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doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 1
[Intra-cluster response model and parameter for channel
modeling at 60GHz]
Date: 2009-09-23
Name Affiliations Address Phone email
Hirokazu Sawada Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku,
Sendai 980-8577, JAPAN
+81-22-217-6112 [email protected]
Shuzo Kato NICT/ Tohoku
University
3-4, Hikarino-Oka,
Yokosuka, Kanagawa
239-0847 Japan
Katsuyoshi Sato NICT 3-4, Hikarino-Oka,
Yokosuka, Kanagawa
239-0847 Japan
Authors:
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 2
Abstract
[This document describes intra-cluster channel models
and antenna beam width effect for TGad channel
modeling.]
1. Proposals of intra-cluster channel models for living,
conference and cubicle environments
2. Antenna beam width effect analysis on the intra cluster
parameters
3. Inter cluster parameter analysis based on measurement
results are started
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Current status of channel models and this contribution
Slide 3
Environments Inter cluster channel
modeling
Intra cluster
by measurements
Dual polarization
feasibility
Conference Previous works Done by ray trace
simulation
Done Done
Conclusion?
Team of Tohoku
Univ. and NICT
Measurement: Done
Modeling:
Measurement: Done
Modeling: Done
DoneLinier pol.: STA-STA OK
AP-STA ?
Potable device-AP, STA: NGCircular pol.: STA-STA OK
AP-STA OK
Potable device-AP, STA: NG
Living Previous works Not yet Not yet Not yet
Team of Tohoku
Univ. and NICT
Measurement: Done
Modeling:
Measurement: Done
Modeling: Done
HPBW analysis: Done
Done
Linier pol.: OK
Circular pol.: OK
Cubicle Previous works Not yet Not yet Not yet
Team of Tohoku
Univ. and NICT
Measurement: Done
Modeling:
Measurement: Done
Modeling: Done
Done
Linier pol.: STA-STA OK
AP-STA ?
Circular pol.: STA-STA OK
AP-STA OK
Potable device-AP,STA: NG
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Difference between previous works and TU&NICT measurements
Previous works Tohoku Univ. and NICT
Bandwidth 800MHz 3GHz (Required for multi Gbps transmission)
Environment Conference Conference
Living
Cubicle
Antenna※ 17deg (18dBi) In conference room
• 30deg (16dBi) for STA
• 60deg(10dBi) for AP
In living room
• 5, 30, 60, 90 deg
In cubicle
• 30deg (16dBi) for STA
• 60deg(10dBi) for AP
Polarization Vertical
Horizontal
Circular(RHCP, LHCP)
Vertical
Horizontal
Circular
※Evaluation methodology defined the maximum antenna gain 14dBi
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Measurement procedure and results
in living room
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 5
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Measurement system
Instrument: Vector network analyzer
Antenna: Conical horn antenna
q f
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 6
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Measurement set up in living room
Parameter Value
Center frequency 62.5 GHz
Band width 3 GHz
Number of frequency points 801
Frequency step 3.75 MHz
HPBW of antenna (Gain) 30 degree
Polarization Vertical, Horizontal, Circular
Calibration Direct port connection without
antennas
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 7
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission Slide 8
Antenna height:
1.5m (LoS scenario)
1.0 m (NLoS scenario)
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
Floor plan of living room
‘defined by TGad’
D = 3m
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Living room measurement snap shot
Slide 9
Tx Rx3m (LoS)
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
1.5m1m
1.5m1m
3m (NLOS)
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Received power in LOS/NLoS scenarios for co-pol. signal waves
(Ref. Doc.09/874)
Slide 10
Strong reflection waves came from (AoD, AoA)=(10o, 270o),
(200o, 270o), (250o, 250o) in LOS scenario
In NLOS scenario, LOS component attenuated by human absorber
LOS scenario NLOS scenario
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
Strong reflection waves
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission Slide 11
Antenna height:
1.5m (LoS scenario)
1.0 m (NLoS scenario)
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
Examples of strong reflection
wave path in LOS scenario
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Impulse response example of LOS scenario
(V-V) in living room environment
