Chapter 23The Age of Reformation

Northern Europe and Spain 1500 to 1600

Europe in the 16th Century

Figure 23-1 LUCAS CRANACH THE ELDER, Allegory of Law and Grace, ca. 1530. Woodcut, 10 5/8” x 1’ 3/4”. British Museum,

Art in the Holy Roman Empire during the 16th Century

• Identify representative German artists from the 16th century• Understand German culture and artistic styles

• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

Figure 23-2 MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed), Crucifixion (center panel), from the chapel of the Hospital of Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca. 1510–1515. Oil on panel, center panel 9' 9 1/2” x 10’ 9”, each wing 8’ 2

1/2” x 3’ 1/2”, predella 2’ 5 1/2” x 11’ 2”. Musée d’Unterlinden, Colmar.

http://www.meredith.edu/art/research/isenheim_altarpiece.htm

Figure 23-2 MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (open), center shrine carved by NIKOLAUS HAGENAUER in 1490, from the chapel of the Hospital of Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany,ca. 1510–1515. Shrine, painted and gilt

limewood, 9’ 9 1/2” x 8’ 2 1/2” x 3’ 1/2” (center), 2’ 5 1/2” x 11’ 2” (predella). Each wing, oil on panel, 8’ 2 1/2” x 3’ 1/2”. Musée d’Unterlinden, Colmar.

Self-portrait at 221493Oil on linen, transferred from vellum, 57 x 45 cm

Musée du Louvre, Paris

Self-Portrait at 271498Oil on panel, 52 x 41 cmMuseo del Prado, Madrid

Self-Portrait in a Fur-Collared Robe1500 (29 years old)Oil on lime panel, 67,1 x 48,7 cm

Alte Pinakothek, Munich

Figure 23-6 ALBRECHT DÜRER, Four Apostles, 1526. Oil on panel, each panel 7’ 1” x

2’ 6”. Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

Figure 23-4 ALBRECHT DÜRER, The Great Piece of Turf, 1503. Watercolor, approx. 1’ 4”

x 1’ 1/2”. Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna.

Lobster1495Watercolour and gouache, 263 x 355 mm

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam

Pond in the Woods c. 1496Watercolour and gouache on paper, 262 x 374 mm

British Museum, London

Wing of a Roller 1512Watercolour and gouache on vellum, 20 x 20 cmGraphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna

ALBRECHT DÜRER, Last Supper, 1523. Woodcut, 8 3/8” x 11 13/16”. British Museum, London.

Figure 23-1 ALBRECHT DÜRER, The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve), 1504. Engraving,

approx. 9 7/8” x 7 5/8”. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (centennial gift of Landon T. Clay).

Figure 23-5 ALBRECHT DÜRER, Knight, Death, and the Devil, 1513. Engraving, 9 5/8”

x 7 3/8”. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Melencolia I1514

Engraving, 239 x 189 mm

Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe

Figure 23-8 ALBRECHT ALTDORFER, The Battle of Issus, 1529. Oil on panel, 4’ 4 1/4” x 3’

11 1/4”. Alte Pinakothek, Munich.

Figure 23-9 HANS HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER, The French Ambassadors, 1533. Oil and tempera on panel, approx. 6’ 8” x 6’ 9 1/2”. National Gallery, London.

Portrait of Henry VIII1540Oil on panel, 88,5 x 74,5 cm

Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome

Art in France during the 16th Century

• Understand the French culture and artistic styles• Identify representative French artists from the 16th century• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

Europe in the 16th Century

Fig. 23—11 Chateau de Chambord, France, begun 1519

Figure 23-12 PIERRE LESCOT and JEAN GOUJON, west facade of the Square Court of the Louvre, Paris, France, begun 1546.

Figure 20-16 LIMBOURG BROTHERS (POL, HENNEQUIN, HERMAN), October, from Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de

Berry, 1413–1416. Ink on vellum, approx. 8 1/2” x 5 1/2”. Musée Condé, Chantilly.

Art in the Netherlands during the 16th Century

• Understand Dutch culture and artistic styles• Identify representative Dutch artists from the 16th century• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

Europe in the 16th Century

Figure 23-15 QUINTEN MASSYS, Money-Changer and His Wife, 1514. Oil on panel, 2’ 3 3/4” x 2’ 2 3/8”. Louvre, Paris.

Figure 23-17 DetailStill life on the table: Prayer book, convex mirror, scale

© 2005 Saskia Cultural Documentation, Ltd.

Figure 23-16 PIETER AERTSEN, Meat Still-Life, 1551. Oil on panel, 4’ 3/8” x 6’ 5 3/4”. Uppsala University Art Collection, Uppsala.

Figure 23-17 CATERINA VAN HEMESSEN, Self-Portrait, 1548. Panel, 1’ 3/4” x 9 7/8”.

Kunstmuseum, Öffentliche Kunstsammlung Basel.

Figure 23-21 PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, Hunters in the Snow, 1565. Oil on panel, approx. 3’ 10” x 5’ 4”. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

Figure 23-20 PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559. Oil on panel, 3’ 10” x 5’ 4 1/8”. Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin.

Fig. 23-13 Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, 1505-1510. Oil on wood, center panel 7’ 3”X 6’5”, each wing 7’ 3” X 3’ 2”. Museo del Prado, Madrid.

Autun

Art in Spain during the 16th Century

Understand Spanish culture and artistic styles• Identify representative Spanish artists from the 16th century• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period

Europe in the 16th Century

Figure 23-25 EL GRECO, The Burial of Count Orgaz, Santo Tomé, Toledo, Spain,

1586. Oil on canvas, approx. 16’ x 12’.

• The Reformation - diminishing power of Church and rising power of European monarchs

• The importance of patronage to the arts• The assimilation of limited Italian Renaissance innovations --

essentially remaining a Northern art• Grunewald’s Isenheim -- stylistic characteristics, meaning, and

purpose (compare to 15th C. North, Early and High Renaissance)• Durer and his attempt to meld both southern and northern styles,

use of the woodcut and engraving ( compare Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael)

• Holbein -the importance of portraiture –northern realism (compare to 15th C. North, Early and High Renaissance)

• Brueghel’s use of proverbs, peasants, everyday life as subject matter (Bosch, 15th C. Northern)