khng c khi thi, chi c cng on in xut hin sol kh trong mi trng lm vic.
Ngoi ra, cng ty c s dng my pht in nn thi ra mt lng kh thi nht nh
CO, CO2, NOx, SOx
1.4.3 Nc thiCng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia chuyn sn xut v gia cng cc loi giy
dp. Cc cng on sn xut giy khng dng nc. Nc thi pht sinh ti cng ty
ch yu l nc thi t khu v sinh ca cn b cng nhn vin trong nh my
(nc thi sinh hot) v khu v sinh sn cc phn xng (nc thi sn xut)
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CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V NC THI SINH HOT & CC
PHNG PHP X L NC THI SINH HOT
2.1 Tng quan v nc thi sinh hot
2.1.1 Ngun pht sinh, c tnh nc thi sinh hot
Ngun pht sinh ti khu dn c t Mi ch yu l nc thi sinh hot trong
qu trnh hot ng v sinh ca dn c khu d n.
c tnh chung ca nc thi sinh hot thng b nhim bi cc cht cn
b hu c, cc cht hu c ho tan (thng qua cc ch tiu BOD5/COD), cc cht
dinh dng (Nit, phospho), cc vi trng gy bnh (E.Coli, coliform).
Mc nhim ca nc thi sinh hot ph thuc vo: lu lng nc thi;
ti trng cht bn tnh theo u ngi.
Ti trng cht bn ca nc thi sinh hot tnh theo u ngi ph thuc
vo: mc sng, iu kin sng, tp qun sng v cc iu kin a phng.
Ti trng cht bn c xc nh trong Bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1 Ti trng cht bn tnh theo u ngi.
Ch tiu nhim Khi lng (g/ngi.ngy)
Cht rn l lng (SS) 60-65
BOD5 nc thi lng 30-35
BOD5 nc thi cha lng 65
Nit ca cc mui Amoni (N-NH4) 8phosphat (P2O5) 3,3
Clorua (Cl-) 10
Cc cht hot ng b mt 2-2,5
Ngun: Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam (TCXDVN 51-2008).
2.1.2 Thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi sinh hot
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Thnh phn v tnh cht ca nc thi sinh hot ph thuc rt nhiu vo
ngun nc thi. Ngoi ra lng nc thi t hay nhiu cn ph thuc vo tp qun
sinh hot.
Thnh phn nc thi sinh hot gm 2 loi :
Nc thi nhim bn do cht bi tit con ngi t cc phng v sinh;
Nc thi nhim bn do cc cht thi sinh hot: cn b, du m t cc nh
bp, cc cht ty ra, cht hot ng b mt t cc phng tm, nc ra v sinh sn
nh
c tnh v thnh phn tnh cht ca nc thi sinh hot t cc khu pht sinh
nc thi ny u ging nhau, ch yu l cc cht hu c, trong phn ln cc
loi carbonhydrate, protein, lipid l cc cht d b vi sinh vt phn hy. Khi phn
hy th vi sinh vt cn ly oxi ha tan trong nc chuyn ha cc cht hu c
trn thnh CO2, N2, H2O, CH4, Ch th cho lng cht hu c c trong nc thi
c kh nng b phn hy hiu kh bi vi sinh vt chnh l ch s BOD 5. Ch s ny
biu din lng oxi cn thit m vi sinh vt phi tiu th phn hy lng cht
hu c c trong nc thi. Nh vy ch s BOD 5 cng cao cho thy cht hu c ctrong nc thi cng ln, oxi ha tan trong nc thi ban u b tiu th nhiu hn,
mc nhim ca nc thi cao hn.
2.2 Cc thng s nhim c trng ca nc thi
2.2.1 Thng s vt l
2.2.1.1. Hm lng cht rn l lng
Cc cht rn l lng trong nc ((Total) Suspended Solids (T)SS - SS) c
th c bn cht l:
- Cc cht v c khng tan dng huyn ph (Ph sa, g st, bn, ht st);
- Cc cht hu c khng tan;
- Cc vi sinh vt (vi khun, to, vi nm, ng vt nguyn sinh).
S c mt ca cc cht rn l lng cn tr hay tiu tn thm nhiu ha cht
trong qu trnh x l.
2.2.1.2. Mi
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Hp cht gy mi c trng nht l H2S _ mi trng thi. Cc hp cht khc,
chng hn nh indol, skatol, cadaverin v cercaptan c to thnh di iu kin
ym kh c th gy ra nhng mi kh chu hn c H2S.
2.2.1.3. mu
Mu ca nc thi l do cc cht thi sinh hot, cng nghip, thuc nhum
hoc do cc sn phm c tao ra t cc qu trnh phn hy cc cht hu c. n v
o mu thng dng l mgPt/L (thang o Pt _Co).
mu l mt thng s thng mang tnh cht cm quan, c th c s
dng nh gi trng thi chung ca nc thi.
2.2.2 Thng s ha hc
2.2.2.1. pH ca nc
pH l ch s c trng cho nng ion H+ c trong dung dch, thng c
dng biu th tnh axit v tnh kim ca nc.
pH ca nc c lin quan dng tn ti ca kim loi v kh ho tan trong
nc. pH c nh hng n hiu qu tt c qu trnh x l nc. pH c nh
hng n cc qu trnh trao cht din ra bn trong c th sinh vt nc. Do vy rtc ngha v kha cnh sinh thi mi trng
2.2.2.2. Nhu cu oxy ha hc (Chemical Oxygen Demand - COD)
COD l lng oxy cn thit oxy ho cc hp cht ho hc trong nc bao
gm c v c v hu c. Nh vy, COD l lng oxy cn oxy ho ton b cc
cht ho hc trong nc, trong khi BOD l lng oxy cn thit oxy ho mt
phn cc hp cht hu c d phn hu bi vi sinh vt.
COD l mt thng s quan trng nh gi mc nhim cht hu c
ni chung v cng vi thng s BOD, gip nh gi phn nhim khng phn hy
sinh hc ca nc t c th la chn phng php x l ph hp.
2.2.2.3. Nhu cu oxy sinh hc (Biochemical Oxygen Demand - BOD)
BOD (Biochemical oxygen Demand - nhu cu oxy sinh ho) l lng oxy
cn thit vi sinh vt oxy ho cc cht hu c theo phn ng:
Cht hu c + O2 CO
2+ H
2O + t bo mi + sn phm trung gian
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Trong mi trng nc, khi qu trnh oxy ho sinh hc xy ra th cc vi sinh
vt s dng oxy ho tan, v vy xc nh tng lng oxy ho tan cn thit cho qu
trnh phn hu sinh hc l php o quan trng nh gi nh hng ca mt dng
thi i vi ngun nc. BOD c ngha biu th lng cc cht thi hu c trong
nc c th b phn hu bng cc vi sinh vt.
2.2.2.4. Oxy ha tan (Dissolved Oxygen - DO)
DO l lng oxy ho tan trong nc cn thit cho s h hp ca cc sinh vt
nc (c, lng th, thu sinh, cn trng v.v...) thng c to ra do s ho tan t
kh quyn hoc do quang hp ca to.
Nng oxy t do trong nc nm trong khong 8 - 10 ppm, v dao ng
mnh ph thuc vo nhit , s phn hu ho cht, s quang hp ca to v v.v...
Khi nng DO thp, cc loi sinh vt nc gim hot ng hoc b cht. Do vy,
DO l mt ch s quan trng nh gi s nhim nc ca cc thu vc.
2.2.2.5. Nit v cc hp cht cha nit
Trong nc mt cng nh nc ngm nit tn ti 3 dng chnh l: ion
amoni ( NH4+
), nitrit ( NO2-
) v nitrat ( NO3-
). Di tc ng ca nhiu yu t hal v do hot ng ca mt s sinh vt cc dng nit ny chuyn ha ln nhau, tch
t li trong nc n v c c tnh i vi con ngi. Nu s dng nc c NO 2-
vi hm lng vt mc cho php ko di, tr em v ph n c thai c th mc
bnh xanh da v cht c ny cnh tranh vi hng cu ly oxy.
2.2.2.6. Phospho v cc hp cht cha phospho
Trong cc loi nc thi, Phospho hin din ch yu di cc dng
phosphat. Cc hp cht Phosphat c chia thnh Phosphat v c v Phosphat hu
c.
Phospho l mt cht dinh dng a lng cn thit i vi s pht trin ca
sinh vt. Vic xc nh Phospho tng l mt thng s ng vai tr quan trng
m bo qu trnh pht trin bnh thng ca cc vi sinh vt trong cc h thng x
l cht thi bng phng php sinh hc.
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Phospho v cc hp cht cha Phospho c lin quan cht ch n hin tng
ph dng ha ngun nc, do s c mt qu nhiu cc cht ny kch thch s pht
trin mnh ca to v vi khun lam.
2.2.2.7. Cht hot ng b mt
Cc cht hot ng b mt l nhng cht hu c gm 2 phn: k nc v a
nc to nn s phn tn ca cc cht trong du v trong nc. Ngun to ra cc
cht hot ng b mt l do vic s dng cc cht ty ra trong sinh hot v trong
mt s ngnh cng nghip.
2.2.3 Thng s vi sinh vt hc
Nhiu vi sinh vt gy bnh c mt trong nc thi c th truyn hoc gy
bnh cho ngi. Chng vn khng bt ngun t nc m cn c vt ch sng k
sinh, pht trin v sinh sn. Mt s cc sinh vt gy bnh c th sng mt thi gian
kh di trong nc v l nguy c truyn bnh tim tng, bao gm vi khun, virus,
giun sn.
Vi khun: Cc loi vi khun gy bnh c trong nc thng gy cc bnh vng rut, nh dch t (cholera) do vi khun Vibrio comma, bnh thng hn
(typhoid) do vi khun Salmonella typhosa...
Virus: c trong nc thi c th gy cc bnh c lin quan n s ri lon h
thn kinh trung ng, vim ty xm, vim gan... Thng thng kh trng bng cc
qu trnh khc nhau trong cc giai on x l c th dit c virus.
Giun sn (helminths): Giun sn l loi sinh vt k sinh c vng i gn lin
vi hai hay nhiu ng vt ch, con ngi c th l mt trong s cc vt ch ny.
Cht thi ca ngi v ng vt l ngun a giun sn vo nc. Tuy nhin, cc
phng php x l nc hin nay tiu dit giun sn rt hiu qu.
2.3 Tng quan v cc phng php x l nc thi
2.3.1 Phng php x l c hc
Nhng phng php loi cc cht rn c kch thc v t trng ln trong
nc thi c gi chung l phng php c hc.
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X l c hc l khu s b chun b cho x l sinh hc tip theo. X l nc
thi bng phng php c hc thng thc hin trong cc cng trnh v thit b nh
song chn rc, b lng ct, b tch du m y l cc thit b cng trnh x l s
b ti ch tch cc cht phn tn th nhm m bo cho h thng thot nc hoc
cc cng trnh x l nc thi pha sau hot ng n nh.
Phng php x l c hc tch khi nc thi sinh hot khong 60% tp
cht khng tan, tuy nhin BOD trong nc thi gim khng ng k. tng cng
qu trnh x l c hc, ngi ta lm thong nc thi s b trc khi lng nn hiu
sut x l ca cc cng trnh c hc c th tng n 75% v BOD gim i 10
15%.
Mt s cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php c hc bao gm:
2.3.1.1. Song chn rc
Song chn rc dng gi li cc tp cht th nh giy, rc, ti nilon, v cy
v cc tp cht c trong nc thi nhm m bo cho my bm, cc cng trnh v
thit b x l nc thi hot ng n nh.
Song chn rc l cc thanh an xp k tip nhau vi cc khe h t 16 n50mm, cc thanh c th bng thp, inox, nhc hoc g. Tit din ca cc thanh ny
l hnh ch nht, hnh trn hoc elip. B tr song chn rc trn mng dn nc thi.
Cc song chn rc t song song vi nhau, nghing v pha dng nc chy gi
rc li. Song chn rc thng t nghing theo chiu dng chy mt gc 50 n 900.