Slide 12
Top 3 strong reflection responses excluding direct path
are selected for intra cluster parameter extractionHirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40 AoD=0
o, AoA=0
o
AoD=10o, AoA=270
o
AoD=200o, AoA=270
o
AoD=250o, AoA=250
o
ToA [ns]
Rel
ativ
e p
ow
er [
dB
]
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Proposed intra-cluster response model
Two-side exponential decay model
Ray decay parameter, g- and g+
Ray arrival rate, l- and l+ is assumed as Poisson process
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 13
Relative time of arrival[ns]
Pow
er[d
B]
te +-gt
e -g
0 1 n1-m ……
Peak power ray in the cluster n
m
iith )(
+
-
-0
02
te
tet
t
ii g
g
0,1
1 -+ --
+- keP kk
kk
ll
0,1
1 ----
-- keP kk
kk
ll
where k denotes the number of rays
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Extraction process of ray information
0 10 200
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Time of arrival [ns]
|S2
1|
0 10 200
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Time of arrival [ns]
|S21|
Before After
Pulse
subtraction
Iteration
By the iteration of peak-detection and pulse-subtraction,
each ray information (Power and ToA) can be extracted
Peak-detection
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Example of extracted ray information for
intra cluster modeling (Living environment)
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 15
Responses are limited within ±15ns by considering the decay slope
Threshold level set to the 30 dB down from the peak power
September, 2009
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
ToA [ns]
Rel
ativ
e p
ow
er [
dB
]AoD=200
o, AoA=270
o
Measurement Extracted ray
30dB
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Example of decay parameter extraction
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 16
Decay parameter was extracted by linear fitting
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15-8
-6
-4
-2
0
Relative time [ns]
ln(
2)
g+=1.29g-=0.652
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Example of arrival rate parameter
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 17
Arrival rate parameter was also extracted by linear fitting
0 1 2 3 4 5-3
-2
-1
0
l- = 0.5581/l- = 1.79 [ns]
Ray arrival time [ns]
ln(1
-CD
F)
0 1 2 3 4 5-3
-2
-1
0
l+ = 0.9021/l+ = 1.11 [ns]
ln(1
-CD
F)
Ray arrival time [ns]
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Intra cluster channel model for living environment
(HPBW=30deg)
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 18
LoS/NLoS Pol. g-[ns]
g+[ns]
1/l-[ns]
1/l+[ns]
LoS
V 0.652 1.29 1.79 1.11
H 0.645 1.03 3.63 0.699
C 0.623 0.854 4.88 0.968
NLoS
V 0.981 2.64 1.46 0.949
H 2.66 2.14 0.424 0.984
C 0.891 1.78 0.722 1.28
g: Decay coefficient
1/l is large: Number of ray is small
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Conference room environment “defined by TGad”
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 19
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission Slide 20
Relative received power of the link 7 (STA5-STA3) (Ref. Doc.09/874)
V-V H-H C-CThe reflections from table top was included in the measurements
(Ref. Doc. P802.15-06/297r2 slide.5)
Top 3 strong reflection responses excluding direct path are selected
for intra cluster parameter extraction
LOS
scenario
NLOS
scenario
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Intra cluster parameter for conference environment
(HPBW=30deg)
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 21
LoS/NLoS Pol. g-[ns]
g+[ns]
1/l-[ns]
1/l+[ns]
LoS
Link 7
V 0.613 4.11 1.65 1.35
H 0.510 0.779 2.70 1.92
C 0.569 0.831 2.02 1.73
NLoS
Link 7
V 0.795 0.693 1.25 0.271
H 0.798 0.853 2.44 1.82
C 0.967 0.567 0.861 1.77
Including a reflection from desktop
Ref. (Hirokazu Sawada Doc. )
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Cubicle office environment
“Defined by TG ad (Japanese size office)”
Slide 22 Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Laptop PC to LCD monitor link
RxTx
Measurement set up
N.A.
RxTx
Manually rotation (30deg step)
This is a very short range transmission scenario.
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 23
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Laptop PC to LCD monitor link
Slide 24
V-V H-H
C-CDirect wave is dominant, significant reflection wave was not observed.
Channel characteristics is almost AWGN.
