Những hoạt động dạy trẻ tự kỷ

download Những hoạt động dạy trẻ tự kỷ

If you can't read please download the document

description

Những hoạt động giúp trẻ tự kỷ năng động hơn.

Transcript of Những hoạt động dạy trẻ tự kỷ

  • 1.NHNG HOT NG DY TR T KDch t ting Php, c c Trn Th Khn Nguyn Th Khc chuyn th v BS. Phm Ngc Khanh hiu nh.ric Schopler Margaret Lansing Leslie Waters

2. I-BT CHC .................................................................................................... 81 - G BNG CCH BT CHC ........................................................................................................................................................................8 2 - BC U BT CHC M THANH ...........................................................................................................................................................9 3 - NI TRC NHNG M BNG CCH BT CHC ..................................................................................................................................9 4 - BT CHC HOT NG GY TING N ..................................................................................................................................................9 5 - S NHNG PHN TRN THN TH BNG CCH BT CHC ............................................................................................................10 6 - V TAY BNG CCH BT CHC .............................................................................................................................................................10 7 - C NG CNH TAY BNG CCH BT CHC .....................................................................................................................................11 8 - BT CHC CCH S DNG NHNG VT GY TING NG .....................................................................................................11 9 - NHNG BI TP V MI BNG CCH BT CHC ..............................................................................................................................12 10 - V NGUCH NGOC BNG CCH BT CHC ....................................................................................................................................12 11- BT CHC NHNG C CH THNG NGY V T LP ...................................................................................................................13 12 - CM NM VT TRONG TI BNG CCH BT CHC .................................................................................................................13 13 - BT CHC TING NG VT ..........................................................................................................................................................14 14 - V NHNG NG NGANG BNG CCH BT CHC .......................................................................................................................14 15 - BT CHC NHNG C NG CA BN TAY .....................................................................................................................................15 16 - BT CHC DNG T ST......................................................................................................................................................................16 17 - S HAI PHN CA THN TH BNG CCH BT CHC ...................................................................................................................16 18 - BI TP HM BNG CCH BT CHC.................................................................................................................................................17 19 - BT CHC S DNG DNG C..............................................................................................................................................................17 20 - TR CHI BP B BNG CCH BT CHC .........................................................................................................................................18 21 - BT CHC TING NG CC TH VT ...............................................................................................................................................18 22 - TR CHI BN TAY C TNH M NHC .................................................................................................................................................19 23 - BT CHC MC CAO VIC NN T ST ....................................................................................................................................19 24 - BT CHC C NG CA TH VT.....................................................................................................................................................20 25 - TR CHI NN TNG ...............................................................................................................................................................................20 26 - BT CHC HOT NG BNG HAI PHN ...........................................................................................................................................21 27 - BT CHC NHNG THAY I VN TC V KHI LNG M THANH .......................................................................................21II -CM NHN .................................................................................................... 2228 - T 1 CHI C KHM PH .....................................................................................................................................................22 29 - THEO DI BNG MT .................................................................................................................................................................................23 30 - TM KIM MT VT RI .............................................................................................................................................................................23 31 - TM PHN THNG DI CI TCH.......................................................................................................................................................24 32 - PHN NG VI TING NG QUEN THUC ..........................................................................................................................................24 33 - PHI HP THNH GIC ................................................................................................................................................................................25 34 - TM KIM NHNG VT DNG C A THCH...................................................................................................................................25 35 - TR CHI P M ..........................................................................................................................................................................................26 36 - SAO CHP CCH SP XP HNH KHI .....................................................................................................................................................26 37 - PHN BIT NHNG HNH V .....................................................................................................................................................................27 38 - PHN BIT NHNG NGUN TING NG..............................................................................................................................................28 39 - HP C L .....................................................................................................................................................................................................28 40 - SAO CHP VIC XY DNG HNH KHI .................................................................................................................................................291 3. 41 - LA CHN CC HNH DNG .....................................................................................................................................................................30 42 - PHN BIT KCH C V HNH DNG ......................................................................................................................................................30 43 - GHP HNH I ...............................................................................................................................................................................................31 44 - GHP HNH II ..............................................................................................................................................................................................31 45 - PHN BIT MU SC ..................................................................................................................................................................................32 46 - KT HP MU SC ......................................................................................................................................................................................32 47 - CM NHN MT LOT M THANH .........................................................................................................................................................33 48 - TR CHI MI N ....................................................................................................................................................................................33 49 - SAO CHP MT LOT HNH DNG C V .................................................................................................................................34 50 - C KHI NHN THY ...................................................................................................................................................................................35III -VN NG TNG QUT ........................................................................ 