Neka nu me uci Da me ne zaboraviš So you don’t forget me · Provodi se u Hrvatskoj i u New Yorku...
114
Neka nu me uci... Da me ne zaboraviš... So you don’t forget me...
Transcript of Neka nu me uci Da me ne zaboraviš So you don’t forget me · Provodi se u Hrvatskoj i u New Yorku...
Neka nu me uci... Da me ne zaboraviš...
So you don’t forget me...
Nek
a nu
me
uci..
. Da
me
ne za
bora
viš...
So
you
don’
t for
get m
e...
ISBN 978-953-55781-2-3
Cijena u Hrvatskoj 70 Kn
Neka nu me uci... Da me ne zaboraviš...
So you don’t forget me...
2
Izdavač/PublisherTragovi – Udruga za dokumentiranje i istraživanje jezika i kulture Istre i Kvarnera
Traces – Association for the study and documentation of the languages and culture of Istria and Kvarner
Urednica/EditorZvjezdana Vrzić
Prijevod na engleski/Translation to EnglishBeti Gal-JurićZvjezdana Vrzić
Dizajn kataloga/Catalogue designVesna Rožman
Tisak/Printed byZambelli, Rijeka
Naklada/Circulation500 primjeraka/copies
Copyright © 2012 Udruga Tragovi, ostale ustanove i pojedinci koji su ustupili fotografije na skeniranje te autori/Traces Association, other institutions and individuals who permitted the scanning of photographs, and authors.
ISBN 978-953-55781-2-3
CIP zapis je dostupan u računalnom katalogu
Sveučilišne knjižnice Rijeka pod brojem
3
Neka nu me uci... Da me ne zaboraviš...
So you don’t forget me...Fotografski zapisi života Šušnjevice i okolice te Žejana, iz digitalne arhive projekta
O~uvanje vlaškog i žejanskog jezika
Photographic records of the life of Šušnjevica, its surroundings, and Žejane, from the digital archive of the project Preservation of the Vlashki and Zheyanski Language
4
Autori izložbe/CuratorsZvjezdana VrzićViviana Brkarić (Šušnjevica i okolica/Šušnjevica and surroundings)Robert Doričić (Žejane)
Istraživači/ResearchersZvjezdana VrzićViviana Brkarić (Šušnjevica i okolica/Šušnjevica and surroundings)Robert Doričić (Žejane)
Postav/Exhibition designJolanda TodorovićVesna Rožman
Grafički dizajn/Graphic designVesna Rožman
Organizator izložbe i nositelj projekta/Exhibition organizer and project coordinatorTragovi – Udruga za istraživanje i dokumentiranje jezika i kulture Istre i KvarneraTraces – Association for the study and documentation of the languages and culture of Istria and Kvarner
Izradu izložbe i kataloga omogućili su/Financial support for the exhibition and catalogue byMinistarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske/Ministry of Culture of the Republic of CroatiaIstarska županija – Regione istriana/Istrian RegionPrimorsko-goranska županija/Primorsko-goranska RegionOpćina Matulji/County of MatuljiOpćina Kršan/County of Kršan
Uvodna riječ/Introduction 7
Šušnjevica i okolica /Šušnjevica and surroundings 9
Nostre selišta de månće/Naša sela nekad/Our villages in the past 10
Lukrurle de saka zi /Svakodnevni poslovi/Everyday jobs 20
Feštele/Proslave/Celebrations 30
Ân škola/U školi/In school 40
Pre lume/U svijetu/In the world 50
Žejane 61
A nostra selište de månće/Naše selo nekad/Our village in the past 62
Lukrurle de saka zi/Svakodnevni poslovi/Everyday jobs 72
Feštele/Proslave/Celebrations 82
Ân šula/U školi/In school 92
Ân svit/U svijetu/In the world 102
6
Ovo izdanje prati izložbu otvorenu u rodnim selima govornika vlaškog i žejanskog jezika u Šušnjevici od 12. kolovoza do 30. rujna 2012. i Žejanama od 11. kolovoza do 30. rujna 2012. Izložba je predstavljena i u Centru za nematerijalnu kulturu Istre Etnografskog muzeja Istre/Centro per la cultura immateriale dell’Istria del Museo etnografico dell’Istria u Pićnu od 5. listopada do 5. studenoga 2012., u Izložbenom salonu Filodrammatice u Rijeci od 27. studenoga do 7. prosinca 2012. te u Izložbenom prostoru Galerije Laurus od 15. prosinca 2012. do 10. siječnja 2013. Od početka 2013. godine izložba će biti trajno postavljena u zavičajnim centrima u Šušnjevici i Žejanama.
Izložba je pripremljena u sklopu projekta Očuvanje vlaškog i žejanskog jezika cilj kojega je cjelovito znanstveno dokumentiranje i opisivanje visoko ugroženoga vlaškog i žejanskog jezika. Projekt je osmišljen tako da bude u skladu s potrebama i interesima zajednice i sadrži niz aktivnosti vezanih uz očuvanje jezika. Provodi se u Hrvatskoj i u New Yorku od 2005. godine. Za više informacija o jeziku, zajednici i ovom projektu, posjetite webstranice www.vlaskizejanski.com.
This publication accompanies the exhibition opened in the native villages of the Vlashki and Zheyanski lan-guage speakers in Šušnjevica from August 12, to Sep-tember 30, 2012 and in Žejane from August 11, to Sep-tember 30, 2012. The exhibition was also shown in the Centre for Intangible Culture of Istria of the Ethno-graphic Museum of Istria/Centro per la cultura imma-teriale dell’Istria del Museo etnografico dell’Istria in Pićan from October 5, to November 5, 2012; in the Gal-lery space Filodrammatica in Rijeka from November 27, to December 7, 2012; and in the Gallery space Lau-rus Gallery from December 15, 2012 to January 10, 2013. From the beginning of 2013 onwards, the exhibi-tion will be permanently displayed in the heritage cen-ters in Šušnjevica and Žejane.
The exhibition was prepared in the scope of the project Preservation of the Vlashki and Zheyanski Language. The project’s goal is the comprehensive scientific documen-tation and description of the severely endangered Vlashki and Zheyanski language. The project also aims to meet the needs and interests of this community and incorporates a number of activities related to the pres-ervation of the language. It has been carried out in Croatia and in New York since 2005. For more informa-tion about the language, community and this project, visit the project website at www.vlaski-zejanski.com.
7
Ova izložba predstavlja izbor iz digitalne fotoarhive projekta Očuvanje vlaškog i žejanskog jezika, u sklopu kojega se već nekoliko godina radi na dokumentiranju i očuvanju vlaškog i žejanskog jezika, jednog od najugro-ženijih jezika Istre. Taj jezik, u znanosti poznat i pod nazivom "istrorumunjski", govori se u mjestu Žejane, u planinskom dijelu sjeverne Istre te mjestima Šušnjevi-ca, Brdo, Kostrčan, Zankovci, Letaj, Nova Vas i Jeseno-vik oko Čepićkog polja.
Fotografije pričaju priču o svakodnevnom životu tipično istarske i istovremeno sasvim osebujne zajednice u prvih šest desetljeća 20. stoljeća. Neosporna pripadnost istar-skom zavičaju i kulturnom i povijesnom okruženju, u ovoj se zajednici susreće sa zanimljivom jezičnom poseb-nošću.
Preci govornika vlaškog i žejanskog, dviju varijanti istog jezika, doselili su u Istru u većim skupinama po-četkom 16. stoljeća, a prije toga su nekoliko stoljeća nastanjivali razne predjele Dalmacije. Svoje porijeklo vuku od balkanskih Vlaha, drevnoga nomadskog sto-čarskog stanovništva romaniziranog u vrijeme kada su tu bile rimske provincije.
Tijekom stoljeća, pripadnici ove malobrojne jezične en-klave integrirali su se u život Istre, počeli dijeliti sa svojim
Uvodna rije~ Introduction
This exhibition represents a selection from the digital photo-archive of the project Preservation of the Vlashki and Zheyanski Language. For a number of years, the work on documenting and preserving the Vlashki and Zhey-anski language, one of the most endangered languages in Istria, has been carried out within the scope of the project. This language, known scientifically under the name "Istro-Romanian", is spoken in the village of Žeja-ne, in the mountainous part of Northern Istria, and the villages of Šušnjevica, Brdo, Kostrčan, Zankovci, Letaj, Nova Vas, and Jesenovik, surrounding the Čepić Valley.
The photographs tell a story about everyday life in a typically Istrian, and yet very unique, community dur-ing the first six decades of the 20th century. The indis-putable affiliation to the Istrian region and its cultural and historical landscape is intertwined in this commu-nity with a remarkable linguistic difference.
The ancestors of the speakers of Vlashki and Zheyanski, two variants of the same language, settled in Istria in larger groups at the beginning of the 16th century, after inhabiting various areas of Dalmatia for several centu-ries. They originated from the Balkan Vlachs, an ancient nomadic cattle-breeding population romanized during the time when this region was part of Roman provinces.
Over the centuries, the members of this small language enclave integrated into Istrian life. They began to share the local culture and traditions with their neighbors, and adopted bilingualism. Today, at the beginning of
8
susjedima lokalnu kulturu i tradicije te usvojili dvojezič-nost. Danas, na početku dvadeset i prvog stoljeća, činje-nica da je njihov jezik opstao gotovo iznenađuje te, nada-mo se, govori protiv neizbježnosti njegova gubljenja.
Većina fotografija na izložbi, osobito one napravljene nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata, potječe iz privatnih fo-toalbuma naših kazivača i njihovih obitelji i napravljene su amaterskom rukom. Njihova spontanost bez dvojbe upućuje na važnost zabilježenih trenutaka u životu po-jedinaca, obitelji i mjesta. Veći dio podataka o lokalnom životu, koje prilažemo uz fotografije, proizlazi iz razgo-vora s mještanima pa njih smatramo stvarnim autori-ma ove izložbe i zahvaljujemo im na spremnosti da svo-ja sjećanja podijele s drugima.
Autori, 2012.
the twenty-first century, the extraordinary fact of the survival of their language is almost surprising and, we hope, speaks against the inevitability of its loss.
Most of the photographs in the exhibition, especially those taken after World War Two, come from the pri-vate photo-albums of our storytellers and their fami-lies, and were taken by amateurs. Without a doubt, their spontaneity highlights the importance that the captured moments have had in the lives of individuals, families and localities. The majority of the descriptive details about local life, which accompany the photo-graphs, came from conversations with local inhabit-ants. For this reason, we consider them the true au-thors of this exhibition and we thank them for their readiness to share their memories with others.
Authors, 2012
9
ŠuŠNjevica i okolicaŠuŠNjevica aND SurrouNDiNgS
Nos
tre
seliš
ta d
e m
ånće
– N
aša
sela
nek
ad –
Our
vill
ages
in th
e pa
st
10
Pogled na ulazak u Brdo s mještanima, Brdo, 1887. go-dine. Na ovoj rijetkoj razglednici Brda, vidi se trideset-petmetarski zvonik, sagrađen 1782. godine, s kapelom, te velika župna kuća (farož). Danas od župne kuće preo-staju samo ruševine, jer su je 1943. godine spalili Ni-jemci. Ispred župne kuće je svećenik Francesco Marotti.
