Next Generation FTTH - ECOC Exhibition Focus 2011... · Next Generation FTTH . ... Work by...

Chris Pfistner ECOC 2011

Next Generation FTTH

2 NeoPhotonics Confidential Information 新飞通公司机密信息

Table of Content

NG FTTH - What do we need?

Bandwidth vs Reach vs Cost per Bit

How did we get here?

The Pioneers – APON & BPON

The Volume Leaders - GPON & GEPON

The latest Generation - 10G PON

Going beyond 10G

ODN – The biggest investment

Multiplexing Techniques – Photons vs Electrons

Other Options to consider

How do the different options compare?


Global PON Market 2000-2015

NTT starts

B-PON

KT starts

GEPON

deployment

China starts

GPON

deployment

Verizon

GPON

slows down

India ramps

GPON

deployment

AT&T & VZ

start BPON

NTT slows

GEPON

(20M Users)

AT&T & VZ

start GPON

China

continues

GEPON

10G PON

deployments

start in China

for FTTB/C

NTT

starts

GEPON

Forecast

NG PON: 40G+ downstream

10G+ upstream


The Technology Perspective

The network – The biggest Investment by Carriers

Power Splitters (PS)

Wavelength Filters (WS)

Hybrid Power Splitters & Wavelength Filters

Multiplexing Techniques – The usual Suspects

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

How about higher split ratios in existing PON architectures?

Concept of the “Mode Coupling Receiver” – (MCR)


The Optical Distribution Network (ODN)

GPON XG PON

B+ C C+ N1 N2 E1 E2

Min (dB) 13 15 17 14 16 18 20

Max (dB) 28 30 32 29 31 33 35

Loss Budgets as defined in FSAN/ITU

Central Office

OLT

AAWG

Wavelength Division

Multiplexing

Business

Single Family Homes

MDU


Historical Performance Curve: Photonics vs Electronics

Electronics:

Global Semiconductor Industry:

> $250B Annual Revenue:

> $25B in Development per year (10%)

> $3-5B in Research

Efficient Manufacturing Eco System

Photonics:

Global Optical Transceiver Industry 2010:

~ $2.5B Annual Revenue:

$250M in Development per year

$25 - $50M in Research per year

Mostly inhouse Manufacturing

Performance Increases often come in spikes, e.g. WDM introduction in 1990’s.


TDM - Time Division Multiplexing

TDM offers full flexibility in agile shifting and sharing of bandwidth resources across all N users – at the core of today’s PON networks:

DBA - Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

At the conceptual level, TDM solves many energy dilemmas

N customers share a single OLT transceiver resource – energy savings in the OLT.

It is possible to use the TDMA upstream to reduce power when the ONU is not transmitting. (An average ONU has a transmission duty cycle of 1/N)

TDM’s weak link is that it requires all ONU transceivers to operate at the overall PON data rate.

Do customers that use a maximum bandwidth of 10 Mb/s really need an ONU with 10G bidirectional transceivers?

7


WDM – Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Concept: WDM PON provides secure “virtual point-to-point” connections over a shared ODN to each user.

Advantages:

Optically transparent – Service and protocol independent

No intrinsic loss from power splitters, just excess loss in the AWG

What is holding up the ubiquitous deployment of WDM PON:

WDM PON is ideal for high bandwidth applications: e.g. Business & LTE Backhaul.

Majority of today’s ODN use power splitters.

WDM PON consumes valuable resources (energy, capacity) to support idle frames.

Cost effective WDM Transceivers for the ONU remain a challenge, both for “colorless” (tunable) and “colored” (fixed wavelength) type. The concept of “Self-Seeding RSOA ONU” is getting attention lately.

8


WDM PON – Athermal AWGs are field proven!!

Athermal AWG’s have been field deployed for a decade and represent a mature technology. Two compensation mechanisms exist:

Mechanical compensation without any intrusion on optical path

Refractive index compensation through material insertion into optical path

NeoPhotonics AAWG devices are approaching a cumulative 200M hours in the field, often under extreme conditions with zero failures to date.


Stacked TDM: A pragmatic combination of TDM & WDM PON

Concept: “Stack” 4 – 8 TDM PON networks on the same ODN using WDM wavelengths in existing ODN transmission windows.