3651 - V TAY ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................36 52 - T NGI KHNG TR GIP .......................................................................................................................................................................36 53 - A TAY NM BT MT VT .....................................................................................................................................................37 54 - CHP BNG ...................................................................................................................................................................................................37 55 - BC LN V BC QUA CHNG NGI VT N GIN................................................................................................................38 56 - CHNG NG C CHNG NGI VT N GIN ............................................................................................................................38 57 - LM CHI TRN SN NH ...............................................................................................................................................................39 58 - KHI LN .......................................................................................................................................................................................................39 59 - LN BC THANG ..........................................................................................................................................................................................40 60 - LN BNG I ................................................................................................................................................................................................40 61 - LN BNG II ...............................................................................................................................................................................................41 62 - I KHNG TR GIP ...................................................................................................................................................................................41 63 - I MT BN V LI LI .............................................................................................................................................................................42 64 - S NGN CHN ............................................................................................................................................................................................42 65 - M T V NGN KO .................................................................................................................................................................................42 66 - NG MT CHN ........................................................................................................................................................................................43 67 - BNG ........................................................................................................................................................................................................43 68 - NG TRN U NGN CHN .................................................................................................................................................................44 69 NHY..............................................................................................................................................................................................................44 70 - TR CHI KY.................................................................................................................................................................................................45 71 - NM TI VI .................................................................................................................................................................................................45 72 - LEO LN THANG BNG CCH I CHN ...............................................................................................................................................46 73 - CHNG NG VI CHNG NGI VT KH KHN TRUNG BNH ................................................................................................46 74 - NHY CH .....................................................................................................................................................................................................47 75 - NHY NHT ..................................................................................................................................................................................................47 76 - BI TP THNG BNG................................................................................................................................................................................48 77 - T LN ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................48 78 - I TRN DI RUYBNG ..............................................................................................................................................................................48 79 - NM BNG XUYN QUA V XE ................................................................................................................................................................49 80 - TNG BNG...................................................................................................................................................................................................49 81 - NHO LN V PHA TRC ......................................................................................................................................................................50 82 - I NH CON VOI...........................................................................................................................................................................................50 83 - I VI C KHOAI TY ................................................................................................................................................................................51 84 - THNG BNG TRN X G .......................................................................................................................................................................512 4. 85 - CHNG NG VI CHNG NGI VT KH .....................................................................................................................................52 86 - NH VI GY BNG CHY .....................................................................................................................................................................52 87 - I NH XE CT KT .....................................................................................................................................................................................53 88 - KO MT VT NNG ..................................................................................................................................................................................53 89 - KO DY ........................................................................................................................................................................................................53 90 - CON RI L XO .............................................................................................................................................................................................54 91 - NHY DY .....................................................................................................................................................................................................54 92 - NHY C C .................................................................................................................................................................................................55 93 - THNG BNG TRN X G MC KH HN....................................................................................................................................55IV - VN NG TINH ......................................................................................... 56 94 - CM CI MUNG .........................................................................................................................................................................................56 95 - THM D CI HP .......................................................................................................................................................................................57 96 - NM BT VT ........................................................................................................................................................................................57 97 - PHT TRIN VIC NM BT BNG HAI NGN TAY ............................................................................................................................58 98 - XC NG BNG MUNG ......................................................................................................................................................................58 99 - LM NG TIN XU .................................................................................................................................................................................59 100 - M NP VT CHA ...................................................................................................................................................................................59 101 - TR CHI CHO V LY ............................................................................................................................................................................60 102 - Y NT CHI .....................................................................................................................................................................................60 103 - CI TT ........................................................................................................................................................................................................61 104 - XP GIY .....................................................................................................................................................................................................61 105 - BT U T MU ......................................................................................................................................................................................62 106 - BONG BNG X PHNG ...........................................................................................................................................................................62 107 - M NP L ..................................................................................................................................................................................................63 108 - BI TP NGN TAY ...................................................................................................................................................................................63 