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
-60
-40
-20
0
ToA [ns]R
elat
ive
rece
ived
po
wer
[d
B]
Polarization V-V H-H C-C
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Intra cluster parameter
(HPBW=30deg, Cubicle environments)
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 25
LoS/NLoS Pol. g-[ns]
g+[ns]
1/l-[ns]
1/l+[ns]
LoS
V 0.623 0.731 9.51 2.06
H 1.87 0.927 0.773 1.31
C 3.16 0.654 0.627 2.53
1/l is large in cubicle environments: Number of rays is small
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
AP-STA link
AP-STA Link
Tx
Rx
Inside of a cubicle
This is a vertical transmission link scenario.
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 26
July, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Example of impulse responses for co-and
cross-polarized signal waves
Slide 27
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
Polarization V-V H-H C-C
ToA [ns]
Rel
ativ
e re
ceiv
ed p
ow
er [
dB
]
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
ToA [ns]R
elat
ive
rece
ived
po
wer
[d
B]
Polarization V-H H-V
Co-polarized signal waves Cross-polarized signal waves
Reflection waves construct cluster, then the intra cluster
channel model will be required for AP-STA link too
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
July, 2009
Direct wave
Reflection wave
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Effect of antenna beam width to intra-cluster parameter
Number of rays in the cluster depends on antenna
beam width
Slide 28 Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku University
September, 2009
Time of arrival
Pow
er
Ray
Rx
Ray
Narrow beam
Cluster
Wide beam
Time of arrival
Pow
erCluster
Ray Wide beam increases
the number of rays
Number of rays is small
in narrow beam
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Measurement set up in living room
Parameter Value
Center frequency 62.5 GHz
Band width 3 GHz
Number of frequency points 801
Frequency step 3.75 MHz
HPBW of antenna (Gain) 5, 15, 30, 90 degree
Polarization Vertical
Calibration Direct port connection without
antennas
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 29
September, 2009
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Example of cluster impulse response
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 30
Intra cluster response was changed by HPBW of the antenna
Intra cluster channel models are required for each HPBW
In the figure, the antenna
direction was fine tuned to
peak power angle for narrow
beam.
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Intra cluster parameter difference against
HPBW (Living room environment)
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 31
LoS/NLoS Pol. HPBW g-[ns]
g+[ns]
1/l-[ns]
1/l+[ns]
LoS V
5 N/A N/A N/A N/A
15 4.76 N/A 0.902 N/A
30 0.652 1.29 1.79 1.11
90 0.795 0.672 1.26 0.690
Narrow beam did not construct cluster
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
ToA [ns]
Rel
ativ
e p
ow
er [
dB
]
AoD=0o, AoA=0
o
AoD=10o, AoA=270
o
AoD=200o, AoA=270
o
AoD=110o, AoA=260
o
AoD=110o, AoA=350
o
AoD=190o, AoA=10
o
AoD=330o, AoA=130
o
AoD=250o, AoA=250
o
AoD=260o, AoA=30
o
Inter cluster parameter based on measurements
(Living room)
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 32
We trying to extract inter cluster channel model parameter for
living and cubicle environment
v
Cluster included
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Inter cluster channel model
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 33
Relative time of arrival[ns]
Pow
er[d
B]
te -
0T1T nT…
n
m
iith )(
t
i eTi
-2
0,1
1 ---
- keTTP kk TT
kk
where k denotes the number of clusterss
Direct wave
Reflection waves
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Example of inter cluster channel model parameter
based on measurement results (in Living room)
September, 2009
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 34
Cluster decay parameter,
Cluster arrival rate, is assumed as Poisson process
0 5 10 15 20-6
-4
-2
0
ToA [ns]
ln(
2)
=-0.312
0 1 2 3-2
-1
0
Cluster arrival time [ns]
ln(1
-CD
F) =0.443
1/=2.26
doc.: IEEE 802.11-09/0936r1
Submission
Summary
Intra cluster channel model was proposed with extracted parameters for living, conference and cubicle environments
Intra cluster parameter difference against HPBW (Living room environment) is shown
Three measurement environment with three polarization were performed for Tgad
Some inter cluster channel model parameter were extracted
Hirokazu Sawada, Tohoku UniversitySlide 35
September, 2009