Thit k cp in cho nh

Ngoi cn h chung c, vic thit k v thi cng cp in ni tht cho cc nh nh: bit th, nh mt ph hoc nng thn l rt cn thit. Vy lm th no thit k va m bo tnh thm m li va an ton l ht sc quan trng. Thit k v thi cng ng trc cp ngun in n bng in tng Nhnh dy t ng trc h th n cng t in ni chung l thuc trch nhim ca ngnh in. ng trc sau cng t l ng trc chnh cp in n bng in tng trong nh. ng trc ny cng nh cc loi dy in khc trong nh ch nn trn loi dy rut ng, tit din dy nn chn ln hn kh nng ti hin ti d phng kh nng trong nh c thm thit b in mi. Nu ng cp in trc bng in tng l ng cp ngm th bng in tng nn t tng trt. V tr t la chn sao cho va bo m m quan, va bo m nu phi sa cha s c ng cp ngm th khng phi o cc cng trnh kin trc trong nh. Thng khi ng trc cp in n bng in tng l ng cp treo th bng in tng c t chn cu thang tng 2. t nh vy l hp l nht. Va bo m cc ng nhnh phn phi n cc tng l ngn nht va bo m vn hnh bng in l thun tin. Nu c iu kin th nn chn v tr bng in tng ch che khut m bo m quan. Bng in tng l mt hp nha c chon ngm trong tng, mt trc l ca c bn l, khi m cnh ca ny, ta tip cn c vi cc nm thao tc cc ptmt (c bn sn cc ca hng in). V tr nm cc ptmt phi c ghi r l cp in i u khi cn thit phi ct in ton b hay tng tng trong nh th khng b nhm ln. Cc ptmt tng cng nh cc ptmt nhnh i cc tng khng nn dng Aptomat kiu c bo v so lch, loi ny tuy rt an ton cho bo v chng in git, nhng v dng in so lch tc ng qu nhy (ch vi chc mA) nn 1 s gia nh th t loi Aptomat ny b Aptomat tc ng nhm khi thi tit m t nng, lc cch in cc ng dy v thit b in trong nh b nhim m v b d in. i dy trong nh T sau cc ptmt nhnh ca bng in tng, ta bt u i dy n tng tng v vo cc bung. ng dy ny c chn ngm nm ngang trn cao, cch trn nh 30-40cm. - ng dy i ngang trn cao nh vy s khng tr ngi cho vic khoan tng treo tranh hoc treo cc vt khc. - Ly ng ranh gii mu trn v tng lm ng chn ngm dy in gip ta xc nh v tr ng in i ngm bn trong tng. ng chn ngm nm ngang nn li dng hng l rng ca gch tuy nen lm ng i dy ngm, ch cn c b phn gch pha ngoi l. Trong ng chn ngm ny thng i chung cc ng in sau y: - ng trc chnh phn phi in trong bung - Cc ng nhnh n n treo tng v n trn cng nh n cc cm - ng dy in thoi - ng cp ng trc cho ngten tivi hoc cp truyn hnh. Cch khc phc khi ng in b chp Ch cch in ng cp in thoi d b suy gim nht l ch u dy tch ra u vo gic v ch ny b bc