(Antonio Dianich, od majke od Petrhulji iz Brda i oca od Šćavini iz Šušnjevice, Pisa)
View of the entrance to Brdo with villagers, Brdo, 1887. On this rare postcard of Brdo, one can see the thirty five-meter-high bell tower built in 1782 with the chapel and the large rectory (farož). Today only the ruins of the rectory remain because it was burnt by the Germans in 1943. Standing in front of the rectory is the priest Francesco Marotti. (Antonio Dianich, whose mother was from the Petrhulji family from Brdo and father from the Šćavini family from Šušnjevica, Pisa)
11
Pogled na glavnu cestu kroz Šušnjevicu, lijevo od križa-nja (križera) na ulasku u mjesto, 1933. godine. Između dva svjetska rata, za vrijeme talijanske uprave, Šušnje-vica je, pod imenom "Valdarsa", bila sjedište općine i malo gospodarsko središte vlaški govorećeg kraja. Tu su bile tri trgovine, dvije mesnice, dvije kovačnice, posto-lar, pošta, ambulanta, četiri gostionice i pansion, kao i općinska uprava (podešterija) u zgradi današnjeg Mje-snog odbora i pošte. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friu-lana, snimio Ugo Pellis, 1477)
Nos
tre
seliš
ta d
e m
ånće
– N
aša
sela
nek
ad –
Our
vill
ages
in th
e pa
st
View of the main road through Šušnjevica, to the left of the intersection (križera) at the entrance to the locality, 1933. Between the two World Wars, during Italian rule, Šušnjevica, under the name "Valdarsa", was the seat of the municipality and small economic centre of the Vlash-ki-speaking region. Here there were three stores, two butcher shops, two blacksmiths, a shoemaker, post of-fice, a physician’s office, four taverns and an inn, as well as the municipal administration (podešterija) in the building of the present-day town council and post office.(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Fri-ulana, photographed by Ugo Pellis, 1477)
12
Nos
tre
seliš
ta d
e m
ånće
– N
aša
sela
nek
ad –
Our
vill
ages
in th
e pa
st
Djeca pred križem i kapelicom (piljiću) kod mjesnog boćališta, uništenim nakon Drugog svjet-skog rata, Šušnjevica, 1933. Za Tijelovo procesija mještana pre-lazila je put od oko 1,5 km od crkve Svetog Ivana Krstitelja u Šušnjevici do crkve Svetog Du ha u Novoj Vasi. Putem se procesi-ja zaustavljala kod brojnih kape-lica, koje su mještanke za prili-ku ukrašavale cvijećem. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Itali-ano – Società Filologica Friulana, sni-mio Ugo Pellis, 2246)
Children in front of the crucifix and a small chapel (piljiću) near the local bocce court, destroyed after World War Two, Šušnjevica, 1933. During the Feast of Corpus Christi, the procession of villagers would traverse a journey of about 1.5 kilometers from the Church of St. John the Baptist in Šušnjevica to the Church of the Holy Spirit in Nova Vas. Along the way, the procession stopped at numerous chapels that the village women decorated with flowers for this occasion. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friulana, photo-graph by Ugo Pellis, 2246)
13N
ostr
e se
lišta
de
mån
će –
Naš
a se
la n
ekad
– O
ur v
illag
es in
the
past
Mještani ispred kuće i štaglja (vožnjaku) pokrivenog sla-mnatim krovom (striha), Šušnjevica, 1933. U štaglju su kolica s bačvom, kojima se išlo po vodu na potok ili na izvor Beka, gdje je voda i usred ljeta izvirala hladna kao led. Tipična kamena jednokatnica s vanjskim stepenica-ma (baladur), pokrivena crijepom, spojena je sa štalom sa sjenikom. Krovovi od crijepa postali su opća pojava tek poslije Drugog svjetskog rata. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friu-lana, snimio Ugo Pellis, 2250)
Villagers in front of a house and barn (vožnjaku) cov-ered with a thatch roof (striha), Šušnjevica, 1933. In the barn is a cart with a barrel which was used to get water from the stream or the spring Beka, where even in the middle of summer water would spring forth as cold as ice. A typical stone, single-storey house with exterior stairs (baladur), covered with roof tiles, is connected to a stable with a threshing barn. Tiled roofs became com-mon only after World War Two. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Fri-ulana, photograph by Ugo Pellis, 2250)
14
Nos
tre
seliš
ta d
e m
ånće
– N
aša
sela
nek
ad –
Our
vill
ages
in th
e pa
st
Kuća lu Rošo/Rošeti, pored škole, kada je u kući (cåsa) bila gostiona, trgovina i pansion na prvom katu, Šuš-njevica, 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Kuću je sagradio i po-slove vodio Ivan Brkarić (Gianni Berkarich) lu Rošo/od Rošeti, rođen 1886. godine, sa svojim bratom, uz po-moć ušteđevine stečene radom u SAD-u. Natpisi na kući su na talijanskom i rumunjskom jeziku (ospâtâria), jer je talijanska vlast podržavala nastojanje da se vlaški jezik poistovjeti s rumunjskim jezikom. (Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
The house lu Rošo/Rošeti next to the school, when the house (cåsa) was home to a restaurant, a store and an inn on the first floor, Šušnjevica, in the 1930’s. The house was built and the business managed by Ivan Brkarić (Gianni Berkarich) lu Rošo/of Rošeti, born in 1886, and his brother, using money saved while work-ing in the USA. The inscriptions on the house are in the Italian and Romanian languages (ospâtâria) because the Italian authorities supported attempts to equate the Vlashki language with the Romanian language. (Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
15N
ostr
e se
lišta
de
mån
će –
Naš
a se
la n
ekad
– O
ur v
illag
es in
the
past
Pogled na put (kåla) i grupu kamenih kuća, Nova Vas, ranih 60-ih godina. 20. stoljeća. Ispred kuće la Brijån-ka/kod Brijanke, s nadodanim kamenim svinjcem (hli-vu), je Ivana Mikleuš lu Ćuku/od Ćuki. U prednjem pla-nu, s gitarom, je njen unuk Pepo, a iza njega u pozadini je kuća lu Jåče/od Jačeti. Obitelj lu Jåče imala je prvu cisternu za vodu (šterna) u selu, sada staru stotinjak go-dina. Cisterne su postale raširenija pojava u ovim seli-ma tek 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. (Marija Cvečić, Nova Vas)
View of the road (kåla) and group of stone houses, Nova Vas, early 1960’s. In front of the house la Brijånka/at Brijanka’s, with an adjoining stone pig sty (hliv), is Iva-na Mikleuš lu Ćuku/of Ćuki. In the forefront, with a guitar, is her grandson Pepo, while behind him in the background is the house lu Jåče/of Jačeti. The family lu Jåče had the first water cistern (šterna) in the village, which is now a hundred years old. Water cisterns became more widespread in these villages only in the 1960’s. (Marija Cvečić, Nova Vas)
16
Nos
tre
seliš
ta d
e m
ånće
– N
aša
sela
nek
ad –
Our
vill
ages
in th
e pa
st
Susjedi na okupu ispred kuće sa slamnatim krovom la Ćuku/kod Ćuki, Nova Vas, ranih 60-ih godina 20. sto-ljeća. S unukom u naručju je Ivan Mikleuš lu Ćuku/od Ćuki, vlasnik kuće, inače lokalni postolar koji je izrađi-vao popularne papuče (natikåče ili cavåte) s kožnim ili gumenim džonom. Žena na slici je Ivana Milić lu Jåče/od Jačeti, u čijoj je kući do ranih 40-ih godina 20. stolje-ća bila pekara (peknjica).(Marina Mikuluš, Nova Vas)
Neighbors gathering in front of a house with a thatch roof la Ćuku/at Ćuki, Nova Vas, in the early 1960’s. Ivan Mikeuš lu Ćuku/of Ćuki, the owner of the house, with his grandson in his arms, was a local shoemaker who made popular slippers (natikåče or cavåte) with leather or rubber soles. The woman in the photograph is Ivana Milić lu Jåče/of Jačeti, in whose house the bak-ery (peknjica) was operated until the early 1940’s. (Marina Mikuluš, Nova Vas).
17N
ostr
e se
lišta
de
mån
će –
Naš
a se
la n
ekad
– O
ur v
illag
es in
the
past
Prodavači u trgovini mješovitom robom u zgradi Mje-snog odbora, Šušnjevica, 50-ih godina 20. stoljeća. To je tada bila, a i danas je, jedina trgovina u mjestu. Trgovci na slici su Marija Cvečić lu Båšiću/od Bašići, koja je u trgovini radila do umirovljenja, te njen suprug Lino Mi-kleuš lu Ćuku/od Ćuki. Lino je kasnije vodio popularnu gostionu, na mjestu nekadašnjeg "Dopolavora", u blizi-ni mjesnog boćališta. (Marija Cvečić, Nova Vas)
Vendors in the local grocery store, located in the build-ing of the Town Council, Šušnjevica, 1950’s. The store was then, as it is today, the only store in the village. The vendors in the photograph are Marija Cvečić lu Båšiću/of Bašići, who worked in the store until her retirement, and her husband Lino Mikleuš lu Ćuku/of Ćuki. Lino later managed the popular inn at the location of the former "Dopolavoro", near the local bocce court. (Marija Cvečić, Nova Vas)
18
Nos
tre
seliš
ta d
e m
ånće
– N
aša
sela
nek
ad –
Our
vill
ages
in th
e pa
st
Kovačnica (kovačije) la Tuljiču/kod Tuljići u Jesenoviku, 1976. godine. Kovačnica je bila važna djelatnost u selu i svako je selo imalo bar po jednog kovača (fåbro). U kovač-nici su se izrađivali poljoprivredni alati (ordenja), okovi i dijelovi zaprežnih kola (vozu), te potkivala stoka i konji. (Narodni muzej Labin, snimio Vinko Malinarić)
The blacksmith’s shop (kovačije) la Tuljiču/at Tuljići, Je-senovik, 1976. The blacksmith’s shop provided an im-portant service in the village and every village had at least one blacksmith (fåbro). Agricultural tools (orden-ja), chains and ox-wagon (vozu) parts were made, and horses and cattle were shoed in the blacksmith’s shop. (National Museum in Labin, photograph by Vinko Malinarić)
19N
ostr
e se
lišta
de
mån
će –
Naš
a se
la n
ekad
– O
ur v
illag
es in
the
past
Željezničari i Šušnjevke ispred zgrade željezničke stanice Šuš-njevica na pruzi Lupoglav-Štali-je, Šušnjevica, 50-tih godina 20. stoljeća. Na izgradnji ovog odvoj-ka pruge Divača-Pula, od 1948. do 1951. godine, radile su i mno-ge mještanke i mještani Šušnje-vice i okolnih sela. Na slici su Ida Cvečić lu Picko/od Picketi (u sre-dini dolje), Loreta Brkarić lu Rošo/od Rošeti (u sredini gore), te Marija Mica Mikuluš lu Ćuku/od Ćuki (gore desno). (Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
Railway workers and women from Šušnjevica in front of the Šušnjevica railway station on the Lupoglav-Štalije railway track, Šušnjevica, 1950’s. Many men and women from Šušnjevica and surrounding villages worked on the construction of this section of the Divača-Pula railroad be-tween 1948 and 1951. The pho-tograph shows Ida Cvečić lu Picko/of Picketi (lower middle), Loreta Brkarić lu Rošo/of Rošeti (upper middle), and Marija Mica Mikuluš lu Ćuku/ of Ćuki (upper right).(Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
20
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
Članovi obitelji lu Roto/od Roteti pripremaju njivu za sadnju krumpira, Draga, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Plug drži Ivan Jelovčić lu Roto/Roteti, pored pluga hoda kćer-ka Pierina Jelovčić, a volove vodi sin Alfio Jelovčić. U pozadini se vidi planina Učka. Poljoprivreda je tada bila jedna od glavnih djelatnosti mještana. Oranje, kao i veći-na drugih poljoprivrednih po slova, obavljalo se "ručno", s plugom i volovima (bovu), a ponekad i s konjima (kålu).(Valnea Smilović, New York)
Members of the family lu Roto/of Roteti prepare the field for planting potatoes, Draga, 1960’s. Ivan Jelovčić lu Roto/Roteti is holding the plough, walking next to the plough is his daughter Pierina Jelovčić, while the oxen are being led by his son Alfio Jelovčić. The Učka Mountain can be seen in the background. At the time, agriculture was one of the main activities of the local inhabitants. Plowing, as well as the majority of other agricultural jobs, was done "by hand", with a plough and oxen (bovu), and sometimes also with horses (kålu).(Valnea Smilović, New York)
21Lu
krur
le d
e sa
ka z
i – S
vako
dnev
ni p
oslo
vi –
Eve
ryda
y jo
bs
Tone Jurman lu Lukåč/od Lukači, s bičem u ruci, vodi volovsku zapregu (vozu ku boji), 60-ih godina 20. stolje-ća. Pored volova, ispred njihove štale u Novoj Vasi, su susjedi Gracijela i Kuzme Jurman lu Båšiću/od Bašići. Volovi, istarski "boškarini", su bili glavna vučna stoka i predstavljali su značajan imetak i ponos svakog doma-ćinstva. Vol s desne strane ima na rogovima metalne kuglice (vide), koje su služile za zaštitu od uboda, ali i kao ukras. (Zora Jurman, Nova Vas)
Tone Jurman lu Lukåč/of Lukači, with a whip in his hand, leading an ox-wagon (vozu ku boji), 1960’s. Next to the oxen, in front of their barn in Nova Vas, are neighbors Gracijela and Kuzme Jurman lu Båšiću/of Bašići. Oxen, the Istrian "boškarini", were the main draft animals and represented significant wealth and were the pride of any household. The ox on the right side has metal balls (vide) on his horns which served as protec-tion against impailing but also as a decoration. (Zora Jurman, Nova Vas)
22
Žena u društvu članova svoje obitelji prede vunu (lâra) ispred kamene jednokatnice s brajdom (bårez), Šušnjevica, 1933. godine. Prelo se ručno na preslicu (furka) i vreteno (fusu). U šušnjevičkom je kraju sve do kraja 60-ih, kada se ovdje vršio i otkup vune i ja-njetine, gotovo svaka kuća imala i nekoliko desetina ovaca. Prede-na vuna koristila se za izradu odjevnih predmeta, a vunom se punilo i madrace (štramåc). Lo-kalno se ra dio i ovčji sir. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friulana, snimio Ugo Pellis, 3133)
A woman, in the company of her family members, spinning wool (lâra) in front of a single-storey house with a vine-covered porch (bårez), Šušnjevica, 1933. Spin-ning was done manually using a distaff (furka) and spindle (fusu). Up until the end of the 1960’s, when the wholesale purchase of wool and lambs still took place in Šušnjevica, almost every house had tens of sheep. The spun wool was used to make clothing, but, also, to stuff mat-tresses (štramåc). Sheep cheese was also locally produced. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friulana, photograph taken by Ugo Pellis, 3133)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
23
Riko Jurman lu Žgolja/od Žgoljići sku-plja sijeno vilama na livadi (sinokoša),
Nova Vas, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. U daljini se vidi Čepićko polje, nekadašnje Čepićko jezero, čije je isušivanje započe-
to 1932. godine, za vrijeme talijanske uprave, a privedeno u cijelosti kraju iz-
gradnjom lučne brane na Boljunčici kod Letaja 1970. Od isušivanja se tu nalaze
obradiva polja. (Obitelj Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Riko Jurman lu Žgolja/of Žgoljići gathering hay with forks in a meadow
(sinokoša), Nova Vas, 1960’s. In the distance, one can see the Čepić Valley, the one-time Čepić lake whose drain-
age began in 1932, during Italian rule, and was completed in its entirety with
the construction of the arch dam on Boljunčica near Letaj in 1970. Since the draining, there have been fertile
fields here. (Family Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
24
Ivan Jelovčić lu Roto/od Roteti (u sredini s kapom) i njegova supruga Antonija sa susjedima za vrijeme koli-nja, Draga, oko 1950. godine. Početkom prosinca, prije blagdana na kraju godine, svaka je kuća klala svinju (uči-de porku) i spremala sušenjem i dimljenjem meso za zimu. Po običaju, svježe se meso za kuhanje (pečenja) dijelilo susjedima, koji su uzvraćali uslugu kad bi oni ubili svinju, tako da su svi tjednima imali svježe meso u vrijeme kad u selu nije bilo ni struje ni hladnjaka. (Valnea Smilović, New York)
Ivan Jelovčić lu Roto/ of Roteti (in the middle with a hat) and his wife Antonija with neighbors during pig slaugh-tering time, Draga, around 1950. At the beginning of December, before the holidays at the end of the year, ev-ery house slaughtered a pig (učide porku) and preserved pork meat for the winter by cure drying and smoking. According to custom, fresh meat for immediate cooking (pečenja) was shared with neighbors, who returned the favor when they slaughtered their pigs. In this way, ev-eryone had fresh meat for weeks at a time when there was no electricity or refrigerators in the village.(Valnea Smilović, New York)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
25
Anton Terković lu Cigånu/od Ciganići sa sinom Jakovom Terkovićem (u posjeti kući iz SAD-a) i kćerkom Natali-nom Belulović peče rakiju, Gorinci, Brdo, 1952. Rakija se radila od komine (drope), nakon pripreme vina, krajem rujna i početkom listopada, a proces je trajao i po par dana. U pozadini se vide purice koje je, kao i piliće (pula-štri), uzgajala svaka kuća, a mnogi su ih prodavali na trž-nicama u Mošćeničkoj Dragi, Lovranu i okolnim primor-skim gradićima. (Jim Terkovich, New Jersey)
Anton Terković lu Cigånu/of Ciganići, with his son Jakov Terković (visiting home from the USA) and daughter Na-talina Belulović, distilling brandy, Gorinci, Brdo, 1952. The brandy was made from crushed grapes (drope), after the preparation of wine, at the end of September and be-ginning of October. The process usually lasted a couple days. In the background there are turkeys which, along with chickens (pulaštri), were kept by every household, and many sold them at the markets in Mošćenička Dra-ga, Lovran and surrounding coastal towns.(Jim Terkovich, New Jersey)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
26
Franjo Belulović lu Fåbro/od Fabreti na vratima svoje kovačnice, Šušnjevica, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. U Šušnjevici su nekad bile dvije kovačnice, jedna u kući la Fåbro/kod Fabreti, a druga u kući la Dvojån/kod Dvojani. Obitelj lu Fåbro, iz koje je još i Franetov brat, ko-vač i harmonikaš Miro Belulović, bavila se ovim zanatom generacijama, kako govori i njihov obiteljski nadimak (fåbro znači "kovač"). (Miro Belulović, Šušnjevica)
Franjo Belulović lu Fåbro/of Fabreti at the door of his blacksmith’s shop, Šušnjevica, 1960’s. At one time, there were two blacksmith’s shops in Šušnjevica, one in the house la Fåbro/at Fabreti, and the other in the house la Dvojån/at Dvojani. The lu Fåbro family, including Franjo’s brother, a blacksmith and accordion player Miro Belulović, worked in this trade for gen-erations, as is witnessed by their family nickname (fåbro means "blacksmith").(Miro Belulović, Šušnjevica)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
27
Žena pred kućom la Boca/kod Bocići čisti krumpir dok razgovora s ru-
munjskim lingvistom Severom Po-pom, Šušnjevica, 1933. godine. Lo-
kalno stanovništvo ovog kraja govori vlaški jezik, u lingvistici poznat i pod nazivom istrorumunjski. Zbog svoje
jezične posebnosti, govornici vlaškog jezika su od sredine 19. stoljeća pri-vlačili pažnju generacija istraživača, čiji je rad proizveo niz vrijednih do-
kumenata o ovom ugroženom jeziku i njegovim govornicima.
