Needs, Targets and Opportuni2es for Green Technology in ... · PDF fileNeeds, Targets and...

Needs,TargetsandOpportuni2esforGreenTechnologyinBangladesh

Md.MafizurRahmanProfessor

DepartmentofCivilEngineeringBangladeshUniversityofEngineeringandTechnology(BUET)

[email protected]

Energy,EnvironmentandEcosystems(3E)NexusIni2a2veforSustainabledevelopmentinAsianCountriesRamadaBitangBaliResort,Bali,Indonesia平成28年7月7日

Needs,TargetsandOpportunitiesforGreenTechnologyinBangladeshDr.Md.Mafizur Rahman

Professor,DepartmentofCivilEngineering-BUET

PROGRESSOFTHENETWORKINGACTIVITIES

Mee2ngswithinBangladesh&Japan

•  1stDecemberSkypeMee2ng•  15thJanuarySkypeMee2ngs—Cancelleddueto

unavoidablecircumstances•  16thFebruary•  18-20thFebruary—WithinBangladeshiCounterparts

Study Workshop Proceedings Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh

•  Ways to involve Academic Community andResearchers

•  Brief Discussion on what kind of Projects JCMSupports

•  Poten2al and challenges for JCM projects in thecountry and how the domes2c network cancontribute

Study Workshop Proceedings December 1st, 2014　

Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh

•  CouldnotbeheldduetounavoidablecircumstancesinBangladesh.

Study Workshop Proceedings January15th, 2015　


Study Workshop Proceedings February 16th, 2015　4:00-5:30 PM


PresentaOonOne:JointCredi2ngMechanism (JCM)projects for Sustainable LowCarbon Development in Asia- Pacific Region-- 3E NexusSecretariat, Integrated Research System for SustainabilityScience(IR3S),TheUniversityofTokyo,JapanPresentaOonTwo:Energy, Environment and Ecosystems (3E) Nexus Ini2a2ve;KensukeFukushi,Ph.D.,Professor,IntegratedResearchSystemforSustainabilityScience(IR3S),TheUniversityofTokyo,Japan


Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh SlNo Name DesignaOon OrganizaOon

1 Dr.Md.MafizurRahman

Professor,DepartmentofCivilEngineering

BangladeshUniversityofEngineering&Technology(BUET)

2 Engr.Md.ShahariarKamal Manager-CreditRiskManagement

IDLCFinanceLimited

3 Engr.Md.Kamruzzaman SeniorEnergySectorSpecialist

USAID-CCEBProgram

4 Engr.Md.MehbuboorRahman

AssistantManager-GreenFinance

IDLCFinanceLimited

5 Engr.Md.IbrahimHossain Proprietor/CEO; CENTREFORENGINEERING&TECHNICALASSISTANCE(CETA);Bangladesh

6 SanoarHossain Professional LeatherTechnology

ParOcipantsFromJapan:•  KensukeFukushi,Ph.D.,Professor,IntegratedResearchSystemfor

SustainabilityScience(IR3S);TheUniversityofTokyo,Japan•  YukiHashimoto,IDEAConsultants,Inc.

Researcher,OverseasProjectsDepartment2-2-2Hayabuchi,Tsuzuki-ku,Yokohama,JAPAN224-0025



SummaryofthepresentaOonOneü IntroducOonofparOcipantsü ExplanaOonofaimofthisproject–focusedoncrea2onofanacademicnetworkü Background/beginningoftheproject–carbontaxonelectricitybillusedasfundingforMOEJandMETIü Host country and Japan can discuss and decide how to issue MRV, how to make credits.Carboncreditswillbesharedbetweenthe2countries,ra2oTBD.ü ExplanaOonofJCMFramework,JointCommi[eeü Pla\orms to Support Leapfrog – Local governments of Japanwants to share theirexperiences/technologies,thisprojectispartoftheresearchplahormü ComparisonofJCMwiththeCDM–JCMismoreflexiblethantheCDM,processisquitesimilarü Criteria of JCMMethodology –carbon reduced should be derived from energy, i.e.conver2ngmethanetoCO2isnotincludedü Forfinancing,planningtobeabout300millionUSDperyearü Inves2nginlong-termlarge-scalecarbonreduc2onsisalsoimportantiswherewecanplayarole(i.e.trafficmonitoringanddatacollec2oninBangkok)




Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh SummaryofthepresentaOonTwo:3ENexus

ü Importanceofco-benefits(i.e.highefficiencypowerplantalsoreleaseslowamountofpollutantssuchassulfuroxide,etc.).Needtodevelopcashvalueofnaturalenvironment,reduc2onofpollu2on,etc.ü ExplanaOonofsteeringcommi[ee,firstkickoffmeeOng,currentnetworkmap,etc.ü LowcarboninrelaOontoecosystemisdifficultbutmustbeincludedinthefuture(i.e.highefficiencycoalpower-plantreducesacidrainandeffectonforest)ü Hopetomakemoreconcreteprojectsfromnextyearandstrengthenthenetworkmoretoconnectindustriesandacademicians,government,etc.HopethattheBangladeshacademicianscanbetheconsultantsfortheprojects.

•  WhendoingtheFS,peopleneedtogothroughtheOne-StopService?•  JCM is approved only when Japanese company is approved, when

Bangladeshcompanyhasanidea,howcantheydevelopandpar2cipateintheJCMprojects?

•  Whobearsthecostwhendoingaprojectforexampleinindustry?•  Fortheinvestment,isitagrantoraloan?•  Are there guidelines on what kind of technologies that you have to

purchase/investin?•  CantheindustrydirectlycontacttheJCMcomminee?•  Howlongdoesittaketoapproveaproject?•  Can you please clarify on the Japanese involvement (i.e. manufacturing

company), are there certain condi2ons to make the projects withJapanesecompanies?


Virtual Skype Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh QuesOonsAskedfromDifferentBangladeshiParOcipants

•  PossiblewayForwards•  Involvementsandcontribu2onfromeachPar2cipants•  Prepara2onfortheupcomingPresenta2on•  Academic community/researchers involvement in crea2ng

futureJCMprojects•  Ideas on how to create an effec2ve network for 3E Nexus/

JCMprojectswithinthecountry•  Measurement,Repor2ng,Verifica2on(MRV)methodsrelated

toJCMprojects,howthedomes2cnetworkcancontributetoMRV

Study Workshop Proceedings February 20th, 2015　

Conference with Dhaka, Bangladesh

ProspectsandConstraintsofJCMinBD

Outcomes of Group Meeting 1

17

Bangladeshataglance

18

Bangladeshataglance• NortheasternpartofSoutheastAsia•  SurroundedbyIndia,Myanmar&BayofBengal

Loca2on

• Area:147,570squarekm•  Lowflatlandconsis2ngofalluvialsoil

Area&Terrain

• Hotsummerwithhighhumidity(March-June)

• Monsoon(July-October)• Drywinter(November-February)

Clima2cCondi2on

19

Bangladesh:DemographicInfo

Total Population: 166.3 Million

0-14 years 34.3%

15-64 years 61.1%

65 years and over 4.6%

20

EconomyofBangladesh• Thecountryisclassifiedasnextelevenemergingmarket

• Poten2almemberoffron2erfive

•  Enteringintogoldeneraasmorethan60%ofpopula2onisinworkablecondi2on(age15-65)

•  ConstantGDPgrowthofmorethan6%hasbeenobservedthroughoutlast10years

21

Economy:Parametersinanutshell

ConstantGDPGrowth6%

22

DrivingForceofEconomy

Industrial Development

Agriculture

Remittance Foreign Investment

23

Contribu2ontoExportEarning

6061.58

5962.7

355.03

370.77 211.12

57.37 251.48

221.05 327.77

56.46

1038.88

Export Volume (July-December 2014)

Knitwear Woven RMG Frozen Food Home textile Leather Chemical Products Foot wear Engineering Products Agricultural Products Raw Jute Others