mt phn cch in chnh, ch cn cch in ring ca tng si rt mng v yu. Ta nh vi git nha thng nu chy vo ch bc cch in chnh tch tng si con. Khi nha thng ng cng s bt kn ng nhim m ch tch dy. ng in thng ng chn ngm n n, n bng cng tc n v n cm xut pht t ng trc nm ngang v ng ny b tr ng ng tim thng ng ca bng in cng tc hoc cm, nh vy cng d cho vic xc nh v tr cc ng chon ngm thng ng trong tng sau ny. n chiu sng trong tng bung nn c 2 loi, loi n cng sut nh, dng bng compact bt khi khng c yu cu tht sang v loi n n ng bng gy tit kim in 60cm hoc 120cm bt khi c yu cu tht sng trong bung. Bng cng tc n nn ring, khng chung vi bng cm. l loi bng chn ngm, cn u ng v tr bt tt ( v tr bt hin k hiu chm mu trn nm bt tt). Cng nn chn bng c n LED mu xanh hoc mu (mu xanh c a dung hn) lm tn hiu l bng ang c in v d tm ra v tr cng tc vo ban m. Bng nn b tr cao 1,5m (tnh ti cnh trn ca bng) trong bung, cnh ca ra vo. Bng cng tc n cho bung tm v bung v sinh nn pha ngoi bung, cnh ca ra vo. Bng cm in c b tr theo nguyn tc: bt c mt thit b in di ng no khi cm vo , dy in cng khng lm vng li i li. Bng cm c loi 1 v tr cm, c loi 2 v tr cm. Nn chn loi bng cm c tm nha che kn l cm, ch khi ta cm phch in vo th tm che ny mi b y ra u phch cm vo c . Nh th bo m an ton, nht l khi trong nh c tr nh. Bng cm c th cnh hoc khng cnh bng cng tc n, thng th khng cnh nhau. Bng thng t gn ch d kin s cm in cho qut, tivi, n bn cao ca bng cm thng l 0,5m (tnh ti mt trn ca bng). cmcho t u ging c t thp hn ngay cnh t. cm trong nh tm nn cao trn 1,5m v ch t c kh nng b nc bn vo. Dy dn in cc n hoc cm thng l dy 1 rut ( tit kim chiu di dy t sau thit b in tr v dy ngui chung). Tit din la chn: 1,5mm2 cho ng in n, 2,5mm2 cho ng in cm. Bng cm cho ng in thoi v ng ngten tivi hoc cp truyn hnh nn b tr khng gn bng cng tc in v bng in khi nhm ln. Bng thng t cao 0,4m ch d kin s t in thoi hoc tivi. Cc thit b in c cng sut ln nh my iu ho, bnh nc nng khng th u qua cng tc bnh thng m cn u qua ptmt mt pha ring. Chn loi ptmt hai cc 20A hoc 16A cho mi thit b l thch hp. V tr t bnh nc nng hay my iu ho cng phi d kin trc i dy in chn ngm n ng ch . Tit din dy cp cho cc thit b ny chn l 4mm2 (dy n hoc dy i cch in kp). i vi bnh nc nng v bp in (nu c) ngoi ng in, phi lm thm ng tip a tip vo v thit b. Dy tip a l dy ng trn hoc cch in c tit din 4mm2, dy ny c u vo 1 cc tip a bng st gc 75x75 tr ln, (hoc st ng c din tch b mt tng ng) di t 1,5m tr ln, chn ngm di t ch t thng xuyn m t (chng hn nh y h ga ng thot nc). C nh vy mi bo m khi ang tm m vn bt bnh nc nng, nu in c r cng khng nguy him. Hin nay c bn loi bnh nc nng chng r in (khi c in r l bnh t ct in ngay). Bp in cng cn tip a khi bng ni nc nng t bp ra trong lc bp b r in th cng khng b in git gy phn x nh nc nng gy bng. n chm treo trn trn phng khch cng nn dng cc bng compact tit kim in (c loi bng compact pht ra nh sng vng ging nh mu sng ca bng si nung). n cu thang cng nn dng bng compact v c 2 cng tc 3 cc cho 1 n c th bt chn cu thang v tt u trn cu thang v ngc li. Cc loi nh g v nh c vch ngn bng tng thch cao th ng in trong nh khng chn ngm c. Lc dng ng in i trong cc hp mng tit din hnh ch nht c 2 na, na gn c nh vo cng trnh v na y bn trn. Tit din cc loi mng cng to nh khc nhau, khi mua cn la chn cho cha va s dy bn trong nhng cng khng qu to, v to th va t va xu. Lc ny cc bng in, bng cng tc in v bng cm cng phi t ni.