(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friulana, snimio Ugo
Pellis, 2247)
A woman in front of the house la Boca/at Bocići cleaning potatoes
while talking to Romanian linguist Sever Pop, Šušnjevica, 1933. The
local inhabitants of this region speak the Vlashki language, which
is also known as Istro-Romanian in linguistics. Due to their linguistic
specificity, the Vlashki-speaking population attracted the attention
of generations of researchers, since the middle of the 19th century,
whose work resulted in a number of valuable documents about this
endangered language and its speakers.
(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friulana, photograph
by Ugo Pellis, 2247)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
28
Novošanke Marija Cvečić lu Båšiću/od Bašići i Zora Jurman lu Kranjâcu/od Kranjčići na bicikla-ma, 40-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Prije dolaska auto-mobila u sela 60-ih i 70-ih godina 20. stoljeća, bi-cikla je, uz pješačenje i zaprežna kola, bila glavno prijevozno sredstvo. Njom se išlo na posao, ra-znosila pošta, išlo na ples. Mnogi mještani su bi-ciklom, ali i pješke, odlazili na posao u rudnik Raša, sve dok 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća nije po-čeo voziti popularni autobus (kurjera), zvan "kavarica".(Zora Jurman, Nova Vas)
Novo Vas locals Marija Cvečić lu Båšiću/of Bašići and Zora Jurman lu Kranjâcu/of Kranjčići on bicycles, 1940’s. Before the arrival of automobiles in the village during the1960’s and 1970’s, bicycles were the main means of transport, along with walking and ox-wagons. They were used to go to work, deliver the mail, attend local dances. Many locals traveled to work to the mine Raša by bicycle, and even on foot, up until the popular bus (kurjera), called "Kavarica," began operating in the 1930’s.(Zora Jurman, Nova Vas)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
29
Šušnjevci na kamionu u poljoprivrednom kombinatu na Čepićkom polju, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Od isušivanja Čepićkog jezera 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća, obrađivanje zemlje na Čepićkom polju pripalo je u djelatnost niza po-ljoprivrednih dobara i zadruga, a od 60-ih do sredine 90-ih godina poljoprivrednog kombinata. Rad u kombinatu, pored rada u okolnim rudnicima i tvornicama na područ-ju Labina i Potpićna bili su, od Drugog svjetskog rata do 90-ih godina, glavni izvor dodatnog prihoda za stanov-ništvo ovog kraja. (Obitelj Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Šušnjevica locals on a truck in the agricultural plant in Čepić Valley, 1960’s. Since the draining of the Čepić lake in the 1930’s, the plowing of fields in the Čepić Val-ley has been the work of a series of farms and coopera-tives, and, from the 1960’s to the middle of the 1990’s, the agricultural plant. Employment in the agricultural plant, aside from work in the surrounding mines and factories in Labin and Potpićan, was the main source of additional income for the inhabitants of this region since World War Two. (Family Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
30
Brijani, stanovnici mjesta Brdo i pripadajućih zaseoka, sa svećenikom Antonom Žufićem (u sredini naprijed)na proslavi Jurjeva, Brdo, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Cr-kva Svetog Jurja je sagrađena 1622. godine, a Sveti Ju-raj je zaštitnik ovog mjesta. Sredinom 90-ih godina 20. stoljeća, crkva i pripadajući zvonik restaurirani su sred-stvima mnogobrojnih iseljenika iz ovog kraja u SAD-u, a tada je asfaltiran i put k selu. Proslava sveca zaštitnika je obavezna prilika za veselje i u Šušnjevici, gdje se slavi Ivanja, dan Svetog Ivana Krstitelja.(Alma Jadreškić, Rijeka)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
Brijani, inhabitants of the village of Brdo and surround-ing hamlets, with priest Anton Žufić (centre front), at the celebration of Jurjevo (the Saint George Day), Brdo, 1960’s. The Church of Saint George, the patron saint of Brdo, was built in 1622. In the mid 1990’s, the church and adjoining bell tower were restored with funds col-lected by the many emigrants from this region living in the USA. It was also at this time that the road to the vil-lage was asphalted. The celebration of the patron saint is also an opportunity for celebrations in Šušnjevica where Ivanja (the Saint John the Baptist Day) is celebrated.(Alma Jadreškić, Rijeka)
31
Pričesnici sa svećenikom u Šušnjevici, 50-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Za Prvu pričest, običaj je bio da djeca budu obučena u bijelo, a djevojčice nose dugačke bijele halji-ne i cvjetne krune i vel poput mlade na vjenčanju. Prva pričest i Krizma bili su među najvažnijim svečanostima u životu djece i među prvim i obaveznim prilikama za fotografiranje. (Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
Communicants with the priest in Šušnjevica, 1950’s. It was customary for children to be dressed in white for their First Holy Communion, with the girls wearing long white dresses, floral crowns and a bride-like veil. The First Holy Communion and Confirmation were among the most important celebrations in a child’s life and among the first and certain opportunities for pho-tographs to be taken.(Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
32
Krizmanica Albina Karlović lu Bodo-lo/od Bodoli sa svojom kumom Ma-rijom Ljubičić lu Čârče/od Črčeti u Šušnjevici, 50-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Za Krizmu (berâm), djeca bi od svo-jih kumova (šantul/sutâlu ši šantula/sutla) dobila kolač u obliku koluta, zvan kolåk, a kod kuće se na taj dan spremao svečani ručak. Kumovi, po-sebno pri krštenju, su pored rodite-lja i djeda i bake imali u životu djece najznačajniju ulogu i predstavljali oslonac i predmet poštivanja.(Obitelj Tončinić, Nova Vas)
The candidate for confirmation Albi-na Karlović lu Bodolo/of Bodoli with her sponsor Marija Ljubičić lu Čârče/of Črčeti in Šušnjevica, 1950’s. For their Confirmation (berâm), children received a ring-shaped cake, called a kolåk, from their sponsors (šantul/sutâlu ši šantula/sutla), while at home a spe-cial luncheon was prepared on this day. Godparents, especially those at Baptism, aside from parents and grandparents, had the most signifi-cant role in the lives of children and represented a source of support and an object of respect. (Family Tončinić, Nova Vas)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
33
Na dan Krizme ispred crkve Svetog Ivana Krstitelja i po-štanskog ureda, Šušnjevica, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Krizmanik Josip Pepo Mikleuš lu Jåče/od Jačeti (drugi naprijed s lijeva) s kumom Leonardom Tončinićem (u tamnom odijelu), ocem Slavkom, braćom i rođacima. Cr-kva u Šušnjevici je izgrađena 1838. godine na mjestu sta-rije jednobrodne crkve sa svetiš tem i sakristijom. (Obitelj Tončinić, Nova Vas)
On the day of the Confirmation in front of the Church of Saint John the Baptist and the post office, Šušnjevica, 1960’s. Candidate for confirmation Josip Pepo Mikleuš lu Jåče/of Jačeti (second forward from the left) with his sponsor Leonard Tončinić (in the dark suit), his father Slavko, brothers and relatives. The church in Šušnjevica was built in 1838 on the site of the older single-naved church with shrine and vestry.(Family Tončinić, Nova Vas)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
34
Obitelj na okupu za proslavu Svete Krizme, Čepić, 1964. godine. Krizmanice Danica Donna Jelovčić lu Roto/od Roteti and Celestina Jelovčić lu Roto/od Roteti s kuma-ma Vandom Jelovčić i Annom Gržić, te ostalom obitelji iz Drage, Trsta i Gradinja. Prema zapisima iz polovice 19. stoljeća, u Gradinju, kao i u obližnjem Grobniku, govorio se vlaški jezik. Samo starijih govornika je tada još bilo i u udaljenijoj Skitači.(Valnea Smilović, New York)
A family together celebrating Holy Confirmation, Čepić, 1964. Candidates for confirmation Danica Don-na Jelovčić lu Roto/of Roteti and Celestina Jelovčić lu Roto/of Roteti with their sponsors Vanda Jelovčić and Anna Gržić, and the rest of the family from Draga, Tri-este and Gradinje. According to records from the mid-dle of the 19th century the Vlashki language was also spoken in Gradinje, as well as in the nearby Grobnik. At the time, only older individuals also spoke the language in the more distant Skitača.(Valnea Smilović, New York)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
35
Svatovi ispred kuće obitelji lu Špeliću/od Špelići, Letaj, 1960. godine. U središtu svadbene povorke, koju prati obavezna harmonika (armoniga), stoji mlada (špoža) Ro-mana Bako lu Fuško/od Fušketi i mladoženja (špožo) Milan Čohilj lu Špeliću/od Špelići. Mladi supružnici su kasnije iselili u Australiju. Slavlje je počinjalo uz svečani ručak s juhom, pečenjem ili "šugom s njokima" (umak-om od mesa s valjušcima od krumpira) i "krafima" (slat-kim raviolima) kod mlade, nastavljalo se uz ples u lo-kalnoj gostioni, a završavalo u kući mladoženje, pone-kad i sljedećeg dana. (Vinko Bako, Šušnjevica)
Wedding party in front of the house of the family lu Špeliću/of Špelići, Letaj, 1960. In the middle of the wedding procession, accompanied by the mandatory accordion (armoniga), stands the bride (špoža) Romana Bako lu Fuško/of Fušketi and groom (špožo) Milan Čohilj lu Špeliću/of Špelići. The young couple later emi-grated to Australia. The wedding celebration would be-gin with a special luncheon at the bride’s house with soup, roast or "šug s njokima" (meat sauce with gnoc-chi) and "krafi" (ravioli with sweet filling), then contin-ued with dancing in the local tavern, and ended at the groom’s house, sometimes even on the next day.(Vinko Bako, Šušnjevica)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
36
Vjenčanje Ivana Brkarića lu Rošo/od Rošeti i Donate Dine Šarić iz Lindara, Šušnjevica, 1933. godine. Ivan je bio vlasnik lokalne trgovine, gostione i pansiona smje-štenih u rodnoj kući. U to vrijeme, većina se brakova u kraju sklapala između mladića i djevojaka iz vlaški go-vorećih sela. Mješani brakovi su, međutim, bili nerijetki već i prije ovog vremena a njihov se broj znatno pove-ćao nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, najvjerojatnije kao posljedica iseljavanja i društvene i ekonomske moder-nizacije kraja. (Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
The wedding of Ivan Brkarić lu Rošo/of Rošeti and Do-nata Dina Šarić from Lindara, Šušnjevica, 1933. Ivan was the owner of the local store, restaurant and inn, all located in house he was born in. At the time, most of the marriages in the region were between young men and women from Vlashki-speaking villages. While mixed marriages were not rare even before this period, their numbers increased significantly after World War Two, most likely, as a consequence of increased emigration from the area and social and economic modernization of the region.(Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
37
Mirko Jurman lu Žgolja/od Žgoljići (s harmonikom) i članovi njegove obitelji poziraju s prijateljima ispred svo-je kuće, Nova Vas, kasnih 40-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Blizu kuće la Žgolja, za vrijeme talijanske uprave, nalazila se žičara (teleferika), kojom su se dopremali u podnožje pla-nine trupci i kasnije kamionima otpremali za Italiju. (Obitelj Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Mirko Jurman lu Žgolja/of Žgoljici (with accordion) and members of his family pose with friends in front of their house, Nova Vas, 1940’s. During Italian rule, there was a cableway (teleferika) near the la Žgolja house that was used to ferry tree trunks down to the foot of the moun-tain, which were later transported by truck to Italy. (Family Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
38
Mlade Brijanke i Brijani na hodočašću, Učka, 60-ih godi-na 20. stoljeća. Na dan nakon Duhove, u mjesecu svib-nju, lokalni običaj je bio da se odlazi pješice na hodočašće na Malu Učku, udaljenu oko dva sata od Čepićkog polja. Ujutro se ispovjedalo, a tokom dana održavalo se i neko-liko misa. Za mlađe generacije, i one izdržljivije, predve-čer je priređivan ples.(Alma Jadreškić, Rijeka)
Young Brijani men and women on a pilgrimage, Učka, 1960’s. On Pentecost, in the month of May, the local custom was to go on a pilgrimage by foot to Mala Učka, which is about two hours from the Čepić Valley. Confes-sions were heard in the morning and then holy mass was held a number of times throughout the day. In the evening there was a dance organized for the younger generations, and those more resilient indivuals. (Alma Jadreškić, Rijeka)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
39
Proslava povodom dolaska električne struje u Šušnjevi-cu i okolna mjesta, 1964. godine. U sredini slike su Ma-rio i Jola Karlović lu Bodolo/od Bodoli u razgovoru s mještanima. Struja je znatno olakšala i izmijenila život stanovnika ovog kraja i ovaj značajan trenutak proslav-ljen je cjelodnevnim druženjem, koje je završilo plesom uz zvukove harmonike la Gârmin/kod Grmina, na izla-zu iz Šušnjevice. (Obitelj Tončinić, Nova Vas)
A celebration on the occasion of the arrival of electrici-ty in Šušnjevica and the surrounding villages, 1964. Mario and Jola Karlović lu Bodolo/of Bodoli are in the middle of the photograph talking to locals. Electricity significantly eased and completely transformed the life of the inhabitants of this region, and this significant moment was celebrated with all-day festivities which ended with a dance to the sounds of the accordion at the Gârmin/Grmin restaurant, located at the exit from Šušnjevica.(Family Tončinić, Nova Vas)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
