英语精品课程设计

(新 视 野 英 语 教 程 )

Unit 8 Unit 8 Body Language Body Language

in in

CommunicationCommunication

Unit 8 Unit 8 Body Language Body Language

in in

CommunicationCommunication

Section A

Outline

(1) Background Information

(2) Activities

(3) Text &Detailed Study (4) Exercises

Section A Ⅰ. Background Information

Unconsciously, we all keep a comfortable distance around us when we interact with other people. This space between another person and us forms invisible walls.

The amount of space changes depending on the nature of the relationship.

?No, no. You misunderstood.

Ⅱ. Discuss these five facial expressions

happy sad

puzzle angry tired

Activity:

Now please pay attention to your classmat

es and describe how they are feeling today by t

he facial expressions or the way they sit or stan

d .

Body Language in Daily Use

We all communicate with one another using both verbal and nonverbal language. Most of the time, however, we are not even aware that we’re doing it. We move around in our chairs, gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away. These are some of the many small and radonm things we do. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to these gestures.

Every culture has its own body language, and children understand and learn its meanings, along with words. For example, a Frenchman talks and moves in French ways, while an Englishman and a male American cross their legs very differently. It is also interesting to note that in talking, Americans are likely to end a sentence with a dropping of the head or hand, as well as with a lowering of the eyelids.

They finish up a question with a raise

of the hand, a lift of the chin, or a

widening of the eyes.

What's more, there are regional phrases too; an expert can

sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way a

person uses his or her eyebrows during conversations.

Everything from your sex, racial background, social class, and

communication style all influences your body language .

A person who truly knows two languages uses both body languages too. A good example of this is New York's famous mayor, Fiorello La Guardia, who communicated in English, Italian and Yiddish. When films of his speeches are run without sound, it's not too difficult to tell from his gestures the language being spoken. In fact, one of the reasons English-dubbed foreign films often seem flat is that the gestures just don't match the language.

Usually, our body language acts to further emphasize our words. What the nonverbal gestures put across very often and very efficiently is the emotional side of the message. This is clear when a person feels liked or disliked, as he or she will often communicate emotion "not in what is said but in the way it is said."

Psychologist Albert Mehrabian invented this rule:Total communication = 7 percent verbal + 38 percentoral + 55 percent facial. It shows the importance of bodylanguage. But experts in the study of communication through body movement are not yet prepared to spell out an exact dictionary of gestures, as body movements can mean many things. For example, a student in conversationwith a professor may hold the older person's eyes a little longer than usual. This gesture can be a sign of respect and love; it can be a small challenge to theprofessor's authority; or it can be something elseentirely.

Language points1.Most of the time, however, we are not even aware that we’re d

oing it. Meaning: But, nearly all the time, we don’t even realize that we

are using body language to communicate with one another.2. gesture

v. call or direct with a movement of the body He gestured angrily at me.n. [C; U] (an example of ) the use of movement of the body, especially of the hands, to express a certain meaning

gesture language 手语He made an angry gesture.

3.along with together with 跟……一块；同时

Along with the questions there are answers. We have a phone dating service along with a common dating se

rvice.

4. end with: bring something to an end with something or doing something 以……结束He ended his speech with "Thanks".

We'll have some nice cheese to end with.

5. They finish up a question with a raise of the hand, a lift of the

chin, or a widening of the eyes.

Meaning: They ended a question by raising one of their hands,

raising their chin, or opening their eyes widely.

finish up: be in the end (in the stated place, condition, etc.)

Having no children or relatives, the old couple thought they

would finish up in loneliness.

Without the police, I would have finished up being drowned.

6. What's more, there are regional phrases too; an expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way a person uses his or her eyebrows during conversations. Meaning: And this is more important: there are also phrases that are used in particular places.

what is more: also, and more importantly 而且；更重要的是The price they charged was reasonable, and what’s more, the service was good. 他们收费合理，而且服务也好。She is rich, and what’s more, she is generous in helping the poor. 她很富有，而且她还乐于救济穷人。

7. pick out: 1) recognize; see someone or something clearly among others She picked out the suspect in the crowd. Try to pick me out in this old photograph. 2) choose something or someone specially or carefully from a

group He picked out a book for his mother as a birthday present. Please pick one out.