Thit b chn rc b tr ti cc mng dn nc thi trc trm bm nc thi
v trc cc cng trnh x l nc thi.
2.3.1.2. B thu v tch du m
B thu du:c xy dng trong khu vc bi v cu ra t, xe my, bi
cha du v nhin liu, nh git ty ca khch sn, bnh vin hoc cc cng trnh
cng cng khc, nhim v n nhn cc loi nc ra xe, nc ma trong khu vc
bi xe
B tch m:Dng tch v thu cc loi m ng thc vt, cc loi du c
trong nc thi. B tch m thng c b tr trong cc bp n ca khch sn,
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
trng hc, bnh vin xy bng gch, b tng ct thp, thp, nha composite
v b tr bn trong nh, gn cc thit b thot nc hoc ngoi sn gn khu vc bp
n tch du m trc khi x vo h thng thot nc bn ngoi cng vi cc loi
nc thi khc.
2.3.1.3. B iu ho
Lu lng v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi cc khu dn c,
cng trnh cng cng nh cc nh my x nghip lun thay i theo thi gian ph
thuc vo cc iu kin hot ng ca cc i tng thot nc ny. S dao ng
v lu lng nc thi, thnh phn v nng cht bn trong s nh hng
khng tt n hiu qu lm sch nc thi. Trong qu trnh lc cn phi iu ho
lu lng dng chy, mt trong nhng phng n ti u nht l thit k b iu ho
lu lng.
B iu ho lm tng hiu qu ca h thng x l sinh hc do n hn ch
hin tng qu ti ca h thng hoc di ti v lu lng cng nh hm lng
cht hu c gim c din tch xy dng ca b sinh hc. Hn na cc cht c ch
qu trnh x l sinh hc s c pha long hoc trung ho mc thch hp chocc hot ng ca vi sinh vt.
2.3.1.4. B lng
B lng ct
Trong thnh phn cn lng nc thi thng c ct vi ln thy lc =
18 mm/s. y cc phn t v c c kch thc v t trng ln. Mc d khng c
hi nhng chng cn tr hot ng ca cc cng trnh x l nc thi nh tch t
trong b lng, b mtan, lm gim dung tch cng tc cng trnh, gy kh khn
cho vic x bn cn, ph hu qu trnh cng ngh ca trm x l nc thi. m
bo cho cc cng trnh x l sinh hc nc thi sinh hc nc thi hot ng n
nh cn phi c cc cng trnh v thit b pha trc.
Ct lu gi trong b t 2 n 5 ngy. Cc loi b lng ct thng dng cho
cc trm x l nc thi cng xut trn 100m3/ngy. Cc loi b lng ct chuyn
ng quay c hiu qu lng ct cao v hm lng cht hu c trong ct thp. Do
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
cu to n gin b lng ct ngang c s dng rng ri hn c. Tuy nhin trong
iu kin cn thit phi kt hp cc cng trnh x l nc thi, ngi ta c th dng
b lng ct ng, b lng ct tip tuyn hoc thit b xiclon h mt tng hoc xiclon
thu lc.
T b lng ct, ct c chuyn ra sn phi ct lm kh bng bin php
trng lc trong iu kin t nhin.
B lng nc thi
Dng tch cc cht khng tan dng l lng trong nc thi theo nguyn
tc da vo s khc nhau gia trng lng cc ht cn c trong nc thi. V vy,
y l qu trnh quan trng trong x l nc thi, thng b tr x l ban u th b
tr ni tip nhau, qu trnh lng tt c th loi b n 90 95% lng cn c trong
nc hay sau khi x l sinh hc. c th tng cng qu trnh lng ta c th thm
vo cht ng t sinh hc. S lng ca cc ht xy ra di tc dng ca trng lc.
Da vo chc nng v v tr c th chia b lng thnh cc loi: b lng t
mt trc cng trnh x l sinh hc v b lng t hai sau cng trnh x l sinh hc.
Theo cu to v hng dng chy ngi ta phn ra cc loi b lng ngang, blng ng v b lng ly tm.
2.3.2 Phng php x l ho l
Bn cht ca qu trnh x l nc thi bng phng php ha l l p dng
cc qu trnh vt l v ha hc loi bt cc cht nhim m khng th dng qu
trnh lng ra khi nc thi. Cc cng trnh tiu biu ca vic p dng phng php
ha hc bao gm:
2.3.2.1. B keo t, to bng
Qu trnh keo t to bng c ng dng loi b cc cht rn l lng v
cc ht keo c kch thc rt nh (10-7-10-8cm). Cc cht ny tn ti dng phn
tn v khng th loi b bng qu trnh lng v tn rt nhiu thi gian. tng hiu
qu lng, gim bt thi gian lng ca chng th thm vo nc thi mt s ha cht
nh phn nhm, phn st, polymer, Cc cht ny c tc dng kt dnh cc cht
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
khuch tn trong dung dch thnh cc ht c kch c v t trng ln hn nn s lng
nhanh hn.
Cc cht keo t dng l phn nhm: Al2(SO4)3.18H2O, NaAlO2, Al2(OH)3Cl,
KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, NH4Al(SO4)2.12H2O; phn st: Fe2(SO4)3.2H2O, FeSO4.7H2O,
FeCl3 hay cht keo t khng phn ly, dng cao phn t c ngun gc thin nhin
hay tng hp.
Phng php keo t c th lm trong nc v kh mu nc thi v sau khi
to bng cn, cc bng cn ln lng xung th nhng bng cn ny c th ko theo
cc cht phn tn khng tan gy ra mu.
2.3.2.2. B tuyn ni
Tuyn ni l phng php c p dng tng i rng ri nhm loi b cc
tp cht khng tan, kh lng. Trong nhiu trng hp, tuyn ni cn c s dng
tch cc cht tan nh cht hot ng b mt.
Bn cht ca qu trnh tuyn ni ngc li vi qu trnh lng v cng c
p dng trong trng qu trnh lng xy ra rt chm v rt kh thc hin. Cc cht
l lng nh du, m s ni ln trn b mt ca nc thi di tc dng ca cc btkh to thnh lp bt c nng tp cht cao hn trong nc ban u. Hiu qu
phn ring bng tuyn ni ph thuc kch thc v s lng bong bng kh. Kch
thc ti u ca bong bng kh l 15 - 30.10-3 mm.
Hp ph
Hp ph l phng php tch cc cht hu c v kh ha tan ra khi nc
thi bng cch tp trung cc cht trn b mt cht rn (cht hp ph) hoc bng
cch tng tc gia cc cht bn ha tan vi cc cht rn (hp ph ha hc).
2.3.3 Phng php x l ho hc
X l nc thi bng phng php ho hc thng l khu cui cng trong
dy chuyn cng ngh trc khi x ra ngun yu cu cht lng cao hoc khi cn
thit s dng li nc thi. Cc qu trnh x l ha hc c trnh by trong Bng
2.2.
Bng 2.2 ng dng qu trnh x l ho hc.
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Qu trnh ng dngTrung ho trung ho cc nc thi c kim hoc axit cao.Kh trng loi b cc vi sinh vt gy bnh. Cc phng php thng s
dng l: chlorine, chlorine dioxide, bromide chlorine, ozoneCc qu trnh
khc
Nhiu loi ho cht c s dng t c nhng mc tiu
nht nh no . V d nh dng ho cht kt ta cc kim loi
nng trong nc thi.
2.3.4 Phng php x l sinh hc
Cc cht hu c dng keo, huyn ph v dung dch l ngun thc n ca vi
sinh vt. Trong qu trnh hot ng sng, vi sinh vt oxy ho hoc kh cc hp cht
hu c ny, kt qu l lm sch nc thi khi cc cht bn hu c.
X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc hiu kh: Qu trnh x l nc
thi c da trn s oxy ho cc cht hu c c trong nc thi nh oxy t do ho
tan. Nu oxy c cp bng thit b hoc nh cu to cng trnh, th l qu trnh
sinh hc hiu kh trong iu kin nhn to. Ngc li, nu oxy c vn chuyn v
ho tan trong nc nh cc yu t t nhin th l qu trnh x l sinh hc hiu
kh trong iu kin t nhin.
X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc k kh: Qu trnh x l c
da trn c s phn hu cc cht hu c gi li trong cng trnh nh s ln men k
kh. i vi cc h thng thot nc qui m va v nh ngi ta thng dng cc
cng trnh kt hp vi vic tch cn lng vi phn hu ym kh cc cht hu c
trong pha rn v pha lng.
2.3.4.1 X l sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin Cc cng trnh x l nc thi trong t
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi trong t l nhng vng t quy hoch ti
nc thi nh k gi l cnh ng ngp nc (cnh ng ti v cnh ng lc).
Cnh ng ngp nc c tnh ton thit k da vo kh nng gi li, chuyn ho
cht bn trong t. Khi lc qua t, cc cht l lng v keo s c gi li lp
trn cng. Nhng cht to nn lp mng gm v s vi sinh vt c kh nng hp
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
ph v oxy ho cc cht hu c c trong nc thi. Hiu sut x l nc thi trong
cnh ng ngp nc ph thuc vo cc yu t nh loi t, m ca t, mc
nc ngm, ti trng, ch ti, phng php ti, nhit v thnh phn tnh
cht nc thi. ng thi n cn ph thuc vo cc loi cy trng trn b mt.
Trn cnh ng ti ngp nc c th trng nhiu loi cy, song ch yu l loi cy
khng thn g.
H sinh hc
H sinh hc l cc thu vc t nhin hoc nhn to, khng ln m y din
ra qu trnh chuyn ho cc cht bn. Qu trnh ny din ra tng t nh qu trnh
t lm sch trong nc sng h t nhin vi vai tr ch yu l cc vi khun v to..
Theo bn cht qu trnh x l nc thi v iu kin cung cp oxy ngi ta
chia h sinh hc ra hai nhm chnh: h sinh hc n nh nc thi v h lm thong
nhn to.
H sinh hc n nh nc thi c thi gian nc lu li ln (t 2 3 ngy
n hng thng) nn iu ho c lu lng v cht lng nc thi u ra. Oxy
cung cp cho h ch yu l khuch tn qua b mt hoc do quang hp ca to. Qutrnh phn hu cht bn dit khun mang bn cht t nhin.
Theo iu kin khuy trn h sinh hc lm thong nhn to c th chia thnh
hai loi l h sinh hc lm thong hiu kh v h sinh hc lm thong tu tin.
Trong h sinh hc lm thong hiu kh nc thi trong h c xo trn gn nh
hon ton. Trong h khng c hin tng lng cn. Hot ng h gn ging nh b
Aerotank. Cn trong h sinh hc lm thong tu tin cn c nhng vng lng cn
v phn hu cht bn trong iu kin ym kh. Mc xo trn nc thi trong h
c hn ch.
2.3.4.2 X l sinh hc trong iu kin nhn to
a. X l sinh hc hiu kh trong iu kin nhn to
X l sinh hc bng h vi sinh vt bm dnh
Cc mng sinh vt bao gm cc loi vi khun hiu kh, vi khun tu tin,
ng vt nguyn sinh, giun, b hnh thnh xung quanh ht vt liu lc hoc trn
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
b mt gi th (sinh trng bm dnh) s hp th cht hu c. Cc cng trnh ch
yu l b lc sinh hc, a lc sinh hc, b lc sinh hc c vt liu lc nc
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi theo nguyn l bm dnh chia lm hai loi:
Loi c vt liu lc tip xc khng ngp trong nc vi ch ti nc theo chu
k v loi c vt liu lc tip xc ngp trong nc ngp oxy.
B lc sinh hc nh git
B lc sinh hc nh git dng x l sinh hc hon ton nc thi, m
bo BOD trong nc thi ra khi b lng t hai di 15 mg/l.