40
Pioniri s bijelim "titovkama" ispred škole u Zankovcima s učiteljicom Mirom Puhar, kasnih 40-ih godina 20. stolje-ća. Po dolasku talijanske vlasti, sagrađene su 20-ih godi-na 20. stoljeća moderne školske zgrade s tekućom vo-dom u Kostrčanu i Zankovcima, a u iznajmljenim pro-storima privatnih kuća otvorene škole u Jesenoviku (la Surijånu/kod Surijani) i Letaju (la Ci gåru/kod Cigari). Do 1943. godine, nastava se u svim školama u kraju odvijala na talijanskom jeziku, a od 1945. opet na hrvatskom je-ziku. Škole u Jesenoviku i Letaju bile su aktivne do pada talijanske vlasti. (Alma Jadreškić, Rijeka)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
Pioneers with white partisan caps in front of the school with their teacher Mira Puhar, Zankovci, late 1940’s. Upon the arrival of the Italian authorities, modern school buildings with running water were built in Ko-str čan and Zankovci, while schools were opened in Je-senovik (la Surijånu/at Surijani) i Letaj (la Cigåru/at Cigari) in the leased premises of private homes. Up un-til 1943, class was held in the Italian language in all schools in the region, and again in the Croatian lan-guage from 1945 on. The schools in Jesenovik and Le-taj were active until the end of the Italian rule.(Alma Jadreškić, Rijeka)
41
Školarci ispred škole u Šušnjevici s učiteljicom Šteficom Husnjak, ranih 50-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Škola u Šuš-njevici sagrađena je 1904. godine, za vrijeme austro-ugarske vlasti. Nastava se do 1922. godine održavala na hrvatskom jeziku. Kako je ova škola tada bila jedina u kraju, školu su u austro-ugarskom razdoblju u Šušnjevi-ci pohađala djeca iz cijelog vlaški govorećeg kraja – iz Šušnjevice, Nove Vasi, Jesenovika, Letaja i Brda.(Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
School children in front of the school with their teacher Štefica Husnjak, Šušnjevica, in the early 1950’s. The school in Šušnjevica was built in 1904 during Austro-Hungarian rule. Until 1922 class was held in the Croa-tian language. As this was the only school in the region at the time, during the Austro-Hungarian period, school was attended in Šušnjevica by children from the whole Vlashki-speaking region – from Šušnjevica, Nova Vas, Jesenovik, Letaj and Brdo.(Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
42
Školska omladina s nastavnicima ispred škole u Kostr-čanu, 1952. godine. U poslijeratnim godinama, veliki je broj stanovnika takozvane "Bršćine", kraja koji uključu-je Brdo, Kostrčan, Zankovce i obližnje zaseoke, emigri-rao u Italiju, SAD, Australiju i druge zemlje, pa je zbog malog broja učenika 1957. godine zatvorena škola u Kostrčanu, a 1965. godine i škola u Zankovcima. (Nerina Peculić, Kostrčan)
School youths with teachers in front of the school, Kostrčan, 1952. In the post war years, a great number of inhabitants of the so called "Bršćina" region, which included Brdo, Kostrčan, Zankovci and surrounding hamlets, immigrated to Italy, USA, Australia and other countries. Due to the small number of school children, the school in Kostrčan was closed in 1957, while the school in Zankovci closed its doors in 1965.(Nerina Peculić, Kostrčan)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
43
Školska djeca iz Šušnjevice s učiteljicom Mirom Bojčić, 1953. godine. 1952. godine u Šušnjevicu dolazi učitelji-ca Surina Jelka i učitelj Ivan Kos, te se prelazi na obave-zno šestogodišnje školovanje. Nakon godinu dana, uči-telja Kosa zamjenjuje nova učiteljica Mira Bojčić. Od 1953. uvedeno je obavezno osmogodišnje školovanje, tako da su djeca, nakon završenog šestog razreda u Šuš-njevici, Zankovcima i Kostrčanu, po prvi puta počela odlaziti u školu u Čepić. (Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
School children from Šušnjevica with their teacher Mira Bojčić, 1953. In 1952, the teachers Jelka Surina and Ivan Kos arrived in Šušnjevica, and mandatory six year education began. After a year, the teacher Mr. Kos was replaced by a new teacher Mira Bojčić. From 1953, mandatory eight year education was introduced, so that children, after completing six grades in Šušnjevica, Zankovci and Kostrčan, began to depart for the school in Čepić for the first time.(Dragica Daus, Šušnjevica)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
44
Djeca u Kostrčanu s učiteljicom Idom Cvečić, 1955. go-dine. Učiteljica Cvečić je u školi u Kostrčanu radila do njenog zatvaranja 1957. godine, a nakon toga je prešla na rad u školu u Šušnjevici. Školska zgrada u Kostrčanu, kao i ona u Zankovcima, još uvijek postoji, no obje su zbog dugogodišnje nebrige u vrlo ruševnom stanju.(Obitelj Cvečić, Labin)
Children with their teacher Ida Cvečić, Kostrčan, 1955. The teacher Ida Cvečić worked in the Kostrčan school until it was closed in 1957, and then transferred to work in the school in Šušnjevica. The school buildings in Kostrčan and Zankovci still exist, but both are in great disrepair due to many years of negligence.(Family Cvečić, Labin)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
45
Školski dan u učionici škole u Šušnjevici, 1961. godine. Sve do 70-ih godina 20. stoljeća, većina djece ovog kraja govorila je od rođenja kod kuće i u selu vlaški jezik, a nerijetko i hrvatsko čakavsko narječje ovog dijela Istre. Drugi jezik, bilo književni hrvatski ili, u ranijim genera-cijama, talijanski, djeca su u pravilu počinjala učiti tek u školi. (Obitelj Cvečić, Labin)
A school day in the classroom, Šušnjevica, 1961. Up un-til the 1970’s, the majority of children of the region, from their birth on, spoke the Vlashki language at home and in the village, but often also the Croatian Chakavian dialect particular to this part of Istria. As a rule, the children only began to learn a second lan-guage, whether literary Croatian or, in earlier genera-tions, Italian, when they started school.(Family Cvečić, Labin)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
46
Učenici pred školom u Šušnjevici s učiteljicom Idom Cve-čić, 1962. godine. Učiteljica Ida Cvečić, koja je obavljala svoj posao u kraju nekoliko desetljeća, vodila je i slobod-ne aktivnosti za školsku djecu te vanškolski zdravstveni tečaj za učenice. S vremenom je naučila vlaški jezik i s razumijevanjem pomagala lokalnoj djeci u savladavanju književnog hrvatskog jezika.(Obitelj Cvečić, Labin)
School children in front of the school with their teacher Ida Cvečić, Šušnjevica, 1962. The teacher Ida Cvečić, who worked in the region for several decades, also orga-nized extracurricular activities for the school children, including after-school healthcare courses for female school children. After a while, she learned the Vlashki language and was well positioned to help the local chil-dren master the Croatian literary language.(Family Cvečić, Labin)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
47
Pioniri iz Šušnjevice na izletu u Bršćini s učiteljicom Idom Cvečić, 1964. godine. U Šušnjevici su prve poslije-ratne učiteljice bile Kaća Bauer i Sonja Rade, a nakon njih došli su učitelj Zvonko Seberdžija i pomoćna učiteljica Ana Bubić. Ranih 20-ih godina 20. stoljeća, tijekom dvije školske godine, u školi u Šušnjevici nastava se održavala dvojezično, na talijanskom i najvjerojatnije, na rumunj-skom jeziku, pod vodstvom šušnjevskog učitelja Andreja Glavine, koji je odrastao i školovan u Rumunjskoj. (Obitelj Cvečić, Labin)
Pioneers from Šušnjevica on an excursion to Bršćina with their teacher Ida Cvečić, Brdo, 1964. The first post war teachers in Šušnjevica were Kaća Bauer and Sonja Rade, and after them came the teacher Zvonko Seber-džija and teacher’s assistant Ana Bubić. In the early 1920’s, for two school years, class was held in two lan-guages at the school in Šušnjevica – in the Italian lan-guage and, most probably, Romanian, under the leader-ship of the Šušnjevica teacher Andrej Glavina, who grew up and was educated in Romania.(Family Cvečić, Labin)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
48
Školska djeca u Šušnjevici, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Od školske godine 1956./1957. u školi u Šušnjevici nudi se djeci nastava samo od prvog do četvrtog razreda, pa od toga vremena do danas sva djeca pohađaju nastavu od petog do osmog razreda u školi u Čepiću.(Obitelj Cvečić, Labin)
School children, Šušnjevica, 1960’s. From the academic year 1956/1957 children have been offered classes only from the first to the fourth grade in the school in Šušnjevica. Thus, from this time up to the present day, children have been attending classes from the fifth to the eighth grades in the school in Čepić.(Family Cvečić, Labin)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
49
Školarci ispred škole u Šušnjevici s učiteljicom Idom Cvečić, 1972. godine. Učiteljica Cvečić je sve do mirovi-ne radila u školi u Šušnjevici te su mnoge generacije mještana stekla prva znanja kod omiljene učiteljice. Na-kon njezinog umirovljenja, u školu su 1986. godine došle Jasna Pajcur i Dionora Radola, koja još uvijek vodi nastavu u šušnjevskoj školi. (Obitelj Cvečić, Labin)
School children in front of the school with their teacher Ida Cvečić, Šušnjevica, 1972. The teacher, Mrs. Cvečić, worked in the school in Šušnjevica until her retirement and many generations of locals received their early edu-cation from this popular teacher. After her retirement, Jasna Pajcur and Dionora Radola came to the school. Radola still teaches classes in the Šušnjevica school.(Family Cvečić, Labin)
Ân
škol
a –
U š
koli
– In
sch
ool
50
Giovanni Iurman sa svojom supru-gom Elenom i djecom, Rijeka, oko 1900. godine. Giovanni je rođen 1866. godine u Šušnjevici, a živio je i radio kao pismonoša (cursore) u Rijeci. Od kraja 19. stoljeća, a na-ročito u nekoliko valova tijekom 20. stoljeća, veliki je broj ljudi iz Šušnjevice i Brda i okolnih vlaški govorećih sela počelo iseljavati za poslom i udobnijim gradskim živo-tom u Rijeku, Pulu i druge obližnje gradiće, kao i u inozemstvo.(Obitelj Žele, Opatija)
Giovanni Iurman with his wife Elena and children, Rijeka, around 1900. Giovanni was born in 1866 in Šušnjevica, but he lived and worked as a postman (cursore) in Rijeka. From the end of the 19th century, and especially in a few waves during the 20th century, a great number of people from Šušnjevica, Brdo, and surrounding Vlashki-speaking villages, began to move because of work and a more comfortable city life to Rijeka, Pula and other nearby towns, as well as abroad. (Family Žele, Opatija)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
51
Austrougarski vojnici, među kojima je i Ivan Milich lu Banašera/od Banašeri iz Šušnjevice, ispred bolnice, vje-rojatno u Beču, između 1914. i 1918. Za vrijeme Prvog svjetskog rata, Ivan je bio na frontu u Galiciji, današnjoj Ukrajini. Kao i drugi Istrani, ljudi iz ovog kraja su često, služeći redovnu vojsku različitih vladajućih država koji-ma je Istra tokom svoje povijesti pripadala, morali odla-ziti i tisuće kilometara daleko od svog doma. (Nela Rabar, Šušnjevica)
Austro-Hungarian soldiers, among whom also stands Ivan Milich lu Banašera/of Banašeri from Šušnjevica, in front of a hospital, probably Vienna, between 1914 and 1918. During World War One, Ivan was at the front in Galicia, present-day Ukraine. Like other Istrians, people from this region often had to travel thousands of kilome-ters from their home to serve in the armies of different states that ruled over Istria in the course of its history.(Nela Rabar, Šušnjevica)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
52
Romano Jelovčić lu Roto/od Roteti, New York, 1927. godine. Rođen 1908., Roma-no se, poput mnogih njegovih suseljana, kao devetnaestogodišnji pomorac na svom prvom putovanju iskrcao s broda na Man-hattanu i potom proveo život radeći u nju-jorškoj luci. U sljedećim desetljećima po-mogao je mno gim članovima svoje obitelji da dođu u New York. Jedno od nastarijih istarskih udruženja u New Yorku, Istrijan-sko mornarsko dobrotvorno društvo/Istrian Seaman’s Benevolent Society, osnovano 1924. godine, imalo je među pr-vim i mnogobrojnim članovima muškarce iz Šušnjevice i Brda i okolnih sela. (Valnea Smilović, New York)
Romano Jelovčić lu Roto/of Roteti, New York, 1927. Born in 1908, Romano, a nineteen-year-old sailor on this first jour-ney, disembarked from a ship in Manhat-tan, like many of his fellow villagers, and then spent his life working in the New York port. In the following decades, he helped many members of his family come to New York. One of the oldest Istrian as-sociations in New York, the Istrian Sea-man’s Benevolent Society, was founded in 1924. Among its earliest and numerous members were men from Šušnjevica, Brdo and surrounding villages.(Valnea Smilović, New York)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
53
Marija Ljubičić lu Balår/od Balarići iz Zanko-vaca u fotografskom studiju, Pazin, krajem 1910-ih godina 20. stoljeća. U doba austro-
ugarske i talijanske vladavine, mnoge su pet-naestogodišnjakinje iz ovih sela odlazile raditi kao sluškinje (męre služi) u Rijeku, Pulu, Opa-tiju ili Trst. Marija je nakon mađarske obitelji u Rijeci, radila čak petnaestak godina kod obi-
telji u Trstu. Djevojke su se vraćale u selo za udaju. Sve do 20-ih godina 20. stoljeća, kada bi počele rađati djecu, mnoge su mlade žene
odlazile u grad raditi kao dojilje (bajle). Svojim radom u gradu djevojke i mlade žene su zna-čajno doprinosile blagostanju svojih mnogo-članih obitelji, koje su teško živjele samo od
poljoprivrede.
