No Slide Title - The U.S.-China Oil & Gas Industry Forum Turbine and Combined Cycle BasicsGas...

GE Company ProprietaryConfidential Document

1

Harold E. MillerNPI/SE

June - July, 2002

MS9001FA Gas Turbine 燃气轮机

Technology Overview

Harold E. Miller

经理－新产品技术系统工程部

Mgr. – New Product Introduction Systems EngineeringHouston, TX


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June - July, 2002

可提供的燃机产品 GT Technology Offerings500

满足不同的市场要求Meeting the Needs of a Dynamic MarketMeeting the Needs of a Dynamic Market

MW450

400工业界的全方位产品

Wide Range of Industry Solutions

H-Technology350

300250

F-Technology200150

Cogeneration & Industrial100 E-Technology500


3


June - July, 2002

先进的燃气轮机技术Advances in Gas Turbine Technology先进的燃气轮机技术Advances in Gas Turbine Technology

FA技术 -- FA Technology第一台F技术燃机1990年运行 First F Operates at Virginia Power - 19901159台已定货 1159 Operating On Order超过500万运行小时Over 5,000,000 Operating Hours

H技术 -- H System (TM)

60% Efficiency PlatformClosed Loop Steam CoolingSingle Crystal 1st Stage Nozzles and BucketsWorld's Most Efficient, Powerful Power Gen TechnologyStart-up 2002, Baglan Energy Park, Wales

Unprecedented Technology LeadershipUnprecedented Technology Leadership


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June - July, 2002

F/FA 技术精要 Technology OverviewF/FA 技术精要 Technology Overview7FA/9FA

最有经验最可靠的高技术燃气轮机


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June - July, 2002

Fossil Fuel Technology ChoicesFossil Fuel Technology Choices

Technology Power CyclePerformance

LevelPrimary

AdvantagesPrimary

DisadvantagesSteamTurbine

RankineCycle

30% - 40% · Custom Size· Solid Fuels· Dirty Fuels

· Low Efficiency· Rel. High $/KW· Slow Load Change

Packaged PowerPlantLow $/KWMed Fast StartsFast Load Delta

Clean FuelsAmbientDependence

Gas Turbine Brayton Cycle 30% to 40% · · · ·

· · ·

Combined · · 45% - 60% Highest EfficiencyBraytonTopping /RankineBottoming

Clean FuelsAmbientDependenceMed. Start Times

· · Cycle Med. $/KWLimited Fast LoadDelta

· ·

Diesel · · Diesel Cycle 40% - 50% High Maint.Rel. HighEfficiencyPackaged PowerPlantFast StartFast Construction

· Small Size (5MW)·

· ·


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June - July, 2002

F燃机的运行启动统计图 Fleet Experience DemographicsF燃机的运行启动统计图 Fleet Experience Demographics

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

Fired Hours

Fire

d St

arts

6FA7F/FA9F/FA10 Hours/Start50 Hours/Start

周期性负荷Cycling Duty

调峰Peaking Duty

基荷Base Load

July 2001

11 Years of Operating History

Wide Range of Application Indicates RobustnessWide Range of Application Indicates Robustness


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June - July, 2002

燃机要求 GT Demand

200

150

100

1950's

50

0

燃机

定货

GT

Ord

ers

(GW

)350

300

250

CC GW

SC GW

1960's 1970's 1980's 1990's

Huge Increase in Orders Huge Increase in Orders –– Combined Cycle Combined Cycle Becomes TechnologyBecomes Technology--ofof--ChoiceChoice


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June - July, 2002

影响发电成本的因素Factors That Affect the Cost of Electricity

Fuel Composition

GT CostNox Abatement

ST, G BOP

OPERATIN

G& MAINTE

NANCE COST

S

Plant Price

Financing Cost

AvailabilityOutput Deterioration

Uncertainty - Availability

Fuel Price

Plant EfficiencyEfficiency Deterioration

Uncertainty - Efficiency

Daily Operation Costs

Uncertainty - Repair/Maintenance

Parts Replacement Cost

Parts Replacement Frequency

Outage Duration

Unplanned Outage Frequency

Planned Outage Frequency

PROJECTEDCOST OFELECTRICITY

FUEL COST

建厂成本

CA PITAL COST

7500 Hoursof Operation

per Year

9%Fuel

65%

26%

燃料成本

运行维护成本

计划的发电成本

Capital

O&M

Fuel is 65% of Cost of Power -- Plant Efficiency Drives Product Evolution


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June - July, 2002

Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle BasicsGas Turbine and Combined Cycle Basics1250 322416 8 1pressure ratio:

