INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

NAME OF DEPTT. / CENTRE : PHYSICS DEPARTMENT

1. Subject Code: IPH-02 Course Title: Nanomaterials

2. Contact Hours: L: 3 ; T: 0 ; P: 0 ;

3. Examination Duration (Hrs.): Theory 0 3 Practical 0 0

4. Relative Weightage: CWS 1 5 PRS 0 0 MTE 3 5 ETE 5 0 PRE 0 0

5. Credits: 0 3 6. Semester: Autumn Spring Both

7. Pre-requisite: PH-101 8. Subject Area: BGSEC

9. Objective of Course: The course on Nanomaterials is designed to introduce the emerging area of nanotechnology that has potential to revolutionize techniques by which materials and products will be created in the future with new and superior properties and functionalities.

10. Details of Course: S.No. Particulars Contact Hours 1. Introduction: Definitions and course organization, Classification of functional nanomaterials,

Historical development. 02

2. Fundamental Principles: Size & Scale, units, Scaling Laws, Atoms, Molecules & Clusters, Superamolecules, Nanoscale Phenomena; Tunneling, Chemical Bonds (types and strength); Intermolecular Forces, Molecular and Crystalline Structures, Hierarchical Structures and Functionality, Surfaces and Interfaces, Bulk to Surface transition, Self-Assembly and surface reconstruction.

08

3. Properties of Nano Materials: Size dependence of properties, Phenomena and Properties at nanoscale, Mechanical/Frictional, Optical, Electrical Transport, Magnetic properties.

09

4. Nanomaterial Characterization: Electron Microscopy, Scanning Probe Microscopies, near field microscopy, Micro- and near field Raman spectroscopy, Surface-enhanced Raman, Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

10

5. Synthesis of nanomaterials: Fabrication techniques: Self-Assembly, Self-Replication, Sol-Gels. Langmuir-Blodgett thin films, Nanolithograph, Bio-inspired syntheses, Microfluidic processes, Chemical Vapor Deposition, Semiconductors, Cadmium Sulfide, Silicon, Fullerenes Carbon Nanotubes, Nano-composites, nanoporous Materials, Biological Materials.

10

6. Applications of Nanomaterials: Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors, Environmental, Biological, Energy Storage and fuel cells.

03

11. Suggested Books: S.No. Names of Books/Authors Year of Publication 1. Edelstein A. A. and Cammarata R .C., Nanomaterials- Synthesis, Properties and

Applications, Institute of Physics Publishing, London 1998

2. Nalwa H.S., Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Vols. 1-5, Academic Press

2000

3. Benedek et al G., Nanostructured Carbon for advanced Applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers

2001

4. Dresselhaus M.S., Dresselhaus G. and Eklund P., Science of Fullerenes and nanotubes, Academic Press

1996

Fundamentals and Applications of nanomaterials" by Z.Guo and Li Tan

subject Code: IPH-02 Course Title: Nanomaterials Contact Hours: 3-0-0

Fundamentals and Applications of nanomaterials" by Z.Guo and Li Tan

Introduction

Definitions and course organization, Classification of functional nanomaterials, Historical development.

2

Fundamental Principles 1. Size and scale, Atoms/molecules/clusters, structure/electronic magic numbers,

fraction of atoms on surface in different cases. 2

2. Chemical bonding (types and strength) 1 3. Donors/acceptors/deep traps, Excitons: energy levels and size, Quantum dot,

Quantum wire, Quantum well 2

4. Size and dimensionality Effect : Relaxation time, mean free path, level of doping and charge carrier concentration in semiconductors, conduction electron and dimensionality, Fermi gas and density of states Surface Science: Surface symmetry/energy, surface relaxation and reconstruction, surface layers and nanoparticles

3

Properties of Nano Materials 1. Properties dependence on energy states: Specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, X-ray

emission, band structure in nanomaterials, nonmetal-metal transition

2

2. Optical properties: change in energy states and size dependence of color of materials 1 3. Magnetism and nanomaterials, superparamagnetism, nanomagents, nanopore

containment of magnetic particles 2

4. Mechanical Properties: Tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, Ductile/Brittle transition

1

5. Single electron tunneling, reactivity, coulomb explosion, superconductivity 2 Carbon nanotubes 1. Fullerenes, Carbon nanotubes, their structure and properties 1 Nanomaterial Characterization 1. Techniques of characterization, criterion of resolution, Electron microscope: electron

gun, electron lens and aberrations, scan coils and electron detectors, SEM/TEM, analysis of electron micrographs

2

2. Scanning Probe Microscopies: Scanning tunneling microscopy - basic principle, method of measurement: constant height/constant current mode, Resolution, Atomic force microscopy basic principle, modes of operation: static/contact, dynamic/non-contact modes.

3

3. Near field microscopy, Raman spectroscopy: Basic principle, micro- and near field Raman spectroscopy, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

3

4. X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy: Interaction of X-rays with matter, basic principle, Experimental set-up, study of surfaces, analysis of XPS results

2

Synthesis of nanomaterials 1. Top down and bottom up approach of syntheses, Top down approach: Thin film

deposition mechanism, Physical/Chemical vapor deposition methods, semiconductors, Cadmium Sulfide, Silicon

2

2. Nanolithography: parallel replications, nanoimprint lithography, electron beam lithography, STM/AFM lithography, polymer pen lithography

2

3. Bottom up approach of fabrication: Self-Assembly, Self-Replication, Sol-Gel process, Langmuir-Blodgett thin films,

2

4. Microfluidics: materials and micro/nano fabrication, active/passive microfluidic devices, lab-on-a-chip

2

5. Bio-inspired syntheses, syntheses of carbon nanotubes, nano-composites, nanoporous materials

2

Applications of Nanomaterials 1. Nanoelectronics: Single electron transistors/capacitors, quantum effect, CNT based

devices, nanosensors 1

2. Biological: Introduction, biomimetic nanotechnology, nanoparticle based diagnostics, tissue engineering and drug delivery

1

3. Nanograined materials, Environmental, Energy Storage and fuel cells 1