8. Tell from: 从…中辨认出 In English, it is easy to tell what part of the country someone wa

s born in, from his speech. I could tell that you were lying from the look on your face.

9. In fact, one of the reasons English-dubbed foreign films often seem flat is that the gestures just don't match the language. Meaning: Actually, foreign films dubbed in English often seem rather dull. One of the reasons for this is that the gestures in the original films don't go with English.

10. What the nonverbal gestures put across very often and very efficiently is the emotional side of the message. Meaning: Very often a person‘s feelings can be understood better through his nonverbal gestures.put across: 表达；使（自己的想法，感情等）被了解The teacher knows how to put his thoughts across. She is good at putting her feelings across.

11. This is clear when a person feels liked or disliked, as he or she will often communicate emotion "not in what is said but in the way it is said." Meaning: You can easily know a person's feelings because he or she will often communicate them by using gestures along with words.

12. Psychologist Albert Mehrabian invented this rule: Total communication = 7 percent verbal + 38 percent oral + 55 percent facial. Meaning: Psychologist Albert Mehrabian created the following rule: the complete amount of a person's communication is made up of seven per cent of words in written form, thirty-eight per cent of words in spoken form and fifty-five per cent of feelings shown on his face.

13. But experts in the study of communication through body movement are not yet prepared to spell out an exact dictionary of gestures, as body movements can mean many things. Meaning: But experts, who study people's communication through body movement, are not yet ready to produce a real dictionary of gestures, because body movements can have different meanings.

spell out : write or explain in the most detailed way 详细编写； It will be a great job to spell out a dictionary of body language.

14. For example, a student in conversation with a professor may hol

d the older person's eyes a little longer than usual.

Meaning: For instance, a student, who is talking with a professor,

may keep looking at the professor's eyes a little longer than he

usually does.

in conversation with: talking with 与……谈话I saw her in conversation with a young man in the meeting room.

He didn‘t notice me coming into the room as he was in conversat

ion with a pretty girl.

ExercisesⅠ. Using the Right Word (1)Born deaf, she could not use language to communicate with us. A. nonverbal B. verbal C. foreign D. body (2)Being a of America, the famous movie star decided to run for US president. A. native B. male C. original D. female (3)One cannot across his thoughts to others well if he doesn’t master enough words. A. pass B. hand C. transport D. behind

B

A

D

4.Could you give me more of his information before I agree to interview him?

A. background B. underground C. back D. behind5.His expression shows that he is unhappy about that. A. body B. hand C. facial D. verbal6. Mum always tells me to work more so that I can have

more time to play and relax. A. efficient B. easily C. ease D. efficiently7. Though defeated, the guest team us to another match this

Saturday. A. changed B. wanted C. challenged D. made8. The teacher granted her the to be in charge of Group

One at the spring-outing. A. ability B. authority C. certificate D. authorities

A

D

D

C

A

Ⅱ.Working with ExpressionsFill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitablepreposition or adverb.1.Our teacher usually finishes each of her sentences by looking straight into one of the students’ eyes.2.One psychologist concludes if a person uses too many gestures while conversation others, it shows that he or she is not sure of himself or herself.3. She speaks with standard British English pronunciation, so I can easily pick her nationality.4. Failing to put what she really wanted to say, the old woman finally drew a picture.

up

in with

out

across

5. Tom found it difficult to communicate his great grandfather.

6. The publishing house called together many experts to spell a completely new book on grammar.7. My grandparents enjoy listening to classical music, along dancing. 8. She must have told us a lie, because she looked .

quickly.

with

out

withaway

Ⅲ.Translation A. Translate the following into English. (1) 在西方人看来 , 与人交谈时不看着对方的眼睛是很 不礼貌的 .