24

OpportunityforInvestment• Governmentpolicyencouragesforeigninvestors

•  Infrastructuraldevelopmentisongoingtocreatemorescope

•  LessForExriskactsasadrivingfactorforforeigncurrencyfinancing

• HigherrateofinterestfromlocalBanksdiscouragessponsors

25

ScopeofInvestment

NewprojectFinancing

Expansionofexis2ng

Workingcapital

Efficienttechnologyandprocessimprovement

26

CarbonFootprint

Contribution of Bangladesh

0.14%

27

GovernmentIni2a2vetowardsCDMProjects

• PolicyonREandEEisalreadyinplace

• Targetedcontribu2onofREis5%oftotalpowergenera2onby2015

• By2020,Governmentisplanningtoenhanceitto10%

• 6thFiveyearplancreatesopportunitytosave10%ofenergythroughEE

ButBo[lenecksaresOlldominaOng

InvestmentChallenges&Mi2ga2on

q  Aid/Grantq  SubsidizedLoansq  Flexiblestructureandlongertenorq  Creditguarantee

q  Capacitybuildingofallrelevantstakeholdersq  ResearchandDevelopment

q MassAwarenessq  Promo2onalCampaignq  Policyandframework

PotenOalareasof

acOvityforJCM

29

JCM-BDCounterpartMee2ng

v Amee2ngwasconductedtosortoutpossibleopportuni2esandscopeofJCMinBangladesh.

v  JCM-Bangladesh Focal Person Dr. Md. Mafizur Rahmanpresidedoverthemee2ng.

v Par2cipantstriedtosortoutscopesandopportuni2esunderJCMumbrella.

v  Different sectors were iden2fied based on their poten2al,contribu2on to na2onal economy and environment, possibleoutcomeetc.

30

Sor2ngoutOpportuni2es

Energy Efficiency in Textile, Power, Steel etc sector

Renewable Energy

Brick Kiln Green Building

Waste to Energy

Policy and Awareness campaign

31

Scope1:EnergyEfficiencyq  Interven2ons based on energy audit to reduce energy

consump2onq  Poten2alSectors:

q Tex2leandReadyMadeGarmentsq SteelandRerollingq Cementq Pharmaceu2calsq PowerGenera2on

q Government’sgoaltoreduceenergyconsump2on,addi2onalcharge for power, poten2al savings opportunity are drivingfactor

32

S1:EE-ImprovementOp2onsReplacementofoldboilerwiththermo-oilorsimilartype

ReplacementwithefficientLEDligh2ngsystem

ImprovementinHVACsystem

UseofvariableFrequencyDrive(VFD)inmotor

Processimprovementandautoma2on

ImprovementofChiller,Compressorandotherappliances

33

Scope2:RenewableEnergyq  BangladeshshareonREisgrowingduetopowerscarcityand

pricehikeq  TypesofRE:

q SolarEnergyq Biogasq WindEnergyq Hydroelecr2city

q RE has strengthen its foot step in both on grid and off-gridareaofruralBangladesh

34

S2:RE-Applicability

SlNo Type Area Industry

1 SolarEnergy AlloverBangladeshspeciallyoff-gridareas

Householdlevel,CleanEnergyGenera2on,Gridconnectednetwork

2 Biogas AlloverBangladesh Householdlevel,Poultryanddairy,Agriculturalwaste

3 Hydroelectricity HillyRegionofChinagongandSylhet

Gridconnectednetwork

4 WindEnergy CoastalBelt Gridconnectednetwork

35

S2:RE-FewExamplesq  IDCOLhas installedmorethan3MillionSolarHomeSystem

alloverthecountryq  Two30MWcapacityWindEnergyisgoingtobeinstalledin

coastalareasofCox’sBazarq Kaptaidamestablishedin1960ss2llhasgotthepoten2alof

genera2ngmorethan230MWofhydroelectricity

q  It isexpectedthat largesizecleanenergyprojectswill shareitscontribu2oninna2onalgrid

36

Scope3:WastetoEnergy

q  TheconceptofWastetoEnergyistogenerateelectricityortoproducefer2lizerfromdifferentsortsofwaste

q Conversion of waste to energy preserves environment andemergedasgoodbusinessopportunity

q Proposed Waste to Energy project at sanitary landfill nearDhaka, Compos2ng facility frommunicipal waste is drawinginvestor’sanen2on.