Advantages:

Compatible with existing ODN

Leveraging existing technology

Accommodating different split ratios/data rates for different user groups

Challenges:

WDM Transceivers remain higher cost than Standard Transceivers

Tunable filters at ONU still in trial stage

10

OLT λ12

OLTλnm

Power

Splitter

external

Mux/DeMux

ONU

OLT λ34

OLT λij

ONU

ONU

ONU

ONU

ONU

ONU

ONU


FDM – Frequency Division Multiplexing

In FDM multiple electrical RF carriers are transported jointly over a single optical carrier:

Downstream: one or more RF carriers are dedicated to each ONU

Upstream: each ONU emits one or more RF carriers

RF carrier allocation can be static or dynamic

At a conceptual level, FDM solves many energy dilemmas:

N customers share a single OLT transmit and receive resource – energy savings in the OLT.

Advantage over TDM: Each ONU only processes the allocated RF carriers at a fraction of the combined data rate.

However, further advances in DAC/ADC, and DSP, as well as PIC technology are needed for a cost effective implementation of FDM in NG Access Networks. Leverage advances in electronics!!

11


C+ outside plant w

CENTRAL OFFICE

GPON SPF

RECEPTICAL 1-port OLT SPF C+

GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON

OLT

LINE-CARD

serves 4 C+ PONs

Challenge in current Access Networks - small ONU count during initial deployment

Individual PON Networks

Fiber Distribution Panel


Mode Coupling Receiver (MCR) – Increasing Split Ratios in existing PON architectures

Work by Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei, France Telecom, and NeoPhotonics has resurrected an old idea, - use of a mode coupling receiver to eliminate upstream splitter loss.

1. F. Fredricx, B. De Vos, C. Bouchat, J. Watté, P. Van Overmeir, J. Vandewege, X.Z. Qiu and K. Noldus, “Solutions for Extended Split PON”, IEEE / IEICE OHAN Workshop Proceedings, Yokohama, April 2001, 4.2.1 – 4.2.7.

2. F. N. Raharimanitra, P. Chanclou, G. Perrin and M. Thual, “Demonstration Of The Use Of An Optical Fibre Combiner With Low Loss To Connect Four Single Mode Fibres To One Photo-receiver,” Access Networks and In-house Communications – 2010, paper AThC3

3. N. Cheng, Z. Liao and F. Effenberger, “Large Splitting and Long Reach Passive Optical Networks with Mode Coupling Receivers,” 36th European Conference on Optical Communications (2010), paper Tu.5.B.3

4. N. Cheng, Z. Liao, F. Effenberger and P. Chanclou, “Pay-as-You-Grow Approach for Large Scale PON Deployment,” ECOC Market Focus, Torino, 21 September 2010

5. D. Piehler, “Implementing High [> 2048] Split Ratios in any PON,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference - 2011, paper NThF4


2.5 Gb/s APD SMF–28 fiber high-Δn PIC waveguide

9.2 μm 5.3 μm MFDMFD

active area

62.5 μm

An APD presents a large target,

accommodating high-efficiency coupling

from many upstream waveguide modes.

Extending Passive Optical Networks – Mode Coupling Receiver (MCR)

The upstream loss of a PON optical splitter can be eliminated by an optical mode coupling receiver (MCR) coupling all fiber modes to a large photo-detector:

A mode coupling receiver is incurs no noise penalty for a TDMA upstream signal:


C+ outside plant w

CENTRAL OFFICE

GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON

OLT

LINE-CARD

serves 4 C+ PONs

Challenge in current Access Networks - small ONU count during initial deployment




4-port MCR OLT transceiver allows GPON line-card to serve 4 × ONUs

w

CENTRAL OFFICE

GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON

OLT

LINE-CARD

serves 16 C+ PONs

4F-Ribbon

Cable

C+ outside plant




4-port MCR OLT transceiver allows GPON line-card to serve 4 × ONUs - enabled through PIC technology

w

CENTRAL OFFICE

GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON SPF


GPON

OLT

LINE-CARD

serves 16 C+ PONs

4F-Ribbon

Cable

C+ outside plant




Summary

NG PON Architectures should protect the investment in the existing ODN as much as possible.

The known Multiplexing Techniques of TDM, WDM and FDM all show advantages and disadvantages.

Leverage advances in DSP, ADC, DAC as well as PIC technologies as much as possible.

Consider intermediate steps that address limitations in current networks like MCR for increased split ratios.

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