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საქართველოს სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი

„თავისუფლება“

ლექსი დავით მაღრაძის

ჩემი ხატია სამშობლო,სახატე მთელი ქვეყანა,განათებული მთა-ბარი,წილნაყარია ღმერთთანა.თავისუფლება დღეს ჩვენიმომავალს უმღერს დიდებას,ცისკრის ვარსკვლავი ამოდისდა ორ ზღვას შუა ბრწყინდება,დიდება თავისუფლებას,თავისუფლებას დიდება.

საქართველოს სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი

„თავისუფლება“

ლექსი დავით მაღრაძის

ჩემი ხატია სამშობლო,სახატე მთელი ქვეყანა,განათებული მთა-ბარი,წილნაყარია ღმერთთანა.თავისუფლება დღეს ჩვენიმომავალს უმღერს დიდებას,ცისკრის ვარსკვლავი ამოდისდა ორ ზღვას შუა ბრწყინდება,დიდება თავისუფლებას,თავისუფლებას დიდება.

mzis sxivi

musikaSi

maia oTiaSvili irine miqaZe

VIII klasi

`wyarosTvali~Tbilisi, 2012 weli

moswavlis wigni

Sesavali

adreuli musika

istoriul epoqas, romelic cvlis uZveles samyaros, Sua sauku-neebs uwodeben. igi iwyeba romis dacemis droidan da 1000 welze metxans grZeldeba. am drois manZilze Camoyalibdnen rigi evro-peli xalxebi da saxelmwifoebi, Camoyalibda evropuli kulturis umniSvnelovanesi niSan-Tvisebebi. evropelTa sulieri cxovrebis safuZveli qristianoba gaxda. Sua saukuneTa xelovneba – saekle-sio arqiteqtura, qandakeba, xatebi, taZrebis mozaika da freskebi

– qristianuli RvTismsaxurebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili. rac Seexeba musikas, mas mniSvnelovani funqcia ekisreboda – igi unda daxmareboda mlocvels daeviwyebina yoveldRiuri sazrunavi, piradi gancdebi da mTeli yuradReba saeklesio msaxurebisken miemarTa. am mizans emsaxureboda sagaloblebi, ro-melTa mTavari damaxasiaTebeli niSani mravali wlis manZilze iyo 1-xmianoba (momRerlebi erTad asrulebdnen erT melodias), instrumentuli Tanxlebis gareSe. am sagaloblebis SemqmnelTa azriT, erTxmianoba erTi RmerTisa da erTiani eklesiis simbolo iyo. instrumentuli Tanxleba adamianur grZno-baze did gavlenas axdenda, amitomac eklesia gaurboda mas. Tumca, VII sauku-nidan kaTolikur eklesiaSi mainc mkvidrdeba _ jer organi, Semdeg ki sxva sakravebic.

am droisaTvis saeklesio musika ZiriTadad eklesia-monastrebSi iqmnebo-da. sagalobelTa Seqmnisas berebi mkacrad misdevdnen wesebs da tradiciebs. isini ar miiCnevdnen sakuTar Tavs avtorebad, ramdenadac erTaderT Semoqme-dad RmerTi miiCneoda. amgvarad, am drois musikisTvis damaxasiaTebelia niS-nebia: I – erTxmianoba da II – anonimuroba.

mxolod XII-XIII s.s.-ebidan mkvidrdeba evropul musikaSi mravalxmianoba.XI saukuneSi italieli beris gvido arecos mier gamogonebulma damwerlo-

bam SesaZlebeli gaxada musikaluri nawarmoebis zustad Cawera.Sua saukuneebi saintereso da TviTmyofi etapia xelovnebasa

da kulturaSi. Sua saukuneebis musikam safuZveli Cauyara Tana-medrove profesiul evropul musikas da TandaTan momzadda Se-mdgomi axali epoqa evropis istoriaSi _ aRorZineba.

gakveTili 1

Zveli romaelebi laTinurad laparakobdnen. romis imperiis dacemis Semdeg (476) laTinurma

enam TandaTan dakarga salaparako funqcias, magram SeinarCuna arseboba taZrebSi. igi RvTismsaxurebis kuTvnileba gaxda. misgan warmoiSvnen e.w. romanuli enebi – italiuri, franguli, espanuri, portugaliuri.

qarTuli sagalobeli `Sen xar venaxi~jovani palestrina. `kyrie~

uZvelesi organi

anCisxatis eklesia. Tbilisi VII saukuneebi

romanuli stili arqiteqturaSi

3

gaixsene da gaimRere do maJori da sol maJori paraleluri minorebiT

furclidan kiTxva

C-dur

adreuli musika _ zogadi terminia, romelic axasiaTebs evropuli klasikuri tradi-ciebis musikas romis imperiis dacemidan – 476 w-dan, barokos epoqis dasrulebamde, XVIII s-is Sua wlebamde. am didi drois manZilze musika TandaTan viTardeboda da mravalferovani xdeboda, moicavda mravalmxriv kulturul tradi-ciebsa da geografiul sivrces. Sua s.s-ebis evropuli kulturisaTvis gamaerTianebeli ki romaul-kaTolikuri eklesia iyo. mTeli pirveli aTaswleulis musikaluri ganviTareba swored masTan aris dakavSire-buli. am periodis araqristianuli musika mcire raodenobiTaa Semor-Cenili.musikis istoriis periodizacia: Sua saukuneebi 476–1400 renesansi 1400–1600 baroko 1600–1760 klasicizmi 1730–1820 romantizmi 1815–1910 XX saukune 1900–2000

& # 42rusuli xalxuri simRera-aryis xe

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& # .œ jœ œ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ œ œ œ œ œ œ

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do maJori

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&la minori-harmoniuli

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&la minori-melodiuri

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& #sol maJori

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& #mi minori-bunebrivi

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& #mi minori-harmoniuli

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& #mi minori-melodiuri

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& #sol maJori

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a-moll

e-moll

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G-dur

bunebrivi

bunebrivi

harmoniuli

harmoniuli

melodiuri

melodiuri

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gaiazre

wm. barTlomes taZari. agnesa ukravs organze

1490-1495w.

4

q. konstantinopoli bizantiuri monetebi

bizantiis imperatori aleqsandre I _ mozaika

mantenia. daviTi ukravs arfaze

bizantieli mgalobeli

IV saukuneSi, romis imperiis dayofis Semdeg, mis aRmosavleT nawilSi warmoiqmna bizantiis imperia. mas aRmosavleT romis impe-riasac uwodebdnen, misi dedaqalaqi konstantinopoli iyo.