B c cu to hnh ch nht hoc hnh trn trn mt bng. Do ti trng thy
lc v ti trng cht bn hu c thp nn kch thc vt liu lc khng ln hn
30mm thng l cc loi cc, cui, than cc. Chiu cao lp vt liu lc trong b
t 1,5 2 m. B c cp kh t nhin nh cc ca thng gi xung quanh thnh vi
din tch bng 20% din tch sn thu nc hoc ly t di y vi khong cch
gia y b v sn vt liu lc cao 0,4 - 0,6 m. lu thng hn hp nc thi
v bn cng nh khng kh vo trong lp vt liu lc, sn thu nc c cc khe h.
Nc thi c ti t trn b mt nh h thng phn phi vi phun, khoan l hocmng rng ca.
a lc sinh hc
a lc sinh hc c dng x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc
theo nguyn l bm dnh. a lc l cc tm nha, g, hnh trn ng knh 2
4 m dy di 10 mm ghp vi nhau thnh khi cch nhau 30 40 mm v cc khi
ny c b tr thnh dy ni tip quay u trong b nc thi. a lc sinh hc
c s dng rng ri x l nc thi sinh hot vi cng sut khng hn ch.
Tuy nhin ngi ta thng s dng h thng a cho cc trm x l nc thi
cng sut di 5000 m3/ngy.
B lc sinh hc c vt liu lc ngp trong nc
B lc sinh hc c vt liu lc ngp trong nc hot ng theo nguyn l lc
dnh bm. Cng trnh ny thng c gi l Bioten c cu to gn ging vi b
lc sinh hc v Aerotank. Vt liu lc thng c ng thnh khi v ngp trong
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
nc. Kh c cp vi p lc thp v dn vo b cng chiu hoc ngc chiu vi
nc thi. Khi nc thi qua lp vt liu lc, BOD b kh v NH4+ b chuyn ho
thnh NO3- trong lp mng sinh vt. Nc i t di ln, chy vo mng thu v
c dn ra ngoi.
X l sinh hc bng h vi sinh vt sinh trng l lng
X l sinh hc bng phng php bn hot tnh
Bn hot tnh l tp hp vi khun, x khun, nm, ng vt nguyn sinh
thnh cc bng bn xp, d hp th cht hu c v d lng (vi sinh vt sinh trng
l lng). Cc cng trnh ch yu l cc loi b Aerotank, knh oxy ho hon ton
Cc cng trnh ny c cp kh cng bc oxy cho vi khun oxy ho cht hu
c v khuy trn u bn hot tnh vi nc thi.
B Aerotank:Khi nc thi vo b thi kh (b Aerotank), cc bng bn hot
tnh c hnh thnh m cc ht nhn ca n l cc phn t cn l lng. Cc loi vi
khun hiu kh n c tr, pht trin dn, cng vi cc ng vt nguyn sinh, nm,
x khun, to nn cc bng bn mu nu sm, c kh nng hp th cht hu c
ha tan, keo v khng ha tan phn tn nh. Vi khun v sinh vt sng dng chtnn (BOD) v cht dinh dng (N, P) lm thc n chuyn ho chng thnh cc
cht tr khng ho tan v thnh t bo mi. Trong Aerotank lng bn hot tnh
tng dn ln, sau c tch ra ti b lng t hai. Mt phn bn c quay li v
u b Aerotank tham gia qu trnh x l nc thi theo chu trnh mi.
B sinh hc theo m SBR (Sequence Batch Reactor)
Sequencing Batch Reactor (L phn ng theo chui) l h thng bn hot
tnh kiu lm y-v-rt, mt h thng phn ng kiu khuy trn hon ton bao
gm tt c cc bc ca qu trnh bn hot tnh xy ra trong mt b n nht, hot
ng theo chu trnh mi ngy. SBR khng cn s dng b lng th cp v qu trnh
tun hon bn, thay vo l qu trnh x cn trong b.
Cc qu trnh hot ng chnh ca b sinh hc tng m gm:
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Qu trnh sinh hc hiu kh dng kh BOD: bi s tng sinh khi ca
qun th vi sinh vt hiu kh c tng cng bi khuy trn v cung cp oxy, to
iu kin phn ng giai on (b).
Qu trnh sinh hc hiu kh, k kh dng kh BOD, kt hp kh nit
photpho: bi s tng qun th visinh vt hiu kh, k kh. Tng cng khuy trn
cho qut trnh k kh, khuy trn v cung cp oxy cho qu trnh hiu kh, khuy trn
cho qu trnh hiu kh, to iu kin cho giai on (b). Giai on (b) c th hin
r trong s 2.1.
Hnh 2.1: S phn ng trong sinh hc tng m c kt hp kh N, P
Giai on 3: xy ra trong qu trnh nitrat ha v oxy ha cht hu c.
Giai on 4: xy ra qu trnh kh nitrat
y l qu trnh tng hp c hiu qu kt hp kh BOD cacbon v cc cht
hu c ha tan N, P. Trong qu trnh kh N c th tng cng ngun cacbon bn
ngoi bng Metanol giai on 4
Cc qu trnh sinh hc din ra trong b vi s tham gia ca cc vi sinh vt
trong qu trnh oxy ha cht hu c, c bit l c s tham gia ca hai chng loi
Nitrosmonas v Nitrobacter trong qu trnh nitrat ha v kh nitrat kt hp.
Trang 21
MetanolNT vo
(1)Lm y
(2)Anaerobic( khuy )
(3)Aerobic(khuy +
O2
)
(4)Anoxic
(Tt O2+ khuy)
(5)Lng
(6)Tch nc
x bn
Giai on (b)
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
b. X l sinh hc k kh trong iu kin nhn to
Phn hy k kh (Anaerobic Descomposotion) l qu trnh phn hy cc cht
hu c thnh cht kh (CH4 v CO2) trong iu kin khng c xy. Vic chuyn ho
cc axit hu c thnh kh mtan sn sinh ra t nng lng. Lng cht hu c
chuyn ho thnh kh vo khong 80 90%.
Hiu qu x l ph thuc vo nhit nc thi, pH, nng MLSS. Nhit
thch hp cho phn ng sinh kh l t 32 35oC.
u im ni bt ca qu trnh x l k kh l lng bn sn sinh ra rt thp,
v th chi ph cho vic x l bn thp hn nhiu so vi cc qu trnh x l hiu kh.
Trong qu trnh ln men k kh, thng c 4 nhm vi sinh vt phn hy vt
cht hu c ni tip nhau:
- Cc vi sinh vt thy phn (Hydrolytic) phn hy cc cht hu c dng
polyme nh cc polysaccharide v protein thnh cc monomer. Kt qu ca s b
gy mch cacbon ny cha lm gim COD;
- Cc monomer c chuyn ha thnh cc axit bo (VFA) vi mt lng
nh H2. Cc axit ch yu l Acetic, propionic v butyric vi nhng lng nh caaxit Valeric. giai on axit ha ny, COD c gim i i cht (khng qu 10%);
- Tt c cc axit c mch carbon di hn axit acetic c chuyn ha tip
thnh acetac v H2 bi cc vi sinh vt Acetogenic.
Phng php x l k kh vi sinh trng l lng
Phng php tip xc k kh
B ln men c thit b trn v b lng ring. Qu trnh ny cung cp phn ly
v hon lu cc vi sinh vt ging, do cho php vn hnh qu trnh thi gian lu
t 6 12 gi.
Cn thit b kh kh (Degasifier) gim thiu ti trng cht rn bc phn
ly.
x l mc cao, thi gian lu cht rn c xc nh l 10 ngy
nhit 32oC, nu nhit gim i 11oC, thi gian lu i hi phi tng gp i.
B UASB (Upflow anaerobic Sludge Blanket)
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Nc thi c a trc tip vo pha di y b v c phn phi ng
u, sau chy ngc ln xuyn qua lp bn sinh hc dng ht nh (bng bn) v
cc cht hu c b phn hy.
Cc bt kh mtan v NH3, H2S ni ln trn v c thu bng cc chp thu
kh dn ra khi b. Nc thi tip theo chuyn n vng lng ca b phn
tch 2 pha lng v rn. Sau ra khi b, bn hot tnh th hon lu li vng lp
bng bn. S to thnh bn ht v duy tr c n rt quan trng khi vn hnh
UASB.
Thng cho thm vo b 150 mg/l Ca2+ y mnh s to thnh ht bn v
5 10 mg/l Fe2+ gim bt s to thnh cc si bn nh. duy tr lp bng bn
trng thi l lng, tc dng chy thng ly khong 0,6 0,9 m/h.
Hnh 2.2 B UASB
Phng php x l k kh vi sinh trng gn kt
Lc k kh vi sinh trng gn kt trn gi mang hu c (ANAFIZ)
Lc k kh gn vi s tng trng cc vi sinh vt k kh trn cc gi th. B
lc c th c vn hnh ch dng chy ngc hoc xui.
Gi th lc trong qu trnh lu gi bn hot tnh trn n cng c kh nng
phn ly cc cht rn v kh sn sinh ra trong qu trnh tiu ha.
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Lc k kh vi lp vt liu gi lng trng n (ANAFLUX)
Vi sinh vt c c nh trn lp vt liu ht c gin n bi dng nc
dng ln sao cho s tip xc ca mng sinh hc vi cc cht hu c trong mt n
v th tch l ln nht. u im:
- t b tc nghn trong qu trnh lm vic vi vt liu lc;
- Khi ng nhanh chng;
- Khng ty tri cc qun th sinh hc bm dnh trn vt liu;
- C kh nng thay i lu lng trong gii hn tc cht lng.
2.3.5 X l bn cn
Nhim v ca x l cn (cn c to nn trong qu trnh x l nc thi):
- Lm gim th tch v m ca cn
- n nh cn
- Kh trng v s dng li cn cho cc mc ch khc nhau
Rc (gm cc tp cht khng tan kch thc ln: cn b thc vt, giy, gi
lau) c gi li song chn rc c th ch n bi rc (nu lng rc khng
ln) hay nghin rc v sau dn n b mtan tip tc x l.Ct t b lng c dn n sn phi ct lm ro nc v ch i s dng
vo mc ch khc.
gim th tch cn v lm ro nc c th ng dng cc cng trnh x l
trong iu kin t nhin nh: sn phi bn, h cha bn, hoc trong iu kin nhn
to: thit b lc chn khng, thit b lc p dy ai, thit b ly tm cn). m
ca cn sau x l t 55-75%.
My p bng ti: bn c chuyn t b nn bn sang my p gim ti
a lng nc c trong bn. Trong qu trnh p bn ta cho vo mt s polyme
kt dnh bn.
Lc chn khng: Thit b lc chn khng l tr quay t nm ngang. Tr
quay t ngp trong thng cha cn khong 1/3 ng knh. Khi tr quay nh my
bm chn khng cn b p vo vi bc.
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Quay li tm: Cc b phn c bn l rt hnh cn v ng rng rut. Rt v
ng quay cng chiu nhng vi nhng tc khc nhau. Di tc ng ca lc li
tm cc phn rn ca cn nng p vo tng ca rt v c dn ln n khe h,
ra thng cha bn ngoi.
Lc p: Thit b lc gm mt s tm lc v vi lc cng gia nh cc trc
ln. Mi mt tm lc gm hai phn trn v di. Phn trn gm vi lc, tm xp v
ngn thu nc thm. Phn di gm ngn cha cn. Gia hai phn c mng n hi
khng thm nc.
tip tc lm gim th tch cn c th thc hin sy bng nhit vi nhiu
dng khc nhau: thit b sy dng trng, dng kh nn, bng ti Sau khi sy,
m cn 25-30% v cn dng ht d dng vn chuyn.
i vi trm x l cng sut nh, vic x l cn c th tin hnh n gin
hn: nn sau lm ro nc sn phi cn trn nn ct.
