New World Beginnings Chapter 1 AP U.S. History. Overview By 1600 – Europe had created the world's...
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Transcript of New World Beginnings Chapter 1 AP U.S. History. Overview By 1600 – Europe had created the world's...
Overview• By 1600 – Europe had created the world's first global
economy• Greatest human catastrophe – 90% Native
Americans died, tens of millions of Africans enslaved• Major Conflict between Europeans and Native
Americans b/c of culture differences– Spain?– French?– English?
The Shaping of North America• Ice Age
• Land Bridge• Western Hemisphere – by 9,000 BC
HuntersBy 9,000 BC gone - why? 8,000 BC- 1,500 BC – lived off?
Earliest Americans• 1492 – Western Hem – 75 million Native
Americans (7-10 million in North America)• Respect for environment
– Everything – spiritual nature/alive/prayers
• Trade important– Materials, ideas, spread religious beliefs– When trade stopped, like declaring war
European Motives for Exploration in the Age of Discovery
• Nation-states sought power; competed against rivals • New technology enabled Europeans to dominate • Economics - Need for new markets esp. from the
East (e.g., spices)• Desire to Christianize new peoples• Renaissance (starting late 14th c. lasting well into
16th c.)– Atmosphere of rebirth, optimism, exploration
Europeans Enter Africa• Marco Polo• African winds – problems?• Portuguese – caravel – to help find an all-water route to Asia• African Coast – trading posts
Slavery Before Portugal – could move out of slavery After Portugal – becomes intercontinental
business, no moving out! 12 million
European Culture and Society (1492)
• 70-80% of Europeans peasants– Starving, revolts
• Increase in population (55 million in 1450 to 100 million by 1600)– “commons” taken away (enclosed)
• Towns numerous, small• Manufacturing - household workshops• Family – father most important – model God's rule
Columbus Comes Upon a New World
• Why? Wealth, glory, Christianity
• Backed by Spain – competition with Portugal• Renaissance• Page 14 ***** Changed 4 continents – KNOW!!!!!
When World’s Collide• Columbian Exchange – Chart page 15 ***** KNOW!!!• Sugar Cane• Negatives
– Entire pop. gone in 50– Weeds/animals
Encomiendas – harshly exploited Native Americans. Led to??
The Spanish Conquistadors• Balboa – Pacific Ocean• Magellan – circumnavigate • Ponce de Leon - Florida• De Soto - Southeast• Pizarro – Inca’s• Cortes – pages 20 – 21 – big religious differences
The Spread of Spanish America
• Cabot• Cartier• Spain encouraged settlement in 3 areas:
– Southeast Coast – protest fleets of gold/silver – St. Augustine, FL
– Southwest – mining– West Coast – est trade routes
across Pacific, set up missions
Footholds in North America• 1510 – flow of wealth from America to Spain
brought other Europeans• Mexico, Caribbean, some along North Am
coast• St. Augustine – only colony