Tavisi arsebobis manZilze (IV- XVs.s.) bizantiam Seqmna TviTmyo-fi musikaluri kultura, romelic ganuyofelia qristiano-bisgan.bizantiuri musika IX saukunemde did gavlenas axdenda evropul musikalur xelovnebaze. TiToeuli bizantielisaTvis

aucilebeli iyo yoveldRiuri saeklesio RvTismsaxureba, romelSic mniSvne-lovan rols TamaSobda musika. bibliuri gadmocemis Tanaxmad, ZvelebraelTa mefe daviTma „ gaigona zeciuri simRera“ da isini adamianebs gadasca. RvTisa-dmi miZRvnili daviTis fsalmunebi Sesulia qristianul saeklesio msaxure-baSic. bizantiuri sagaloblebis teqstebi ara mxolod am Zveli poeziis nimu-Sebs Seicaven, aramed qristian poet-himnografTa teqstebsac. himnografiis adreuli nimuSebi VI saukunidan gvxvdeba, ZiriTadi teqstebi ki VII-IX s.s.-Si Seiqmna, aRmosavleT saqristianos msxvil kulturul centrebSi.

bizantiaSi sanoto damwerlobis Seqmnamde (XI s.) sagaloblebi zepirsi-tyvierad gadaicemoda, Semdeg ki maT mgalobelTa saRvTismsa-xuro krebulSi gansakuTrebuli niSnebiT-nevmebiT werdnen.

saeklesio Janrebs Soris aRsaniSnavia kanoni da tropari. ka-noni _ berZnulad niSnavs `nimuSs“, `wess“. es aris musikalur--poeturi kompozicia Semdgaria 9 monakveTisgan. masSi Sesulia monaniebis da didebis Temebi. tropari – saeklesio sagalobe-lia, romelic iwereboda sadResaswaulo an sazeimo movlene-bisTvis, igi ar iyo damoukidebeli nawarmoebi da Sedioda ufro msxvili nawarmoebis SemadgenlobaSi.

galobis Semsruleblebs adreul bavSvobidan zrdidnen mo-nastrebsa da taZrebSi, sadac aswavlidnen domestikas _ sagun-do xelovnebas.

bizantiurma sasuliero musikam didi gavlena moaxdina mTe-li qristianuli samyaros, maT Soris, qarTul saeklesio RvTismsaxurebazec. es gavlena aSkaraa saSemsruleblo formebze, Tumca Tavad qarTul musikaze _ naklebad igrZnoba. arsebiTi gansxvaveba qarTul da bizantiur musikalur azrovnebas Soris isaa, rom bizantiuri musika erTxmiania, qarTuli ki _ mra-valxmiani, Tumca qarTuli sasuliero musika Tavdapirvelad bizantiur tra-diciebs eyrdnoboda.

bizantiaSi saeklesio musikasTan erTad, arsebobda xal xuri musikac. es musika tradiciuli wesCveulebebisa da dResaswaulebis ganuyofeli nawili iyo.

bizantiuri musikagakveTili 2

himnografia _ berZ. `himnos“ – `sadResaswaulo simRera“, `grafe“– vwer.

1 da 2- xmiani bizantiuri sagaloblebi bizantiuri instrumentuli musika

5

msoflios saukeTeso organebi

6

De amor en los hierros de tu reja,de amor esucho la triste queja,de amor lejos de mi corazón,diciéndome así, con su dulce canción:

Amapola, lindísima Amapola,Será siempre mi alma tuya, sola.Yo te quiero, amada niña mía,igual que ama la flor la luz del día.

Amapola, lindísima Amapola,no seas tan ingrata y ámame.Amapola, Amapola,¿cómo puedes tu vivir tan sola?

Al ver en los hierros de tu reja,de amor el albacín de tu queja,amor que mi amante corazónel rojo olvidar una dulce ilusión.

Amapola

gakveTili 3

jozef lakale 1860-1937

kadrebi k/filmidan

èrTxel amerikaSi~

j. lakale iyo espaneli kompozitori, klarnetisti, diri-Jori da musikis kritikosi. 1924 wels dawera simRera àmapola~ _ mSvenieri patara yayaCo~, romelic miuZRvna meuRles. 1940 wels alber geimsma Seqmna simReris inglisuri teqsti. simRera popularuli gaxda msoflios bevr qveyanaSi, mas mRerodnen cnobili momRerlebi: luCano pavaroti, plaCido domingo, xose karerasi, andrea boCeli, dina durbini da sxvebi.

j. dorsis bendma Seqmna simReris saorkestro versia, ro-melic 1941 wlis hit-paradebSi pirvel adgilze gavida. 1984 wels filmSi èrTxel amerikaSi~ kompozitorma e. morikonem simReris saorkestro versia gamoiyena siyvarulis leitTemad.

j. lakale. àmapola~mousmine simReris minus fonogramas da imRere TviTonSua saukuneebis espanuri instrumentuli musika

Música: José LacalleLetra: Luis Roldán

7

dasavleT evropis saeklesio musikis tradiciebi IV-V s.s.-ebi-dan momdinareobs. misi adreuli etapi dakavSirebulia RvTisme-tyvel da winaswarmetyvel wm. ambrosi mediolanelis saxelTan (saerTod ki SemoRebul iqna I saukuneSi egnate RmerTmosilis mier, romelsac angelozTa galobis xilva hqonda). igi iyo erT--erTi pirveli, vinc Seqmna saRvTismetyvelo himnebi. man daa-mkvidra eklesiaSi siaxle – gundis gayofa or jgufad – romle-bic sakurTxevlis sxvadasxva mxares arian ganlagebulni. isini, locvis teqstebs Soris, monacvleobiT mRerodnen musikalur fragmentebs. aseT fragmentebs ̀ antifonebs~ uwodebdnen, xolo Sesrulebis am xerxs, romelic ori gundis monacvleobaze igeba,

ewodeba antifonuri simRera. TandaTan, umTavres teqstebTan erTad, damkvidrda mkacrad daculi anti-

fonebi, romelTa musika iqmneboda ukve arsebul da kargad nacnob melodia – gamRerebebze. antifonebisa da am gasamReri hangebis ricxvi TandaTan ise gai-zarda, rom momRerlebs maTi zepirad damaxsovreba gauWirdaT. amis gamo, VII s-dan dagrovili masala sistemaSi moiyvanes da Tavi mouyares did krebuls, romelsac ̀ grigoriseuli antifonari~ ewoda. es saxelwodeba dakavSirebulia romis papis grigol I-is saxelTan. es krebuli gaxda safuZveli evropuli saek-lesio musikis erT-erTi stilis – grigoriseuli qoralis ganviTarebisTvis.

