106 年1 月修正 修訂者:劉秋松醫師·業性肌腱炎認定參考指引.pdf · 合;而解剖學上,連接骨骼處的肌腱大多數很薄、甚至呈片狀,厚度約
Myology. Morphology –Muscle belly 肌腹 –Tendon 肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜 Classification...
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Transcript of Myology. Morphology –Muscle belly 肌腹 –Tendon 肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜 Classification...
Myology
余 明
华
• Morphology– Muscle belly 肌腹– Tendon 肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜
• Classification– Long muscle 长肌– Short muscle 短肌– Broad muscle 阔肌– Orbicular mucle 轮
匝肌
• Origin 起点 insertion 止点
position 位置 action 作用• Nomenclature
of mucles 肌的命名 : shap, size, location, and their points of attachment
Accessory structures• Fascia
– Superficial fascia– Deep fascia
• Synovial bursa
• Tendinous sheath – Fibrous layer– Synovial layer: meso
tendon, vincula tendinum
Section 1 The muscles of head The facial muscles
-the epicranius
-the orbicularis oculi
-the muscles around the mouth
The masticatory muscles
-the masseter
-the temporalis
-the medial pterygoid
-the lateral pterygoid
Section 2 The muscles of neck
By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three groups: superficial, anterior and deep.
Ⅰ. the superficial group
1. the platysma
2. Sternocleidomastoid
ACTIONProtracts head when acting together; The head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side
INSERTION mastoid process
ORIGIN manubrium and clavicle
Ⅱ. the anterior group
1. the suprahyoid muscles digastric mylohyoid stylohyoid Geniohyoid
2. the infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid
Ⅲ. the deep group
1. lateral group scalenus anterior scalenus medius scalenus posterior
Scalene fissure: above the first rib, between the scalenus anterior and scalenus medius.
brachial plexus and subclavian artery
2. medial group
The Muscles of TrunkThe Muscles of BackThe Muscles of ThoraxThe DiaphragmThe Muscles of Abdomen
Section 3
The Muscles of Back
Trapezius
-raises,descends,retracts Scapula
Latissimus dorsi
-extends,adducts and medially rotates humerus
Levator scapulae Rhomboideus Erector spinae Splenius
The Muscles of Thorax
• Pectoralis major
- adducts and medially rotates arm
• Pectoralis minor
• Serratus anterior
-holds the scapula against chest wall
EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
DIAPHRAGM
ACTIONInspiration and assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure
INSERTIONCentral tendon
ORIGINVertebral:crura from bodies of L1, 2 (left), L1-3 (right). Costal: medial and lateral arcuate ligs, inner aspect of lower six ribs . Sternal: two slips from posterior aspect of xiphoid.
Aortic aperture -12th thoracic vertebra
-the abdominal aorta the thoracic duct.
Esophagheal aperture -10th thoracic vertebra
-the esophagus the vagal trunks.
Vena cava foramen -8th thoracic vertebra
-the inferior vena cava
The Muscles of Abdomen
Anterolateral group
External abdominal oblique
Internal abdominal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Retus abdominis
Posteriorgroup
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum
EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE
ACTIONSupports abdominal wall, assists forced expiration, aids raising intraabdominal pressure
INSERTIONiliac crest, inguinal lig, public tubercle and crest
ORIGIN Anterior angles of lower eight ribs
Aponeurotic tendons-inguinal ligament; lacunar ligament;
pectineal ligament -superficial inguinal ring
INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE
ACTIONSupports abdominal wall, assists forced respiration, aids raising intra-abdominal pressure
INSERTIONCostal margin, aponeurosis of rectus sheath, conjoint tendon
ORIGIN Lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal ligament
inguinal falx (conjoint tendon)
TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
ACTIONSupports abdominal wall, aids forced expiration and raising intra-abdominal pressure.
INSERTIONAponeurosis of rectus sheath and conjoint tendon
ORIGIN Costal margin, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
ACTIONFlexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressure
INSERTION 5, 6, 7 costal cartilages, medial inferiorcostal margin and posterior aspect of xiphoid
ORIGIN Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
Anterior layeraponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique
Sheath of rectus abdominis
Posterior layeraponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique
and transversus abdominis
白线
弓状线
Inguinal canallying above the medial half of the inguinal ligament; commences at the deep inguinal ring and ends at the superficial inguinal ring
Inguinal triangle -inferior epigastric artery; -lateral border of the rec
tus abdominis; -medial half of the inguin
al ligament
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