(Marija Vrzić, Ičići)
Marija Ljubičić lu Balår/of Balarići from Zankovci in a photo-studio, Pazin, late
1910’s. During the Austro-Hungarian and Italian rule, many fifteen-year-old girls went to work as maids (męre služi) in Rijeka, Pula, Opatija or Trieste. After working for a Hun-garian family in Rijeka, Marija worked for a
family in Trieste for some fifteen years. Girls returned to the village to get married. Until
the 1920’s, after they started having chil-dren, many young women went to work as
wet nurses (bajle) in the city. With their work in the city, girls and young women made im-
portant contributions to the well-being of their numerous families which had a hard
time surviving on agriculture alone.(Marija Vrzić, Ičići)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
54
Slava Jurman lu Žgolja/od Žgolji-ći s djevojčicom na dan Krizme, Šušnjevica, 50-ih godina 20. sto-ljeća. Rođena 1914. godine u No-voj Vasi, Slava je 1945. godine preko Italije emigrirala u SAD. Ovo je bio put koji su prešle, na-kon Drugog svjetskog rata, na ovaj ili onaj način, stotine iselje-nika iz ovog kraja. Neprekidna iseljavanja iz sela tokom 20. sto-ljeća značajno su smanjila lokalno stanovništvo i, uz druge okolno-sti, doprinjela smanjenu upotrebe vlaškog jezika. (Obitelj Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Slava Jurman lu Žgolja/of Žgoljići with a girl on her Confir-mation day, Šušnjevica, 1950’s. Born in 1914 in Nova Vas, Slava immigrated to the USA via Italy. This same path was traveled after World War Two, in more or less similar ways, by hundreds of im-migrants from this region. The continual exodus from the villag-es during the 20th century greatly reduced the local population and, among other factors, contributed to a reduced use of the Vlashki language. (Family Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
55
Devetnaestogodišnji Enco Balačić lu Bånja/od Banjeti u izbjegličkom kampu, u vese-
lom društvu djevojaka iz Brda i Raklja, Capua, Italija,
1963. godine. Poslijeratni iseljenici iz kraja oko Šušnje-vice i Brda, kao i iz ostalih di-jelova Istre, su sve do sredine 60-ih godina odlazili u preko-
morske zemlje preko izbje-gličkih kampova u Italiji. Če-kanje na dokumente za SAD
nekada je trajalo i više godina. (Valnea Smilović, New York)
Nineteen-year-old Enco Balačić lu Bånja/of Banjeti in a refugee camp, in the cheer-ful company of young wom-
en from Brdo and Rakalj, Capua, Italy, 1963. Post war
emigrants from the area around Šušnjevica and Brdo,
as well as other parts of Is-tria, departed overseas
through refugee camps in It-aly up until the mid 1960’s. The wait for documents for
the USA sometimes even lasted a few years.
(Valnea Smilović, New York)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
56
U kuhinji izbjegličkog kampa, Capua, Italija, 1963. godi-ne. Enco Balačić lu Bånja/od Banjeti (krajnje desno), ovdje u društvu talijanskih radnika, je za plaću radio u kuhinji kampa u kojemu je čekao odlazak za SAD. Ca-pua je bio treći kamp u Italiji, nakon dva u Trstu, u ko-jemu je Enco boravio. Mladim Brijanima i ostalim Istra-nima koji su boravili u Capui bila je ponuđena moguć-nost da za plaću obavljaju privremene poslove na okol-nim poljoprivrednim imanjima.(Valnea Smilović, New York)
In the kitchen of the refugee camp, Capua, Italy, 1963. Enco Balačić lu Bånja/of Banjeti (end right), here in the company of Italian workers, worked for wages in the kitchen of the camp in which he awaited departure for the USA. Capua was the third camp in Italy, after two in Trieste, in which Enco stayed. Young Brijani people and other Istrians who stayed in Capua were offered the op-portunity to perform temporary jobs in the surround-ing agricultural farms for wages. (Valnea Smilović, New York)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
57
Slava Jurman lu Žgolja/od Žgoljići s članovima obitelji, Brooklyn, New York, 50-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Iseljeni-ci iz Šušnjevice i Brda i okolice, kao i drugi Istrani, nase-ljavali su se prije Drugog svjetskog rata najviše na Man-hattanu, koji je tada u svojim južnijim dijelovima bio uglavnom industrijski i lučki. Poslije Drugog svjetskog rata, ti tipični imigrantski dijelovi Manhattana su po-stupno napušteni za nešto udobnije stanove i kuće u Brooklynu, Astoriji i drugim udaljenijim dijelovima Qu-eensa, te Long Islanda. (Obitelj Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Slava Jurman lu Žgolja/of Žgoljići with family mem-bers, Brooklyn, New York, 1950’s. Prior to World War Two, immigrants from Šušnjevica, Brdo and surround-ing villages, like other Istrians, mostly settled in Man-hattan, which at the time was largely industrial and dockland in its southern parts. After World War Two, these typical immigrant parts of Manhattan were grad-ually abandoned for somewhat more comfortable apart-ments and houses in Brooklyn, Astoria and other more distant parts of Queens and Long Island. (Family Skrobe, Nova Vas)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
58
Enco Soldatić lu Lovre/od Lovreti sa stricem, najvjero-jatnije u Astoriji u Queensu, New York, krajem 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. U njegovoj kući la Lovro/kod Lovre-ti u Jesenoviku je između dva rata bila trgovina i gosti-ona s plesom. Većina iseljenika iz Šušnjevice i Brda i okolnih sela naselila se u gradu New Yorku i širem grad-skom području, uključujući državu New Jersey, iako ih ima i u drugim dijelovima SAD-a, Australiji, Italiji i drugdje.(Enco Soldatić, Jesenovik)
Enco Soldatić lu Lovre/of Lovreti with his uncle, most probably in Astoria in Queens, New York, late 1960’s. Between the two wars, in his house la Lovreti/at Lovre-ti in Jesenovik, there was a store and tavern with danc-es. Most immigrants from Šušnjevica, Brdo and sur-rounding villages settled in New York City and the wider metropolitan area, including the state of New Jersey, but there are also others in other parts of the USA, Australia, Italy and elsewhere.(Enco Soldatić, Jesenovik)
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
59
Maturantica iz Nove Vasi u SAD-u, New York, 1952. go-dine. Claudia Jurman lu Jur-man/od Jurmani iselila je u SAD s majkom i braćom 40-ih godina 20. stoljeća i tako se pridružila tamo ocu koji se u New Yorku još ranije iskrcao s broda. Jedna od prednosti tadašnjeg iseljavanja u veće gradove SAD-a bio je i lakši pristup obrazovanju, iako u pravilu tek za drugu genera-ciju, to jest, djecu iseljenika. (Obitelj Skrobe, Nova Vas).
A high school graduate from Nova Vas in the USA, New York, 1952. Claudia Jurman lu Jurman/of Jurmani im-migrated to the USA with her mother and brothers in the 1940’s and thus joined her father, who earlier jumped ship in New York. One of the advantages of moving to larger cities in the USA was easier access to ed-ucation, although, as a rule, only for the second genera-tion, that is, children of im-migrants. (Family Skrobe, Nova Vas).
Pre
lum
e –
U s
vije
tu –
In th
e w
orld
60
61
ŽejaNe
62
A no
stra
seliš
te d
e m
ånće
– N
aše
selo
nek
ad –
Our
vill
age
in th
e pa
st
Panorama Žejana sa sjeveroistočne strane, oko 1911. go-dine. Na zasad jedinom poznatom motivu Žejana za-bilježenom na razglednici, vide se slamnati krovovi (stri-ha) kuća prizemnica i staja te rijetke dvokatnice. Pa dinu u prvom planu danas presijeca cesta Permani – Mune izgrađena ranih 30-tih godina 20. stoljeća. (Obitelj Mišćenić, Tuliševica)
Panorama of Žejane from the north-eastern side, around 1911. On this as-of-now unique vista of Žejane docu-mented on a postcard, you can see the thatch roofs (stri-ha) of single-storey houses and barns and rare double-storey houses. The slope in the foreground is today tran-sected by the Permani-Mune road, built in the early 1930’s.(Mišćenić family, Tuliševica)
63A
nost
ra se
lište
de
mån
će –
Naš
e se
lo n
ekad
– O
ur v
illag
e in
the
past
Kuće obitelji lu Jozo/Kuzmićevi (s lijeva), obitelji lu Jan drina/Jandrinovi (u sredini) i obitelji lu Jerko/Bara-matetovi (s desna) u dijelu sela Sânkovci/Sankovci, Že-jane, 1933. godine. U prizemlju kuća, pod polukružnim svodom (veljb), smještene su ostave za alat i hranu (hram). Vanjskim stepenicama (baladur) dolazi se na kat, gdje su smještene kuhinja i sobe.(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friu-lana, snimio Ugo Pellis, 2281)
The houses of the family lu Jozo/Kuzmićevi (on the left), the family lu Jadrina/Jadrinovi (in the middle) and the family lu Jerko/Baramatetovi (on the right) in a part of the village called Sânkovci/Sankovci, Žejane, 1933. On the ground floor of the house, under a semi-circular vault (veljb), are storage areas for tools and food (hram). Exterior stairs (baladur) lead to the top floor which houses the kitchen and rooms. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Fri-ulana, photograph taken by Ugo Pellis, 2281)
64
Kuća obitelji le Gârzele/Grzelini (desno) i staja obitelji lu Pavka/Pavkini (lijevo) pokrivene slamnatim krovom, Žejane, 1933. godine. Slamnatih krovova u to je već vri-jeme sve manje, jer slamu zamijenjuje crijep. Sve do Drugog svjetskog rata takvim su krovovima još pokri-vene staje i drugi gospodarski objekti. U dvorištu kuće ostavljena su zaprežna kola na dva kotača s košarom za prijevoz ljetine i stajskog gnoja.(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friula-na, snimio Ugo Pellis, 2270)
The house of the family le Gârzele/Grzelini (right) and the barn of the family lu Pavka/Pavkini (left) covered with a thatch roof, Žejane, 1933. At the time, there were already increasingly fewer thatch roofs because straw was being replaced by roof tiles. Up to World War Two, such roofs still covered barns and other farm fa-cilities. A horse-drawn cart with two wheels and a bas-ket for transport of harvest and barn manure was left in the yard of the house.(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Fri-ulana, photograph taken by Ugo Pellis, 2270)
A no
stra
seliš
te d
e m
ånće
– N
aše
selo
nek
ad –
Our
vill
age
in th
e pa
st
65
Cesta koja vodi iz sela prema natkrivenom izvoru vode (fântâra) i lokvama za napajanje stoke (gorinjile ši dolinji-le låku), Žejane, 1933. godine. Ona je do polovice 30-tih godina 20. stoljeća ujedno bila početak glavnog puta iz Žejana prema susjednim Velim Munama. Djevojčica na cesti nosi objed (merinde) članovima obitelji, koji rade u polju ili šumi.(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friu-lana, snimio Ugo Pellis, 2269)
The road that leads out of the village towards a covered water source (fântâra) and pools for watering livestock (gorinjile ši dolinjile låku), Žejane, 1933. Up until the 1930’s, this was also the beginning of the main road from Žejane towards neighboring Vele Mune. The girl on the road is carrying a meal (merinde) to members of the family working in the field and in the woods.(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Fri-ulana, photograph taken by Ugo Pellis, 2269)
A no
stra
seliš
te d
e m
ånće
– N
aše
selo
nek
ad –
Our
vill
age
in th
e pa
st
66
Niz stambenih i gospodarskih zgrada u dijelu sela Stam-buliči/Stambulići, Žejane, 1937. godine. Najstarije stam-bene cjeline u selu sastojale su se od spojenih kuća nekoli-ko obitelji i pripadajućih gospodarskih zgrada. Jedna od najstarijih žejanskih kuća je kuća obitelji le Rerke/Rerkini (desno dolje). Na nju se nadovezuje gospodarski objekt obitelji lu Pavka/Pavkini i zatim kuća obitelji lu Bariško/Bariškotovi. Niz završava novoizgrađenom jednokatni-com obitelji lu Påne/Panetovi. (Nice Bruno, La casa rurale nella Venezia Giulia, 1940.)