grigoriseuli qoralebi erTxmiania. mas laTinur enaze mamakacebis an biWe-bis gundi unisonSi asrulebs, instrumentuli Tanxlebis gareSe. momReralTa xmebi ise unda Seerwyan erTmaneTs, TiTqos erTi adamiani mReriso. melodiaSi ar aris naxtomebi, ritmic Tanabarzomieri, mSvidi, gawonasworebulia. igi ga-dmoscems mlocvelis Sinagan simSvides.

grigoriseul qoralebSi musika da teqsti garkveuli wesiTaa Serwymuli. igi or xerxs emyareba. erT-erTi maTgania fsalmodia. igi uZvelesi tradicii-dan momdinareobs. es aris locvebis gamRerebiT kiTxva, romelic fsalmune-bis kiTxvisas gamoiyeneba. am dros erT musikalur bgeraze erTi sityva modis (gavixsenoT Zv. israeli).

meore xerxia _ iubilacia, romelSic teqstis erT marcvalze ramdenime musikaluri bgera gaimRereba. fsalmodiasTan erTad Camoyalibda galoba _ himnebic. SemdgomSi igi safuZvlad daedo evropuli mravalxmianobis adreul formebs _ organumebs.

mravalxmianobis Seqmnis pirveli cdebi miekuTvneba VII-IX s.ebs, magram na-mdvili mravalxmianoba XII s.-dan viTardeba.

Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropis musika

rodesac sikeTes gvikeTeben, madlierebis grZnobiT unda gvaxsovdes igi; xolo Tu cudad mogveqcevian, siyvarulma unda dagvaviwyos igi.

wm. ambrosi mediolaneli

grigoriseuli sagalobeli _ `Ave Maria~

wm. ambrosi mediolaneli 340-397

grigoriseuli qorali VI-X s.s.

organumi

papi grigol I 540-604

antifonos _ berZn. `is, rac sapasuxod JRers!~Jubilato _ laT. `mxiaruleba, sixaruli~qorali _ gem. Choral _ erTi an mravalxmiani saeklesio sagalobeli.

gakveTili 4

grigoriseuli sagalobeli

8

adreuli nevmuri damwerloba

Sua saukuneebSi grigoriseul sagalobelTa Caweris special-uri sistema iyo gamomuSavebuli. Tavdapirvelad, maT nevmebiT, werdnen pirobiTi niSnebiT, romlebic aRniSnavdnen melodiis

ganviTarebis mimarTulebas. nevmebis Canaweri mogvagonebda konspeqts, romelSic aRniS-nulia mxolod mTavari, detalebi ki Tavad unda scodnoda Semsrulebels. grigoriseuli qoralis adreuli nimuSebi gaSifruli ar aris.IX s-dan, RvTismsaxurebaSi, kanonizirebul grigoriseul qoralTan erTad, gaCnda e.w. himnebi. himnebTan erTad, saeklesio wiaRSi, nel-nela, xalxuri melodiebis axali forme-bic mkvidrdeba. mag. sekvenciebi (sequere – miyola, mimdevari) _ improvizaciuli xasiaTis poeturi CanarTi-epizodebi. misi pirveli avtori Sveicarieli beri notkeria. cxovreba viTardeboda da erTferovan formebs gamococxleba sWirdeboda. amas Tavad eklesiis msaxurnic grZnobdnen. amitom garkveul peri-odSi mcireoden daTmobaze wavidnen, da es Seexo swored sekvenacias. dakanonebuli sagaloblis dasrulebis Semdeg `solists~ ufleba mieca Seesrulebina nebismieri improvizacia sityvebze `aliluia, osana, amen~. momRerlisTvis es wamaxal-isebeli stimuli iyo. es iyo sakmaod mimzidveli vokalizi, xmovan asoebze agebuli virtuozuli teqnikiT da mdidari melizmatikiT gamorCeuli vokaluri melodiebi. sekvenciebis kvaldakval viTardeba tropebi _ locvis ZiriTadi sagalo-blebis damatebiTi teqsti da musika.

daukari da gaiazre

furclidan kiTxva

notkeris sekvencia

DIES IRAE

?dies irae

? ..

&aleluia

œ œ œ jœ œ jœ œ Jœ œ Jœjœ œ Jœ œ Jœ œ œ œ œ jœ

& œ œ jœ œ œ œ œ Jœ œ Jœ œ œ jœ œ œ œ

&notkeris sekvencia

jœ jœ jœ jœ jœ jœ Jœ Jœjœ Jœ Jœ œ œ Jœ Jœ jœ

& Jœ Jœ Jœjœ jœ Jœ Jœ Jœ œ jœ Jœ Jœ Jœ

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& jœ jœ œ œ œjœ jœ jœ jœ

jœ jœ Jœjœ jœ jœ jœ

& œ jœ jœ Jœjœ Jœ

jœ œ œ

& b 44sufruli simRera

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ .œ jœ œ Œ

& b œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

?dies irae

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&aleluia



&notkeris sekvencia



jœ jœ jœ




jœ œ œ




nawyvetebi Sua saukuneebis saeklesio musikidan

9

adamianebi uZvelesi droidan cdilobdnen TaobebisTvis Semoe-naxaT musika, risTvisac melodiis Cawera aucilebeli iyo. notebis Caweras, anu notaciis moxerxebuli da zusti sistemis Seqmnas, mra-vali aswleuli dasWirda. Zvel saberZneTSi musikalur bgerebs ber-Znuli anbanis asoebiT aRniSnavdnen. berZnebi musikalur bgeraTa rigis safexurebs anbanis ama Tu im asoTi gamoxatavdnen, magram rit-mul niSnebs yovelTvis ar amatebdnen. am notaciis gaSifvra mecnie-rebma mxolod XIX s-Si moaxerxes. Sua saukuneebSi, evropaSi asoiTi notacia TiTqmis miviwyebuli iyo. amitom musikosebi damxmare niSne-bs, erTgvar miniSnebebs iyenebdnen. es specialuri niSnebi – nevmebi iyo. isini mogvagoneben patara xazebs, wertilebsa da mZimeebs. saqar-

TveloSic nevmebs iyenebdnen. magram yvela es niSani arc mTlad moxerxebuli iyo. mag; nevmebi iwereboda teqstis zemodan. saqarTveloSi ki striqons zeviT da qveviT. isini aRniSnavda calkeuli bgeris an bgerebis mcire jgufebs da momRerals mianiSnebdnen, Tu rogor unda emoZrava melodias. es miniSnebebi mxolod maSin exmareboda momRerals, Tu man melodia zepirad icoda. ase ze-pirad gadascemdnen adamianebi musikas Taobidan Taobas.