109 - KO DY ......................................................................................................................................................................................................64 110 - BI TP BN TAY ......................................................................................................................................................................................64 111 - KP PHI ...............................................................................................................................................................................................65 112 - V BNG NGN TAY .................................................................................................................................................................................65 113 - CHI BNG GIY XP ........................................................................................................................................................................66 114 - CT BNG KO ...........................................................................................................................................................................................66 115 - AI C V B LOONG ..............................................................................................................................................................................67 116 - BNG TUYT ...............................................................................................................................................................................................68 117 - PHI QUN O............................................................................................................................................................................................68 118 - INH N .......................................................................................................................................................................................................69 119 - AN DI MM ............................................................................................................................................................................69V-PHI HP MT-BN TAY ......................................................................... 70120 - CHUN B XP THNH CHNG ...............................................................................................................................................................70 121 CNG VIC CHUN B GHP HNH I...................................................................................................................................................71 122 CNG VIC CHUN B GHP HNH II .................................................................................................................................................71 123 - CC NH VNG....................................................................................................................................................................................72 124 - XP CHNG HNH KHI ............................................................................................................................................................................72 125 - HNH KHI TRONG L ..............................................................................................................................................................................733 5. 126 - MING VN C L .....................................................................................................................................................................................73 127 - HP NG BT CH...................................................................................................................................................................................74 128 - T MU ........................................................................................................................................................................................................75 129 - XU HT I .................................................................................................................................................................................................75 130 - XU HT II................................................................................................................................................................................................76 131 - XU HT III ..............................................................................................................................................................................................76 132 - KP PHI ...............................................................................................................................................................................................77 133 - CHUN B V: V BNG NGN TAY ......................................................................................................................................................77 134 - CHI XY DNG .................................................................................................................................................................................78 135 - NN T ST I .........................................................................................................................................................................................78 136 - NN T ST II........................................................................................................................................................................................79 137 - PHN TRONG TON TH ..........................................................................................................................................................................79 138 KP................................................................................................................................................................................................................80 139 - V NG NGANG ....................................................................................................................................................................................81 140 - V HNH TRN ............................................................................................................................................................................................82 141 - CT BNG KO ...........................................................................................................................................................................................82 142 - CT HNH NH............................................................................................................................................................................................83 143 - MING VN C B LOONG I.................................................................................................................................................................83 144 - MING VN C B LOONG II ...............................................................................................................................................................84 145 - GIY CNG BUC DY ......................................................................................................................................................................84 146 - VIT CH HOA ............................................................................................................................................................................................85 147 - HNH V: V HNH TRN V HNH VUNG .........................................................................................................................................86 148 HNH V: CH THP V NG CHO................................................................................................................................................86 149 - HNH V: KHUNG THNG ......................................................................................................................................................................87 150 - HNH V: CHUYN I HNH TH THNH HNH NH .......................................................................................................................87 151 - VIT TN BNG CH IN ...........................................................................................................................................................................88 152 - HNH V: B SUNG NHNG HNH NH N GIN.............................................................................................................................89 153 - HNH V: HNH TH V HNH V ...........................................................................................................................................................89 154 - INH N II.................................................................................................................................................................................................89 155 - VIT S .........................................................................................................................................................................................................90 156 - M CUNG......................................................................................................................................................................................................91 157 - V NGI.....................................................................................................................................................................................................91 158 - V TNG LOI ............................................................................................................................................................................................92VI - K NNG NHN THC .............................................................................. 