37

S3:WastetoEnergy-FewOp2ons

ETPandreduc2onofLiquorra2oninfabricdyeing

Compos2ngandprepara2onoffer2lizerfrommunicipalwaste

Electricitygenera2onfromsanitarylandfill

WasteWaterTreatment/SewageTreatmentPlant

MethaneRecovery

38

Scope4:BrickKiln

q  Brick is oneof thebasic construc2onmaterial andusedallover.

q Contribu2onofBrickindustryis1%tona2onalGDP

q S2ll we are prac2cing tradi2onal Fixed Chimney Kiln(FCK)Technology which has severe impacts. Around 85% ofproducedbrickscomesfromFCK

q Government as well as ADB,WB are encouragingestablishmentofnewtechnologytoconserveenvironment.

39

Scope4:BrickKiln-Classifica2on

Brick Kiln

Fixed Chimney

Kiln (85%) Zigzag (12%)

Hoffman (3%) Tunnel Kiln

40

Scope4:BrickKiln-FCK

q  FixedChimneyKilnhasgotcertaindisadvantages:

q Producesmoresmokeandemission

q SOxandNOxemissionisprenyhigh

q Por2onoffirstclassbrickisbelow60%

q Costofproduc2onishigh

q Laborintensivetechnology

q  Involvesoccupa2onalhealthandsafetyhazards

41

Scope4:BrickKiln-Opportunity

q  Duetogovernmentrestric2onallFCKneedstobeconvertedintoZigzag/Hoffman/TunnelKilntechnology

q LicenseissuedforFCKwillnotberenewedfromnextyear

q Newtechnologyrequiresmoreinvestmentwithflexibleterms

q JCMcanscopeopportuni2esfromhere

q TunnelKilntechnologyisasuitableCPproject

42

Scope5:GreenBuilding

q  Inordertomeetcomplianceissue,enhancebrandvalueandto secure addi2onal premium in pricing sponsors of Tex2leandRMGsectorsareconstruc2nggreenbuildings

q United State Green Building Council (USGBC) cer2fied LEEDGreenBuildingsareraisingtheirheadinthecountry

q Duetohighini2alinvestment,sponsorsarefacingbonlenecks

q Presently 64 numbers of buildings have been registered asGreenwithUSGBC

43

Scope5:GreenBuilding

q  KeyIssuesofGreenBuilding:

q Sustainablesite

q Airefficiencyandcircula2on’

q Waterefficiency

q Energyefficiency

q Significant amount of carbon credit generated from theseprojectsareratherunu2lizedornotyetdiscivered.

44

Scope6:PolicyandCampaign

q  JCMmayalsoscopeopportuni2esin:

q Trainingandawarenessprogram

q Capacitybuildingoflocalstakeholders

q Policy,advocacyknowledgesharing

q Sharingofbestprac2ceallaroundglobe

q Researchanddevelopmentforscopingfurther

q Ensuring the appropriate technologies at an affordablecost

45

Recommenda2onsfromBD

q  Followingrecommenda2onsmaybeconsideredforefficientu2liza2onofresourcesofJCM:

q Apart from inves2ng only in transporta2on sector, JCMmayworkoutotherpoten2alsectors

q  Investmentcanbemadeopenforall industrycapableofgenera2ngcarboncredit

q  Industry belong to local sponsors need to be consideredfordevelopinginawidespreadmanner

q GuidelineonJCMinvestmentinBDneedtobeformulatedbeforestar2ng.