Sua saukuneebSi musika ZiriTadad ek-lesiaSi iswavleboda da amiT RvTism-saxurebi da berebi iyvnen dakavebulni. erT-erTma maTganma, genialuri xerxi gamoigona – man furcelze gaavlo xazi, romelzedac erTi simaRlis nevmebi da-xata. es xazi wiTeli iyo. Semdgom sxvam am erT xazs daemata II – amjerad yviTeli xazi, romelic sxva simaRlis bgeras aRniSnavda. III da IV xazi ki XI s-Si, italielma berma gvido arecom (gvido arecodan) gaavlo. man notaciis axali xerxi gamoigona. igi biWunebs monaster-Si simReras aswavlida da undoda, rom maT sa-galoblebi advilad daemaxsovrebinaT. gvidom erTmaneTisgan Tanabari manZiliT dacilebuli oTxi paraleluri xazi gaavlo. nevmebi ukve xazebze da maT Soris ganlagdnen, rac bevrad zustad da dawvrilebiT gamoxatavda bgeris simaRles.

gakveTili 5

sanoto damwerloba

gvido areco 992-1050w.

gvido arecos himni

10

nevma _ berZn. pnevma niSnavs sun-Tqvas uxazo notaciis niSnebi. gvxvdeba Zv. civilizaciebSi – egvipte, indoeTi, palestina, siria, sparseTi.

noti _ laT. note niSnavs `niSans~, `aRniSvnas~.

gvido arecos saflavis qva

& cgvido arecos himni

w w w w w wut qu eant la xis- -

& w w w w w wre so na re fi bris- - - -

& w w w w w w w wmi ra ge sto rum- - - -

& w w w w w w wfa mu li tu o rum- - -

& w w w w w w wsol ve pol lu ti- - - - -

& w w w w w w w>la bi i re a tum- - - -

& w w w w w wsan cte Jo ha nnes.- - -

3

ut

re

mi

fa

sol

la

san

gvido arecos himni

axali notaciis Seqmnis Sesaxeb xmebi, rogorc raRac saswaulis Sesaxeb, ise ga-vrcelda da romis papi ioane XIX-s karam-dec miaRwia.

amgvarad, XI s-is dasawyisSi, musikosma da Teoretikosma gvido arecom gadatria-leba moaxdina Caweris sistemaSi. 4-xaziani sistema gaxda wina saxe Tanamedrove sano-to damwerlobisa, romelic emyareba xuT xazs. TiTqmis amavdroulad gaCnda ZiriTa-di bgerebis – Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La – dasaxe-lebac. es iyo sawyisi marcvlebi mociquli ioanesadmi miZRvnili laTinuri himnisa, romelic Seqmna berma pavle diakon-ma. ioane saeklesio galobis mfarvelad iTvleboda.

mogvianebiT, marcvali Ut Seicvala `Do~- Ti da gaCnda kidev erTi bgeris sa-xelic – Si sityvaTSeTanxmebidan Sancta Iohanne `wminda ioane~.

am droidan mTels msoflioSi musikis Casawerad notebs iyeneben.

gvido arecos xeli sanoto xazebiTa da sanoto niSnebiT, riTac is aswavlida Tavis mowafeebs sagaloblebs.

gvido areco. wminda ioanesadmi miZRvnili himni.Sua saukuneebis italiuri musikamousmine da gaiazre

gadawere da gaimRere gvido arecos himni

11

rogor iqcnen nevmebi notebad

12

notaciis srulyofasTan erTad, TandaTanobiT sanoto xelnawerebis ufro zusti wakiTxva gaxda SesaZlebeli. no-taciis gamogoneba dakavSirebulia da emTxveva mravalx-mianobis ganviTarebis dasawyiss – rac Zalze mniSvnelova-ni etapia musikis istoriaSi.

uZveles droSi da Sua saukuneebSic, didi xnis manZil-ze, musika erTxmiani iyo. momRerali simReras asrulebda da imave melodias sakravze ukravda. zogjer momRerlis xma da sakravi ar emTxveoda erTmaneTs, Semdeg ki kvlav erTiandeboda. amgvarad, xandaxan 2-xmianobis elementebi Cnde boda. IX-X saukuneebis mijnaze mravalxmianoba Tanda-Tan iwyebs ganviTarebas da SemdgomSi, profesiul musikaSi,

kerZod kaTolikur eklesiaSi. Tavdapirvelad, roca erTi an ramdenime momRe-rali erTad asrulebda grigoriseuli qoralis nel, mSvid melodias, II xma mas igive ritmSi mkacrad paraleluri moZraobebiT oqtavaSi, kvartis an kvintis

dacilebiT mosdevda. aseTi orxmianoba CvenTvis axla martivi JReradobisaa, magram saukuneTa win, aseTi si-mRera adamianebs aRafrTovanebda da musikisTvis axal gamomsaxvel saSualebebs xsni da. Tavdapirvelad gaCnda aseTi martivi or xmiani qora-lebi _ organumebi. orxmiani organumebis saukeTeso Semqm-nelad da `organumebis didi wignis~ Semdgenelad iTvleba frangi musikosi leonini.

saeklesio musikaSi, Tanda-Tan, uf ro metad gamomsaxveli xdeba meore xmis moZraoba. mo-gvianebiT ki, simRera-galoba

3, 4 da ufro metxmianic xdeba. aseTi 3-4-xmiani sa-galoblebi Seqmna XIII s-Si eklesiis musikosma pero-tinim. misi sagaloblebi parizis RvTismSoblis ta-ZarSi – notr-damSi JRerda, sadac daarsda kidec samomRerlo skola notr-dami. Sua saukuneebis go-Tikuri arqiteqturis es SesaniSnavi Zegli aRwera XIX s-is frangma mweralma v. hiugom Tavis saxelganTq-mul romanSi `parizis RvTismSoblis taZari~...