92 159 - NHN BIT TN CA TR ........................................................................................................................................................................93 160 - CH NHNG VT C YU THCH................................................................................................................................................93 161 - N SAU LNH BNG LI ........................................................................................................................................................................94 162 - T NGI SAU YU CU BNG LI.........................................................................................................................................................94 163 - TR CHI NGNG V I TIP .................................................................................................................................................................95 164 - NHN BIT HNH NH CA TR TRONG GNG ...............................................................................................................................95 165 - KT HP NHNG VT THNG DNG I .....................................................................................................................................96 166 - KT HP NHNG VT THNG DNG II....................................................................................................................................96 167 - KT HP HNH NH V VT.............................................................................................................................................................97 168 - LA CHN N GIN ...............................................................................................................................................................................97 169 - NH V D DNG VT ......................................................................................................................................................................984 6. 170 - HC TN CA NHNG THNH VIN TRONG GIA NH ....................................................................................................................99 171 - CU C NG T V DANH T .............................................................................................................................................................99 172 - KT HP HNH NH ................................................................................................................................................................................. 100 173 - PHN BIT THC N V NC UNG ............................................................................................................................................... 100 174 - HIU NHNG CU GM HAI PHN ...................................................................................................................................................... 101 175 - S HIU BIT D CM NHN NHNG CHC NNG ........................................................................................................................ 101 176 - KT HP NHNG HNH DNG ............................................................................................................................................................... 102 177 - NHN DNG D CM NHN NHNG TH VT ................................................................................................................................ 103 178 - KT HP CC KHI ................................................................................................................................................................................. 103 179 - GHP CP NHNG VT .................................................................................................................................................................... 104 180 - SP XP NHNG HNH NH CNG LOI ............................................................................................................................................ 104 181 - CHN LA THEO CHC NNG ............................................................................................................................................................. 105 182 - NHN DNG D DNG NHNG MU SC ......................................................................................................................................... 105 183 - TM RA NHNG VT C GIU......................................................................................................................................................... 106 184 - CI G KHNG NG CH CA N? ................................................................................................................................................... 106 185 - SP XP HNH NH THEO TH T THI GIAN I ............................................................................................................................ 107 186 - GHP NHNG PHN THN TH ............................................................................................................................................................ 108 187 - TRI NGHA CA TNH T ..................................................................................................................................................................... 109 188 - SP XP HNH NH THEO TH T THI GIAN II ........................................................................................................................... 109 189 - HIU CU HI ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 110 190 - GII T ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 110VII -KH NNG BNG LI .......................................................................... 111191 - BC U LUYN M ........................................................................................................................................................................... 112 192 - M THANH CA PH M ....................................................................................................................................................................... 112 193 - PHI HP M THANH .............................................................................................................................................................................. 113 194 - CU CM N GIN ............................................................................................................................................................................... 113 195 - NHNG T U TIN ............................................................................................................................................................................. 114 196 - CHO V TM BIT ................................................................................................................................................................................ 114 197 - NI TN CA TR .................................................................................................................................................................................... 115 198 - TING NG NGAI CNH .................................................................................................................................................................... 115 199 - NG T .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 116 200 - K TN NHNG THNH VIN TRONG GIA NH .............................................................................................................................. 116 201 HT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 117 202 - THM NA ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 117 203 - NGH CH MT T .............................................................................................................................................................................. 118 204 - CON MUN G ?......................................................................................................................................................................................... 118 205 - S HU ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 119 206 - TR CHI C KHNG ........................................................................................................................................................................... 119 207 - K TN CC CON VT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 120 208 - K TN NHNG VT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 120 209 - HIU CU ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 121 210 - KCH C...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 122 211 - NAM V N ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 122 212 - PHA TRN V PHA DI ..................................................................................................................................................................... 123 213 - TR LI NHNG CU HI HOCHOC ....................................................................................................................................... 1245 7. 214 - I THAI C C CU HA ............................................................................................................................................................ 124 215 - DIN T MT TIN NGN BNG LI .................................................................................................................................................. 125 216 - S NHIU ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 125 217 - NU TN NHNG HNH DNG............................................................................................................................................................... 126 218 - DIN T LI CH CA VT ........................................................................................................................................................... 126 219 - KHI NIM THI GIAN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 127 220 M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 127 221 - NU MU SC ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 128 222 - K MT CU CHUYN I ....................................................................................................................................................................... 128 223 - K MT CU CHUYN II...................................................................................................................................................................... 129 224 - KHI NIM THI GIAN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 129 225 - NGY TRONG TUN ................................................................................................................................................................................ 