A series of residential buildings and farm facilities in a part of the village called Stambuliči/Stambulići, Žejane, 1937. The oldest residential complexes in the village consisted of the joined houses of a few families and ac-companying outbuildings. One of the oldest houses in Žejane is the house of the family le Rerke/Rerkini (right bottom). Connected to it are the outbuildings of the family lu Pavka/Pavkini and then the house of the fam-ily lu Påne/Panetovi. (Nice Bruno, La casa rurale nella Venezia Giulia, 1940.)
A no
stra
seliš
te d
e m
ånće
– N
aše
selo
nek
ad –
Our
vill
age
in th
e pa
st
67
Kuća obitelji lu Matijo/Šćurinovi, Žejane, 1937. godine. U prizemlju kuće izgrađene sredinom 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća, po povratku glave obitelji iz Australije, bila je smještena obiteljska krojačnica i trgovina tekstilom, a na prvom katu, od 1936. godine, jedna od učionica osnovne škole na talijanskom jeziku. (Ana Legac, Volosko)
The house of the family lu Matijo/Šćurinovi, Žejane, 1937. On the ground floor of the house built in the mid 1930’s, upon the return of the head of the family from Australia, the family’s tailor’s shop and textile store were located. From 1936 on, one of the classrooms of the elementary school in the Italian language was lo-cated on the first floor.(Ana Legac, Volosko)
A no
stra
seliš
te d
e m
ånće
– N
aše
selo
nek
ad –
Our
vill
age
in th
e pa
st
68
Dimni oblak iznad zapaljene kuće i staje obitelji Andrije Stambulića lu Matijo/Šćurinovi, Žejane, 25. ožujka 1944. godine. Zbog sudjelovanja u radu narodnooslobodilač-kog pokreta, njemački su vojnici pred članovima obitelji zapalili kuću i staju. Nakon toga je Andrija odveden u zatvor u Ilirsku Bistricu, iz kojeg se nije vratio. (Ostavina Maksa Peloze, Knjižnica Teologije, Rijeka)
A cloud of smoke above the burnt house and barn of the family of Andrija Stambulić lu Matijo/Šćurinovi, Žejane, March 25, 1944. German soldiers burned the house and barn in front of the members of the family. After this, because he participated in the activities of the anti-fas-cist resistance movement, Andrija was taken to prison in Ilirska Bistrica, from which he didn’t return. (Legacy of Maks Peloza, Theology Library, Rijeka)
A no
stra
seliš
te d
e m
ånće
– N
aše
selo
nek
ad –
Our
vill
age
in th
e pa
st
69
Avionski snimak spaljenih Žejana, 1. svibnja 1945. go-dine. Nakon paljenja nekoliko obiteljskih kuća i staja u listopadu 1943. i ožujku 1944., njemačka je vojska 5. svibnja 1944. godine u potpunosti spalila selo i istjerala njegove žitelje. Ukupno je spaljeno 102 kuća i 90 gospo-darskih zgrada. Snimku spaljenog sela načinio je pilot američke vojske, rođen u susjednim Velim Munama. (Stanley Juracich, U. S. Air Force)
An aerial survey of burnt Žejane, May 1, 1945. After burning a few family houses and barns in October 1943 and March 1944, on May 5, 1944, the German soldiers burned the entire village and forced out its inhabitants. A total of 102 houses and 90 outbuildings were burned. The areal photograph of the burnt village was made by an American army pilot born in neighboring Vele Mune. (Stanley Juracich, U.S. Air Force)
A no
stra
seliš
te d
e m
ånće
– N
aše
selo
nek
ad –
Our
vill
age
in th
e pa
st
70
Ruševine barokne kapele Svetog Andri-je, Žejane, 70-tih godina 20. stoljeća. Ovu podružnicu munske župe minirali su pred kraj Drugog svjetskog rata nje-mački vojnici. Na njezinom je mjestu 1993. godine posvećena nova žejanska crkva (besęreka). U crkvi je sačuvan kip svetog Andrije iz druge polovice 19. stoljeća.(Frković Josip, Crkve i župe riječko-senjske nad-biskupije, strojopis)
The ruins of the baroque chapel of Saint Andrew, Žejane, 1970’s. This branch of the Vele Mune parish was blown up at the end of World War Two by German soldiers. The new Žejane church (besęreka) was consecrated in its place in 1993. The statue of Saint An-drew, dating from the second half of the 19th century, has been preserved in the church. (Frković Josip, Church and Parish of the Rije-ka-Senj Archdiocese, typed manuscript)A
nost
ra se
lište
de
mån
će –
Naš
e se
lo n
ekad
– O
ur v
illag
e in
the
past
71
Zimska idila viđena s brežuljka Banj vârh, sjeverozapad-no od sela, Žejane, 1961. godine. Na ratna stradanja u obnovljenom selu ukazuje tek nekoliko ruševina (mirine-le). U daljini (lijevo gore) nazire se planinski vrh Šija (1234 m). Prema jednom tumačenju ime Žejana izvede-no je iz imena ovog vrha (Šija – Šijane – Žejane). (Cvetko Rado Doričić, Matulji, snimio Boris Doričić)
Winter wonderland seen from the hill Banj vârh, north-west of the village, Žejane, 1961. Only a few ruins (mir-inele) in the reconstructed village attest to the war time casualties in this photograph. The Šija mountain top can be seen in the distance (top left). According to one interpretation of the name Žejane, it is a derivative of the name of this mountain top (Šija - Šijane - Žejane). (Cvetko Rado Doričić, Matulji, photograph by Boris Doričić)
A no
stra
seliš
te d
e m
ånće
– N
aše
selo
nek
ad –
Our
vill
age
in th
e pa
st
72
Istovar drva ispred garaže obitelji le Gâržinke/Gržinki-ni, Žejane, 1933. godine. Prodaja drva (lęmne) za ogrjev, uz prodaju drvenog ugljena (kârbur), bila je glavni izvor prihoda za većinu žejanskih obitelji do šezdesetih godi-na 20. stoljeća. Drva i ugljen prodavani su najčešće u Rijeci i Opatiji, kamo su ih Žejanci vozili volovskom ili konjskom zapregom. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friu-lana, snimio Ugo Pellis, 2280)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
Unloading of wood in front of the garage of the family le Gâržinke/Gržinkini, Žejane, 1933. The sale of wood (lęmne) for firewood, along with the sale of wood coals (kârbur), was the main source of income for the major-ity of Žejane families until the 1960’s. Wood and coal were most often sold in Rijeka and Opatija, where vil-lagers from Žejane transported them by ox- or horse-drawn wagons. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Fri-ulana, photograph by Ugo Pellis, 2280)
73
Na cisterni (šterna) obitelji lu Martinina/Martininovi, Žejane, 1933. godine. Prije kraja 30-ih godina 20. sto-ljeća tek je manji broj žejanskih kuća imao cisterne za vodu, koje su u selu postale opća pojava u godinama nakon Drugog svjetskog rata i obnove sela. Uz grlo ci-sterni (trumba) prala se na daski (dâska) odjeća u kablu (kâbâl). Na cisternama su se također okupljali mladi na druženje i ples. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friu-lana, snimio Ugo Pellis, 2279)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
On the water cistern (šterna) of the family lu Martinina/Martininovi, Žejane, 1933. Before the end of the 1930’s, only a small number of homes in Žejane had a water tank, which became commonplace in the years after World War Two and the reconstruction of the village. Clothes were washed on a board (dâska) in a tub (kâbâl) by the spout of the water cistern (trumba). Young people also gathered around water cisterns to socialize and to dance.(Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Fri-ulana, photograph by Ugo Pellis, 2279)
74
Žejanka u tradicijskoj dnevnoj odjeći odgovara na upite rumunjskog lingviste Severa Popa, Žejane, 1933. godi-ne. Žejanski jezik (žejånska limba), poznat i pod struč-nim nazivom "istrorumunjski", je više od 150 godina predmet zanimanja romanista i etnologa. Zahvaljujući radu ovih istraživača dokumentiran je značajan dio ne-materijalne baštine sela. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Friu-lana, snimio Ugo Pellis, 2283)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
Woman from Žejane in traditional daily attire answers the questions of the Romanian linguist Sever Pop, Žejane, 1933. The Zheyanski language (žejånska limba), also known under the technical name "Istro-Romanian", has been the subject of interest of Romance linguists and ethnologists for more than 150 years. Owing to the work of these researchers, a significant portion of the intangi-ble heritage of the village has been documented. (Istituto dell’Atlante Linguistico Italiano – Società Filologica Fri-ulana, photograph by Ugo Pellis, 2283)
75
Priprema ugljare (gljevarica) u okolici sela, Žejane, 1962. godine. Nakon početka sagorijevanja, muškarci su osam dana neprestano čuvali ugljaru boraveći u malom za tu prigodu podignutom zaklonu. Od jedne ugljare bi se pro-izvelo deset do dvanaest vreća ugljena. U njegovoj proi-zvodnji, prijevozu i prodaji sudjelovali su gotovo svi čla-novi obitelji. Posljednje ugljare su pripremljene sredinom sedamdesetih godina 20. stoljeća. (Konzervatorski zavod u Rijeci, snimio Vinko Malinarić)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
Preparation of the coal pit (gljevarica) in the area sur-rounding the village, Žejane, 1962. After combustion began, men would keep watch over the coal pit continu-ally for eight days, residing in a small covered lodge built for this purpose. One coal pit could produce ten to twelve bags of coal. Nearly all the members of the fam-ily would participate in its production, transport and sale. The last coal pits were prepared in the middle of the 1970’s. (Conservation Institute of Rijeka, photograph by Vinko Malinarić)
76
Bratići Josip Doričić lu Martinina/Martininov i Miho Doričić lu Ovčarić/Doričićev kose travu (jårba) u predje-lu Ograda, Žejane, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Košnja trave počinjala je nakon blagdana Svetog Petra (29. lip-nja). U trenucima odmora kosci su običavali u hladu i zapjevati, a mlađi članovi obitelji donosili su im ručak. (Josip Doričić, Matulji)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
Cousins Josip Doričić lu Martinina/Martininov and Miho Doričić lu Ovčarić/Doričićev cutting grass (jårba) in the area called Ograda, Žejane, in the 1960’s. The cutting of grass began after the feast day of Saint Peter on June 29. During breaks, grass cutters would sit in the shade and sometimes sing, while younger members of the family would bring them lunch.(Josip Doričić, Matulji)
77
Ana Doričić lu Ovčarić/Doričićeva na povratku iz polja na leđima nosi breme raži (sekåra), Žejane, 1966. godi-ne. Raž se koristila za izradu slamnatih krovova i kao stočna hrana. Žejanke su na ovaj način na leđima kući nosile žitarice, sijeno i granje za ogrjev. Uz održavanje kućanstva i odgoj djece, sudjelovale su u gotovo svim poslovima ravnopravno s muškarcima. (Miho Doričić, Žejane, snimio Milan Marmilić)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
Ana Doričić lu Ovčarić/Doričićeva, upon returning from the field, carrying a bundle of rye (sekåra) on her back, Žejane, 1966. The rye was used to make thatch roofs and as livestock food. The women of Žejane carried grain, hay and firewood home on their backs in this manner. Along with keeping the household and bringing up children, they participated equally with men in almost all farm ac-tivities. (Miho Doričić, Žejane, photograph taken by Milan Marmilić)
78
Vožnja na sijenu (firu) veselje je za svako dijete, Jasna Doričić s ocem Franjom i stricem Josipom Doričićem lu Panjok/Štrbčevim, Žejane, 50-ih godina 20. sto-ljeća. Seljani su sijeno dopremali kući za-prežnim kolima, te ga spremali za zimu u sjenik (podu) na katu staje ili slagali u poljima i vrtovima u stogove (kopa).(Ivanka Doričić-Bačić, Žejane)
Hay (firu) rides were great fun for all children, Jasna Doričić with her father Franjo and uncle Josip Doričić lu Pan-jok/Štrbčev, Žejane, in the 1950’s. Vil-lagers brought hay home on ox-wagons, and stored it for the winter in haylofts (podu) on the top floor of the barns or arranged it in haystacks (kopa) in fields or gardens. (Ivanka Doričić-Bačić, Žejane)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
79
Susjedi pred kućom obitelji lu Jozo/Kuzmićevi, Žejane, 1967. godine. Trenutak predaha od dnevnih poslova uz razgovor između Ane Sanković lu Jandrina/Jandrinove (prva s desna) i Jelene Sanković lu Jozo/Kuzmićeve (dru-ga s desna), te njezinog sina Emila i nećakinje Jolande Sanković lu Limezu/Limezove. Marija Doričić lu Jerko/Baramatetova (prva s lijeva) na leđima nosi posudu za vodu (brenta). U starije doba, ova posuda za vodu je bila drvena.(Ana Doričić, Matulji)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
Neighbors in front of the house of the family lu Jozo/Kumićevi, Žejane, 1967. A moment of rest from daily duties and conversation between Ana Sanković lu Jan-drina/Jandrinove (first from the right) and Jelena Sanković lu Jozo/Kuzmićeve (second from the right), and her son Emil and niece Jolanda Sanković lu Limen-zu/Limezove. Marija Doričić lu Jerko/Baramatetova (first from the left) is carrying a water container (bren-ta) on her back. In the olden days, this water container was made of wood. (Ana Doričić, Matulji)
80
Kolinje u dvorištu obitelji le Gârzele/Grzelini, Žejane, 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Na tradicionalnu večeru na dan kolinja pozivani su susjedi i rodbina. Kraj ulaznih vrata (s lijeva) stoje posude za prikupljanje mlijeka, koje su od Žejanaca otkupljivale lokalne mljekare u vrijeme kada je većina kuća držala krave.(Robert Doričić, Lovran)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
Meat preparation in the yard of the family le Gârzele/Grzelini, Žejane, in the 1960’s. Neighbors and relatives were invited to a traditional dinner on the day of the pig slaughtering. Next to the entrance door (on the left) are containers for collecting milk, which was purchased from Žejane villagers by the local dairy at a time when the majority of homes still kept cattle. (Robert Doričić, Lovran)
81
Kovač Josip Doričić lu Martini-na/Martininov potkiva konja
Andrije Sankovića le Gâržinke/Gržinkinog, Žejane, 1977. godi-ne. Josip je stekao kovačko umi-
jeće u seoskoj kovačnici oca Mihe. Kovački posao uključivao je i potkivanje vučne stoke, vo-lova i krava, a tek kasnije i ko-
nja, koje su prije Drugog svjet-skog rata posjedovale samo bo-
gatije obitelji. (Josip Doričić, Matulji)