(2) 有的手势在不同的文化中表达的意思完全相反。

(3) 库克先生不仅能左手使筷子 , 而且还能用左手写字。

(4) 他的有点之一就是敢于向权威挑战 .

In different cultures, some gestures have entirely different meanings.

Mr. Cook can use chopsticks with his left hand, and what’s more, heCan write with his left hand, too.

One of his strong points is that he dares to challenge the authority.

To westerners. It is very impolite not to look at his or her eyes while having a conversation with his or her.

B. Translate the following into Chinese.

(1)It is also interesting to note that in talking, Americans are likely to end a sentence with a dropping of the head or hand, as well as with a lowering of the eyelids.

(2)Everything from your sex, racial background, social class, and communication style influences your body language.

同样能有趣地发现，美国人讲完一句话时可能低一头或垂一下手，也可能垂一下眼帘。

你的性别，你的种族背景，你所属的社会阶层，你的交际风格，这一切都会影响你的肢体语言。

(3) What the nonverbal gestures put across very often and very efficiently is the emotional side of the message.

(4) Total communication=7 percent verbal +38 percent oral + 55 percent facial.

非言语的手势极其频繁而且极其有效地传递的是情感方面的信息。

总交流量＝ 7 ％的文字交流＋ 38 ％的口头交流＋ 55 ％的面部表情交流。

Section B

Outline(1)Warm up (2) Discussion

(3) Text& Detailed study (4)Exercises

Section BUsing Gestures to

CommunicateⅠ. Warm up Now please look at the following pictures of

gestures, then tell the class what each of them means.

1. “Thumbs-down”: it would be understood as a rejection or refusal.

2.This picture shows: OK3.This picture shows: Victory

4. “stroking the chin”: the person is thinking carefully about a problem

5. In Arab world, it means: “wait” or “slowly” In Italy, it means: “insulting”

Discussion:

Do people from different parts of the

world use different body language?

Strange things can happen when

body language is used across

cultures!

Using Gestures to Communicate

Do people use gestures in your country? Are they being polite or impolite, friendly or unfriendly when the use them? Have you ever been offended by a foreigner using a wrong gesture in your country? Have you ever upset a foreigner by using a nonverbal sign that is considered to be polite or friendly in your own culture? Before you answer these questions, look at the following funny, and sometimes dangerous, situations where the same gestures mean very different things across cultures.

Story 1 A Japanese man asks an American passenger whether the airport has a luggage-trolley service. The American wants to say that there is not only a trolley service, but that it is FREE! So he replies with the famous "A-OK" ring gesture. To the Japanese, however, this means "money" and the Japanese man concludes that there is a significant charge for the service. Meanwhile,

a Tunisian observer thinks the American is telling the Japanese man that he is a worthless thief and that he is going to kill him. What confusion!

Story 2 A Sardinian woman asks a man if it is easy to find a taxi at Heathrow Airport. The answer she gets is a cheerful British thumbs-up. Immediately, she hits the poor man with her handbag for making such a rude suggestion. This is an example of why, incidentally, it's not a very good idea to go hitchhiking in Sardinia.

Story 3 Glancing around a restaurant in the airport, a Frenchman remarks wonderingly to his wife, "Do you know how much this airport cost the British taxpayers? Nothing!" He then makes a finger and thumb ring, meaning "zero". Unfortunately, at the same time, the Frenchman is glancing at a Colombian who is enjoying a fine wine with his dinner. The Colombian is made very angry by the mean gesture because he believes it is directed at him.

So he swallows his wine the wrong way and holds his nose between his finger and thumb.

Yet this gesture horrifies a

Syrian sitting opposite the

Colombian because he thinks

he is being told to "go to hell".

Thanks to a Greek friend, the

Syrian is held back, with great difficulty, from getting up and hitting the Colombian on the nose.

Meanwhile, the restaurant owner hurries over and attempts to calm the men, holding out both of his hands. This, of course, is taken by the Greek to be a double "moutza" and, in his anger, he instantly tries to kill the unfortunate man with his fish knife! So you see, the lesson from all these stories is that one should be careful with one's own body language, especially when one communicates with a foreigner!