Nhng nguyn tc lp in trong nh

Cc h thng in thng do k s in c chuyn mn thit k, nhng vi t cch l ch nh cng nn tm hiu cc v tr lp t thit b in, trn bn v xem c ph hp vi mc ch s dng v b tr ni tht trong nh mnh hay khng. Bn nn bn bc vi cc k s in chn kiu bng n. Thng thng ngi ta hay cn c vo nhit , mu sc, tui th bng n, hiu sut sng v tn sut s dng lin tc hay gin on ca nhng bng n . Khi chn nhng loi bng n ph hp vi ngi nh, th bn cng nn cn nhc n kiu chiu sng. Kiu chiu sng trc tip cho nh sng ri thng t ngun sng n i tng cn chiu sng hay kiu chiu sng gin tip cho nh sng chiu ln tm phn quang ri mi phn x vi i tng cn chiu sng l nhng phng n m cc k s in a ra gii thiu vi bn. Tuy nhin, bn nn nh rng cc phng n trn u c mt mnh mt yu, chng va c th em li hiu qu chiu sng nhng cng ng thi hn ch sng ca bng n. V th, bn nn xem xt k cc khng gian chc nng trong nh mnh la chn c cc kiu chiu sng ph hp. Chn cao treo n cng l mt vic lm cn thit khi lp bn thit k ng n. cao treo n lin quan trc tip n ri sng ca n v kinh t khi s dng. Hy nghin cu k vn ny da trn cc bc chn loi n v tr chiu sng. iu bn nn nh l mc n lm sao trnh n ri thng vo tm mt. Cn nu treo n v tr thp nht thit n phi c chp bo v hoc chao m hn ch hng chiu sng. Xc nh s lng n cn thit lp trong nh cng l cch trnh s lng ph v tin bc cng nh t c chun cho nh sng. Th d nh nhng ni cn sng iu ha, khng phi ch s dng 1 n c cng sut ln l m nn dng nhiu n nh to sng ng u trnh khu vc gn n qu sng, cc khu vc khc li ti. Khi c bn thit k ng in trong tay, bn cn phi tm hiu cc k hiu n hnh trn bn v bit c v tr cc thit b c ph hp khng. Mt thit k chiu sng tt s ph hp vi cng nng nhm m bo sng cho cc cng vic c th, cc chc nng ni tht, to n tng p, tn c ng nt kin trc cng trnh v tit kim ti chnh. i vi ng dy in, tt nht hy yu cu k s in nn chia nhiu ng dy h thng hot ng c lp nh ng dy dnh cho cm, cho cc n v cho cc thit b in nng ln nh iu ha, bnh nc nng, l sy. Trong mi phng c t nht mt cm, k c bp v khu v sinh. Cng tc n nn gn ca ra vo, trong phng ng phi c cng tc n u ging. C th s dng cng tc hai chiu cho mt n chnh ca phng ng, mt b tr gn ca, mt b tr u ging. Cng tc nn t pha tay nm ca cnh ca, nn gn cch mt t 1,2 m cn cm chm cch mt t 0,3 m. Bp in nn dng mt cm ring, khng chung vi cc thit b khc. Phng khch gia nh phi to c khng kh m cng gn gi ch khng th lnh lo nh cng s hay sng rc nh qung trng. n chnh ca phng khch nn l nhng loi n mang n s sang trng nh n chm, qut trn gn n chm... Tng c th dng n trang tr chiu sng ph cho cc phng rng hay nu tng nh bn dng gch th trang tr th c th dng n n gc chiu ht vo bc tng to chiu su, ni bt cc mch va vi nhiu cung bc mu sc khc nhau. Tng c treo tranh nn b tr hai n m tng cn xng hai bn bc tranh. B gh salon nn c n bn hoc n sn. Phng khch nh, hoc trn thp khng thch hp vi n chm, bn nn thay bng ngn n treo c cng tc git thp gn bn khch. Nh l khng nh sng chiu thng vo mt khch. i vi cc loi n m trn nn b tr cc loi n bng trn, halogen, neon, compact cho mt nh sng nn va phi. Cn cc n ri tranh, n ni t tng nn b tr chiu sng trc tip lm ni bt cc chi tit trang tr. Gian phng khch c sofa mu m hay sng nn dng nhng cy n nh chiu sng tng gc to nn s m cng. Nu tng sn sng mu v c lp gng ln th khng cn mc nhiu bng n v h s phn x cao mc hp th nh sng. i vi n cy, bn nn nh nht thit phi c chao vi hoc chao kim loi ht ngc ln trn cho nh sng du phn