ase daiwyo ganviTareba polifo-niam. berZnulad igi mravalxmianobas niSnavs. es iseTi mravalxmianobaa, sa-dac erTdroulad JRers Tanabari, erT-nairi mniSvnelobis ori an meti xma.

saeklesio mravalaxmianobis ganviTarebasTan erTad, Cnde-ba axali musikaluri Janrebi – konduqti da moteti.

droTa ganmavlobaSi, mravalxmiani simReris Tanxlebis-Tvis, sakravebis gamoyenebac daiwyes. frangi kompozitoris giiom de maSos SemoqmedebaSi vokali zogjer mTavar xmas asrulebda, danarCeni xmebi ki instrumentuli iyo. misi oTx-xmiani mesa pirveli saavtoro polifoniuri mesaa musikis is-toriaSi.

gakveTili 6

rogor ganviTarda mravalxmianoba

giiom de maSo 1300-1377

leonini 1163-1201

notr dami

perotini. organumis xelnaweri aleluia

13

konduqti (laT. conductus - `wamyvani~) sasuliero da

saero Sinaarsis nawarmoebebia, romlebic sadRe-saswaulo svlebisa da procesebisTvisaa gankuTvni-li. teqstebi laTinurad iwereboda.

moteti (frangulad motet, mot-dan - `sityva~) – TiToeul xmas Seesabameboda Tavisi teqsti. xanda-xan teqstebi xmebisTvis sxvadasxva enebzec ki iwe-reboda. motetebic saeklesio da saero musikaSi gvxvdeba.

mesa _ sasuliero musikis nawarmoebi gundis, zogjer solisti _ momRerlebis monawileobiT da instrumentuli TanxlebiT. sruldeba kaTolikur eklesiaSi, laTinur enaze. `Ite missa est ecclesia~ _ `wadiT, Sekreba dasrulebulia~. am sityvebiT qristia-nobis gariJraJze, RvTismsaxurebis win eklesiidan iTxovdnen maT, vinc jer kidev gamocdas gadioda. eklesiaSi mxolod TemSi miRebulebi rCebodnen. mesa sxvadasxva saxisaa: yoveldRiuri _ ordinarium, samgloviaro _ Requiem, sadRe-

saswaulo _ solemnis. organumi _ laTinurad Organum iaraRs, instruments niSna-

vs. kaTolikur eklesiaSi _ orxmiani sagalobelia.

kaTolikur eklesiaSi mesa yvelaze didi, rTuli musikaluri Janri gaxda. igi 4-5-xmiani sagundo nawarmoebia. mesis 5 ZiriTadi nawi-li saeklesio himnebidan Camoyalibda. es na-wilebia: 1. Kyrie eleison _ ufalo Segviwyale, 2. Gloria _ dideba, 3. Credo _ mwams, 4. Sanctus _ wminda arss da Benediectus _ kurTxeul arss, 5. Agnus dei _ RvTis kravi.

es tradicia, Sesrulebis es wesi, dRemdea SenarCunebuli kaTolikur eklesiaSi.

giom de maSos sanoto xelnaweri

a. diureri.mesayvire da medole

gaudencio ferari.wm. sesilia da wm. margarita

aleluiagaimRere grigoriseuli qorali

perotinis organumigiiom de maSo. kancona

?dies irae

? ..

&aleluia



&notkeris sekvencia



jœ jœ jœ




jœ œ œ




14

Sua saukuneebSi sxvadasxva sakravi iyo gavrcelebuli. maT Soris _ xis Casaberebi: krumhorni (germ. Krummhorn _ `mrude rqa~) da Salmei (berZn, `Calamos~- `lerwami~).

krumhornebi XI saukuneSi gaCnda. sakravis grZeli xis tari kauWiviT moRunulia, xolo swor tanze naxvre-tebi aqvs TiTebisaTvis. naxvretebze TiTis daWerisas Semsrulebeli cvlis bgeris simarRles. Bbgera ki Ggamoi-cemoda specialuri mowyobilobis-trostis meSveobiT(lerwmis pata-ra mogrZo firfita). krumhornebSi erTdroulad or firfitas iyene-bdnen. sakravis diapazoni didi ar iyo, oqtavaze odnav meti. male krumhornebis mTeli ojaxi gaCnda: TiToeu-li sakravi gansazRvrul registrSi JRerda. sxva Casa-berTagan gansxvavebiT, krumhornebis JReradoba rbili iyo, maTze lirikul musikas asrulebdnen.

Salmei _ Seiqmna XIII saukuneSi, agebulebiT gavs krumhorne-bs, zeda mxares aqvs e.w. `pirueti~ (rac Tanamedrove saqsofons mogvagonebs). aqvs rva naxvreti, erTi maTgani sarqveliT ixu-reba. mogvianebiT sarqvelebi gamoiyenes sxva Casaber sakraveb-Sic. Salmeis mkveTri da mJReri xma aqvs, misi dabali bgerebic ki sakmaod xmamaRali da gamWolia.

didi popularobiT sargeblobda sxvdasxva regist-ris ganivi da sigrZivi fleitebi. ganivi fleitebisgan gansxvavebiT, igi vertikalurad eWiraT. fleitebSi trosti ar gamoiyeneba, amitom isini ufro Cumad JRers, vidre sxva Casa-berebi, magram maTi tembri saocrad nazia da mdidari elferi aqvs.

XI saukunidan cnobilia trumSaiti (germanulad Trumme _ `sayviri~, Scheit _ `Rero~).

simebian-xemian sakravebs Soris gavrce-lebuli iyo rebeki da fideli. maT aqvT 2-5 simi, magram fidels ufro mrgvali

korpusi aqvs, msxals mogvagonebs, rebeki ki ufro mogrZo formisaa.xemian sakravTa garda, gavrcelebuli iyo simebiani arfa da citra. Sua saukuneebis arfa hgavs Tanamedroves, magram zomiT pataraa. citra gavs sworkuTxovan yuTs, romelsac cal mxares simebi aqvs. simebis

gadasaWimad xmarobdnen grifs _ (`saxeluri, tari~) xis firfi-tas, romelic dayofilia ladebad. aqvs 30-40 simi, maTgan 4-5 liTonisaa, danarCeni Zuis. Semovida XII-XII ss-Si, popularuli gaxda XV-XVI saukuneebSi.

Sua saukuneebis sakravebigakveTili 7

krumhorni

Salme

kelturi arfa

rebekicitra

ganivi fleitebi

trumSaiti

Sua saukuneebis melodia keltur arfaze

gaixsenera aris diapazoni, registri, tembri.