Blacksmith Josip Doričić lu Mar-tinina/Martininov shoeing the
horse of Andrija Sanković le Gâržinke/Gržinkin, Žejane,
1977. Josip acquired his black-smith’s skills in the village black-smith’s shop of his father Miho.
A blacksmith’s job included shoe-ing draft animals, oxen and
cows, and only later, horses, which were only owned by richer
families before World War Two.(Josip Doričić, Matulji)
Lukr
urle
de
saka
zi –
Sva
kodn
evni
pos
lovi
– E
very
day
jobs
82
Skupina mladića prilikom proslave, ranih 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Iako nije moguće sa sigurnošću utvrditi po-vod proslave, najvjerojatnije se radi o vjenčanju. Mlado-ženju je na putu prema mladoj pratila glazba na okiće-nim zaprežnim kolima. U svatovima je i jedan mladić iz Žejana. (Zorka Do ričić, Opatija)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
A group of young men on the occasion of a celebration, in the early 1930’s. Although it’s not possible to deter-mine with certainty the reason for the celebration, it is most probably a wedding. The groom was accompanied by musicians in a decorated horse-drawn cart on his way to the bride. There is also one young man from Žejane in the wedding party. (Zorka Doričić, Opatija)
83
Krizmanici Ana Manfreda lu Marti-nina/Martininova i Franjo Doričić lu
Påne/Panetov s kumovima, Vele Mune, 1932. godine. Biti izabran za
kuma (sutâlu) ili kumu (sutla) na krizmi predstavljalo je posebnu čast,
ali i važnu obavezu, a krizmanici su svoje kume i kumove poštivali cijelog
života. (Ana Manfreda, Žejane)
Candidates for confirmation Ana Manfred lu Martinina/Martininova and Franjo Doričić lu Påne/Panetov
with sponsors, Vele Mune, 1932. To be chosen for a male sponsor
(sutâlu) or female sponsor (sutla) for a confirmation represented a special
honor, but also an important respon-sibility, and candidates for confirma-
tion respected their sponsors throughout their lives.
(Ana Manfreda, Žejane) Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
84
Prvopričesnica Marija Doričić lu Špavi-ca/Maćulinova na ruševinama žejanske crkve, Žejane, oko 1952. godine. Premda je minirana krajem Drugog svjetskog rata, nakon čega su ostali sačuvani tek vanjski zidovi i dijelovi mramornog olta-ra, prostor nekadašnje crkve je i dalje bio štovano mjesto. U poslijeratnim godina-ma se ondje, u toplijim mjesecima, odr-žavao vjeronauk za žejansku djecu. (Luciana Rruku, Vele Mune, snimio Foto Tomée, Sušak)
Communicant Marija Doričić lu Špavica/Maćulinova at the ruins of the church in Žejane, Žejane, around 1952. Although it was blown up at the end of World War Two, after which only the outside walls and parts of the marble altar remained, the location of the one-time church con-tinued to be a revered place. In post war years, catechism for the children of Žejane was held here in the warmer months. (Luciana Rruku, Vele Mune, photograph by To-mée, Sušak)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
85
Vjenčanje (nuncile) u selu, Žejane, oko 1968. godine. Pri-likom vjenčanja gotovi su svi mještani i mještanke odla-zili "vidjeti mladu" i tako sudjelovali u ovom važnom ži-votnom događaju svojih susjeda. Običaj da mladoženjin kum od žejanskih mladića "otkupljuje" prolaz do mladen-kine kuće tako što od njih kupuje piće za sudionike svad-bene povorke sačuvao se do kraja prošlog stoljeća.(Emil Marmilić, Žejane)
A wedding (nuncile) in the village, Žejane, around 1968. On the occasion of a wedding, almost all the villagers would come to "see the bride" and in this way participate in this important life event of their neighbors. The tradi-tion of the groom’s best man "buying" his way to the bride’s house from the young men of Žejane by buying drinks for the participants in the wedding procession was preserved up until the end of the 20th century.(Emil Marmilić, Žejane)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
86
Djevojke iz Žejana i Muna prigodom pjevačkog nastupa, mjesto u unutrašnjosti Istre, početkom 40-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Djevojke su odjevene u tradicijsku odjeću (počr-njenka) sela iz kojih dolaze. Žensko tradicijsko pjevanje (kânta) u ovim selima više se ne čuje.(Vilim Sanković, Žejane)
On the occasion of a singing performance by young women from Žejane and Mune at a locality in the Is-trian interior, in the early 1940’s. The young women are dressed in traditional attire (počrnjenka) of the villages they come from. Traditional female singing (kânta) in these villages is not heard any more. (Vilim Sanković, Žejane)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
87
Mladi iz Žejana na plesu pred školom, Žejane, 1950. godine. Plesovi su bili organizirani u različitim prigoda-ma i na različitim lokacijama, od škole do gostione i javne cisterne (Ploč) u središtu mjesta. Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, plesove najčešće prati glazba harmonike (armoniga) i bubnja.(Dejan Pertaut, Rijeka, snimio Foto Tomée, Sušak)
Young people from Žejane dancing in front of the school, Žejane, 1950. Dances were organized on various occa-sions and at various locations, from the school to the restaurant and public water cistern (Ploč) in the centre of the village. After World War Two, dances were often ac-companied by the music of the accordion (armoniga) and drums. (Dejan Pertaut, Rijeka, photograph by Foto Tomée, Sušak)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
88
Žejanski zvončari s pratnjom na dan Pusta, Žejane, ranih 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Običaj da na dan Pusta zvone samo dva zvončara zadržao se do 60-ih godina, kada je njihov broj počeo postupno rasti. Biti izabran za jednog od dva zvončara bila je velika čast. Zvončarski šešir (kumaråk) izrađivali su mladići koji su bili uključeni u pusno društvo.(Ivanka Doričić-Bačić, Žejane)
Bell ringers from Žejane with their entourage on Fat Tuesday, Žejane, in the early 1960’s. The tradition that only two bell ringers ring bells on Fat Tuesday was re-tained until the 1960’s when their number began to gradually increase. To be chosen as one of the two bell ringers was a great honor. Bell ringer hats (kumaråk) were made by young men who were part of the carnival society. (Ivanka Doričić-Bačić, Žejane)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
89
Maškarani ples u prostorijama ško-le (šula), Žejane, oko 1960. godine.
Nezaobilazan dio pusnih događanja bili su pusni plesovi pod maskama. Kako se može vidjeti na slici, odvi-
jali su se uz svjetlo petrolejskih lam-pi (zęda) do 1962. godine, kada je u Žejane uvedena električna energija.
(Iris Perkat, Prhati)
Masquerade ball in the school premises, around 1960. An essen-
tial part of the carnival events were the masquerade balls. As can be
seen in the photograph, they were held by the light of petroleum
lamps (zęda) until 1962, when elec-tricity arrived in Žejane.
(Iris Perkat, Prhati)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
90
Žejanci na dan Pusta, Male Mune, 1972. godine. Od početka 70-ih godina 20. stoljeća pa do danas, zvon-čare i njihovu pratnju, mla-diće obučene "u bijelo" (ân åbo), prilikom "pobiranja" jaja (ošore), slanine i drugih darova kod domaćina iz Velih i Malih Muna i Žeja-na ponekad prate i alego-rijska kola.(Tatijana Sanković, Žejane)
Villagers of Žejane on Fat Tuesday, Male Mune, 1972. From the early 1970’s up to the present day, the bell ringers and their entourage, young men dressed "in white" (ân åbo), are sometimes ac-companied by carnival floats as they collect eggs (ošore), bacon and other gifts from their hosts in Vele and Male Mune and Žejane.(Tatijana Sanković, Žejane)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
91
Druženje uz kapljicu vina u gostioni (oštarije) la Šepalo/kod Šepala, Žejane, 1964. godine. Na slici su, s lijeva, Bo-ris Doričić lu Ovčarić/Doričićev, Zvonko Marmilić lu Še-palo/Šepalov, Miro Sanković lu Tonić/Tonićev, Cvetko Rado Doričić lu Ovčarić/Doričićev i Anton Turković lu Mihålj/Brgujkin. U žejanskim se gostionama, tokom vre-mena smještenim na raznim lokacijama, čulo tradicio-nalno pjevanje na žejanskom jeziku (žejånska kânta), ali i onovremeni popularni hitovi, koje je od 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća izvodio glazbeni sastav "Sandor" u kojem su svi-rali Boris, Rado i Miro.(Robert Doričić, Lovran)
Socializing over a glass of wine in the restaurant (oštarije) la Šepalo/at Šepalo, Žejane, 1964. In the photograph, from the left, Boris Doričić lu Ovčarić/Doričićev, Zvonko Marmilić lu Šepalo/Šepalov, Miro Sanković lu Tonić/Tonićev, Cvetko Rado Doričić lu Ovčarić/Doričićev and Anton Turković lu Mihålj/Brgujkin. In the taverns of Žejane, located in different places over time, one could hear traditional singing in the Zheyanski language (žejånska kânta) as well as the popular hits of the time. In the 1960’s, they were performed by the band "Sandor", whose members were Boris, Rado and Miro.(Robert Doričić, Lovran)
Fešt
ele
– Pr
osla
ve –
Cel
ebra
tion
s
92
Učenici s učiteljem (šumåjštâru) Giacintom Grecom pred školom (šula) la Martinine/kod Martininovih, Žejane, sredinom 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Prva škola u Žejana-ma otvorena je desetak godina ranije, 1926. godine, u kući obitelji lu Didić/Didićevi na talijanskom jeziku. Od školske godine 1929./1930. škola je djelovala u kući obi-telji lu Martinina/Martininovi.(Zdenka Šutalo, Žejane)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
School children with their teacher (šumåjštâru) Giacin-to Greco in front of the school (šula) la Martinine/at Martininovih, Žejane, in the mid 1930’s. The first school in Žejane was opened ten years earlier, in 1926, in the house of the family lu Didić/Didićevi, in the Ital-ian language. From the academic year 1929/1930, the school operated in the house of the family lu Martini-na/Martininovi.(Zdenko Šutalo, Žejane)
93
Skupina učenika s učiteljicom (šumåjštarica) u vrtu obite-lji le Urse/Ursini, Žejane, školske godine 1941./1942. Žejanska su djeca do 1926. godine, od 80-ih godina 19. stoljeća, osnovnu školu pohađala u susjednim Velim Mu-nama. Nastava se odvijala na hrvatskom jeziku. Od škol-ske godine 1921./1922., hrvatski se jezik u nastavi po-stupno zamjenio talijanskim.(Ana Legac, Volosko)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
A group of school children with their teacher (šumåj-štarica) in the garden of the family le Urse/Ursini, Žejane, in the academic year 1941/1942. Up until 1926, from the 1880’s, the children of Žejane attended elementary school in the neighboring Vele Mune. Classes were held in the Croatian language. From the academic year 1921/1922, the Croatian language was gradually replaced by the Italian language in class.(Ana Legac, Volosko)
94
Žejanski školarci s učiteljicom Pavicom Pahar, Žejane, 1951. godine. Prva školska zgrada izgrađena je u Žeja-nama dobrovoljnim radom mještana i otvorena 1946. godine, a djeca su pohađala školu na hrvatskom jeziku. Prvi učitelji u novootvorenoj školi, školske godine 1946./1947., bili su Vlado Grgić i Dragica Barišić.(Karmen Doričić, Vele Mune, snimio Foto Tomée, Sušak)
School children from Žejane with their teacher Pavica Pahar, Žejane, 1951. The first school building was built in Žejane through the volunteer work of the locals and was opened in 1946. The children attended school in the Croatian language. The first teachers in the newly opened school, in the academic year 1946/1947, were Vlado Grgić and Dragica Barišić. (Karmen Doričić, Vele Mune, photograph by Foto Tomée, Sušak)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
95
Nekoliko generacija Žejanki i Žejanaca u dvorištu škole, Žejane, 1951. godine. Školske godine 1949./1950., pet je razreda u dvije skupine pohađalo 98 učenika. Učenici i omladina sudjelovali su u izvanškolskim aktivnostima te pripremali priredbe povodom praznika tokom cijele godine.(Jelka Čoholić, Rijeka, snimio Foto Tomée, Sušak)
A few generations of girls and boys from Žejane in the school yard, Žejane, 1951. In the academic year 1949/ 1950, five grades in two groups were attended by 98 school children. School children and youths participat-ed in extracurricular activities and prepared perfor-mances for the holidays throughout the year. (Jelka Čoholić, Rijeka, photograph by Foto Tomée, Sušak)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
96
Učiteljica Vida Franić sa svojim učenicima, Žejane, oko 1953. godine. Većina je žejanske djece od rođenja unutar svojih obitelji i u selu govorila žejanski jezik, a tek u školi počela koristiti hrvatski jezik. Neka su djeca prije odlaska u školu poznavala i hrvatsko čakavsko narječje susjednih sela Velih i Malih Muna.(Karmen Doričić, Vele Mune)