130VIII - T LP ...................................................................................................... 131 226 N NHNG THC N C HNH DNG NGN TAY........................................................................................................................... 131 227 - UNG BNG TCH................................................................................................................................................................................... 132 228 - N BNG MUNG .................................................................................................................................................................................... 132 229 - CM MUNG NG CCH ..................................................................................................................................................................... 133 230 - UNG BNG TCH................................................................................................................................................................................... 134 231 - T CI QUN O: TT ............................................................................................................................................................................ 134 232 - N BNG NA ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 135 233 - PHN BIT NHNG G N C VI NHNG G KHNG N C. .......................................................................................... 136 234 - T MC QUN O: O LEN DI TAY CAO C .................................................................................................................................. 136 235 - T MC QUN O: QUN DI .............................................................................................................................................................. 137 236 - HC GI V SINH ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 137 237 - T LAU RA.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 138 238 - CI NT O I .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 138 239 - CI NT O II......................................................................................................................................................................................... 139 240 - RT NC ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 139 241 - T NH RNG ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 140 242 - T MC QUN O NHANH .................................................................................................................................................................... 141 243 - CHUN B BA N QUA LOA ................................................................................................................................................................ 141 244 - TM MT CCH C LP ...................................................................................................................................................................... 142IX - X HI HA ................................................................................................ 142 245 - A VUI ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 143 246 - C LT ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 143 247 - TR CHI CC CU .................................................................................................................................................................................... 143 248 - TR CHI CI NGA G ..................................................................................................................................................................... 144 249 - NNG NU .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 144 250 - TR CHI TNG TC VI XE TI ...................................................................................................................................................... 145 251 - GIP NGI KHC ............................................................................................................................................................................ 145 252 - CHI TRN TM ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 146 253 - CHI BP B ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 146 254 - CHI HNH KHI BNG S HP TC................................................................................................................................................... 1476 8. 255 - TNG TC VI CON RI ...................................................................................................................................................................... 147 256 - TR CHI GI V U TIN ................................................................................................................................................................. 148 257 - LAU BN .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 148 258 - TR CHI CHO V NHN ....................................................................................................................................................................... 149 259 - DN BN: CHN, BT, MUNG, NA. ................................................................................................................................................... 149 260 - CNG VIC NH ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 150 261 - TR CHI GI V, MC TRUNG BNH .......................................................................................................................................... 151 262 - TR CHI TI CN G ? ....................................................................................................................................................................... 151 263 - V MT CCH C LP ......................................................................................................................................................................... 151 264 - V MT CCH C LP SAU NHNG LNH C VIT ............................................................................................................... 152 265 - TI CHI VI CHI CA TI ....................................................................................................................................................... 153 266 - TR LI IN THOI ............................................................................................................................................................................... 153 267 - THC HIN MT CCH C LP NHNG LNH VIT .................................................................................................................... 154X-HNH VI ....................................................................................................... 154B-1 - T HY HOI ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 155 B-2 -T HY HOI ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 156 B - 3 HUNG BO .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 156 B - 4 HUNG BO .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 157 B - 5 HNH VI PH HY ................................................................................................................................................................................ 158 B - 6 HNH VI PH HY ................................................................................................................................................................................ 159 B - 7 HNH VI PH HY ................................................................................................................................................................................ 160 B - 8 LP LI .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 160 B - 9 LP LI .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 161 B - 10 THIU NNG ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 162 B - 11 THIU NNG ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 163 B - 12 THIU NNG ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 164 B - 13 THIU NNG ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 164 B 14 T HY HOI.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 165 B 15 T HY HOI.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 165 B 16 HUNG BO ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 166 B 17 HUNG BO ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 166 B 18 HNH VI PH HY................................................................................................................................................................................. 166 B 19 HNH VI PH HY................................................................................................................................................................................. 167 B 20 HNH VI PH HY................................................................................................................................................................................. 167 B 21 HNH VI PH HY................................................................................................................................................................................. 167 B 22 HNH VI PH HY................................................................................................................................................................................. 168 B 23 LP LI .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 168 B 24 LP LI .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 169 B 25 LP LI .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 169 B 26 LP LI .