15

Gaudeamus igitur – studenturi simRera-himnia laTinur enaze. Gaudeamus _ gaudeamus _ laTinurad niSnavs _ `modi, vimxia-ruloT~. es simRera daibada XIII-XIV s-Si, savaraudod, haidel-bergis an parizis universitetSi. am himns vinme sebastian branti 1267 wels moixseniebs ̀ Gaudeamus igitur~- is saxelwodebiT. ̀ gaude-amusi~ vagantebis sufruli Janris simRerebidan momdinareobs. vagantebi Suasaukuneebis moxetiale musikosebi arian, romelTa Soris iyvnen studentebi.

saukuneTa manZilze simRera zepirad gadaicemoda, ris gamoc misi mravali varianti arsebobs. nabeWdi saxiT pirvelad mxolod 1776 wels gaCnda. 1781 wels ki moxetiale mweralma qindlebenma misca is forma, rome-lic dRemdea SenarCunebuli, xolo simReris cnobili motivi savaraudod XV s-is kompozitorma iohanes okegemma daaamkvidra.

es simRera sxvadasxva qveynis studentebSi gaxda popularuli. igi xotbas asxams sicocxles, axalgazrdobasa da mecnierebas (`gavixaroT, vimxiaruloT, sanam axalgazrdebi varT~...). `Gaudeamus~ gamoyenebuli aqvT sxvadasxva kompo-zitorebs, mag; lists, brams da sxv. germanelma kompozitorma humperdinkma ki germaneli studentebis Sesaxeb dawera opera `gaudeamusi~.

& 43 .. ...œ œ œ œGau de a mus

.œ œ i gi tur,

.œ œ œ œIu ve nes dum

œ œ œ Œsu mus;- - - - - -

& .œ œ œ œPost iu cun dum

œ œ œ œiu ven tu tem,

.œ œ œ œPost mo les tam

œ œ œ œse nec tu tem- - - - - - - -

& .œ œ œ œ œNos ha be bit

œ œ œUhu mus,

.œ œ œ œ œNos ha be bit

œ œ œUhu mus.- - - - - -

Gaudemus Igitur

Christian Wilhelm Kindleben (1748-1785)

GAuDEmuS IGItuR

GAuDEmuS IGItuR

Christian Wilhelm Kindleben (1748-1785)

iohanes okegemi. 1410-1497

Gaudeamus igiturIuvenes dum sumus.Post iucundam iuventutemPost molestam senectutemNos habebit humus.

Vivat academia!Vivant professores!Vivat membrum quodlibet;Vivant membra quaelibet;Semper sint in flore.

Ubi sunt qui ante nosIn mundo fuere?Vadite ad superosTransite in inferosHos si vis videre.

`Gaudeamus igitur~ - mousmine da imRere TviTon

gakveTili 8

16

gadawere, daukari da aRniSne mervedi grZliobis notebi

nawyvetebi Sua saukuneebis saero musikidan

furclidan kiTxva

?dies irae

? ..

&aleluia



&notkeris sekvencia



jœ jœ jœ




jœ œ œ




sufruli simRera

Spilmanis melodia

espanuri simRera

rondo

Spilmani germanuli sityvaa _ Sua saukuneebis moxetiale musikosi

& b 43rondo

œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

& b œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

& b œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ

& b

simRera marioni

œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ .

& 43 œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ bœ

& œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ Œ

& 42Spilmanis melodia

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

& ..œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ1.

2.

œ œ œ œ œ œ

& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

& 44 ..œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ1.

œ œ œ œ 2.œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ

&

Sotlandiuri himni

œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ . Œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ œ œ w w

?gvidos magaliTebi

ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww

? w ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww

? ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww ww

& b cgermanuli simRera

œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ . œ œ œ œ œ

& b œ œ œ œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

& b . œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ

& 42espanuri simRera

jœ jœ œ jœ Jœ œ œ œ jœ jœ jœ jœ œ œ Œ

& Œ jœ jœ œ jœ Jœ œ œ œ jœ jœ jœ œ jœ œ

& Cperi

w œ œ w œ œ . œ œ œ# œ w Œ œ . œ œ œ œ œ œ

& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ# œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w œ# w w

17

Sua saukuneebSi, saeklesio profesiuli musikis gan-viTarebasTan erTad, viTardeba saero profesiuli mu-sikac. misi Janrebi da formebi umetesad xalxur tradi-ciebze aRmocenda. xalxur musikas xSirad asrulebdnen qalaqebSi moxetiale msaxiobebi. isini erTdroulad iyv-nen musikosebi, mocekvaveebi, pantomimis ostatebi, akro-batebi, gaiTamaSebdnen sxvadasxva scenebs, monawileobas iRebdnen Teatralizebul warmodgenebSi, romlebic pirdapir quCebsa da moednebze imarTeboda.

aseTi warmodgenebi iyo misteriebi, sakarnavalo da mxiaruli `xumaraTa warmodgenebi~ da sxva. eklesia aseT qmedebebs metad frTxilad ekideboda, radgan SiSobda, aseT wadmodgenebs adamianebSi zedmeti, zRvargadasuli gr-Znobebi ar gamoewvia.

XII-XIIIs.s.-ebSi profesiuli saero musikis ayvaveba dakavSirebulia raindul kulturasTan – Sua saukuneebis samxedro aristokratiis xelovnebasTan. raindebi did dros atarebdnen laSqro-bebSi, brZolebsa da sxvadasxva SejibrebSi. bevr maTgans uyvarda poezia da musika. swored aseTi raindebi gaxdnen pirveli kompozitorebi. isini cxovrobdnen samxreT sa-frangeTSi, provansSi, XI saukuneSi. maT trubadurebs eZa-xdnen. isini werdnen leqsebs da musikas am leqsebisTvis, xolo maTi msaxurebi – menestrelebi TavianTi batonebis simRerebs mRerodnen.

trubadurebi swavlobdnen ara mxolod poezias da musi-kas, aramed zogadad kargi qcevisa da mandilosnebTan Ta-vaziani moqcevis wesebs. maT unda scodnodaT yvelaferi, rac maT garSemo xdeboda, gaegoT samefo karze momxdari ambebi, eqspromtad SeeTxzaT leqsebi, scodnodaT dakvra or sakravze mainc.