Teacher Vida Franić with her students, Žejane, around 1953. The majority of children from Žejane spoke the Zheyanski language from birth with their families and in the village, and only began to use the Croatian lan-guage when they started school. Before starting school, some children also learned the Croatian Chakavian dia-lect of the neighboring village of Vele and Male Mune.(Karmen Doričić, Vele Mune)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
97
Polaznici žejanske škole s učiteljicom Nikicom Krgom, Žejane, oko 1955. godine. Kako bi djeci bilo olakšano učenje hrvatskog jezika, u veljači 1953. otvoren je pri-premni razred kojeg je vodila učiteljica Radojka Đuro-vić. Te je godine pripremni razred pohađalo 24 djece.(Sonja Stambulić, Žejane)
School children from the Žejane school with their teach-er Nikica Krga, Žejane, around 1955. To ease learning of the Croatian language for the children, in February 1953 a preparatory grade was opened, which was run by the teacher Radojka Đurović. In this year, the preparatory grade was attended by 24 children.(Sonja Stambulić, Žejane)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
98
Prvašići i njihova učiteljica Elizabeta Kršul, Žejane, školska godina 1955./1956. Te je školske godine nastavu pohađalo 44 učenika i 20 polaznika pripremnog razreda. Od 1950. godine, nakon završenog 4. razreda, žejanski su učenici više razrede osnovne škole pohađali u Velim Munama. (Sonja Stambulić, Žejane)
First graders and their teacher Elizabeta Kršula, Žejane, in the academic year 1955/1956. In this academic year, class was attended by 44 school children and 20 chil-dren attending preparatory grade. Since 1950, after completing the fourth grade, school children from Žejane attended higher grades of elementary school in Vele Mune.(Sonja Stambulić, Žejane)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
99
Jedan školski dan, Žejane, 1957. godine. Godinu da na ranije uređena je prostorija školske knjižnice i čitaonice u koju su stizali dnevni listovi (cajtinga) i časopisi za mlade. Mladi iz Žejana su u velikom broju posjećivali ovu čitaonicu.(Vilim Sanković, Žejane)
A school day in Žejane, 1957. A year earlier, a school library and reading room was opened and was supplied with daily newspapers (cajtinga) and teen magazines. Young people from Žejane visited this reading room in large numbers.(Vilim Sanković, Žejane)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
100
Učiteljice žejanske škole Branka Afrić (s lijeva) i Nikica Krga, Žejane, 1957. godi-ne. Obje su učiteljice bile vrlo posvećene osmišljavanju vanškolskih aktivnosti te je tako osnovana žejanska školska dram-ska i pjevačka skupina. Za mlade Žejanke je Nikica Krga vodila i tečaj prve pomoći i tečaj kuhanja. (Darinka Sanković, Žejane)
Teachers from the Žejane school Branka Afrić (from the left) and Nikica Krga, Žejane, 1957. Both teachers were very dedicated to organizing extracurricular activities and so the Žejane school dra-ma club and singing group were found-ed. Nikica Krga also held a first aid course and a cooking course for the young women of Žejane.(Darinka Sanković, Žejane)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
101
Učenici žejanske škole s učiteljicom Maricom Tomić, Žejane, oko 1960. godine. Od 1958. godine žejanska su djeca polazila i četvrti razred u munskoj školi. Uslijed kontinuiranog pada broja upisanih učenika u sljedećim godinama, žejanska je škola prestala s radom sredinom 90-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Danas većina djece iz Žejana počinje pohađati osnovnu školu u Brešcima. (Silvio Turković, Žejane)
School children of the Žejane school with their teacher Marica Tomić, Žejane, around 1960. From 1958, chil-dren from Žejane also attended the fourth grade in the Vele Mune school. Due to a continued fall in the num-ber of enrolled school children in years to come, the Žejane school closed down in the mid 1990’s. Today the majority of children from Žejane attend the elementa-ry school in Brešce.(Silvio Turković, Žejane)
Ân
šula
– U
ško
li –
In s
choo
l
102
Braća iz obitelji lu Mårcu/Jeličičini, Bessemer (Pennsyl-vania), SAD, oko 1910. godine. Početkom 20. stoljeća veliki broj Žejanaca odlazi u Sjedinjene Američke Države (Merika) za boljim životom. Ondje najčešće rade u drvnoj industriji. Među čestim odredištima su grad Bessemer (Pennsylvania) i Tacoma (Washington). Nerijetko su nji-hov put slijedila mlađa braća i sestre. Od petoro braće jedino se Jakov Sanković vratio kući.(Karmen Doričić, Vele Mune)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
Brothers from the family lu Mårcu/Jeličičini, Bessemer (Pennsylvania), USA, around 1910. At the beginning of the 20th century, a great number of people from Žejane departed for the United States of America (Merika) in search of a better life. There, they most often worked in the wood industry. Among common destinations were the cities of Bessemer (Pennsylvania) and Tacoma (Wash-ington). Often, their path was followed by younger brothers and sisters. Of five brothers, only Jakov San-ković returned home.(Karmen Doričić, Vele Mune)
103
Drvosječa Ivan Doricich lu Panjok/Štrbčev (označen križićem) u šumama Zapadne Australije, kasnih 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Kad je 1923. godine otišao iz Žeja-na u Australiju, Ivan je već bio otac tri djeteta. Prije Drugog svjetskog rata mlađi muškarci su često odlazili na rad u prekomorske zemlje. Oni oženjeni su odlazili bez ostatka obitelji. Mnogi su se vraćali u Žejane, ali tek nakon dužeg niza godina.(Ivanka Doričić-Bačić, Žejane)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
Wood cutter Ivan Doricich lu Panjok/Štrbčev (marked with a cross) in the woods of Western Australia, in the late 1930’s. When he left Žejane in 1923 for Australia, Ivan was already a father of three children. Before World War Two, younger men often left to work over-seas. Married men departed without the rest of their family. Many returned to Žejane, however, only after many years. (Ivanka Doričić-Bačić, Žejane)
104
Andrija Stambulić lu Matijo/Šćurinov u lovu, Fremantle, Zapadna Australija, ka-snih 20-ih godina 20. stoljeća. U razdoblju nakon Prvog svjetskog rata mnogi su Že-janci emigrirali u Australiju. Andrija je on-dje radio deset godina, a nakon povratka u Žejane ušteđenim je novcem izgradio novu obiteljsku kuću.(Ana Legac, Volosko)
Andrija Stambulić lu Matijo/Šćurinov hunting in Freemantle, Western Australia, in the late 1920’s. In the period after World War One, many inhabitants from Žejane immigrated to Australia. Andrija worked there for ten years, and, after his return to Žejane, he built a new family home with the money he had saved.(Ana Legac, Volosko)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
105
Ivan Doricich lu Panjok/Štrbčev s obitelji na druženju Istrana u dvorištu obitelji Sepich, Kalgoorlie, Zapadna Australija, kasnih 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Ivanu (oz-načen križićem) su se 1936. godine pridružili supruga (muljåra) Katarina (križić) i njihova djeca (fečori) Ana, John i Zdenka (križić), a na put su krenuli brodom iz Napulja u Italiji.(Ivanka Doričić-Bačić, Žejane)
Ivan Doricich lu Panjok/Štrbčev and his family social-izing with other Istrians in the yard of the Sepich fam-ily, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, in late 1930’s. Ivan (marked with a cross) was joined by his wife (muljåra) Katarina (cross) and their children (fečori) Ana, John and Zdenka (cross), who departed on a long trip by ship from Naples, Italy.(Ivanka Doričić-Bačić, Žejane)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
106
Mate Sanković lu Kljomina/Ciganov (stoji), Buenos Aires, Argentina, 30-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Osim Australije, nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, u potrazi za poslom Žejanci odlaze i u Južnu Ameriku. Mate je ondje radio na građe-vinskim poslovima, a vratio se u Žeja-ne, nakon 18 godina, 1948. godine.(Drago Sanković, Žejane)
Mate Sanković lu Kljomina/Ciganov (standing), Buenos Aires, Argentina, in the 1930’s. Aside from Australia, after World War One, the inhabitants of Žejane also departed for South America in search of work. Mate worked construction jobs, returning to Žejane after 18 years in 1948.(Drago Sanković, Žejane)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
107
Anton Doricic lu Påne/Panetov (prvi s lijeva) sa supru-gom kod prijatelja na ručku, SAD, ranih 40-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Nakon odlaska 1906. godine nije se trajno vra-tio u rodni kraj. Održavao je kontakt s bratom Josipom iz Žejana, a pisma (hårta) su bila praćena ponekom fotogra-fijom i katkad darovima za Josipa i njegovu obitelj.(Dragan Doričić, Žejane)
Anton Doricic lu Påne/Panetov (first from the left) with his wife, having lunch at a friend’s house, USA, early 1940’s. After leaving in 1906, he did not return to live in his place of birth. He kept in contact with his brother Josip from Žejane, and letters (hårta) were often ac-companied with a photograph or two and, sometimes, gifts for Josip and his family.(Dragan Doričić, Žejane)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
108
Zdenka Doricich lu Panjok/Štrbčeva na prvom plesu, Kalgoorlie, Zapadna Au-stralija, kasnih 40-ih godina 20. stolje-ća. Djeca iseljenih Žejanaca održavala su kontakt sa svojim rođacima u Žeja-nama putem pisama i fotografija. Zden-ka je podijelila sa svojom ujnom Jele-nom Sanković radost odlaska na prvi svečani ples u dugoj haljini. (Alan Sanković, Lovran)
Zdenka Doricich lu Panjok/Štrbčeva at her first dance, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, late 1940’s. Children of immi-grants from Žejane kept in contact with their relatives in the village with letters and photographs. Zdenka shared the joy of attending her first official dance in a long gown with her aunt Jelena Sanković. (Alan Sanković, Lovran)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
109
John Sankovic, Bessemer (Pennsylvania), SAD, 50-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Ponosni
otac Anton Sankovic lu Mårcu/Jeličičin poslao je nećakinji Katarini Stambulić iz Žejana u pismu fotografiju njezinog bra-
tića (zârmån) Johna pored novog automobila.
(Karmen Doričić, Vele Mune)
John Sankovic, Bessemer (Pennsylva-nia), USA, in the 1950’s. Proud father
Anton Sankovic lu Mårcu/Jeličičin sent to his niece Katarina Stambulić from
Žejane a photograph of her cousin (zârmån) John next to his new car.
(Karmen Doričić, Vele Mune)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
110
Mary Doricich sa sinom Florianom na dan njegove promocije, Bessemer (Pe-nnsylvania), SAD, 1959. godine. U no-voj domovini žejanski roditelji su djeci mogli omogućiti i visoko obrazovanje. Maryjin muž i Florianov otac Matt Doricich lu Ovčarić/Doričićev bio je jedan od osnivača Hrvatskog kluba/Croatian Club u Bessemeru.(Nives Kastelić, Šapjane)
Mary Doricich with son Florian on the day of his graduation, Bessemer (Penn-sylvania), USA, 1959. In their new homeland, parents from Žejane could even provide their children with higher education. Mary’s husband and Flori-an’s father, Matt Doricich lu Ovčarić/Doričićev, was one of the founders of the Croatian Club Bessemer.(Nives Kastelić, Šapjane)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
111
Ispraćaj Marije Doricic lu Mišić/Mišićeve nakon posjeta roditeljskom domu, Žejane, 1968. godine. Marija je emi-grirala 1958. godine u Italiju i živjela u Bariju. Krajem 50-ih i 60-ih godina prošlog stoljeća, zbog loše prometne povezanosti Žejana i u potrazi za unosnijim poslovima i lakšim načinom života, mnoštvo je mladih otišlo u stra-ne zemlje ili odselilo u obližnje gradove (četåte). (Iris Perkat, Prhati)
The farewell to Marija Doricic lu Mišić/Mišićeve after a visit to her parental home, Žejane, 1968. Marija immi-grated to Italy in 1958 and lived in Bari. At the end of the 1950’s and 1960’s, due to bad road connections to Žejane and in search of more lucrative work and an easier way of life, many young people departed for for-eign countries or moved to nearby towns (četåte).(Iris Perkat, Prhati)
Ân
svit
– U
svi
jetu
– In
the
wor
ld
Neka nu me uci... Da me ne zaboraviš...
So you don’t forget me...
Nek
a nu
me
uci..
. Da
me
ne za
bora
viš...
So
you
don’
t for
get m
e...
ISBN 978-953-55781-2-3
Cijena u Hrvatskoj 70 Kn