Tem

pera

ture

(C)

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

15

430

410

Expansion

Compression

Heat Addition(Combustion)

Exchange of Heat(to Environment or HRSG)

gas turbine

condenser

generator

generatorsteam turbines

condensatepump

heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)

Combined Cycle Combined Cycle –– GT & ST GT & ST

Gas Turbine Gas Turbine

Gas TurbineCompresses AirBurns Fuel (Many Types)Expands Gas – Mechanical WorkDrives GeneratorHot Exhaust Gas

Steam CycleTakes Hot Exhaust Gas from GTRaises, Superheats SteamExpands in Steam TurbineDrives Generator1/3 More Power, No Additional Fuel



June - July, 200272.27

Effect of Design Parameters on Efficiency and Output

56.00%

56.25%

56.50%

56.75%

57.00%

57.25%

57.50%

Specific W ork

Combined Cycle Efficiency

1260 C

1315 C

1370 C

20.5

17.5 15.0

Firing Tem p

Pressure Ratio

Line of Constant Pressure Ratio

Locus of Pressure Ratiosfor Low est Cost-of-

Electricity

Locus of Pressure Ratiosfor M axim um Com bined

Cycle Efficiency

Optimization for Combined Cycle: Pursue Firing Optimization for Combined Cycle: Pursue Firing Temperature; Moderate Pressure RatioTemperature; Moderate Pressure Ratio


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June - July, 2002

技术和产品的发展Technology and Product Development

控制温度是透平设计的关键－比如：Controlling Temperature is Key to Turbine Design -for example . . .

Temperature Increase Effect15° C 0.45% Fuel Savings

but unfortunately . . .

15° C 2:1 Life Reduction

15° C 5.6% NOx Increase

DESIGN GOAL: Provide High Efficiency without Compromising Reliability, Operating Flexibility, Environmental Impact

or Maintenance Cost

DESIGN GOAL: Provide High Efficiency without Compromising Reliability, Operating Flexibility, Environmental Impact

or Maintenance Cost


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June - July, 2002

Turbine Materials and Cooling TechnologyStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

• Film Plus Serpentine Cooling• Single-Crystal Rene N5 or

GTX111 Alloy• Thermal Barrier and Oxidation

Resistant Coatings

• STEM Drilled Radial Cooling Holes

• Directionally-Solidified GTD111 or GTD444 Alloy

• Oxidation Resistant Coating

• Cycle Pressure Ratio Selection Avoids Cooling

• Directionally Solidified GTD111 or GTD444

• Chromide Coating

Turbine Technology Turbine Technology –– High Gas Temperature, With Long LifeHigh Gas Temperature, With Long Life


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June - July, 2002

Compressor Aero Combustion Turbine Aero

Analysis Tools Materials

“Ｆ”技术－结合飞机发动机技术“F” Technology Incorporates Aircraft Technology


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June - July, 2002

叶片的进化 Evolution of Bucket Design

Original 9FFirst Stage

Bucket

CorrosionResistantCoating

Tip Cooling Holes

Current 9FAFirst Stage

BucketLe

adin

g Ed

ge F

ilm C

oolin

g H

oles

ThermalBarrier &CorrosionCoating New Technology

Next Step?

• Similar CoolingTechnology – more film

• Upgrade to SingleCrystal Material

• Improved TBC

• 3D Aero

Evolutionary Change within the same Proven Design PracticeEvolutionary Change within the same Proven Design Practice


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June - July, 2002PG9311FA 到 PG9351FA 的进化PG9311FA to PG9351FA Evolution

9351FA Incorporates Features to Improve Performance, Reliability, & Availability

9351FA Incorporates Features to Improve Performance, Reliability, & Availability

Stage 1 Nozzle, Bucket, Shroud• Thermal Barrier Coating• Reduced Cooling Air

Double Walled Cone• Improved Sealing• Reduced Flow

Tapered StrutsRobust CompressorRotor

Honeycomb HPPS• Tie Bolt & Marriage Flange Cooling• 4-Segment Inner Barrel (roundness)

