NEVADO DE RUIZ. Terremotos en el mundo entre el 1 y 7 de febrero del 2008 .
Nevado Ruiz Armero
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Transcript of Nevado Ruiz Armero
![Page 1: Nevado Ruiz Armero](https://reader035.fdocument.pub/reader035/viewer/2022081420/58f1b0631a28ab95788b45a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nevado Del Ruiz Eruption 1985
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Andean Volcanic Belt• Most northern
Volcano on Andean Volcanic Belt
• Plate boundaries: – Nazca plate, – Antarctic plate, – South American
plate
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Volcanic Belt• Nazca Plate
Subducts under S.A. Plate and Antarctic plate
• Contains active and dormant volcanoes
• High level of activity provides power and hot water to homes in the area.
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Nevado Del Ruiz Volcano• Stratovolcano• Active for nearly 2
million years• Composed of layered
lava – Alternating with hardend
volcanic ash and other pyroclastic rock
• Explosive eruption, high silica lava
Nevado Del Ruiz Mountain peak
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Signs of Volcanic Activity
• Nov. 1984 signs of small earth quakes
• Fumarole that spew steam and gas were detected near the summit
• Sept 11, 1985 large ejection of ash from the peak of the volcano
• Nov 10, 1985 signs of magma movement and tremors
An Italian volcanological mission analyzed gas samples from fumaroles.They reported the risk of lahars to be very high
Example Fumardes
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No Warning, No evacuation• Clear signs of an Active
Volcano – there was no evaluation
• Authorities would not take costly preventative measures to evacuate
• Last eruption over 140 years ago, – people thought there was
no danger• Armero's mayor and a
priest reassure city after an ash eruption– On the afternoon of
November 13•
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Plinian eruption
• Type of Eruption that was produced on 1985
• Columns of volcanic ash and gas
• Ejection of pumice• Causes Lahars • Caused most of the damage
and death 1985 eruption.
pumice
Example of Plinian Eruption
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Lahar • Land flow or land slide,
composed of pyroclastic material and water
• Buried the city• Caused by a small eruption• Deadliest lahar in recorded
history• Over 23,000 deaths
Armero in Colombia after the 1985 eruption
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Eruption• At 9:09 pm, on November 13, 1985• Total mass ejected: 35 million tons
– relatively small (3% of amount ejected from Mount St. Helens.)
Nevado Del Ruiz Caldera
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Eruption continued• Pyroclastic flow melted snow and glacier
ice – Happened near summit, causing the Lahar
• virtually erased the small town of Armero, in the Lagunilla River valley
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Impact to Armero
• At the time Armero's population was 28,700
• Over 23,000 were killed
• 5,000 were injured• 5,000 homes
destroyed
Aftermath Of Armero
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Impact continued• 2nd deadliest volcanic disaster in the 20th
century • The estimated cost of the disaster is
$1,000,000,000
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Sources • http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/
how_volcanoes_work/Nevado.html• http://www.csmonitor.com/1985/1119/
acolum.html• http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Colombia/
Ruiz/description_eruption_lahar_1985.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz• Link to blog: http://armero1985.wordpress.com/