2.4Mt s h thng x l nc thi sinh hot ang p dng ti cc cng ty
2.4.1 Cng ty TNHH lin doanh Ch Hng, KP M Hip, TT Thi Ha,
huyn Tn Uyn, tnh Bnh Dng.Thng s c bn
Tng lu lng nc thi: 1200m3/ng
Lu lng trung bnh gi (24h): 50 m3/h
Lu lng ti a: 98 m3/2h
Tnh cht c bn ca nc thi du vo
pH = 6 - 9
SS = 67mg/l
BOD5 = 450mg/l
COD = 790mg/l
Yu cu: nc thi u ra phi c x l t tiu chun loi B (QCVN 14-2008)
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S cng ngh
Hnh 2.3: S cng ngh h thng x l nc thi sinh hot cng ty TNHH lin
doanh Ch Hng
Cng ngh ch o:
Cng ngh truyn thng x l sinh hc vi bn hot tnh sinh trng l lng.
u im: - Cng ngh n gin, d vn hnh.
- S dng trong trng hp nc thi c lu lng ln.
- H thng c iu khin hon ton t ng, vn hnh n gin, tsa cha.
Nhc im: - Din tch xy dng ln.
- i hi nhiu nng lng trong sut qu trnh hot ng.
- Khng phng c s c kim loi nng, d gy cht bn.
- Hiu qu x l Nit thp nn hm lng vn cn vt qu tiu
chun cho php.
2.4.2 Cng ty C Phn Ch Bin Hng Xut Khu Long An - Nh my
iu Long An
a ch: s 81B, Quc l 62, Phng 2, Thnh ph Tn An, Tnh Long An.
Thng s c bn
Lu lng dng thi thit k: 200m3/ngy.m.
Lu lng trung bnh gi (24h): 8,4 m3/h
Tnh cht nc thi u vo
Trang 26
Nc thi vo
Ngun tip nhnQCVN 14-2008, Ct B
Nc ti s dng
H lng
H cha nc xl
Bn lc ctbm
H cha bn
H iu ha
H x l hiu kh
H x l k kh
H cha nc thi
SCR
Thit b khuy trn
H cha nc hilu
My p bn
Thi b
Hilu
bnlngThit b sc kh
Thit b sc kh
Thit b sc kh
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pH = 6 8,5
COD = 600 750 mg/l
BOD = 350 400 mg/l
SS = 180 290 mg/l
Yu cu: nc thi u ra phi c t tiu chun loi A (QCVN 14 2008)
S cng ngh
Trang 27
Nc thi
B iu ha k kh
B hiu kh sinh hc(AEROTANK)
B lng bn vi sinh
B trung gian
Nc sau x l
B cha bnsinh hc
My cpkh nn
Ha chtkh trng
Thu khsinh hc
B lc p lc
B kh trng
Nc ra lc
Tunhonbn
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Hnh 2.4: S cng ngh h thng x l nc thi sinh hot Cng ty C
Phn Ch Bin Hng Xut Khu Long An - Nh my iu Long An
Cng ngh ch o:
S dng cng ngh sinh hc hiu kh vi bn hot tnh aerotank truyn thng.
u im: - Cng ngh n gin, d vn hnh.
- Kh nng x l nc thi c BOD cao.
Nhc im: - Chi ph u t ban u cao, tn nhiu din tch xy dng.
- i hi nhiu nng lng trong sut qu trnh hot ng.
- Hiu qu x l nit thp.
2.4.3 Cng Ty Ch Bin Xut Nhp Khu Nng Sn Thc Phm ng
Nai-DONAFOODS
a ch: Khu ph 2 - Phng Long Bnh - Bin Ha - ng Nai
Lu lng nc thi thit k: 200m3/ng
Tnh cht nc thi u voBOD5 = 410 mg/l
COD = 800 mg/l
SS = 200 mg/l
pH = 5 - 9
Yu cu: nc thi u ra phi c x l t tiu chun loi A (QCVN 14 - 2008)
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S cng ngh
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Hnh 2.5: S cng ngh h thng x l nc thi Cng Ty Ch Bin Xut
Nhp Khu Nng Sn Thc phm ng NaiDONAFOODS
Cng ngh ch o:
Trang 30
Nc thi
Q = 200 m3/ngy m
Ngun tip nhn
(QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, Ct A)
B iu ha
B Anoxic
B kh trngHa
cht
B cha bn
MyCt B
X l theo quy nh
B Aerotank
B lng ng Bn
d
Bntunh
on
My
khuy chm
B tch du
H thu
My
thi kh
N
ctun
hon
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S dng cng ngh bn hot tnh theo phng php thiu kh v hiu kh c
in.
u im:
- Kh nng x l nc thi c BOD cao, kh Nit, tit kim din tch.
Nhc im:
- i hi ngi vn hnh phi c trnh cao, vn hnh phc tp, chi ph
xy dng tn km.
- i hi nhiu nng lng cp cho my thi kh trong sut qu trnh hot
ng.
- Chi ph u t xy dng b lc than hot tnh khng hp l, tn km do
phi thay than hot tnh theo nh k, nc thi c th khng cn qua giai on ny
m vn t hiu qu.
2.4.4 Doanh Nghip T Nhn Bin Ct
a ch: 8 Nguyn nh Chiu Phan Thit Bnh Thun
Cng sut thit k: 250m3/ngy.m
Yu cu: nc thi u ra phi c x l t tiu chun loi A (QCVN14-2008)
S cng ngh
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Hnh 2.6: S cng ngh h thng x l nc thi sinh hot Doanh
Nghip T Nhn Bin Ct
u im:
- Kh nng x l nc thi c BOD cao, kh Nit, tit kim din tch.
- t tn din tch xy dng.
Nhc im:
- Vn hnh phc tp.
- Ngi iu hnh cn c k nng: Theo di, kim tra cc ch tiu u ra
thng xuyn.
CHNG 3: PHN TCH LA CHN V XUT CNG NGH PH
HP X L NC THI SINH HOT CNG TY TNHH VMC HONG
GIA
Trang 32
Nc thi
B iu ha
B sinh hc hiu khdng m (SBR)
B trung gian
Nc sau x l
B cha bnsinh hc
My cpkh nn
Ha chtkh trng
My cpkh nn
B lc p lc
B kh trng
Nc ra lc
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3.1 C s la chn cng ngh
xut cng ngh x l nc thi da vo:
- Cng sut trm x l.
- Cht lng nc sau x l.
- Thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi sinh hot.
- Nhng quy nh x vo cng chung v vo ngun nc.
- Hiu qu qu trnh.
- Din tch t sn c ca cng ty
- Quy m v xu hng pht trin trong tng lai ca cng ty.
- Yu cu v nng lng, ha cht, cc thit b sn c trn th trng.
3.2 Thnh phn tnh cht nc thi ti cng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia
3.2.1 Lu lng nc thi
H thng x l nc thi ca Cng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia xy dng vi
cng sut Q = 205 m3/ngy.m. Nc thi sau khi qua h thng x l s t
QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT, ct A v c thira ngun tip nhn l h thng thot
nc chung ca Cm Cng Nghip3.2.2 Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi
Thnh phn v lu lng nc thi l hai thng s quan trng nht, ng vai
tr quyt nh trong vic xc nh cng ngh, tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh n
v, cng nh la chn thit b
c c s nh gi cht lng nc thi ca Cng ty TNHH VMC
Hong Gia, ngy 10/11/2010, Vin Nghin Cu Cng Ngh Mi Trng & Bo H
Lao ng, s 314 Trng Chinh, P.13, Q Tn Bnh, Tp. HCM tin hnh ly mu
nc thi ca Cng ty ti v tr ng ng x thi ra ngun tip nhn. Kt qu phn
tch mu nc c th hin trong bng 3.1.
Bng 3.1: Thnh phn tnh cht nc thi cng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia
v yu cu sau khi x l
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ST
T
Ch tiu n v Gi tr
u voQCVN
14:2008/BTNMT
(loi A)
01 pH 6,74 5 9
02 BOD5 (20oC) mg/l 215 30
03 COD mg/l 421 -04 Cht rn l lng (SS) mg/l 36,7 50
05 Phosphat (PO3-4) (tnh theo P) mg/l 11,7 606 Amoni (tnh theo N) mg/l 32,5 5
07 Nitrat (NO3-) ( tnh theo N) mg/l 12,5 3008 Sulfua (tnh theo H2S) mg/l 0.4 1,0
09 Du m thc vt mg/l 1,25 10
10 Coliform MPN/100ml 2,2 x 105 3000
(Ngun: Vin Nghin Cu Cng Ngh Mi Trng & Bo H Lao ng)
Nhn xt: Bng thnh phn tnh cht nc thi trc v sau x l cho thy
sau khi nc thi c x l s b ti hm t hoi c bn t ch tiu ngun tip
nhn ch cn mt s thng s nh BOD, Phosphat, Amoni, Coliforms cn kh cao
v cn tip tc x l t loi A - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT trc khi x vo ngun
tip nhn.
3.3 xut quy trnh cng ngh x l ph hp
Da trn vic phn tch lu lng, thnh phn nc thi, yu cu mc x
l, iu kin kinh t, k thut xut 2 phng n x l nc thi cho cng ty
TNHH VMC Hong Gia nh sau:
3.3.1 Phng n 1
Trang 34
Ngun tip nhnQCVN 14-2008, Ct A
B iu ha
B SBR
Ha chtkh trng
Chn lp
B kh trng
Sn phi bn
Bn d
Nc thi sinh hot205 m3/ngy.m
Nc tch t b nn v sn phi bn
B trung gian
B lc p lc
Hng mchin hu
H thu nc thi
Gi chn rc
Bm
Bm
Bm
Bm
B cha vnn bn
Bm
My thi kh
H thu nc thi
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Hnh 3.1 S quy trnh cng ngh phng n 1
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3.3.2 Phng n 2
Hnh 3.2: S quy trnh cng ngh phng n 2
Trang 36
Ngun tip nhnQCVN 14-2008, Ct A
B iu ha
Aerotank
Ha cht khtrng
NH K HT BN
B cha v nnbnBn d
Nc thi sinh hot 205m3/ngy.m
H thu nc thi
Gi chn rc
B kh trng
Nctch
bn
B lng 2
Bm
BmMy thi kh
Bm
Bm
Hng mchin hu
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3.3.3 So snh 2 phng n x l
Bng 3.2: So snh 2 phng n x l
Phng n Phng n 1
(B SBR)
Phng n 2
(B Aerotank)u im - Qu trnh x l n gin, n
nh khng b nh hng nhiu
khi lu lng thay i t ngt.
- Khng cn h thng bn tun
hon.
- Khng cn b lng II.
- Gim din tch t xy dng
v chi ph u t.
- C kh nng kh c cc
hp cht cha N, P.
- B Aerotank ph hp s dng
trong trng hp nc thi c
lu lng bt k.
- H thng c iu khin
hon ton t ng, vn hnh
n gin, t sa cha.
- D khng ch cc thng s
vn hnh
- Hiu qu x l BOD, COD
kh cao
Nhc im - Cng ngh sinh hc - b SBR
i hi s n nh tnh cht
nc thi trc x l.
- Ngi vn hnh phi c kinh
ngim v thng xuyn theo
di cht ch cc giai on
XLNT ca b SBR.
- Lng bn sinh ra nhiu
- Kh nng x l N, P khng
cao
Nhn xt: Sau khi so snh u, nhc im 2 cng ngh x l thy rng:
Phng n 1 c nhiu u im ph hp vi yu cu thit k cho trm x l nc
thi cng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia v quy m, kinh t, qun l, vn hnh. Chnh
v vy chn phng n 1 tnh ton thit k cho trm x l nc thi cng ty
TNHH VMC Hong Gia cng sut 205m3/ngy.m.
3.3.4 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh la chn ( Phng n 1 )
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Nc thi t hm t hoi ca nh v sinh t chy v h thu ca trm x l
nc thi theo ng ng chnh. Nc thi trc khi i vo h thu i qua gi chn
rc loi b nhng loi rc th bo v bm trong h thu. Nc thi t h thu
c lun phin bm bng 2 bm chm vo b iu ha.
B iu ha c nhim v iu ha lu lng v hm lng cht thi trong
nc thi i vo trm x l, B iu ho c lp t h thng sc kh khuy
trn v gim mt phn BOD. Nc thi t b iu ha c bm qua b
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) bng 2 bm chm.