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 170 B 27 THIU NNG ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 170 B 28 THIU NNG ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 171 B 29 THIU NNG ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 1717 9. I - BT CHC Bt chc l nn tng ca gio dc v pht trin. Khng c bt chc, tr khng th hc ni v nhng hnh vi cn thit cho kin thc ca tr. Nh vy, pht trin kh nng bt chc l mt yu t c bn cho s tng trng ca mi tr em. Tr t k thng gp kh khn khi bt chc. Trong trng hp chng ta cn phi dy cho tr kh nng bt chc hn l bng lng ch i s pht trin kh nng ny mt cch chm tr hoc k d. Kh nng bt chc c bn gm s lp li n gin v trc tip nh luyn m v v tay, v thng c c ngay khi bt u cuc sng. Sau tr c th bt chc nhng hnh vi c th phc tp hn. Chng ny bao gm cc bi tp nhm to cho tr kh nng bt trc thng l t hi cn rt b; n em n mt li ch c bit cho kh nng cn thit i vi vic hc ni ca tr. Ngn ng ca tr khng pht trin hoc pht trin chm thng l do kh nng bt chc ca tr km. V ting ni bao gm nhiu ng tc ca mi v li nn trc ht chng ta s cn phi dy tr kh nng vn ng chung v vn ng tinh t, theo cch l dy cho tr cc thao tc c bn ca vic bt chc. Vic bt chc bao gm nhiu yu t, trong s c s hng th, tr nh, hot ng gic quan v s kim sot mt lot c vn ng cng nh s phi hp ming v bn tay. Bt chc c th l ngay lp tc nh khi tr sao chp mt t c ni vi tr. Bt chc c th n sau, nh khi ta bt chc mt hnh vi m ta nh qua kinh nghim. Tr t k thng gp kh khn khi chn lc mt hnh vi m tr nh li, tr ch bt chc trong tnh hung c xc nh.1 - G BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 0 -1 tui VN NG TINH, NM BT, 0 -1 TUI CM NHN TH GIC, 0 -1 TUIMc ch: Hc bt chc Mc tiu: Bt chc g mt chic tha Dng c: Hai chic tha, mt ci l Tin trnh: - Cho tr ngi vo bn v nm bt s ch ca tr bng cch ong a ci tha trc mt tr. - G tha trn bn theo mt nhp, tay kia, bn tha trong bn tay ca tr. - Bt u bo tr g tha trn bn theo nhp ca bn tay kia ca bn. - Gim dn s gip xem tr c tip tc g khng tr gip hay khng. - Khi tr g c mt mnh trn bn, bt u cho g trn l. - Nhn xem tr c thay i vi bn. - Nu tr khng lm, hng tay tr v ci l, v tip tc c ng ca chnh bn. - Sau mt pht, bt u li g trn bn v lp li tin trnh (bn/l) ko tr thay i vi bn. - Tip tc bi tp cho ti khi tr c th bt chc vic chuyn t bn qua l, v t l qua bn khng tr gip.8 10. 2 - BC U BT CHC M THANH Bt chc m thanh, 0 -1 tui K NNG BNG LI, LUYN M, 0 -1 TUIMc ch: Pht trin vic bt chc m thanh Mc tiu: Bt chc mt lot m n Dng c: Khng c Tin trnh: - Mi ln tr t pht mt m, bt chc tc khc m c pht ra v xem tr c phn ng pht tr li m khng. - Th lp li lun phin nhng m nh trong cuc i thoi. - Nu tr bt chc m c bn pht ra, lp li m nhiu ln xem tr c tip tc bt chc khng. - Khi tr bt u thch th cch bt chc m, bo tr bt chc mt m bt u v sau chuyn sang m khc xem tr c lm theo khng.3 - NI TRC NHNG M BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc m thanh, 0 -1 tui K NNG BNG LI, LUYN M, 0 -1 TUI X HI HA, TNG TC C NHN, 0 -1 TUIMc ch: ng vin vic bt chc m thanh Mc tiu: Cho phng chng mt m phi hp vi thi quen th cht Dng c: Khng c. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo gh vi tr. - Va nng tr trn gi bn 4 ln va ni Bm bm bm bm. - Sau u a tr v pha sn nh v va ko tr li va ni bp. - Lp li ng tc nhiu ln. - Ngng u a, v xem tr c pht m ging nh ting bp, kch thch bn u a tr trn sn nh. - Lm cho tr hiu l tr cng phi pht m nh vy, bng cch s vo mi ca tr. 4 - BT CHC HOT NG GY TING N Bt chc m thanh, 0 -1 tui BT CHC, VN NG, 0 - 1 TUI K NNG BNG LI, LUYN M, 0 -1 TUIMc ch: ng vin vic bt chc nhng m v tng s ch th gic vo hot ng ca ngi khc. Mc tiu: Ghi nhng m n c pht ra bi nhng c ch n gin Dng c: Khng c 9 11. Tin trnh: - Chn mt trong nhng hnh ng theo danh sch sau. - Ch hnh ng, v gip tr bt chc bn bng cch hng dn tay tr. - Tr cng hc pht m th ta cng gim dn s tr gip. - Lp li hnh ng u tin v m u tin nhiu ln trc khi chuyn sang m th hai. V d: ngn tay ln mi v ni sut Ly tay v nh ming ca bn v ni oa,oa To ra mt ting ku mi bn nh mt n hn. Lm mt ting ng kh bng cch bng ngn tay trn m bn.5 - S NHNG PHN TRN THN TH BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 1- 2 tui CM NHN TH GIC, 0 -1 TUI PHI HP MT- BN TAY, LM CH, 0 -1 TUIMc ch: Hc quan st mt ngi v bt chc c ch ca ngi y. Mc tiu: S ba phn ca thn th bng cch bt chc Dng c: Khng c. Tin trnh: - Ngi vo bn i din vi tr, to s ch ca tr. - Khi tr nhn, ni vi tr Con s mi ca con v bn s mi ca bn bng ngn tr. - Nu tr khng phn ng, bn tay kia ca bn cm ngn tr ca tr v cho tr s mi ca tr, cng lc lp li con s mi ca con v bn tip tc s chnh mi ca bn. - Khen v ng vin/lp li tin trnh cho ti khi tr c th phn ng khng tr gip. - Khi tr c kh nng s mi ca tr t nht 9/10 ln theo sau c ch ca bn v lnh bng li, hy thm nhng phn khc ca thn th, tng ci mt theo th t: tc, ming, mt, tai. - Sau khi dy phn th hai ca thn th, hy i cho tr tr li ng 9/10 ln cho hai phn, trc khi thm phn th ba.6 - V TAY BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 1- 2 tui Mc ch: Pht trin s bt chc c ch ngi dy Mc tiu: V tay bng cch bt chc ngi dy. Dng c: Khng c Tin trnh: - Ngi vo bn i din vi tr, to s ch ca tr. - Ni con hy nhn v bn v tay chm chm - Ri bn cm hai tay tr, v tay cho tr v thng cho tr lin - V tay li v lp li nhng g lm trc (kim tra xem tr c nhn bn khi bn v tay khng) - V tay li v mi tr lm ging nh th: nu tr c khuynh hng bt chc, hy gip tr hon thnh c ch v thng cho tr.10 12. - Nu tr khng hiu, bn tip tc hng dn bn tay tr. - Bn hy th bt dn s tr gip cho ti khi tr hiu v tr phi v tay t c phn thng khc.7 - C NG CNH TAY BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 1- 2 tui K NNG NHN THC, NGN NG TH CM, 2 - 3 TUI VN NG TNG QUT, CNH TAY, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: Ci tin vic bt chc vn ng, thc thn th v hiu trn ngoi v di. Mc tiu: Bt chc nhng hot ng n gin ca cnh tay khng tr gip. Dng c: Khng c. Tin trnh: - Va ng i din vi tr, va nhn tr v ni: Con hy nhn - Bn t cnh tay trn u v ni a tay ln. - Nu tr khng phn ng, bn t cnh tay ca tr trn u, bn gi chng trong vng mt pht v lp li a tay ln. - Bn t cnh tay trn u bn trong khi tr cng lm nh vy. Bn lp li a tay ln. - Bn va th cnh tay ca bn xung, dc theo thn va ni b tay xung. - Sau dang hai cnh tay ca bn hai bn thn v ni dang tay ra. - Khi tr bt chc bn khng tr gip, thnh thong di chuyn cnh tay ca bn m khng ra lnh bng li, hoc cho lnh bng li m khng lm c ch.8 - BT CHC CCH S DNG NHNG VT GY TING NG Bt chc, vn ng, 1 - 2 tui VN NG TINH, THAO TC, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: Ci thin s ch trong vic s dng cc vt dng. Mc tiu: Bt chc cch s dng 3 vt dng gy ting ng mt cch ph hp.Hinh 1.1 Bt chc vt to m thanh: chung, ci, chi bp11 13. Dng c: 2 chi bp ra ting ku, 2 ci chung nh, 2 ci ci, 1 hp c va. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo bn i din tr cch xa vi vt gy ting ng. - Cm nhm vt gy ting ng u tin, t mt ci trc mt tr v mt ci trc mt bn. - Bn ni Con hy nhn (kim tra xem tr c nhn bn khng) v lm c ch thch hp vi vt (v d: bp vt/thi ci) - Tip tc s dng vt gy ting ng v tay kia gip tr lm ging nh vy. - Lp li c ng vi vt ca bn v ni by gi n lt con - Nu tr th bt chc, hy thng cho tr lin v t 2 vt vo hp lm xong. - Lp li nh vy vi nhng vt khc (ch n vic tr s dng vt mt cch thch hp, nu khng, phi sa tr)9 - NHNG BI TP V MI BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 1 - 2 tui Mc ch: Pht trin kh nng vn ng ming cn thit cho s pht trin ngn ng. Mc tiu: Thc hnh mt lot c ng mi bng cch bt chc ngi dy. Dng c: Gng (khng bt buc). Tin trnh: - Bn ngi i din vi tr v m bo tr nhn bn. Lm nhng c ng sau v bo tr bt chc. a) Bm mi v sau m ra. b) Chu mi c) Chu mi v sau tot ming ci d) C xt mi di vo mi trn. e) C xt mi trn vo mi di. - Khi tr bt chc tt, thng tr nc ung c a thch vi ng ht ng vin cch s dng mi tt hn. Nu tr c kh khn nhn bn i din, bn ngi cnh tr tr c th thy mt ca bn v mt ca tr trong gng.10 - V NGUCH NGOC BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 1- 2 tui PHI HP MT- BN TAY, HNH V, 1 -2 TUI VN NG TINH, THAO TC, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: Ci thin vic bt chc cch s dng nhng vt dng v pht trin kh nng c bn hnh v bng bt ch bt mu. Mc tiu: V nguch ngoc trong vng 2-3 giy trn mt t giy ln. Dng c: Vit ch bt mu ln, giy. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo bn i din vi tr, t 1 cy vit ch bt mu trc mt tr v bn gi li cho bn mt cy. - t mt t giy ln bn, gia bn v tr, sao cho c 2 cng d vi ti t giy.12 14. - Bn dng vit ch ca bn, v nguch ngoc trn t giy 2-3 giy, sau t vo tay tr cy vit ch v gip tr v nguch ngoc vi giy. - Thng tr v t mt t giy mi ln bn. - Lp li tin trnh bng cch ln ny th bo tr v nguch ngoc khng c s tr gip ca bn. - Nu tr khng bt u bt chc, bn li cm tay tr tr bt u. - Khi tr bt u bt chc, bn a dng ha nt v ca bn: hnh trn, nhng chm, ng ngang. Sau khi bn v, tr phi bt chc nhng nt v khc nhau ca bn.11- BT CHC NHNG C CH THNG NGY V T LP Bt chc, vn ng, 1 - 2 tui T LP, T RA, 2 - 3 TUIMc ch: Ci thin k nng bt chc vn ng v bt u dy k nng thng ngy t lp. Mc tiu: Bt chc thnh cng 3 c ch thng ngy t lp. Dng c: Lc, gng tm, bn chi nh rng. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo bn i din vi tr; lc, gng tm, bn chi nh rng c t cnh bn tr c th thy c bao nhiu ng tc tr phi thc hin. - Cm lc bn ni chi u v bn a nh lc vo tc ca bn. - t lc vo tay tr v gip tr a nh lc vo tc ca tr sau t lc trc mt tr v bn lm ng tc chi tc v ni con chi u. Nu tr ly lc v th bt chc, bn thng tr lin. Nu tr khng bt chc, bn li gip tr v hng dn tr lm ng tc mt cch c lp. - Lp li tin trnh ny cho ti khi tr bt chc bn khng tr gip. - Lp li cng tin trnh nh vy vi gng tm (bng cch ni con lau mt i) v vi bn chi nh rng (bng cch ni con nh rng i). Bn ng bn tm n vic xem tr c lm c hnh ng t lp; mc ch chnh ca bi tp l gip tr sao chp li c ch. V d, bn ng bn tm n vic s dng kem nh rng trn bn chi hay vic nh rng tht, bn ch quan tm n ng tc nh rng.12 - CM NM VT TRONG TI BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 1- 2 tui Mc ch: Ci thin s ch trong vic ngi dy s dng cc vt dng. Mc tiu: Bt chc chnh xc cch s dng 5 vt m tr bit. Dng c: Chn hoc ti, 5 vt nh hoc chi thng thng (v d ming xp, bng, xe, tch, bn chi tc). Tin trnh: - t 5 vt trong mt ci t hoc trong mt ci ti (nu tr khng ch th nn s dng ci t hn l ci ti v nh th tr thy c tr lm bao nhiu ln trc khi bi tp kt thc).13 15. - Chn 1 vt trong t, kim tra xem tr c quan st bn khng v s dng vt y mt cch ph hp. (V d cho tri bng tng ln, y xe chy, v,v). Sau a vt cho tr v lm cho tr hiu tr phi lp li hnh ng . Ch gip tr khi tr cn. - Khi tr bt chc c ch thnh cng, bn vt th nht qua mt bn v chn mt ci khc trong t. - Lp li tin trnh ny cho ti khi khng cn g trong t hoc ti.13 - BT CHC TING NG VT Bt chc m thanh, 1 - 2 tui BT CHC, VN NG, 1 - 2 TUI K NNG BNG LI, LUYN GING, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: Ci thin cch pht m v tng ch c ng ming. Mc tiu: Bt chc thnh cng ting ng phi hp vi 3 chi hoc vt thng dng nh. Dng c: 3 chi hoc vt thng dng nh c ting ng c th (v d ng h treo tng, chung, xe). Tin trnh: - t 3 vt mt bn bn tr c th nhn chnh xc bi tp gm bao nhiu phn. - Ly 1 vt v gy ting ng ph hp. Nu vt cng c mt hot ng c bit, bn phi hp ting ng v c ng (bn m bo l tr nhn bn v bn lp li ting ng). - Sau a cho tr vt v s vo mi tr ch cho tr l tr cng phi lm ting ng (Bn ng bn tm nu tr khng sao chp m thanh mt cch chnh xc). - Khi tr bt chc ting ng phi hp vi vt th nht, bn vt ny qua bn kia bn v lp li tin trnh vi vt th hai. - Tip tc bi tp cho ti khi c 3 vt c s dng. Nhng v d v vt kt hp vi m n gin: a) ng h treo tng: tic-tac b) chung nh: leng-keng c) xe hi: bin- bin d) xe la: xnh-xch14 - V NHNG NG NGANG BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 