trubadurebi da menestrelebi mogzaurobdnen mTels qveyanaSi. TavianT simRerebs mSvenier qalbatonebs uZRvnidnen. amitom maTi Semoqmedebis mTavari Tema iyo amaRlebuli siyvaruli. isini qmnidnen martiv da yvelasTvis gasageb simRerebs, romlebSic aRwerdnen aseve brZolis scene-bs, umRerodnen mSobliuri bunebis silamazes. trubadurTa zogierT simRe-ras dResac mRerian safrangeTSi.

trubadurebi xSirad simRerebs XIIs-is epikuri poemis (`simRera roland-ze~) teqstebze werdnen, romelic mogviTxrobs karlos didis laSqrobebze da misi erTguli raindis _ rolandis tragikul bedze.

soflis cxovrebis idiliur suraTze mogviTxroben si-mRerebi _ nazi pasturelebi. maT safuZvelze mogviane-biT Seiqmna pastorali _ nawarmoebi, romelic gadmosce-ms adamianis kavSirs bunebasTan.

trubadurebisgan gansxvavebiT, truverebi axlos iyv-nen qalaqisa da xalxis cxovrebasTan, maTi Semoqmedeba ufro demokratiuli iyo.

frang trubadurebs germanuli rainduli poeziis da musikis warmomadgenlebi minezingerebi hgvanan. gansaku-TrebiT popularulebi iyvnen XII-XIII saukuneebSi volfram fon eSenbaxi da valter fon der fogelvaidi. 1207 wels qalaq valtburgSi maTi Sejibric ki moewyo. mogvianebiT,

Sua saukuneebis saero musikagakveTili 9

balada arfis TanxlebiT

trubaduri qudiT

trubaduri

18

gudastvirebis musika. XIII saukunis germanuli simRera _ trubadurebi

es ambavi safuZvlad daedo rainduli literatu-risa da musikis araerT nawarmoebs. am Sejibrze mogviTxrobs vagneris opera `tanhoizeric~.

minezingerTa Semoqmedebis mTavari Temac siyvarulia, magram maTi musika ufro mkacria, zogjer pirquSic ki. maT musikaSi ufro metia fi-qri da gansja, vidre mgznebare grZnobebi, melo-diebi gvxiblavs ubraloebiTa da lakonurobiT, sulieri siRrmiT, riTac saeklesio nawarmoebebs utoldeba.

minezingerebi XIV saukunidan maisterzinge-rebma Secvales.

Sua saukuneebis musikaSi calke jgufia keltTa musika. keltebis karis musikose-bi iyvnen bardebi, romlebic asrulebdnen gmirul sati-rul, sabrZolo simRerebs da baladebs, simebiani sakra-vis _ krotis TanxlebiT.

Zalze didia rainduli xelovnebis mniSvneloba evro-puli kulturisTvis. man didi gavlena iqonia ara mxo-lod mxatvruli Semoqmedebis formirebaze, aramed grZnobaTa kulturazec. amitomac araa gasakviri, rom aRorZinebis xanis italieli poetebi _ dante, petrarka _ sakuTar Tavebs trubadurTa memkvidreebad miiCnevd-nen. XVIIIs-Si es daviwyebuli xelovneba aaRorZines ro-mantikosebma. mag; novalisma. trubadurebis xelovneba itacebda puSkins da haines...

trubaduri _ modis gamoTqmidan art de trobas _ `Seqm-nis xelovneba~, SeiZleba vTargmnoT rogorc `gamomgo-

nebeli~, `SemTxzveli~. trubadurebis musika ganicdida xalxuri Semoqmede-bis gavlenas, magram ufro faqizi, haerovani, mSvidi da natifia.

truveri _ axlosaa mniSvnelobiT sityvasTan `trubaduri~, magram war-moSobilia Zv. franguli zmnidan `trouver~ rac niSnavs _ `povna~, `gamogoneba~, `SeTxzva~.

pastorali _ fr. pastourelle _ `mwyemsi qali~menestreli _ laT. ministrialis _ didebulis karze momsaxureminenzingeri _ germ. minnesinger _ `siyvarulis momRerali~, igivea rac safrangeTSi trubadurimaisterzingeri _ germ. meistersinger _ simReris ostati _ XIV-XVI s.s.-ebis germaniaSi poeti da momReralibardi _ ingl. bard _ uZveles keltur tomebSi _ saxalxo momRerali

trubaduri

minezingerebi

19

gakveTili 10

Cemi qveynis buneba

p. Caikovskim 1887-89 wlebSi saqarTveloSi _ Tbilissa da borjomSi imogzaura. aq dawera man simfoniuri suita `mocartiana~, baleti `mZinare mzeTunaxavi~ da muSao-bda operaze `pikis qali~.

qarTvel kompozitorTagan yvelaze meti _ rva opera _ dawera a. andriaSvilma – (1904-1992), eqvsi – o. TaqTaqiSvilma (1924-1989).

gamoCenilma qarTvelma reJisorma sandro axmetelma 1928 wlis 16 marts dadga z. faliaSvilis opera `latavra~.

ana TulaSvili (1874-1956) aris pirveli qarTveli profesionali pianisti qali.

1904 wels kojorSi daibada gamoCenili sabWoTa kompozitori aram xaCaturiani.

aloiz mizandaris (1838-1912) romansi `Cven davSordiT~ qarTuli musikispirveli dabeWdili nawarmoebia, romelic gamoica peterburgSi 1863 wels.

cnobilma rusma kompozitorma da pedagogma s. taneevma 1885 wels pirvelma Caiwera qarTuli xalxuri simRerebi.

mixeil nanobaSvili – miSel dariali (1878-1941) qarTveli momRerali, romelic 1908-24 wlebSi parizis grand-operis solisti iyo.

o ra kargia Cemi qveynis buneba,

roca maisis sio geCurCuleba.

ise ifurCqnebian ia-vardebi

rom ar giyvarde vficav, Segiyvardebi

netav sad aris mxare ulamazesi

Tbili da wminda rogorc dedis alersi

ise ifurCqnebian ia-vardebi

rom ar giyvarde vficav, Segiyvardebi

musika: arCil kereseliZis

simRera qarTuli mxatvruli filmidan `ori ojaxi~ 1958w.

mousmine simReris minus fonogramas da imRere TviTon.

arCil kereseliZe.kadrebi filmidan`ori ojaxi~ 1958w.