Trong b SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) ta b tr h thng phn phi kh
trn khp din tch b. B hot ng gm 5 pha thc hin ni tip nhau: pha lm
y (Fill), pha phn ng (React), pha lng (Settle), pha tho nc sch (Decant),
pha ch (Idle).
Thi b bn khng nm trong cc hot ng ca b SBR v khng c thi
gian nh cho qu trnh thi b. Bn thng c thi b trong pha lng hoc pha
ch. Khi lng bn v tng s thi bn c quy nh da vo hiu qu x l
mong mun. Do qu trnh sc kh v lng din ra trong cng mt b nn khng cbn cht trong qu trnh phn ng v khng cn phi tun hon bn duy tr nng
bn trong b phn ng. Bn c x ht nh k v b cha nn bn gim
lng m c trong bn n mc cho php trc khi bm ln sn phi bn. Cn
phn nc trong c thu bng mt thit b t bit dng cho b SBR chy v b
cha trung gian. T b cha trung gian c bm ln b lc p lc tch cc cn
l lng cn li trong nc thi ri t y c dn sang b tip xc, tip xc vi
clorine trong mt thi gian nht nh sau khi thi ra b kh trng, nc thi t
tiu chun i vi ngun thi loi A theo QCVN 14 2008 v c th x ra ngun
tip nhn.
CHNG 4: TNH TON CNG TRNH X L
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4.1 Mc tiu
Tnh ton thng s dng vt cht, kch thc cng trnh.Ga tr lu lng dng thit k:
H s khng iu ha ca nh my l: Kmax = 2,5, Kmin = 0,4
QTB = 205 m3/ngy = 205 m3/24h = 8,54 m3/h
Qmax = 2.5QTB = 2,5 x 205 m3/ngy = 512,5 m3/24h = 21,35 m3/h
Qmin = 0.4QTB = 0,4 x 205 m3/ngy = 82 m3/24h = 3,42 m3/h
Bng 4.1 Cc thng s lu lng dng trong thit k.
Thng s K hiu, n v Gi trLu lng gi trung bnh QTB (m3/h) 8,54Lu lng gi ln nht Qh,max (m3/h) 21,35Lu lng gi nh nht Qh,min (m3/h) 3,42
4.2 Tnh ton
4.2.1 Gi chn rc:
Gi chn rc gi li cc tp cht c kch thc ln hn 5mm.
Do cng sut nh v lng rc khng nhiu, chn gi chn rc th cng dng
gi cha. Khung gia cng bng V3 inox 304, li bao bng inox 304 l 3 5 ly.
Rc thu gom c hp ng vi cng ty mi trng th thu gom v x l.
Bng 4.2Cc thng s chn gi chn rc
Thng s Lm sch th cngKch thc gi chn rc:
Rng, mm
Di, mm
Cao, mm
Kch thc l, mm
300
300
500
3-5
4.2.2 Hm bm tip nhn
4.2.2.1 Nhim v:
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Hm tip nhn nc thi l ni tp trung ton b nc thi t cc hm t hoi ca
cng ty m bo lu lng ti thiu cho bm nc v b iu ha hot ng an
ton.
4.2.2.2 Tnh ton:
Hm bm c cng ty TNHH VCM Hong Gia xy sn v trang b hai
bm chm bm vo cng thot nc chung ca khu vc.
Kch thc thc t ca hm bm: Di x Rng x Cao = 3,5 x 1,8 x 3m
Th tch thc ca b: V = 18,9 m3
Theo l thuyt th tch hm bm c tnh:
V = Qh,max .t
Trong : V Th tch hm bm, V = 18,9 m3
Qh,max : lu lng ln nht trong mt gi
t: thi gian lu nc ca hm bm
153885,0/35,21
9,183
3
phutmhm
m
Q
Vt ===
Vi thi gian lu nc hm bm t = 53 pht hon ton tha mn quy phm 10
30 pht. Chn hm tip nhn ny lm hm bm bm nc vo b iu ha.
Ti hm tip nhn cng ty TNHH VMC Hong Gia trang b hai bm chm
bm nc thi vo mng li thot nc chung ca khu vc. Cng sut ca mi
bm N=1 Hp, ct p H=8m, lu lng 12,5m3/h, hng sn xut HCP i Loan.
ng chuyn nc t hm tip nhn v b iu ha l ng nha uPVC 90mm. Do
ta chn hai bm ny bm nc vo b iu ha.
Bng 4.3 Cc thng s thit k v kch thc hm bm tip nhnSTT Thng s n v Gi tr
1 Lu lng gi ln nht, Q maxh m3/h 21,35
2 Thi gian lu nc, t pht 533 Th tch thc hm bm, Vb m3 18,94 Chiu su hu ch, h m 25 Kch thc hm bm
Chiu di, L m 3,5Chiu rng, B m 1,8
Chiu su tng cng, H m 3
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4.2.3 B iu ha
4.2.3.1 Nhim v
Do tnh cht nc thi thay i theo tng ca v khng n nh. V vy cn
thit xy dng b iu ha iu ha v lu lng v nng nc thi. ng thi
khi lm thong nh cp kh xy vo nc thi s trnh sinh mi hi thi ti y v
lm gim khong 20 -30% hm lng COD, BOD c trong nc thi.
Vic s dng b iu ha trong qu trnh x l mang li mt s thun li sau:
+ n nh lu lng v nng cc cht i vo cng trnh x l
sinh hc.
+ Tng cng hiu qu x l nc thi ca cng trnh x l sinh
hc pha sau, nh gim thiu hoc loi b hin tng gy sc do tng ti trng
t ngt, pha long cc cht gy c ch cho qu trnh x l sinh hc, n nh
pH ca nc thi m khng cn tiu tn nhiu ha cht.
+ Gip cho nc thi cp vo cc b sinh hc c lin tc trong
giai on cc phn xng khng x nc.4.2.3.2 Tnh ton
Kch thc b:
Thi gian lu nc trong b iu ha 4 8h, Chn t = 6h
Th tch b iu ha33
25,516/54,8 mhhmtQV h ===
Chn b hnh khi ch nht, chiu cao lm vic h = 4m, chiu cao bo v
hbv=1m
Chiu cao xy dng
m5m1m4hhH bv =+=+=
Din tch mt bng b
2
3
8,1 24
25,51m
m
m
H
VF ===
Kch thc b iu ha: L x B x H = 4m x 3,5m x 5m
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Vt liu xy dng
Chn vt liu xy dng b iu ha l b tng ct thp M250, thnh dy
200mm, bn y dy 300 mm, st Nht an thnh hai lp, @200 phi 14, chng thm
sika bn trong 2 lp, bn ngoi qut bentum.
Thng s v kch thc b th hin trong bng 4.4.
Bng 4.4 Thng s v kch thc b iu ho
STT Thng s n v Gi tr1 Thi gian lu nc, t H 62 Th tch thc ca b, V m3 70
3 Chiu cao lm vic, h M 44 Chiu cao bo v, hbv M 15 Chiu cao xy dng, H M 56 B rng ca b, B M 3,57 Chiu di b, L M 4
Dng khuy trn, tnh thit b xo trn b iu ha:
Bng 4.5 Cc dng khuy trn b iu ha
Dng khuy trn Gi tr n v
Khuy trn c kh 4 8 W/m3 th tch b
Kh nn, tc kh nn 10 15 L/m3.ph (m3 th tch b)
Do nhit ca nc thi khong 200C 250C trong khi nhit ca kh t
my thi kh cao hn nhiu (khong 400C) nn khi cp kh vo b iu ha va h a
trn cc dng nc va nng nhit ca nc thi (v yu cu ca nc thi khi
vo cc cng trnh sinh hc l phi c nhit t 28 35oC thch hp cho cc
phn ng sinh hc).Vy chn khuy trn b iu ha bng h thng thi kh
Lng kh nn cn thit cho khuy trn
phLphmmphmmVRq ttk /980/98,070./014,03333 ====
Vi
R: Tc kh nn, R = 10 15L/m3.ph, chn R = 14L/m3.ph
Vtt: Th tch thc t ca b, Vtt = 70m3
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Chn a phn phi kh b tr theo chu vi thnh c lu lng kh 120l/ph.
S a phn phi kh cn thit cho khuy trn
2,8/12 0
/980===
phL
phL
r
qn K ci, chn 9 ci
Chn a phn phi kh tinh loi EPDM, a mn 9, ng knh 270mm
Theo chiu di b t 3 a, a cch thnh b 0,67m, cc a cch nhau:
mn 33,12
267,04=
=
Theo chiu rng b t 3 a, a cch thnh b 0,55m, cc a cch nhau:
mn 2,12
255
,05
,3
=
=
Tnh ton ng dn kh nn:
ng ng chnh:
mmmv
qD
Khi
KK36036,0
14,315
0154,044==
=
=
qKK lu lng khng kh cn thit, qKK=924l/ph = 0,0154m3/s
Vkhi vn tc dng kh 15m/sVy chn ng dn kh chnh phn phi vo b iu ha l ng inox SUS304
42mm
ng ng nhnh
mv
qd
Khi
KK0255,0
14,36
00308,044=
=
=
qKK lu lng khng kh trong ng nhnh, qkk= 924L/ph/5 = 184,8L/ph =
0,00308 m3/s
vKh vn tc khng kh trong ng chn 6m/s
Vy chn ng dn kh nhnh vo b iu ha bng inox SUS304 27mm.
Tnh ton bm nc thi vo b SBR.
Lu lng bm: Q= 25,625m3 vy lu lng mi bm 25,625 m3/3h = 8,542
m3/h = 205m3/ngy
Ct p bm: H = 10 m
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Cng sut bm:
N =
1000
HgQ=
85,01000606024
1 081,91000205
= 0,274 kW.
Chn loi bm nhng chm t ti b iu ha c lu lng Qb = 8,542m3/h.
Ct p H =10 m, cng sut N = 0,5 Hp, hng sn xut Tsurumi Nht.
ng ng dn nc vo b SBR:
Vn tc dng chy trong ng c p l v = 0,7 1,5 m/s. Chn v=1,0 m/s.
ng knh ng dn nc:
D = 60602 40,120544
= x
x
xv
xQ
=0,055 (m).
Kim tra li vn tc nc trong ng:
V= 2,1606024)05,0(
2 0544
22==
xxxx
x
xD
xQ
m/s > v=1m/s
tha iu kin.
Vy chn ng nc sang b SBR l ng nha uPVC c 60mm.
Vt liu xy dngChn vt liu xy dng b iu ha l BTCT M250, thnh dy 200mm, bn y
dy 300 mm, st Nht an thnh hai lp, @200 phi 14, chng thm sika bn trong
2 lp, bn ngoi qut bentum.
4.2.4 B SBR
Cc thng s u vo ca b SBR:
- Cng sut thit k: Q=205m3/ng.
- BOD5 = 215 mg/l.
- COD = 420 mg/l
Cc thng s u ra: (Theo tiu QCVN 14 2008, ct A)
- BOD5 30 mg/l
- COD - mg/l
Cc thng s thit k:
- Nng bn hot tnh u vo ca b X 0 =0.
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
- Thi gian lu bn (tui ca bn) c=10 30 ngy, chn 10 ngy
- T s F/M = 0,05-0,2 ngy-1
- Nng bn hot tnh l lng trong b: X=2000 5000 mg/l, chn X=3500
mg/l.
- tro ca cn: Z = 0,3 mg/mg.
- Ch s th tch bn: SVI = 150 ml/g
- BOD5 = 0,65COD
- T s MLVSS: MLSS= 0,68
- Nhit nc thi: t= 25oC
- Nng cn lng trung bnh di y b XS=10000mg/l.
- Cht l lng trong nc thi u ra cha 20mg/l cn sinh hc v 65% cht c
kh nng phn hy sinh hc.
4.2.4.1 Xc nh kch thc b SBR:
Tng thi gian ca mt chu k hot ng
T = tF + tA + tS + tD + t1= 3 + 2 + 0,5 + 0,5 = 6h
Vi:Thi gian lm y: tF = 3h.