Outcomes of Group Meeting 2 CLEANER PRODUCTION (CP) CONCEPTS AND PRACTICE: A TESTED WAY TO REDUCE

CO2 EMISSION

47

Passive environmental strategies

Dilute & disperse

48

Reactive environmental strategies

End-of-pipeapproaches

49

ReacOveenvironmentalstrategies

On-siterecycling

50

Proactive environmental strategies: Cleaner Production

PrevenOonofWastegeneraOon:

- Goodhousekeeping- Inputsubs2tu2on- Benerprocesscontrol- Equipmentmodifica2on- Technologychange- On-siterecovery/reuse- Produc2onofausefulby-product- Productmodifica2on

51

CleanerProduc2onFinancingThe“CostofWaste”Iceberg

THEHIDDENCOSTOFWASTE

52

Cleaner Production Definition

“TheconOnuousapplicaOonofanintegratedprevenOveenvironmentalstrategyappliedtoprocesses,products,andservicestoincreaseoverallefficiencyandreduceriskstohumansandtheenvironment.”

(UnitedNa2onsEnvironmentProgramme)

SCP in relation to ….

•  (S) CP = Eco-efficiency

•  Energy efficiency is integral part of SCP, thereby also

addressing climate change

•  SCP contribute considerable to the implementation of

Multilateral Environmental Agreements

54

CP versus End-of-Pipe approach

CleanerProduc2on

Con6nuousimprovement

Progresstowardsuseofclosedlooporcon6nuouscycleprocesses

Everyoneinthecommunityhasaroletoplay;partnershipsareessen6al

Ac6vean6cipa6onandavoidanceofpollu6onandwaste

Elimina6onofenvironmentalproblemsattheirsource

Involvesnewprac6ces,aAtudesandmanagementtechniquesands6mulatestechnicaladvances

Pollu2onControlandWasteManagementOne-offsolu6onstoindividualproblems

Processesresultinwastematerialsfordisposalapipelinewithresourcesinandwastesout

Solu6onsaredevelopedbyexpertsoFeninisola6on

Reac6veresponsestopollu6onandwasteaFertheyarecreated Pollutantsarecontrolledbywastetreatmentequipmentandmethods Reliesmainlyontechnicalimprovementstoexis6ngtechnologies

55

Cleaner Production and Sustainable Development

ResponsibleEntrepreneurship

Eco-efficiency

CleanerProduc2on

Compliance

GovernmentAgenda

BusinessAgenda

ICC

Charter

EMSEHS

Audi2ng

Sustainabledevelopment

Agenda21

FactorX

Environmentalspace

Time

Sustainability

EconomicInstruments

Co-regulatoryagreements

Command&control

56

!!!

CP is a journey not a destination

57

Few feasible CP options to REDUCE energy

consumption leading to less CO2 emission

58

Option: Exemplary Utilization of generator exhaust heat running waste heat recovery boiler or absorption chiller Facts: Successfully implemented in many industries and improved efficiency Environmental impact: Efficient usage of fuel confirming less CO2 emission

TRADITIONAL ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

34%

66%

Energy BALANCEOutputElectricEnergy

EnergyWastage

2016/07/07 59

34%ElectricityOutput

1MWGASGENERATOR


WITH BIG PLANT EFFICIENCY GO UP

EnergyBALANCE

42%

58%

OutputElectricEnergyEnergyWastage

2016/07/07 60

42%ElectricityOutput

8.7MWGASGENERATOR

BUT58%OFENERGYISPUTONATMOSPHERE


61

FUELCONSU

MPT

ION100%

2985kW

ELECTRICAL

POWER

34%

1015kW

TOTALLOSSES

66%

1970kW

LOSSES

66%

1970kW

34%

1015kW

62

Summary of other Options

Option General Fact Potential Environmental Impact

Heat and water recovery from steam condensate

These options have been

implemented, tested in many

industries in Bangladesh

including textiles, RMG etc.

In all these options energy/resource (gas,

diesel, water etc) consumption will be

reduced that will eventually lead to

reduced CO2 emission to the nature

Recovery of heat from generator hot jacket water Heat recovery from hot water in water cooled air compressors

Reduction of energy consumption using inverter control module

63

Summary of other Options

Option General Fact Potential Environmental Impact

Optimization of Natural gas consumption efficiency through burner tuning for boilers

These options have been

implemented, tested in many

industries in Bangladesh

including textiles, RMG

etc.