Language points1. offend: vt.1) hurt the fellings of; upset; cause displeasure to be offended at something e.g. I hope what I said did not offend you; and I beg for your forgi

veness if I really did. He didn’t mean to offend you by doing that. 2) do wrong e.g. Doing this is offending the natural law. Drunk driving offends traffic rules.

2. upset: vt.1) Cause to worry, be sad, be angry, not be calm, etc. distress e.g. It upset him to know that his classmates would not support him.2). cause to fall over, turn over, or overflow, usually accidentally, causi

ng damage, loss, etc. 打翻 ; 使倾覆 e.g. I upset the soup all over the table. The wind will upset the boat.

3.conclude v.

1).come to believe after consideration of known facts; reach a de

cision or judgment (that) 作出结论；推断出We conclude that... 我们断定……It is hard to conclude.

2).(cause to) come to an end 结束；终止

conclude a speech 结束演说To conclude, I wish you all good health and a long life.

4. remark v. (on/upon) give as an opinion 谈论；评论When getting old, I couldn‘t help remarking on her youth. The local newspapers remarked that the situation wouldn’t improve. n. [C] a spoken or written opinion 谈论；评论

He has an offensive remark on/about her appearance.The film was too bad to be worthy of remark.

5. swallow vt. move (food or drink) down the throat from the mouth and towards the stomach 吞下；咽下swallow a mouthful of soup 咽下一大口汤He swallowed his food and left in a hurry.

6.direct:vt. 1.) turn or aim (remarks, movement, etc.) in the stated direction 对准……目标；针对

A child's first expression of love will usually be directed to his mother. Was that remark directed at me? 2). be in charge of; manage 管理；指导Students in the Council should help direct school business. adj. & adv. straight; without any other person, reason, etc.

coming in between; (of people or their manner) honest 笔直的（地）；直接的（地）

There is nothing directed to show that he is the thief. be directed at be aimed at 针对……

His letter is mainly directed at me.My words are not directed at anybody.

7.calm A. v. make quiet and untroubled （使）平静；（使）镇静

Calm down—we will find the way out. Milk will calm a crying baby.

B. adj. 1). free from excitement or strong feeling; quiet and untroubled 镇静的；心平气和的

The manager asked his men to keep calm. 2). (of weather) not windy; (of water) smooth; still （天气）无风 的 ,（水面）平静的；风平浪静的 I won’t go surfing on the calm sea. It became calm after the storm.

8.anger A. n. [U] a strong and sometimes violent feeling of displeasure 愤怒；怒气Her sudden anger confused all of us. suppressed anger

B. vt. make angry 使发怒 ; 激怒 Some young people's clothes or hairstyles anger their parents.

He made an offensive remark that angered his co-worker.

9. glance at give a quick short look at 瞥视；匆匆一看

I glanced at my watch several times while waiting. Glancing at the title, I know what the book is about.

10.thanks to: because of 由于；多亏The company has had a successful year, thanks to the new measures. Thanks to your money, the business is saved.

11.hold back from: prevent from 阻止 ; 阻挡He tried hard to hold himself back from getting the dirty money. The passengers were held back from flooding into the subway.

12. be careful with: take care of 小心Be careful with both work and health. One has to be careful with the use of fire.

ExercisesI. Using the Right Word

Choose the best item to complete each of the following sentences.1.You must have said something to her , as she was crying after talking with you. A. defend B. offend C. confuse D. direct2.Do you know why she looks so ? She got high marks in the final examinations. A. cheerful B. sad C. angry D. confused3. In America, making the gesture means “very good”. A. thumbs-down B. small fingers-down C. small fingers-up D. thumbs-up