Thi gian phn ng: tA = 2h.
Thi gian lng: tS = 0,5h.
Thi gian rt nc: tD = 0,5h.
Thi gian pha ch: t1 = 0,
Chn SBR gm 2 n nguyn, khi n nguyn ny ang lm y
th n nguyn khc ang phn ng.
S chu k hot ng ca 1 n nguyn trong 1 ngy
n =h
h
6
24= 4 (chu k/n nguyn.ngy)
Tng s chu k lm y trong 1 ngy
N = 2xn = 2x4 = 8 (chu k/ngy)
Th tch b lm y trong 1chu k
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
VF =8
2 05= 25,625 (m3)
Hm lng cht rn l lng trong th tch bn lng
Xs =SVI
lmlgxmg /1000/1000=
1 50
10001000x= 6666,67 (mg/l)
Xt s cn bng khi lng
VTxX =VSxXS
T
S
V
V=
SX
X=
676666
3500
,= 0,525
Cn cung cp thm 20% cht lng pha trn bn khng b rt ra theokhi rt nc
0,525x 1,2=0,63
T
F
V
V= 1 0,63 = 0,37 chn
T
F
V
V= 0,3
Th tch ca b SBR:
VT =30,
FV =3,0
625,25= 85,42 m3
Chn:
Chiu cao ca b, H = 4,6 m
Chiu cao bo v b, hbv = 0,4 m
Chiu cao xy dng b
Hxd = H + hbv = 4,6 + 0,5 = 5 m
Din tch ca b:
S =6,4
42,85=18,56 m2
Vy kch thc b SBR: L x B x H = 6m x 3m x 5m
Thi gian lu nc trong sut qu trnh:
hQ
VT202 4
2 05
42,8522=
=
= 10 50 h
4.2.4.2 Xc nh hm lng BOD5 ho tan trong nc thi u ra:
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Tng BOD5ra = BOD5ho tan + BOD5 ca cn l lng
Hm lng cht l lng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc u ra:
25,625 x 0,65 = 16,65 (mg/l)
Hm lng BOD ca cht l lng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc u ra:
16,65 mg/l x 1,42 mg O2tiu th/mg t bo b oxi ho = 23,65 mg/l
Hm lng BOD5 ca cht l lng u ra:llBOD
5 = 23,68 x 0,68 = 16,08 (mg/l)
Hm lng BOD5 ho tan trong nc thi u ra:ht
BOD5 =
ra
BOD5 -
ll
BOD5 = 30 16,08 =13,92 mg/l4.2.4.3 Hiu qu x l:
Hiu qu lm sch theo BOD5 ha tan:
( ) ( )%5,931 00
2 1 5
92,1 32 1 51 00 =
=
=
o
o
S
SSE .
T s F/M:
M
F=
XV
SQ
T
o
=
350042,85
2 1 52 05
= 0,147 ngy-1 [0,05-0,2] ngy-1
Ti trng th tch ca b phn ng:
42,85
1 020521 53
=
=T
o
V
QSL = 0,52 kgBOD5/m3.ngy
4.2.4.4 Tnh ton lng bn sn sinh ra mi ngy.
Tc tng trng ca bn:
35,01 00 1 46,01
4,0
K1
YY
cdb =+=+=
Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra do kh BOD5 theo VSS trong 1 ngy:
( ) 42 7,1 41 092,1 321 520535,0)( 3 === SSQYP obX kg/ngy
Ta chn:
Y=0,4 g VSS/g bBOD
Kd.T = k20 x (T-20) = 0,12 g/g.ngy (1,04)25-20 = 0,0146 g/g.ngy
Bng 4.6 H s ng hc bn hot tnh 20o
C.
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
H s n v Gii hn Gi tr in hnh
m g VSS/g VSS.ngy 3-13,2 6
Ks g bCOD/m
3
5-40 20Y g VSS/g bCOD 0,3-0,5 0,4kd g VSS/g VSS.ngy 0,06-0,2 0,12fd Khng th nguyn 0,08-,02 0,15
Tng lng bn sinh ra theo SS trong 1 ngy:
61,203,01
427,14
1
=
=
=
z
PP XSS kg/ngy
Tng lng bn d cn x lmi ngy:
Lng bn d cn x ly(Gd) = tng lng bn lng cn tri ra khi b
= 20,61 20x205x10-3 = 16,51 kg/ngy.
Th tch cn chim ch sau 1 ngy:
62,1
1000
1000002,1
51,1 6
02,1=
=
=
S
db X
GV
m3/ngy.
Chiu cao cn lng trong b:
mxS
Vh bb 045,0
1 82
62,1
2
=
==
Th tch bn phi x mt b ( li 20%):
Vb = 0,8hb F =0,80,04536 = 0,648m3
Vy lng bn phi bm b hai b SBR mi ngy l:
Vtcb = 0,648x2 = 1,296 m3/ngy
4.2.4.5 Xc nh lng khng kh cn thit cho mt n nguyn:
Lng oxi cn thit cung cp cho mi b theo iu kin cn lm sch BOD,
oxy ha amoni NH+4 thnh NO3-, kh NO3- .
OCo = Q(So-S) - 1,42xPx + 4,57Q(N0 N)
= (102,5m3/ngy)(215-13,92)g/m3(1kg/103g)-1,42x(14,427kg/ngy)/2 +
4,57 x 102,5 (32,5 2) g/m3 (1kg/103g)
= 24,65 kg/ngy
Thi gian thi kh ca mt b: ti thiu mt na thi gian lm y nn thi kh
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
2
3H+2h = 3,5 h
Tng thi gian sc kh mt ngy ca mt b:3,5hx4 = 14h
T l chuyn ho oxi trung bnh:
1 4
/65,2 42
ngakgO= 1,76kg/h
Lng oxi thc t:
1,76 kg/h x2 = 3,52 kg/h
Ta chn:Hiu sut chuyn ho oxi l 9%
Khng kh c 23,2% trng lng O2
Khi lng ring khng kh l 1,2 kg/m3
Lng khng kh cn cp:
Mkk= )2 32,0)(/2,1(09,0/52,33mkg
hkg= 140,48 m3/h
Kim tra lng khng kh cn thit cho xo trn hon ton mt b:
q =V
Mkk =ngaphut/1 440, m8 5 4 2
L/m1 0 0 0/ngay, m1 4 0 4 83
33
= 1,142L/m3.pht
Tr s ny nm ngoi khong cho php: q = 20-40 L/m3pht
Vy ta chn q = 25L/m3.pht
Lng khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh:
Mkk= 25l/m3pht85,42m3= 2135,5L/pht = 0,0356m3/s
S lng a thi kh cn lp t trong b SBR
N =q
Mkk =phut.
u, L/ph2 1 35 5
/1 2 0l= 17,79 a
Vy s a thi kh cn lp t trong mi b SBR l: 18 a.
4.2.4.6 Cch phn phi a thi kh trong b
Kh t my thi kh c dn qua ng chnh i vo b SBR (t dc theo
chiu di b). Mi ng ng dn vo mi b SBR c chia lm 3 ng ng ph
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
cp 1 b tr dc theo thnh b xung y b phn phi kh cho cc a t ti y
mi b SBR. Theo tiu chun cc u rng ca a thi kh l rng phi 27 nn chn
ng nhnh cp 2 l ng phi 27 dn kh vo cc a.
Ti mi b SBR dc theo chiu di b tr 6 a, mi a cch nhau 1m v cch
thnh b 0,5m.
Khong cch gia 2 ng ng dn kh ph t gn nhau l 2m
Khong cch gia 2 ng ng ngoi cng n thnh b l 1m
4.2.4.7 Tnh ton ng ng, bm bn ra khi b SBR
ng ng dn nc ra khi b SBR:
Vn tc dng chy trong ng c p l v = 0,7 1,5 m/s. Chn v=1,0 m/s.
ng knh ng dn nc:
D =6060240,1
20544
=
x
x
xv
xQ
=0,055 (m).
Theo kinh nghim thc t trnh trng hp b tt nghn v gim thi gian
thu nc ra khi b SBR ta chn ng thot nc ra khi b SBR l ng uPVC c
114.
Thu nc ra khi b SBR bng phao ni, chn thit b Decanter ca nh cung
cp Cng ty TNHH Cng Ngh Mi Trng Thng Long. Thit b gm mt phao
ni lm bng vt liu si thy tinh, pha trn l h thng c in t t ng iu
khin vic ht nc, c bao quanh bi mt lp bo v, phn ny c ni vi
phn cha nc chm di nc, gia hai phn ny c bt kn hon ton bng
mt vng m nm di y ca phao ni. Cc h thng ny c ni vi ngdn nc ra bng nha do c th un cong theo s ln xung ca thit b. Sau
cng, ng dn nha do ni vi ng dn nc ra c nh bng nha PVC 114mm.
Tnh ton bm bn ra khi b SBR v b nn bn.
- Lu lng bn cn thi b ti mt b SBR trong: QVb=0,648 m3/ngy. Lng
bn ny c chia iu cho bn chu k hot ng ca b SBR.
- Lng bn cn x b ti mt chu k:
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Qck4
648,0= 0,162 m3/ngy = 1,875.10-6 m3/s.
- Chiu cao ct p: H=10m.- Cng sut ca bm:
N =
1000
hgQck =8,01000
1081,9108010875,1 6
= 2,48.10-4 kW
Vi:
+ : khi lng ring ca bn thi ly bng khi lng ring ca bn,
=1080kg/m3.
+ : hiu sut hu ch ca bm. Chn =0,8.Ngoi th trng khng c loi bm trn, chn loi bm nhng chm cnh h.
S lng bn ci, mi b SBR t hai ci c ct p H =10 m, cng sut bm 0,5Hp,
hng sn xut Tsurumi Nht.
ng ng dn kh vo b SBR:
- ng ng chnh:
ng knh ng dn kh chnh (cung cp cho 2 b SBR)
Dk =k
k
xv
xQ
4
=
9
0356,04= 0,07 m.
Vi:
vk: Vn tc kh trong ng dn chnh
vkh=9m/s.
Chn ng dn kh chnh l ng inox SUS30475mmKim tra li vn tc kh trong ng:
22 )075,0(
0356,044
=
= D
xQv Kkh =8,06m/s
- ng ng nhnh:
Lng kh qua mi ng nhnh:
qk =6
kQ =6
0356,0= 0,0059 m3/s
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
ng knh ng nhnh dn kh:
dk =v
qk
4=
9
0059,04
=28,89mm
Vi: vn: Vn tc kh trong ng nhnh
vn = 9m/s.
Chn ng nhnh dn kh l ng inox SUS304, ng knh 34mm.
Kim tra li vn tc kh trong ng:
22
)034,0(
0059,044
=
=
D
qv Kkh = 6,5 m/s.
4.2.4.8 Tnh ton my thi kh
p lc cn thit ca h thng phn phi kh:
Hk= hd + hc + hf+ H
= 0,4 + 0,4 + 0,5 + 4,7 = 6,0 m.
Vi:
hd: Tn tht p lc do ma st dc chiu di ng; hd 0,4 m;
chn hd =0,4mhc: Tn tht cc b; hc 0,4 m, chn hc = 0,4 m
hf: Tn tht qua thit b phn phi kh; hf 0,5 m, chn hf = 0,5 m
H: Chiu su hu ch ca b SBR, H = 4,7 m
Cng sut my thi kh:
Pk=
1
729
2830
1
21
,
, P
P
en
TRGk
=
1
1
593,1
8,0283,07,29
2 9831 4,808372,0283,0
= 4,345 kW.