quang. Ch nn dng mt loi si t vng, trnh dng n neon cho phng khch. Phng khch c chiu cao khong 3,6 m ch nn dng b n chm mt tng t 4 n 6 bng. Cn nhng b n chm nhiu tng nn dnh cho cc i snh hoc cc kin trc c chiu cao trn t 4 m tr ln. Phng lm vic no cng cn cng nh sng n nh v nn l nh sng trng ca n hunh quang. Tt c cc n phi c chao ngi ngi vi t th nhn ngang khng b la mt bi nh sng trc tip t bng, ng thi nh n khng chiu vo mn hnh my vi tnh. Bn lm vic ti thiu cng cn c ngun sng trc tip khng b thc cng mt nn dng n bn bng trn. Ni ngi vit, hay c sch bo tt nht l dng n ri t trn cao khong 40 - 70 cm. Nu nh phng khch cn to nn nhng gc sng gc ti khc nhau th khu ph li i hi nh sng khuch tn u to s m du th gin. Bn nn dng bng qu l m 60 -75W. Gng cng cn dng n chiu sng ring v tt nht l mc n pha trn treo gng chiu sng vo v tr mt ngi ng soi. T treo qun o to thit k kiu m tng cng nn c mc n thun tin s dng. Nhng bng n halogen nh gn trn mi t s rt tin cho s dng. Ngoi ra nhng t by trang tr c chiu n ngoi tc dng chiu sng cn lm ni bt vt trng by. Phng ng khng cn nh sng rc r m nn tp trung vo nhng im ch yu nh pha trn u ging hay bn trang im. Nu trong phng ng bn c k ti-vi th cng ng qun lp mt bng n nh pha sau hoc gn vi ti-vi gim s chi mt do cng sng thay i lin tc pht ra t bng hnh. Phng ng nn dng thm rm vi dy v y s l cng c khuch tn hu hiu nh sng, nht l nh sng ban ngy. Th nh sng trong vt tinh lc qua lp rm ca s gp phn th gin ngh ngi. Bp cn c tn dng ti a nh sng thin nhin c cm gic trung thc v mu sc ca thc phm ch bin. n nn c b tr ti cc khu vc bn n v cc v tr quan trng khc nh bp un, t lnh. ly thm nh sng, phng bp c th tn dng ngay nh sng trc tip t khu vc nu qua h thng kh mi (my ht mi bn trn th trng a s lp bng n chiu sng). Nu bp nh bn khng dng my ht mi c th lp thm loi n neon ngn hoc bng halogen nh pha trn t bp. Khu vc bn n nn dng n th cng tc git c th iu chnh chiu sng, khng nhng khng chi mt ngi ngi m cn tp trung lm ni bt v hp dn ca thc n. (Theo Thi Bo Kinh T)

khi lm nh tn nht chim 2/3 gi tr tb in l dy dn, nn ta phi tnh k phn dy dn i hp l trnh lng ph v tn km, nhng cng khng nn tit kim qu sau ny khng sa cha c. - Dy trc cp ngun cho cc tng: dng dy 2x6mm hoc 2x10mm. nn tch thnh 2 nhnh rin bit: dy chiu sng v cm 1 nhnh, dy bnh iu ha 1 nhnh -> c th dng 2 si 2x6mm l n (nu nh ch 2 binh nng lanh, 2-3 iu ha) - Dy cm nn i dy t 2x2,5mm n 2x4mm: nu phng ng ch cm qut, my sy nh, dng dy 2,5mm . Phng khch, phng bp thnh thong lin hoan cm bp t, bp lu nn dng dy 2x4mm - Cng tc n n, qut... dng dy 2x1mm n 2x1,5mm (tt nht nn dng dy 2x1,5mm) - Mt nguyn tc tit kim na l u dy ch ti cc cc, cc tb in ch di t 20cm-27cm khng di qu, sau ny lp thit b vo di qu cng ct b, rt lng ph. Mt ngi nh t nht cng khong 60 u dy mi u ct 30cm cng vt i mt 18m dy ri. - Khi trn cc tng ch t lun dy in thng tng t tng doi ln tng trn (trnh phi khoan xuyn tng sau ny) n gin nht l ti ch cn thng dy in ln t mt ng nc F27mm l n. ri lun dy qut trn, dy n p trn, n hnh lang, n cu thang.... cc dy chn di sn bt buc phi lng trong ng nha bo v, by gi ng cng r khong 100k/cun 50m. trnh ri trc tip v sau ny trn nh rt d b bin dng dy s b ko t, khng c ra i li oc) - Ci na phi ch l thi cng lun dy tip a, troc kia t ngoi , nhng by gi con ngi mi l quan trng nn khi thi cng th lm lun hng mc ny. Lc o mng hoc o b pht bn ng lun cc tip a. Cc v dy

tip a bn c th ln La thnh mua, by gi n lm sn cc st m km (4x4 hoc 6x6cm) di 2m, dy thp 8mm m km. Bn nn mua cc thp m km s bn hn cc ng li st (v chn doi t m ng khng b g nhng d b phn ng vi thp to thnh 1 cc pin) Cn thit b in trn th trong hin nay c loi bnh dn, loi cao cp, hay dng nht vn l: Sino Vanloock, Panasonic... mc chit khu l t 27% n 40% Gi c bn c th tham kho ti:http://www.diengiadinh.com/product/c-47/Tai-bao-gia.html Ca hng tb in Linh Giang - 105 o Tn - T: 04.377.16.490 my cho bn