In all these options energy/resource (gas,

diesel, water etc) consumption will be

reduced that leads to reduced CO2 emission to

the nature

Reduction of power consumption in compressed air system through process optimization

Optimization of Generator efficiency by analyzing load profiles and performance

For CORRECT Application of ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND CHP

Need to KNOW

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

» STEAM » HOT WATER » COLD WATER » ELECTRIC ENERGY

ENERGY TIME DISTRIBUTION

2016/07/07 64

An EXAMPLE OF

ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM (CHP + Energy Recovery

System + CO2 Usage)

2016/07/07 65

SCHEMATICS OF COMBINED ENERGY CONSERVATION

2016/07/07 66

67

STATISTICAL TABLE ON CP BENEFITS FOR TEXTILE SECTOR in Bangladesh

RESOURCE % OF REDUCTION COMMENTS

Ground water 5-35

Natural gas (NG) 5-20

Steam 5-10 Relate to NG

Electricity 3-10 Relate to NG

CO2e emission 5-20 Across NG usage

Collaborative Pathways to Sustainable Resource Management in Urban Bangladesh

Green/CleanTechnologytoLimitEnvironmentalDegradaOon

Outcomes of Group Meeting 3

CiOes:Growingeconomy–SpreadingpolluOon

Atthepriceofenvironment,theciOesareexpanding.

• MajorurbanareasinBangladesharetheseatsoftheforcesofcivilizaOon.

• DevelopmentaltrendsintheciOes,especiallylargeciOeslikeDhaka,emphasizingenvironmentalmodificaOonsarerathernon-ecological.

• Man-environmentinterfaceinDhakainthewakeofmisdirectedurbandevelopmentthatseriouslyimpairsecologyhasbecomeama[erofconcernfortheenvironmentalists,engineers,andurbanplanners.

• TherapidlygrowingurbanpopulaOoninDhakaanditsoutskirtsiscausing'gradualdegradaOonoflife-supportsystemsincludingair,waterandland'.Hence,enhancingenvironmentalpolluOonposing'problemstohumanhealthandthreateningthegeneralqualityoflife'• Itisunlikelythatalreadybuiltindustrieswouldbeshimedtootherareas,inacountrylikeBangladeshwhereitseconomyislargelydependentonmanyoftheseindustries.

• SofarwehavefailedintakingprevenOvemeasures.Now,shouldwefail,too,totakeanycuraOvemeasures?

UrbanGrowthandPolluOon:

• IndustriesarethebackboneoftheeconomyinBangladesh,andlocatedinciOes.

• ButenvironmentalpolluOonhassurpassedthelimitalongago,forwhichindustriesarethemajorcontributor.

• TheregulatorybodiesaretryingtopreventpolluOon,byenforcinglawsagainstindustrialpolluOon.

• ButstoppingtheseindustriesfromoperaOonwouldhamperthelivelihoodsofmillionsofpeople.

• AtthesameOme,hugepopulaOonofciOesmakingitmoredifficultforcityauthoriOestolimitthepolluOonlevel.

UrbanGrowthandPolluOon:

Howthedilemmacanbesolved:

Regulatorybodiesi.e.DepartmentofEnvironment,Ministriesetcshouldenforcethelawstostopfurtherenvironmentalpollu2on.

Industriesandcommercialins2tu2ons,whoaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalpollu2on,shouldadopttechnologiesthatareenvironmentfriendly:

• Lowcarbonemission• Lowwaterfootprint• UseofRenewableenergy• Recycleandreuse

Butchallengingpartsare:• Efficiencyoftechnologiesused• Economicviability

Whatrolescanexpertsplay:

Itneedsacollabora2onamongallthepar2es(regulatorybodies–industries–academics–ac2vists):

• Academicsshouldworkwithindustriestofindthesolu2on,technology-wise• Carryoutresearchestodevelopaeconomicmodelforthetechnologiesthatinterestbothindustriesandtheenvironment• Awarenesscampaigningtoraisevoiceagainstenvironmentalpollu2onbyregulatorybodiesandenvironmentalists

Aplahormshouldbedevelopedthatwouldplaythebridgingroleamongallthepar2es,andcananchortheini2a2vetowardsitsgoals.

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