3300 Series Bentley Probes#1 & #2 Bearings

False Flanges (Roundness)• Compressor Case• Compr Discharge Case• Turbine Shell

Hot Gas PathImproved SealingStage 2 Bucket

• Scalloped Shroud• Mod Cooling

Hole Pattern

Monitoring/Diagnostics• Added Combustor Tuning Kit

<25 PPM DLN 2.0+ Combustor• 430mm Hast-X Liner• Class C TBC (8-12K CI)• Flexible Seals

Since PG9311FA, New Features have been Incorporated in PG9351FA


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June - July, 2002效率对减少排放污染的影响Efficiency Contributes to Emissions Reduction

Technology Advances & Reduced Emissions

(Basis: Same Exhaust Concentrations - 25 ppmvd NOx; 9 ppmvd CO)

00.10.20.30.40.5

NOx CO

Emis

sion

s (k

g/M

Wh)

240250260270280290

CO2

Emis

sion

s (k

g/M

Wh)

E 1100C

FA 1300C

Firing Temp. Class

“F” Technology Enhances Environmental Performance


17


June - July, 2002干式低NOx (DLN)是如何工作的How Dry Low NOx (DLN) Works

Fuel-Rich and Fuel-Lean Operation Result in Lower Flame Temperature and Lower NOx Formation Rates.

Fuel-Lean Operation Results in Lower Smoke.

DLN Combustion Relies on Lean Operation

Flam

e Tem

pera

ture

(K)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Rate

of T

herm

al NO

x Pro

duct

ion

d NO

/ dt(

PPMV

/MS)

Temperature

NOx

CO

NO. 2 Oil, 10 AtmAir Preheat 590 K

richlean

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

00.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75

Equivalence Ratio



June - July, 2002

Low NOx Combustion

Allowable burning rangefor lean-premixed com-bustor to stay withinflammable region and meet NOx goal

Rich flammability limit

Stochiometricfuel/air ratioNOx design goal

NO

x le

vel (

log

sca

le)

Air / Fuel RatioLean flammability limit

Range added withcatalytic combustion

Low NOx CombustionManagement of Reaction-Zone Fuel-Air Mixture -

NOx Control – Limited Combustion Operation Envelope72.10


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June - July, 2002DLN燃烧室DLN Combustors

flame

cross-section

pre-mixing zone - no flamewhen operating properly

fuel enters fuel nozzles

to transitionpiece

end view

pre-mixed combinationof fuel and air burn fuel first enters air stream,

begins mixing

To Produce Stable Combustion at Low Fuel-Air Ratios, Fuel and Air are Mixed Together Upstream of the Flame Zone

Velocity in Pre-Mixing Chambers must be Uniformly High So Stable Combustion is Possible ONLY in Flame Zone


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June - July, 2002

电厂概况 Power Plant OverviewShowcase Plants

Gennevilliers Power Plant First Unit Installed 1991

AES Medway, U.K. First Combined Cycle GE High Power Density Steam Turbine

Delesto 2, The Netherlands’ Largest Cogen Plant Relies on Stag 109FA


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June - July, 2002

ＧＥ燃气轮机的“第一”GE Gas Turbine "Firsts"ＧＥ燃气轮机的“第一”GE Gas Turbine "Firsts"

1949 – Gas Turbine Power Generation Application,Oklahoma Gas & Electric1961 – Package Power Plant,South Carolina Electric & Gas1974 – Large Combined Cycle Plant,Salt River Project1984 – Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Plant,Cool Water Project1988 – Introduction of Advanced F TechnologyGas Turbines1991 – LM6000 Aeroderivative Breaks 40% EfficiencyBarrier in Simple Cycle1995 – Introduction of H Technology Gas TurbinesWith 60% Efficiency Platform

Unmatched Leader in Gas Turbine Technology for Half a CenturyUnmatched Leader in Gas Turbine Technology for Half a Century



June - July, 2002

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

No Slide Title - The U.S.-China Oil & Gas Industry Forum Turbine and Combined Cycle BasicsGas...

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