Vi:
e : Hiu sut my thi kh; e = 0,7 - 0,8, chn e = 0,8
Gk: Trng lng dng kh
Gk= Qkx k = (0,0356 + 0,0288) x 1,3 = 0,08372 kg/s
R : Hng s kh; R = 8,314 KJ/KmoloK (i vi khng kh)
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
T1: Nhit khng kh u vo T1 = 25 + 273 = 298oK
P1: p sut tuyt i ca khng kh u vo P1 = 1 atm
P2: p sut tuyt i ca khng kh u ra:
P2 = 1 +1 2,1 0kH = 1 +
1 2,1 0
0,6= 1,593 atm
n: h s n, n =K
K 1=
395,1
1395,1 = 0,283 (K = 1,395)
in iu khin
iu khin cc pha hot ng ca hai b SBR bng cc van in t ng vi
s iu khin ca time thi gian. c thit k vi mc ch ti u ha cc qu trnh
vn hnh hot ng ca h thng SBR
Vt liu xy dng
Chn vt liu xy dng b SBR l BTCT M250, thnh dy 200mm, bn y
dy 300 mm, st Nht an thnh hai lp, @200 phi 14, chng thm sika bn trong 2
lp, bn ngoi qut bentum.
Bng 4.7 Thng s kch thc SBRSTT Thng s n v Gi tr1 Lu lng thit k, Q tbnga m
3/ngy 205
2 Thi gian lm y, tF = 3h. h 33 Thi gian phn ng, tA = 2h. h 24 Thi gian lng, tS = 0,5h. h 0,55 Thi gian rt nc, tD h 0,56 Thi gian ch, tI h 07 S n nguyn 2
8 S chu k /ngy.b 49 Chiu cao b m 4,610 Chiu cao bo v, hbv m 0,411 Chiu cao xy dng, Hxd m 512 Chiu di b, L m 613 Chiu rng b, B m 314 Thi gian lu nc h 2015 T s F/M ngy 1 0,14716 Ti trng th tch kgBOD/ngy 0,52
4.2.5 B trung gian
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
4.2.5.1 Nhim v
Nc sau lng t b SBR theo ng dn chy vo b trung gian ri c bm
vo 2 b lc p lc.
4.2.5.2 Tnh ton
Kch thc b
Thi gian lu nc t = 15 pht (qui phm 10 15 pht).
Th tch b:
)(;135,260
15.54,8. 3mt
h
tbQV ===
- Chn b trung gian c kch thc nh sau
- Chiu di D x R x H = 2x1,1x2 m.
Vt liu xy dng
Chn vt liu xy dng b SBR l BTCT M250, thnh dy 200mm, bn y
dy 300 mm, st Nht an thnh hai lp, @200 phi 14, chng thm sika bn trong 2
lp, bn ngoi qut bentum.
Bm nc ln b lc p lc
Chn 2 bm trc ngang loi ly tm chu c mi trng
nc thi.
Ct p tng cng m bm thng c l : H = 10 m.
Cng sut bm :
)(;
.1000
...Kw
HgqN b
=
Trong :
qb : Lu lng bm, qb = 0,0023 (m3/s).
: Khi lng ring ca dung dch; chn p = 1050 kg/m3
g : Gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 m/s2.
H : Ct p bm, H =10 m.
: Hiu sut chung ca bm = 0,65 0,8. Chn
= 0,65.
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
)(;5,075,0.65,0.1000
10.81,9.1050.0023,0
.1000
...HP
HgqN b ===
Ta chn bm c cng sut: N = 0,5 HP
ng ng dn nc vo b lc p lc
Vn tc dng chy trong ng c p l v = 0,7 1,5 m/s. Chn v=1,0 m/s.
ng knh ng dn nc:
D =6060240,1
20544
=
x
x
xv
xQ
=0,055 (m).
Kim tra li vn tc nc trong ng:
V= 2,1606024)05,0(
20544
22==
xxxx
x
xD
xQ
m/s > v=1m/s
tha iu kin.
Vy chn ng dn nc vo b lc p lc l ng nha uPVC c 60mm.
Bng 4.8: Bng tm tt kt qu tnh ton b trung gian
Thng s K hiu n v Gi tr
Th tch thc ca b V m3 4,4
Chiu di ca b D m 2
Chiu rng ca b R m 1,1
Chiu cao tng cng H m 2
4.2.6 B lc p lc
4.2.6.1 Chc nng
B lc c dng gi li mt phn hay ton b cn bn c trong nc,
kh cc ht mn v c v hu c. Nc c bm t b trung gian qua ng phn
phi vo b lc, qua lp vt liu lc, lp si vo h thng thu nc trong v
c a v b kh trng.
4.2.6.2 Tnh ton
Dng b lc p lc vi 1 lp vt liu lc l ct thch anh, c:
ng knh ht: d = 0,5 1,25 (mm).
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Chiu dy lp vt liu lc 0,8 (m),
H s khng ng nht K = 2 2,2 ;
ng knh tng ng 0,7 0,8 mm.
Vt liu dng si c:
ng knh d = 5 2 mm, chiu dy d = 0,15 m.
ng knh d = 10 5 mm, chiu dy d = 0,15 m.
ng knh d = 20 10 mm, chiu dy d = 0,10 m.
Tng din tch ca b lc:
btbt vatWtTvQF
216,3 =
Trong :
+ Q: Cng sut trm x l 205 (m3/ngy m)
+ T: Thi gian lm vic ca trm trong mt ngy m (gi), T = 24 gi
+ btv : Tc lc tnh ton ch lm vic bnh thng (m/h), [ly theo
bng 4-10 trang 153 X L Nc Cp TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung] btv =
15 m/h
+ a : S ln ra mi b trong mt ngy m lm vic ch bnh
thng, a=1
+ W : Cng nc ra lc, [ly theo bng 4-5 trang 128 X L Nc
Cp TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung] W = 8 (l/sm2)
+ 1t : Thi gian ra lc, [ly theo bng 4-5 trang 128 X L Nc Cp
TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung] 1t = 0,1 (gi)
+ 2t : Thi gian ngng b lc ra, 2t = 0,35 gi
1 535,011,086,31 524
2 05
xxxxxF
= = 0,58 (m2)
S b lc cn thit, [Theo cng thc 4-51 trang 140 X L Nc Cp
TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung]
N = F5,0 = 0,5 58,0 = 0,38 b
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Chn s b lc cn thit l N = 1 b, chn 2 b (Mt b hot ng mt b d
phng).
Din tch 1 b lc:
1
58,0==
N
Ff = 0,58 (m2)
Bn knh ca b lc:
===
14,3
58,0
14,3
fr 0,43m
ng knh ca b:
D = 0,86m = 860mm, chn ng knh ca b lc D=900mm
Chiu cao ton phn ca b lc xc nh theo cng thc:
H = h0
+ h1
+h2
+h3
+h4
=0,25+0,4+0,8+0,6+0,25=2,3 (m)
Trong :
+ 1h : Chiu cao lp si , [theo bng 4-7 trang 141 X L Nc Cp
TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung] 1h = 0,4 m
+ 2h : Chiu dy lp vt liu lc, ly theo bng 4-6 trang 139 X L Nc
Cp TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung 2h = 0,8 m
+Chn khong cch t phu thu n np trn thit b lc l: h
4
= 0,25 (m)
+Chn gin n lp vt liu khi ra ngc: e = 0,5 (m); [theo XLNT LVS
trang 60]
+ Khong cch t mt trrn lp vt liu n phu thu nc ra lc.
Trang 57
)(;6,0)8,04,0.(5,0).(213 mhheh =+=+=
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Chn thit b c 3 chn, ng knh chn: dc
=114 mm, dy 3 mm; khong
cch t b mt t thit b n y di thit b: h0
= 0,25 (m)
Xc nh h thng phn phi nc ra lc
Cng ra lc cho mt b :
Qra =1000
. nuocWf =1000
1 5.58,0= 0,0087 m3/s
Thi gian ra lc l 8 pht. [theo bng 4-5 trang 128 X L Nc Cp
TS.Nguyn Ngc Dung]
Lng nc mt ln cho mt b :
q = Qra.t = 0,0087.8 .60 = 4,178 m3/ln
Chn tc nc chy trong ng dn theo quy phm l 2 m/s.
Tit din ng dn nc ra n b lc :
Sng =2
1Qra =
2
1. 0,0087 = 0,00435 m2
ng knh ng dn nc ra ti b lc
Dng =
S.4=
00435,0.4= 0,0744 m = 7,4 mm.
Chn ng dn c ng knh 75 mm.
Kim tra li vn tc nc chy trong ng dn chnh
v = orua
S
Q
= 4.
2D
Qrua
= 40075
,0
.
0087,02
= 1,47 m
(nm trong gii hn cho php 2 m/s)
Cu to h thng phn phi kiu c lp si gm: gin ng phn phi c
ng chnh v cc ng nhnh u vi nhau theo hnh xng c. Gin ng phn phi
c t trong lp si st y b. Cc ng nhnh c khoan hai hng l phn
phi so le na bn di v c hng to thnh 450 so vi phng thng ng.
ng knh l chn 10 mm. Din tch ca mt l Sl = r2
= 3,14.52
=0,0000785m2
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Tng din tch cc l:
Stl = 35% Sng = 35%.0,00435 = 0,00152m2
S l cn thit:
0000785,0
00152,0==
l
tl
s
SN = 19,36 l
Chn s l cn thit l 20 l
Khon cch gia cc trc ca ng 200mm v gia cc tim l l 200mm
Tnh bm nc ra lc
Da vo hai thng s c bng l: lu lng nc ra lc (Qr) v p lc cn
thit ca my bm (Hr)
Lu lng nc ra lc Qr= 0,0087m3/s
p lc cn thit ca my bm xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Hr=hhh+ h + hp+ hs + hc +bbm +hcb= 4 + 0,5 + 7,76 + 0,18 + 0,14 + 2 + 2,4 = 16,98m
Trong :
- hhh: cao hnh hc tnh t mc nc thp nht n mp thu phu thu nc ra
lc, hhh=4m- h : Tn tht p lc trn ng ng dn nc t trm bm n b ra lc, chn
h = 0,5m
- hp: Tn tht p lc trong h thng phn phi nc ra lc, c tnh theo cng
thc sau:
mgg
hpvv n
76,781,9.2
2
81,9.2
2.03,19
22
.22
22
0=+=+=
Vi:
+ v0 tc nc chy u ng chnh: 2m/s
+ vn: Tc nc chy u ng nhnh: 2m/s
+ g; Gia tc trng trng: 9,81m/s2
+ :h s sc cn, tnh theo cng thc sau
03,19112 2,0
2,21
2,22
=+=+=
w
K ,
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
( Kw: t s gia tng in tch cc l trn ng (0,00152m2) v din tch tit din
ngang ca ng chnh (0,00435m2), Kw= 0,35)
- hs: Tn tht p lc qua lp si : 24...42.8,1
60.
1
2v
d
L
tChs
+= (m/ngy)
)/(;18,024.9..10
4,0.
4225.8,1
60.
600
1
2ngymhs =
+
=
-h
c
: Tn tht p lc qua lp ct lc:
)/(;14,024.9..2,1
8,0.
4225.8,1
60
.600
1
2 ngymhc =+
=
- hbm: p lc ph v kt cu ban u, ca lp ct lc; 2,0m
- hcp: Tng tn tht cc b cc b phn ni ng v van kha, xc nh theo
cng thc: mg
vhcb 4,2
81,9.2
2)].592,0()526,0()698,0[(
2
22
=++==
+ : Tn tht p lc qua ct = 0,98; kha=0,26; t=0,92.