1 - 2 tui PHI HP MT-BN TAY, HNH V, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: Bt chc ngi dy s dng dng c, t luyn iu khin bt ch bt mu, t c s hiu bit nhng giai on ca bi tp. Mc tiu: Bt chc v 3 ng ngang. Dng c: 3 bt ch bt mu, 3 t giy, 2 gi la chn. Tin trnh: - t 3 bt ch bt mu v 3 t giy trong gi chn la. t gi trng bn kia bn. Ly trong gi 1 t giy v 1 cy bt ch bt mu, ch cho tr v ng ngang trn t giy nh th no: va lm ng tc gch mnh ng ngang va pht ra m thanh, v d i-i.14 16. - Sau t cy bt ch bt mu vo tay tr v gip tr k ng ngang (nhn mnh s nhanh nhn ca ng nt). - ng tr v nguch ngoc. Khi tr v 1 ng nt vi cy bt ch bt mu th nht, bn b vo gi lm xong v bn ly cy khc. - Lp li tin trnh bng cch s dng mt t giy mi. Bn gim dn s tr gip ca bn cho ti khi tr t v ng nt. Khi tt c cc cy bt ch bt mu nm trong gi lm xong, bi tp chm dt.Ngi dyHnh 1.2 C cu bt chc cc ng 3 bt ch bt mu15 - BT CHC NHNG C NG CA BN TAY Bt chc, vn ng, 2 - 3 tui VN NG TNG QUT, CNH TAY, 1 - 2 TUI PHI HP MT-BN TAY, T CH, 2 - 3 TUIMc ch: Ci thin bt chc c ng n gin ca bn tay. Mc tiu: Bt chc c ng n gin ca bn tay, nh l v tay, yu t quen thuc. Dng c: Ht chui, dy. Tin trnh: - Nh chng ta bit tr thch xu ht, ta s dng ti nng ny lm vic trn k nng khc. a cho tr si dy v mt ht chui, tr xu ht ny. Vi nhng ht chui k tip, bn yu cu tr v tay bt chc bn trc khi bn a ht chui cho tr. Lc u bn phi v tay v sau gip tr bng cch hng dn bn tay tr. - Khi tr quen bt chc cch v tay ca bn nhn ly mt ht chui, bn thay i c ng bt chc v vo bn hoc p vo lng bn tay. - Khi s dng nhng ht chui kch thch, bn li cun tr quan st bn v lm iu cn thit nhn Lnh mt ht khc.15 17. 16 - BT CHC DNG T ST Bt chc, vn ng, 2 - 3 tui VN NG TINH, THAO TC, 2 - 3 TUIMc ch: Ci thin ch ngi dy s dng dng c v pht trin t ch nhng c ng ca bn tay. Mc tiu: Bt chc 2 c ng n gin vi t st. Dng c: t st. Tin trnh: - Bn chia t st ra 4 phn bng nhau. Bn t 4 phn mt bn bn m tr c th nhn thy chng r. Sau bn cho tr mt ming v bn gi mt ming cho bn. Bn kim tra xem tr c quan st bn v bn ln di ming t st lm thnh con giun. - Khi bn ln di ming t st ca bn, bn ni Con nhn ny, ti phin con lm. Nu tr khng bt chc bn hoc tr khng lm c ng ln, bn dng bn tay kia ca bn gip tr c ng. - Khi tr bt u t ln t st, bn thng tr v t 2 ming t st dng bn kia bn. - Lp li tin trnh vi 2 ming t st khc, nhng ln ny cho tr bt chc c ng ca bn khi bn lm dp ming t st ca bn nh mt bnh kp. - Sau khi tr bt chc, bn t 2 ming t st dp vo ch xong v bi tp c hon tt. - Bn lp li hot ng nhiu ln cho ti khi tr kho lo hn, bn s dng nhiu ming t st v bn xen k 2 ng tc.17 - S HAI PHN CA THN TH BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 2 - 3 tui VN NG TNG QUT, CNH TAY, 2 - 3 TUI VN NG TINH, PHI HP 2 BN TAY, 2- 3 TUIMc ch: Tng s ch v pht trin nng lc bt chc cao hn. Mc tiu: Bt chc mt lot 3 c ch bao gm cch s cng lc 2 phn khc nhau ca c th. Dng c: Khng c. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi i din vi tr v kim tra xem tr c quan st bn. Bn ly mi tay s vo mt phn khc nhau ca thn th bn, v d mt tay trn u, mt tay ln bng. Bn lm chun ng tc bn an tm tr nhn r rng nhng g bn lm. Bn lm cho tr hiu bt chc bn. Bn ni ti phin conv bn lp li ng tc. - Bn duy tr t th tr lun lun c mu bt chc. - Nu tr khng c gng bt chc, bn t tay tr theo v tr. Nu tr bt chc nhng cn kh khn lm hai c ch, bn lp li ng tc v nhn mnh nhiu hn v bn ni ci u v ci bng. - Nhng ng tc khc c th phi hp l: a) mi v tai,16 18. b) tc v ming, c) tai v bng, d) u v mi.18 - BI TP HM BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 2 - 3 tui Mc ch: Ci thin kh nng vn ng ming cn thit cho s pht trin ngn ng. Mc tiu: Thc hin mt lot c ng hm v li bng cch bt chc ngi dy. Dng c: Khng c. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi i din vi tr v ni Con lm ging c - Bn lm nhng ng tc sau y v cho tr bt chc bn: a) M v ng ming bng cch nh hai hm rng mi ln. b) Gi u bt ng v di chuyn hm sang bn phi v tri. Tr c th cn s gip v bn gip tr di chuyn hm. c) Bn lm c ng nhai v hng dn tr bt chc bn. d) Le li ra v tht li vo, le li ra v di chuyn li t bn ny qua bn kia. - thng tr v s bt chc tt, bn a cho tr thc n kh nhai nhng th v. Phn thng c th l c rt, ko cao su, mt tri cy.19 - BT CHC S DNG DNG C Bt chc, vn ng, 2 - 3 tui Mc ch: Pht trin bt chc s dng dng c. Mc tiu: Bt chc ng cch s dng khc nhau vt thng ngy nh. Dng c: Tha g, ci bnh, tri bng, t st. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo bn i din vi tr, 4 vt c t mt bn bn. - Ly 1 trong nhng vt (bo m l tr quan st bn) v ch cho tr cch s dng vt. - Ri lm cho tr bt chc c ng ca bn bng cch gip tr nu thy cn. - t vt li v lp li tin trnh vi vt th hai. - S dng mt vt vi nhng cch khc nhau v n nhng g m tr sao chp li c ch ca bn va lm (khng lm c ch m bn lm trc vi cng mt vt. Bn cng c th s dng cng mt vt lin tip 2 ln vi cch s dng khc nhau; nhng mi ln nh th, bn ng qun vt li cng vi khc d bn c ly li vt ). V d thng ngy: a) Tng bng. b) Dng tha g vo ci l. c) Ln bng d) p dp t st.17 19. e) Dng tha khuy trong l. f) Ln trn t st. g) Nm bng ln cao. 20 - TR CHI BP B BNG CCH BT CHC Bt chc, vn ng, 2 - 3 tui X HI HA, TNG TC C NHN, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: Hc nhng kh nng tr chi bng cch bt chc. Mc tiu: Bt chc mt lot nhng c ch n gin vi bp b. Dng c: 2 bp b hoc th nhi bng, 2 khn lau tay nh, 2 ming vi, 2 tha nh, 2 tch nh, 2 hp nh. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo bn vi tr, trn ging hoc cch no khc thoi mi vi tr. - a cho tr mt b ca tng vt m bn s dng k c bp b na, v b kia bn gi cho bn. - Bn ly bp b ca bn, v t n trc mt bn. - Ra hiu cho tr lm ging bn. Bn ch gip tr khi tr c v lng tng. - t bp b vo trong mt hp nh v qun bp b bng khn lau tay lm mt ci ging. - Gip tr lm ging nh vy vi bp b ca tr. - Lp li tin trnh bng cch s dng vi lau mi cho bp b, tha cho bp b n v tch cho bp b ung.21 - BT CHC TING NG CC TH VT Bt chc m thanh, 2 - 3 tui K NNG BNG LI, LUYN GING, 1 -2 TUIMc ch: Ci thin cch pht m, s ch c ng ming v s bt chc c ng ming. Mc tiu: Bt chc nhng m thanh c pht ra bi 5 th vt. Dng c: chi th hoc hnh nh th vi ting ng phn bit. Tin trnh: - Cho tr ngi vo bn, i din vi bn, t 5 chi th vt hoc 5 hnh th vt mt bn. - Cm mt trong nhng th vt hoc mt trong nhng hnh nh v ch cho tr. - Bn lm ting ng ph hp vi th vt (sau khi kim tra xem tr c quan st ming ca bn khng). - Phng i m thanh v lm c ng ming r rng v phn bit. - Cm tay tr v cho tr s vo ming bn khi bn lp li m thanh ny. - a th vt cho tr v ng vin tr bt chc ting ng. - Khen tr khi tr th bt chc v gip tr lm nhng c ng ming. - Bn tip tc lm ting ng tr c mu hot ng ming (nhng th vt ph hp vi bi tp ny l ch, mo, cu, b ci, ong).18 20. 22 - TR CHI BN TAY C TNH M NHC Bt chc, vn ng, 3 - 4 tui VN NG TINH, C NG BN TAY, 3 - 4 TUIMc ch: Sao chp c ng v t th bn tay bng cch ht. Mc tiu: M v ng nm tay bng cch bt chc ngi ln. t bn tay ln u gi, ln u v trn lng bng cch bt chc. Dng c: Khng c. Tin trnh: - Sng tc mt giai iu tht n gin m ta lp li nhiu ln v ht: MngMng, G nhp, nhp, nhp. MngMng V tay ln u gi, gi, gi. Li ht c th ph hp vi c ch, c th i tay ln lng hoc tay ln u. - Bn ngi i din vi tr, u gi bn ng u gi tr. - Gip tr c ng tay tr hiu bt chc bn. - Khi tr bit lm, bn c th tng tc bi ht.23 - BT CHC MC CAO VIC NN T ST Bt chc, vn ng, 3 - 4 tui VN NG TINH, THAO TC, 3 - 4 TUI CM NHN TH GIC, 3 - 4 TUI BT CHC M THANH, 2 - 3 TUIMc ch: Tp tng dn ch nhng c ch ca ngi dy v pht trin lc ngn tay. Mc tiu: Bt chc xy dng 3 hnh th n gin bng t st. Dng c: t st. Tin trnh: - t 6 khi t st c trung ln bn: 3 khi trc mt tr, v gi 3 khi cho bn. - Dng mt ming t st, bn nn mt vt n gin m tr bit v d nh ci chn. Bo tr dng mt trong nhng ming t st ca tr bt chc lm vt nh bn. - Va nn ci chn bn va ni:Con lm nh th ny. C l bn phi gip tr khi ng, nhng bn tip tc nn xong hnh bn mun c mu cho tr bt chc. - Khi tr th bt chc nn hnh nh bn, bn 2 ci chn cnh nhau v thng tr. - Ap dng cng tin trnh vi t st cn li. - K tn vt nhiu ln m bn lm v ng vin tr bt chc ni tn. - Nu tr gp kh khn lm bi tp ny, bn c th gi ngi th ba gip tr trong khi bn tip tc lm mu.19 21. Hnh 1.3 Gi nhng hnh dng bt chc bng t st 24 - BT CHC C NG CA TH VT Bt chc, vn ng, 4 - 5 tui VN NG TNG QUT, THN, 4 - 5 TUIMc ch: Ci thin kh nng bt chc vn ng phc tp hn v ng vin bt chc tr nh. Mc tiu: Bt chc c ng ca 3 th vt. Dng c: 3 th nhi bng hoc 3 hnh nh th vt (ch nhng th vt c c ng phn bit nh chim, th, voi). Tin trnh: - Tm mt khng gian trng, ni m bn cng tr di chuyn khng va chm vt. - Cho tr xem mt trong nhng th vt hoc mt trong nhng tm hnh, cn nhng ci khc nhn thy c cho tr bit bi tp gm my phn. - Cho tr xem mt tm hnh, v d chim, v ni: Con hy nhn chim, n bay. Vy tay nh l bay v ni: Chim bay. Ko tr vy tay vi bn trong vi giy. Lc u, c th bn gip tr c ng cnh tay. - Lp li bi tp vi hai th vt khc.25 - TR CHI NN TNG Bt chc, vn ng, 4 - 5 tui VN NG TNG QUT, THN, 4 - 5 TUIMc ch: Ci thin kh nng bt chc vn ng tng qut. Mc tiu: Bt chc nhng t th ng khc nhau. Dng c: Hnh nh ngi trong nhiu t th ng khc nhau. Tin trnh: - Cho tr xem hnh nh ca mt ngi trong t th ng n gin. - Gi t th v gip tr lm nh vy; nu c mt ngi th hai phi gip tr tay v chn trong khi tr vn tip tc quan st bn lm mu (bt u bng nhng t th n gin tr khng s mt thng bng). - Dn dn khi kh nng vn ng tng qut ca tr pht trin, cho tr bt chc nhng t th phc tp hn.20 22. Hnh 1.4 Gi t th tr chi nn tng26 - BT CHC HOT NG BNG HAI PHN Bt chc, vn ng, 4 - 5 tui VN NG TNG QUT, THN, 2 - 3 TUI K NNG NHN THC, IU HNH THEO TH T, 1-2 TUIMc ch: Ci thin s ch , s bt chc ng tc ca ngi khc v nh cch iu hnh theo th t. Mc tiu: Bt chc mt lot 2 c ng n gin theo ng th t. Dng c: Khng c. Tin trnh: - Bn thc hin mt lot hai hnh ng n gin trong nh (khi bn chc chn tr ch v c kh nng thc hin mi hnh ng trong thi quen ny). - Sau khi ch cho tr thi quen, bn hon tt phn k tip vi tr v thng tr. - Sau bo tr t thc hin hai hnh ng. Nu tr ch thc hin mt trong hai phn hoc tr o ln th t, th bo tr thc hin li hnh ng ri thng tr. V d v hai hnh ng lin tip n gin: a) S cnh ca, sau i xung quanh bn. b) ng ca, sau ngi vo gh c ch nh. c) G bn, sau g ca. d) Ngi vo gh, sau chy v pha ca.27 - BT CHC NHNG THAY I VN TC V KHI LNG M THANH Bt chc, vn ng, 4 - 5 tui CM NHN THNH GIC, 3 - 4 TUI VN NG TINH, THAO TC, 0 - 1 TUI21 23. Mc ch: Ci thin s ch v pht trin nhng khi nim mnh / nh v nhanh / chm bng cch bt chc. Mc tiu: Bt chc thay i vn tc v khi lng m thanh bng cch dng tha p vo xoong. Dng c: 2 tha, 2 xoong. Tin trnh: - Ngi vo bn vi tr, t mt ci xoong v mt ci tha trc mt tr v gi mi loi mt ci cho bn. - Dng tha g vo xoong vi mt nhp iu khng dt v u n. - Ko tr bt chc bn bng cch p vo xoong (bo tr khi ng nu thy cn thit, nhng th gip tr cng t cng tt). - C gng g vo xoong ca bn cng nhp iu ca tr. - Khi nhp iu ca bn ph hp, bn hy bt u g vo xoong ca bn vi mt nhp iu nhanh hn (ch s thay i tc phi c nghe v