B

A

D

4. I didn’t have enough strength to him back from beating a man in this way.

A. put B. directly C. hold D.catch5.The country has experienced changes since the economi

c reform. A. little B. directly C. instantly D.significant6.We’ve had many in working out this problem, so we need

your help. A. difficulties B. horror C. trouble D. issues7. This young man always thinks differently from the others, and wh

at’s more, he even behaves in the way. A. against B. opposite C. across D. another8. Without careful scientific research, how can they that ther

e is no life on that planet? A. draw B. include C. result D.conclude

C

D

A

B

D

II. Working with ExpressionsFill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with asuitable preposition or adverb.1.Maybe the man said something to upset the lady beside him as he suddenly got a hit the chin.2.The man tried very hard to hold the two boys back fighting with each other.3.She noticed a man dressed in a black suit glancing her.4.Thanks Tom’s help, I could finish my work in time.5.She wrongly believed that the gesture was directed her.

onfrom

attoat

6. When asked if it was all right to sit beside him, the man replied a gesture of “A-OK”.7. One should be careful gestures when communicating

with foreigners.8. Our class challenged the school champion a football

match yesterday.

withwith

to

Sentence structureA. Rewrite the following sentences after the models,

using the expression “along with”.Model 1: Model 1:

I received a letter from a friend of mine yesterday. There were some photos together with the letter. I received a letter from a friend of mine yesterday, along with some photosModel 2:

I went to an exhibition yesterday. I went there with my

classmates. Yesterday, I went to an exhibition along with my classmates.

1. Small kids learn a lot of stories from their grannies. They also learn many words from

them.

2. Last month Mr. Smith went on vacation. His wife went with him.

3. The teacher took a portable computer into the classroom. He took a tape recorder, too.

Small kids learn a lot of stories from their grannies, along with many words.

Last month Mr. Smith went on vacation, along with his wife.

The teacher took a potable computer into the classroom, along with a tape recorder.

B. Rewrite the following sentences after the models, using

the expression “thanks to”. Model 1: The young man offered me a seat, so I did

not faint on the bus. Thanks to the seat offered by the young man,

I did not faint on the bus. Model 2: Because he was so careful, the little baby was saved. Thanks to his carefulness, the little baby was saved.

1. I did not get wet in the rain, for I brought an umbrella with me.

2. As they called a taxi, they were able to catch the train.

3. A kind man gave her a large sum of money, so her business was saved.

Thanks to the umbrella I brought with me, I did not get wet in the rain.

Thanks to the taxi they called, they were able to catch the train.

Thanks to the large sum of money a kind man gave her, her business was saved.

Sample 1

Telephone MessageTo: Claire Patterson in your absenceMr/ Mrs/ Miss Isaacsof The ExpressTelephone No.: 0799 267698 and left the following messageShe’s a reporter from the Express and she’s rung three times. Says it can’t wait. Something about an alarm system we sold that didn’t work. PLS. Phone her back. Signed: CharlesDate: Monday ,12th Feb. Time: 16:30

Sample 2

Stephy,

Please call Edward Boyle at 1865405001 about y

our order for 50 computers. It’s very urgent.

Mary

Notes on the samples 电话留言应包括 : 来电日期﹑时间﹑来电者的姓名﹑来电内容﹑来电者的电话号码﹑电话留言记录者的名字等。电话留言可以用公司或机构专用的电话留言（如Sample1 ），或者采用便条形式（如Sample2 ）。电话留言的语言应简练，常用简略结构，如省略主语﹑冠词及使用缩略语等。

Use the information below and fill out the telephone message form.

The date is July 4th,2004. while Mr. Bush was away, Mr. Peter Schulz called from Vienna. Mr. Schulz asked Mr. Bush to call back today before 4:00 pm or any time tomorrow. The telephone number is 01-4659924. Mr. Schulz would like to negotiate the discount . The message was taken by Barbara Sanders.

TO: (1) .Date: (2) .Message: (3) .

.

.

.

Message taken by:(4) .

Mr. Bush

July 4th, 2004

Mr. Peter Schulz called from Vienna.

Please call him today before 4:00pm or

on 01-4659924. He would like to negotiate the discount

with you.

Barbara Sanders

any time tomorrow