+ v: Vn tc nc chy trong ng; v=2m/s
Cng sut bm:
N =
.1000
... gHQ= kW2
7,01000
81,999898,160087,0=
Trong : Q = 0,0087 m3/s : lu lng nc dng ra lc
H = 16,98 m: ct p ca bm
= 998 kg/m3: khi lng ring ca nc nhit lm vic
= 0,7 : hiu sut chung ca bm
Vy chn bm c cng sut 2 kW, vi lu lng l 32 m3/h v ct p l 17m, hng
sn xut Tsurumi Nht
Bng 4.9 Thng s kch thc b lc
STT Thng s n v Gi tr
1 Lu lng bn,Qtbgi m3/gi 8,54
2 Chiu cao b lc m 2,3
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
3 ng knh b lc m 0,94 Chiu cao lp si m 0,45 Chiu cao lp cat m 0,86 Lu lng nc ra lc m3/s 0,00877 Ct p bm ra lc m 17
4.2.7 B kh trng
Nc thi sau khi qua b lc p lc c dn n b tip xc kh trng
bng dung dch NaOCl 10%
Thi gian tip xc gia dung dch NaOHCl vi nc l 30 pht
4.2.7.1 Tnh ton th tch bTh tch hu ch ca b tip xc c tnh theo cng thc:
3
27,45,054,8 mth
tbQV ===
Trong d:
Q: lu lng nc thi, Q = 205 m3/ngy = 8,54 m3/h
t: thi gian tip xc gia nc thi v dung dch Clorua vi, t = 30 pht =
0,5h
Vn tc nc chy trong b tip xc, v = 2 4,5 m/pht. Chn v = 2
m/pht
Din tch b tip xc:
2
1,67,0
27,4m
h
VF ===
h: chiu cao mc nc b, h = 0,7m
B xy dng hnh ch nht c 4 ngn:
2
525,14
1,6
4
mF
f ===
Kch thc mi ngn:
+ Chiu di : L = 1,3m
+ Chiu rng : B = 1,3m
Chiu di b:
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
( ) mbnnBL 5,51,0143,14)1( =+=+=
b: b dy vch ngn, b = 0,1m
Chiu cao bo v: hbv = 0,3m
Chiu cao b: H = h + hbv = 0,7 + 0,3 = 1m
4.2.7.2 Tnh ton lng ha cht:
Lng Clo chm vo:
ngykgngygaQX /05,2/205010205 ====
Trong : Q: lu lng nc thi Q = 205 m3/ngy = 8,54m3/h
a: liu lng clo hot tnh, a = 10 g/m3
= 10.10-3
kg/m3
Lng NaOCl cn chm vo b tip xc:
ngaykgM
MXM
Cl
NaOCl /3,45,35
5,7405,2=
=
=
Lng dung dch NaOCl 10% cn chm vo b tip xc
hlngylC
MVt /79,1/43
1,0
3,4====
Chn thi gian lu ca dung dch NaOCl l 1 tunTh tch thng ha cht: ltVV 3017431 ===
Chn bm nh lng chm NaOCl lu lng 1,79 l/h
4.2.7.3 ng knh ng dn nc thi:
mmmv
QD 66066,0
14,37,03600
54,84
3600
4==
==
Trong : v: vn tc chy trong ng v = 0,7m/s
Q: lu lng nc thi, Q = 8,54 m3/h.
Chn ng uPVC mm90=
Bng 4.10 Thng s kch thc b kh trng.
STT Thng s n v Gi tr
1 Lu lng bn,Qtb
gim3/h 8,54
2 Chiu di b kh trung m 5,53 Chiu rng b kh trung m 1,3
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
4 Chiu cao b kh trung m 1,0
4.2.8 Tnh ton b nn bn4.2.7.1Nhim v
Bn d t b lng t II c a v b nn bn. Di tc dng ca trnglc, bn s lng v kt cht li. Sau khi nn, bn c ly ra y b.
4.2.7.2Tnh ton
Khi lng cn t b cha bn chuyn ti b nn
ngykgPSVm swbunhhbun /93,16%3,11000005,1296,1 ===
Trong :
Vhh: L hn hp nc v bn x t b lng 2. Vhh = Qb = 1,296 m3/ngy.
Sbun : L t trng bn so vi nc. Sbun= 1,005
w : L khi lng ring ca nc. w =1000kg/m3
Ps : Nng cn tnh theo cn kh, %. Ps = 0,8 2,5%. Chn Ps = 1,3%
Lng bn cc i dn ti b nn bn
ngykgmkM bun /32,2093,162,1max ===
Trong: k l h s khng iu ha thng ca bn hot tnh d. k =1,15-1,2.Chn k = 1,2.
Din tch b nn bn
2max58,0
35
32,20m
U
MS ===
Trong : U: Ti trng cht rn, U = 29 49 (kg/m 2.ngy) chn U = 35(kg/m2.ngy)
Din tch b nn bn tnh lun phn ng trung tm2
7,058,02,12,1 mSSt ===
ng knh b nn bn
mS
D t 94,014,3
7,044=
=
=
Chn D = 1,0 m
ng knh ng trung tmmDd 15,0115,015,0 ===
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Chn d = 0,15m
ng knh phn loe ca ng trung tm
d1 = 1.35d = 1.35 x 0.15 = 0.2m ng knh tm chn
dch= 1.3d1 = 1.3 * 0.2 = 0.26m
Chiu cao phn lng ca b
mtvHlang 8,13600101005,03
===
Trong :
t: L thi gian lu bn trong b nn. Chn t= 10h.
v : L vn tc bn dng. v = 0,5mm/s ( )/1,0 smv
Chiu cao phn nn vi gc nghing 45o, ng knh b D = 1.0m v chnng knh ca y b 0.3m s bng:
h2 = D/2 0.3 /2 = 1.0/2 0.3 = 0.35m
- Chiu cao ng trung tm
Hng = 60% x Hlng = 60% x 1,8 = 1,08m
Chiu cao tng cng ca b nn bnHtc = Hlng + h2 + h3 = 1,8 + 0,35 + 0.4 = 2,55m
Trong :
Hlng: L chiu cao phn lng ca b
h2: L chiu cao phn nn vi gc nghing 45o
h3: L khong cch t mc nc trong b n thnh b , h3 = 0.4m
Nc tch ra trong b nn bn c a v b iu ho tip tc x l.
Mng thu nc Vn tc nc chy trong mng: 0.6 0.7 m/s, chn v = 0.7 m/s.
Din tch mt ct t ca mng:
A = 23
0034.0/86400*)/(7.0
)/(205m
ngayssm
ngaym
v
Q==
Mng b tng ct thp dy 100mm, c lp thm mng rng ca inox SUS304, dy1mm.
Mng rng ca
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
ng knh mng rng ca c tnh theo cng thc:
Drc = D (0,1 + 0,1 + 0,003)*2 = 1.0 0,406 = 0,594m, chn 0,6m
Trong D: ng knh trong b lng I, D = 1,0m
0.1: B rng mng trn = 100mm = 0.1m
0.1: B rng thnh b tng = 100mm = 0.1m.
0.003: Tm m gia mng rng ca v mng b tng = 3mm
Mng rng ca c thit k c 6 khe/m di, khe to gc 90o.
Nh vy tng s khe dc theo mng b tng l : 0,0594 * * 6 =
11,2 khe (chn 12 khe)
Lu lng nc chy qua mi khe:
Qkhe = smngayskhe
ngaym
Sokhe
Q/1097,1
)/(86400*12
)/(20534
3
==
Mt khc ta li c
Qkhe = .2..15
8gCd smHtgH /1097,142.1
2
. 3425
2
5
==
Trong :Cd: H s lu lng, Cd = 0,6
g: Gia tc trng trng (m/s2).
: Gc ca kha ch V, o90=
H: Mc nc qua khe (m)
Gii phng trnh trn ta c H = 0.028m = 28,63 mm < 50 mm chiu suca khe t yu cu.
Bng 4.11 : Tng hp tnh ton b nn bn.Thng s Gi tr
Lng bn cc i dn ti b nn bn(kg/ngy) 20,32
ng knh b nn bn, D(m) 1.0
ng knh ng trung tm, d(m) 0.15
ng knh phn loe ca ng trung tm, dl(m) 0.2
ng knh tm chn, dch(m) 0.26
Chiu cao phn lng, hl(m) 1,8
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Chiu cao tng cng b nn bn, H tc(m) 2,55
4.2.9 Sn phi bn
Sn phi bn c nhim v lm ro nc trong cn t n m cn thitthun li cho vn chuyn v x l cn tip theo.
Din tch hu ch ca sn phi bn
2
0
172
3,32
3652648,0365m
nq
QF tc =
=
= [Theo trang 164 Sch X L
Nc Thi Th V Cng Nghip ca Lm Minh Trit]
Vi 0q : Ti trng cn ln sn phi bn c th ly theo bng di y.
Trong trng hp xt cn ti v bn hot tnh ln men vi nn nhn to c
h thng rt nc, chn na./ 230 2 mmq =
n: H s ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu, tm thi c th ly :
- i vi cc tnh pha Bc : n = 2,2 2,8
- i vi cc tnh min Trung : n = 2,8 3,4
- i vi cc tnh pha Nam : n = 3,0 4,2 (v cn lu n 6 thng ma
ma, khi cn c bin php rt nc nhanh)'nentc QQ = Lng cn tng cng dn n b nn bn, Qtc= 0,6482 m3/ngy
Bng 4.12 Ti trng cn trn 1 m2 sn phi bn.
Cn dn n sn phi bn Ti trng cn, m3/m2.nm
Nn t nhin khng cng rt nc
Nn nhn to c ngrt nc
Cn ti v bn hot tnh chaln men
1 1,5
Cn ti v bn hot tnh lnmen
1,5 2
Cn ln men lng 1,5 3,5
Ta chn 2 n nguyn kch thc sn phi bn: LxBxC = 9mx4mx1m
Din tch ph ca sn phi bn: ly bng 20% din tch sn phi bn:
F2 = 0,2 x 72 = 14,4 m2 , lm trn =14 m2
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
Din tch tng cng sn phi bn:
F = F1 + F2 = 72 + 14 = 86 m2
Lng bn phi t m 96% n 75% trong mt nm l:
W = 365Q751 00
961 00
= 3650,64825
4= 37,84 m3
Khong 20-30 ngy x mt ln, bn kh c thu gom bng th cng v bn lm
phn vi sinh
Bng 4.13 Thng s kch thc sn phi bn.
STT Thng s n v Gi tr
1 Lu lng bn,Q tbnga m3/ngy 0,648
2 Chiu di sn phi bn M 93 Chiu rng sn phi bn M 4
4 Chiu cao sn phi bn M 1
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
CHNG 5: KHI TON GI THNH X L
5.1 Chi ph xy dng, cung cp, lp t trm x l nc thi
Xy dng trm x l nc thi theo cng ngh la chn th tng chi ph thc
hin c khi qut nh sau (p theo biu gi mi thng 02/2011).
Bng 5.1: Bng khi ton chi tit cc hng mc thc hinBng I: Chi ph xy dng b (VN) 229,995,280
STT Thng s k Thut SL VTXutx
n gi(VN)
Thnh tin(VN)
1
Hm bm tip nhn:kch thc:D x R x H = 3,5 x 1,8 x 3,0 mVt liu:BTCT dy 200 mm, st Nht phi
14 an st thnh 2 lp @200,betong M 250.Qut chng thm Sika bn trong 2lp, bn ngoi sn nc loi snngoi tri.
9,31
2
M3b
tng
VitNam(B
hinhu)
0 0
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n tt nghipSVTH: Minh Ht GVHD: Ths. V Hng Thi
2
B iu ha:Kch thc:D x R x H = 4,0 x 3,5 x 5,0 m
Np b BTCT, dy 100 mm, dngst Nht phi 12 ly.Vt liu:BTCT dy 200 mm, st Nht phi14 an st thnh 2 lp @200,
betong M 250.Qut chng thm Sika bn trong 2lp, bn ngoi sn nc loi snngoi tri.
26,25
M3btng
VitNam
2,480,000 65,100,000
3
B SBR: 02 bKch thc 01 b:D x R x H = 6,0 x 3,0 x 5,0 m
Vt liu:BTCT dy 200 mm, st Nht phi14 an thnh 2 lp @200, betongM 250.Qut chng thm Sika bn trong 2lp, bn ngoi sn nc loi snngoi tri.
54.5M3btng
VitNam
2,480,000 135,160,000
4
B trung gian:Kch thc:D x R x H = 1,1 x 2,0 x 2,0 m
Np b BTCT, dy 100 mm, dngst Nht phi 12 ly.Vt liu:BTCT dy 200 mm, st Nht phi14 an thnh 2 lp @200, betongM 250.Qut chng thm Sika bn trong 2lp, bn ngoi sn