thy r rng). - Nu tr khng tng nhp iu theo kp nhp iu ca bn, bn hy hng dn tr bng tay kia tr g nhanh hn. Bn ni: Nhanh hn i con. - Khi tr tng nhp iu ca tr d vi s tr gip ca bn, bn hy chm li v xem tr c bt chc bn khng. - Bn lp li bi tp nhiu ln cho n khi tr c th ch n tc ca nhng c g ca bn v lm cng gn ging cng tt. - Khi tr c th bt chc tc ca bn thnh cng, bn hy tip tc cng mt tin trnh dy tr ch n khi lng m thanh.II - CM NHN Mt s ln vn v hc tp v hnh vi c biu hin tr t k xut pht t s ln xn trong nhn thc hoc trong vic x l thng tin gic quan. Nhng kh khn ny c th tc ng trong mi gic quan hoc s phi hp gm thnh gic, th gic, xc gic, khu gic v v gic. Mt trong nhng vn ph bin nht ca tr t k l s bt lc ca chng trong s thu thp nhng thng tin gic quan khc nhau t c mt hnh nh ng v mi trng ca chng. Ngoi ra, vn nhn thc ca tr t k thay i rt ln t tr ny sang tr khc. Mt tr c th khng ch n ting ng vang ra gn tr trong khi tr li phn ng mt cch khng ph hp vi nhng ting ng cch xa ca giao thng. Nhng tr khc c th thch nhng thc n l thng hoc bn tm nm hoc ngi nhng vt. Ngoi ra mt s tr t k c th qu nhy cm trong mt loi gic quan v qu th trong mt loi gic quan khc. D chc nng ti t ca tt c loi gic quan c th gy ra nhng kh khn thch nghi, nhng thnh gic v th gic c th l nhng gic quan quan trng nht v hai gic quan ny c mi quan h cht ch vi chc nng nhn thc. Kh nng nhn thc phi c dy ni tr t k nh tt c cc kh nng khc.28 - T 1 CHI C KHM PH Cm nhn th gic, 0 - 1 tui22 24. VN NG TINH, NM BT, 0 - 1 TUIMc ch: Tng s ch cc vt v gi hnh nh c thy trong tr nh tr trong mt thi gian ngn. Mc tiu: Quan st mt chi c ta bao ph, tip tc quan tm n chi c che giu trong thi gian ngn v g vt che chi . Dng c: Ming vi nh (khn lau tay, khn mi xoa), chi nh c yu thch hoc bnh ko. Tin trnh: - Ch cho tr chi v tr thao tc chi y trong mt thi gian ngn. - Sau bn ly chi v t n xung sn nh trc mt tr. - Ph ming vi xung chi v ni H-h v gip tr dng tay ly ming vi ra. - Kch thch tr khm ph chi v ng vin tr tham gia vo bi tp. - Khi tr bt u khm ph chi, bn gim dn s kch thch.29 - THEO DI BNG MT Cm nhn th gic, 0 - 1 tui VN NG TINH, NM BT, 0 -1 TUIMc ch: Ci thin s ch bng mt. Mc tiu: Quan st bn tay ca mt ngi bit v tr ca 1 vt. Dng c: 3 chn nh / mm, ko bnh. Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo bn i din tr, t 3 chn hoc mm gia bn v tr (2 mm cch nhau khong 15cm). - Ch bnh ko, bn ni: Con nhn ka v di chuyn bnh ko t pha ny sang pha khc trong tm nhn ca tr. - Khi tr nhn bnh ko, bn t n vo mt trong 3 mm. - Nu tr khng ly bnh ko lin, bn ni: Con ly bnh ko i v ch cho tr mm c ko. - Nu tr khng phn ng, bn to s ch v hng dn tay tr v pha ko. - Lp li bi tp ny nhiu ln cho ti khi tr quan st bn tay bn xem vin ko u v ly ko trong mm khng tr gip.30 - TM KIM MT VT RI Cm nhn th gic, 0 - 1 tui VN NG TINH, NM BT, 1 - 2 TUI VN NG TNG QUT, CNH TAY, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: ng vin quan st k cng tm mt vt. Mc tiu: Quan st mt vt ri xung t, xc nh v tr v ci xung nht ln. Dng c: 1 chn nh, 5 khi mu. Tin trnh: - Xp 5 khi thnh hng cnh bn. - Tay cm chn trn u gi, t tr ng gn bn.23 25. - Va y mt trong nhng khi rt xung bn va ni: Con nhn v ni tip i (vi mt ging ngc nhin). - Lm iu b v ni Con nhn kaTmV ly cho c. - Nu cn thit, bn gip tr tm v lm khi ln, sau gip tr khi vo chn, ri bn khen tr. - Bn lp li tin trnh ny cho n khi 5 khi rt ht, c tm thy, c lm v c t vo chn. - Bn ni: Xong ricm n con v khen tr.31 - TM PHN THNG DI CI TCH Cm nhn th gic, 0 - 1 tui Mc ch: Ci thin s ch bng mt. Mc tiu: Lt tch ly ko bnh Dng c: Tch, ko bnh (v d ko, u phng, nho). Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo bn i din vi tr. - Ch cho tr ko bnh v di chuyn ko bnh t pha ny qua pha khc trong tm nhn ca tr v ni: Con nhn ka. - Khi bn chc chn l tr quan st, bn ko bnh trn bn trc mt tr. - Up t t ci tch ln bnh ko. - Cm tay tr v gip tr lt tch ln. - Ga v ngc nhin khi tm thy ko v ni: Con nhn ka. - Lp li tin trnh ny vi nhng bnh ko khc, nhng ln ny ch cho tr phi t tm thy bnh ko. - Tip tc bi tp cho n khi tr c th quan st bn tay ca bn v ghi nhn v tr bnh ko v sau lt tch ln khng tr gip.32 - PHN NG VI TING NG QUEN THUC Cm nhn thnh gic, 0 - 1 tui K NNG NHN THC, NGN NG TH CM, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: Nhanh nhn vi mt ting ng quen thuc v nhn bit n nh mt du hiu bo trc mt bin c sp ti. Mc tiu: Ngng mt hat ng khi chung rung, tm ngun gc ca ting ng v sau i v pha ngi ln. Dng c: Chung tay nh. Tin trnh: - Tr thch tm v i do bng xe t, trc khi bt u mt trong nhng hot ng ny, bn lc chung tht mnh pha sau tr. - Khi tr quay li, bn va cm tay tr v ni: Tm hoc xe t va chun b cho tr hot ng ny.24 26. - Nu tr khng quay li khi chung rung, bn a chung li gn tr ch bng mt c ng ca chung. Dn dn quen vi vic thng qui ny, tr bt u ch ti m thanh nhanh hn. - Bn lun lc chung trc hai hot ng c yu thch ny v khng lc chung vo nhng lc khc. - T t khi tr quen bi tp ny, bn lc chung khong cch t t xa hn.33 - PHI HP THNH GIC Cm nhn thnh gic, 0 - 1 tui X HI HA, TNG TC C NHN, 0 -1 TUIMc ch: Ci thin cm nhn bng tai. Mc tiu: Phi hp 2 ting ng khc nhau ca nhng hnh ng khc nhau phn bit hai ting ng v thy trc hnh ng c phi hp vi mi ting ng. Dng c: Khng c. Tin trnh: - Chn 2 m thanh vui tai v ni kt m thanh ny vi hai hot ng vui (v d, bn c th c lt bng ca tr v ni Ti-ti-ti hoc va v tay tr va ni bum. Lun ch phi hp cng ting ng vi cng hot ng. Cui cng tr nghe c nhng m thanh khc nhau ny v phi hp chng vi nhng hot ng minh bch). - Sau khi lp li thi quen ny nhiu ln vi cng nhng m thanh v cng nhng hot ng, lu lu bn lm ci ny m khng lm ci kia xem tr c on trc khng (v d, bn ni ti-ti-ti, nhng bn ngng vi pht trc khi c lt hoc bn lp li m thanh xem tr c on trc vic c lt khng. Bn ni bum v xem tr c a tay ra v khng).34 - TM KIM NHNG VT DNG C A THCH Cm nhn th gic, 1 - 2 tui K NNG NHN THC, KT HP, 1 - 2 TUI K NNG NHN THC, NGN NG TH CM, 1 - 2 TUI (KHNG BT BUC)Mc ch: Ci thin ch bng mt v pht trin kh nng phn bit vt. Mc tiu: Chy trong phng tm mt vt c a thch v tm thy vt khng b sao nhng bi nhng vt kch thch khc. Dng c: Hp c kch c trung, 3 cp vt thng dng (v d giy, tch, to). Tin trnh: - ri rc nhng d thy 3 vt thng dng trong phng - Gi tr mt ni m tr c th thy 3 vt. Ch cho tr mt vt ging mt trong nhng vt ri rc trong phng (v d ch mt chic giy v ni con tm chic giy i). Nu tr c kh khn tm vt, hng s ch ca tr v gc phng ni c chic giy. Nu tr cn kh khn, ch thng chic giy. - Sau cng, nm tay tr, ch cho tr chic giy, ni con tm chic giy v dn tr n vt. - Gom hai chic giy lc u v chng v hp. - Thng tr khi mt cp vt c tm thy trong hp, k c khi bn gip tr.25 27. - Lp li bi tp cho ti khi tt c vt trong hp. Nu tr pht trin kh nng tt v ngn ng cm nhn, ch s dng lnh bng li tm chic giy.35 - TR CHI P M Cm nhn th gic, 1- 2 tui Mc ch: Ci thin ch bng mt v tr nh. Mc tiu: Tm mt vt c giu di mt trong 3 tch. Dng c: 3 tch khc nhau, 3 tch ging nhau, ko bnh. Tin trnh: - Ngi vo bn i din vi tr. - Phn u ca bi tp, dng 3 tch khc nhau hoc 3 vt cha khc nhau (v d tch, ly, chn) p trn bn trc mt tr. - Bn ni con nhn ka v ong a bnh ko trong tm nhn ca tr. - Khi bn chn chn rng tr quan st tay bn, giu bnh ko di mt trong nhng vt cha. ng di chuyn tch v ng th can thip chng. - Bn ni con cm vin ko, v ch nhng tch tr hiu tr s tm phn thng. Nu tr c v lng tng, hng dn tay tr tm c tch ng. - Khen tr lt tch ln c v cho tr phn thng. - Khi tr c kh nng quan st tay bn v tm c phn thng di tch c v khc nhau, lp li tin trnh vi 3 tch ging nhau. - Khi tr c kh nng tm phn thng di mt tng th 3 tch ging nhau, bn ch dng 2 tch nhng thay i 1 ln v tr cc tch sau khi phn thng di 1 trong cc tch (ng qun bn chc chn rng tr quan st tay bn trong khi bn giu phn thng).36 - SAO CHP CCH SP XP HNH KHI Cm nhn th gic, 1 - 2 tui PHI HP MT-BN TAY, T CH, 1 - 2 TUIMc ch: Ci thin cm nhn bng mt v v tr vt trn mt mc tiu. Mc tiu: Sp xp 4 khi mt cch xc nh. Dng c: 4 khi, ba cng hoc giy trng, bt pht nt to. Tin trnh: - Chun b mt lot t giy bng cch v hnh th 4 khi trong cch sp xp khc nhau trn ba cng hoc giy c nh. - T nhng hnh th cho thy r. - mt t giy i din vi tr v cho tr mt hnh khi. - Ch cho tr v tr ca mi hnh khi v ni con vo. Hng dn tay tr t hnh khi ng v tr. - Thng ngay v lp li bi tp cho n khi tt c nhng hnh khi c t trn t giy. - Lp li tin trnh vi hnh v th hai nhng n khi th 4, bn ni con vo nhng khng ch ch cn trng (xem tr c tm c ch trng v ng hnh khi mt mnh). - Gim dn dn s gip ca bn cho ti khi bn khng cn ch g na.26 28. Hnh 2.1 Gi sp xp cc hnh khi37 - PHN BIT NHNG HNH V Cm nhn th gic, 2 - 3 tui K NNG NHN THC, KT HP, 2 - 3 TUIMc ch: Ci thin kh nng nhn v kh nng kt hp. Mc tiu: Kt hp nhng cp ging nhau ca hnh v n gin. Dng c: Giy, bt pht nt to hoc bt ch bng bt mu. Tin trnh: - S dng bt pht nt to hoc vit ch bt mu v nhng hnh n gin bng ch to trn nhng t giy ri. Mi t giy ch v mt hnh v mi hnh mt cp. - t tr chi hnh v trn bn trc mt tr, tri ra ht tr c th thy tt c mt lt. - Bn gi tr chi kt hp hnh v trn u gi. - a cho tr mt trong nhng hnh v ca b hnh ca bn v ni con tm hnh ging hnh ny. - Cm tay tr v hng dn tr tr so snh hnh ca bn vi mi hnh trn bn. - Nu nhng hnh v khng kt hp vi nhau, bn ni khng ging nhau v hy so snh hnh tip theo. - Khi bn thy hnh v kt hp vi nhau, bn ni ng ri, ging nhau, bn hai hnh kt hp vi nhau bn cnh nhau. (Bn chc chn rng tr quan st bn trong khi bn so snh hnh v). - Lp li tin trnh cho ti khi tt c cc hnh v kt hp vi nhau. - Hy bt u bng 3 hnh v, nhng tng dn s lng v s phc tp ca hnh v ty theo s tin b ca tr.Hnh 2.2 Nhng hnh v n gin kt hp 27 29. 38 - PHN BIT NHNG NGUN TING NG Cm nhn thnh gic, 2 - 3 tui VN NG TINH, THAO TC, 1 - 2 TUI Mc ch: Ci thin s chn lc bng tai.Mc tiu: Kt hp nhng m pht xut t mt lot ngun ting ng. Dng c: 3 cp vt gy ting n (b phch, chung nh, chi bp, ci m quay, ci ci, v.v.) Tin trnh: - Bn ngi vo bn vi tr. - t 2 vt c ting ng khc nhau trn bn trc mt tr v gi nhng vt kt hp vi nhau trc mt bn. - S dng mt trong nhng vt mt cch thch ng, sau cm tay tr v gip tr s dng vt kt hp vi nhau to cng ting ng. - t li 2 vt u tin v lp li tin trnh vi cp th hai.(t li cp th hai v tr ban u) - Ly li vt th nht, s dng n chnh xc v ch tr s dng ca n. (Xem tr c chn vt ng trong 2 vt trc mt tr). - Nu tr khng lm, ngng li v hng dn tay tr vo vt ng - Lp li tin trnh bng cch xen k hai vt. - Nu tr chn ng vt mt cch chc chn, bn bt u a dng ha tin trnh sao cho ng xen k mt cch n gin na. - Sau cng, bn tr chi vt ca bn trong hp pha sau lng bn. Chn mt v to ting ng lm sao cho tr khng th thy vt no bn s dng. - tr chn dng c ng trong b su tp ca tr v to ra ting ng kt hp vi nhau. - Ty theo s tin b ca tr, tng s lng vt, nhng mi vt phi c m thanh rt phn bit.39 - HP C L Cm nhn th gic, 2 - 3 tui K NNG NHN THC, KT HP, 2 - 3 TUI PHI HP MT-BN TAY, T CH, 2 - 3 TUI VN NG TINH, THAO TC, 2 - 3 TUIMc ch: Ci thin vic tm kim bng mt, k