arCil kereseliZe

? w w w w w w

? w w w w w

& #

& b

& #

& b

& w w w

& w w w w w w

& w wb w

? w w w w w w

? w w w w w

& #

& b

& #

& b

& w w w

& w w w w w w

& w wb w

gaiazre

qarTuli musikis istoriidan

20

XV-XVI ss-Si evropis qveynebSi kulturam da mecnierebam ganviTarebis umaRles mwvervals miaRwia. es aris aRorZinebis xana, anu renesansi. am epoqis SemoqmedTaTvis mTavari, ZiriTadi principi humanizmi da harmoniulobaa. maT ainteresebT adamia-

nis pirovneba da iswrafvian axleburad Seicnon samyaro. aRorZinebis xana erT-erTi saukeTesoa kacobriobis istoriaSi. man Se-

cvala Sua saukuneebis xangrZlivi epoqa da udidesi gavlena moaxdina kul-turis mTel Semdgom ganviTarebaze. evropaSi aRorZinebis xana daiwyo XIV saukuneSi, italiaSi. XV saukunis II naxevridan farTod moicva dasavleTi da centraluri evropis qveynebi, ganviTarebis umaRles mwvervals ki XVI saukuneSi miaRwia. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi renesansi ufro adre, XII saukuneSi daiwyo daviT aRmaSeneblis epoqaSi.

Sua saukuneebSi ganviTarda savaWro urTierToba aRmosavleTisa da da-savleTis qveynebs Soris, rasac xeli Seuwyo didma geografiul-ma aRmoCenebma, mogzaurebma vasko da gamam, magelanma, romelmac pirvelma Semouara dedamiwas. kolumbma ki 1492 wels amerikis kon-tinenti aRmoaCina. ganviTarda astronomia. jordano brunom pir-velma gamoTqva Tavisufali azri imis Sesaxeb, rom dedamiwa mrgva-lia da is mzis garSemo brunavs.

am periodSi ganviTarda xelovnebis iseTi darge-bi, rogoricaa qandakeba, arqiteqtura, mozaika da, gansakuTrebiT, ferwera.

aRorZinebis xanis italiaSi xelovneba arnaxul aRmavlobas ganicdida, gaTavisuflda Sua sauku-neebis religiuri dogmebisa da asketizmisgan. mar-Talia, mxatvrebi TavianT Sedevrebs isev bibliur

siuJetebze qmnidnen, magram am tipis nawarmoebebSi mTava-ri, rogorc aRvniSneT, adamiani da misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi iyo. religiur siuJetebSi mxatvrebs miwieri, saero Sinaarsi SehqondaT.

italiur renesansSi mniSvnelovani adgili ekava ferweris vene-ciur skolas: joto, tintorento, ticiani, veroneze. rodesac vix-senebT kacobriobis istoriis am saocar dros da mis warmomadgen-lebs, ar SeiZleba ar aRvniSnoT miqelanjelo – moqandake, fermweri, poeti, arqiteqtori, mravalmxrivi Semoqmedi, romlis monumenturi Sedevrebi `daviTi~, `pieta~, `mose~ vatikanSi, `wminda petres taZari~ romSi, mTels msoflioSia cnobili.

am epoqis kidev erTi didi warmomadgenelia leonardo da vin-Ci, mecnierebis TiTqmis yvela dargSi garkveuli adamiani, udidesi fermweri. TviTon leonardo ferweras xelovnebis

dargebs Soris upirvelesad Tvlida. misi `saidumlo seroba~, `madona lita~, `madona yvaviliT~, `angiaris brZola~, `jokon-das idumali Rimili~ dRemde xiblavs da aocebs msoflios. leonardo iyo poeti, musikosi, astronomi, fizikosi, arqite-qtori, eqimi.

amave xanaSi aRorZinda musikaluri xelovnebac. mravalfe-rovnebiT gamoirCeoda italiaSi ori skola – romis _ pales-

gakveTili 11

renesansi

miqelanjelo. siqstis kapelaadamis Seqmna

rafaeli. avtoportreti

miqelanjelo. avtoportreti

miqelanjelo. `pieta~

ian van eiki.angelozi ukravs organze

romi.wm. petres taZari

21

trinas meTaurobiT da veneciis _ gabrielis xelmZRvanelobiT. maTi dramatuli madriga-lebi italiuri operis uSualo winamorbe-dia. madrigalebs hqondaT libreto, moqme-di pirebi, magram jer ar iyo solo ariebi da reCitativebi. XV-XVI s-ebSi evropis musika-lur cxovrebaze didi gavlena iqonia nider-landebis polifoniurma skolam. am skolis xelovanTa Soris gamoirCevian giom diufai, iohanes okegemi, Josken depre, orlando laso da sxva. mu-sikaluri xelovneba viTardeba aseve espaneTSi, safrangeT-Si, inglisSi, poloneTSi. am periodSi safuZveli eyreba iseT Janrs, rogoricaa opera.

saero musikaSi viTardeba sxvadasxva vokaluri da instrumentuli Janrebi: kancona, Sansoni, ba-lada... Zlierdeba interesi xalxuri sasimRero- sacekvao Janrebisadmi, keTilxmovani da bunebrivi melodiebisadmi. swored aRorZinebis xanaSi iZens srul damoukideblobas instrumentuli musika. gavrcelebuli sakravebia: liut-na (barbiTi), organi, klavesini da maTi nairsaxeobebi. XVI saukunis bolos ki saviolino nawarmoebebi Seiqmna. gavr-

celda saojaxo muzicirebis formebi. ganviTarda musikis Teoria, Seiqmna mu-sikalur-Teoriuli traqtatebi.

leonardo da vinCi cnobili mxatvari, moqandake, ar-qiteqtori, maTematikosi, geologi, gamomgonebeli, inJineri da amave dros musikosic iyo. SesaniSnavad ukravda barbiTze da mReroda. Tavadac aswavl-ida simReris xelovnebas. igi iyo pirveli, vinc Seiswavla vokaluri xelovnebis buneba, gamoikvlia sa-sunTqi organoebis, tuCebis, ybebis, piris Rrusa da kbilebis roli mRe-ris procesSi. yovelive es aRweril-ia 1516 wels daweril traqtatSi, ro-melic sakmaod gvian gaxda cnobili STamomavlebisTvis.

Josken depre. `pavana~a. gabrieli. `daviTis fsalmunebi~orlando laso. `aleluia~jovani palestrina. agnus dei, aRorZinebis xanis italiuri simRera

madrigali _ it. Madrigale – aRorZinebis epoqis saero musi-kalur-poeturi Janri momdinareobs Zveli italiuri mwyemsuri simRerebidan. XIV s-Si profesiul musikaSi lirikuri Sinaarsis

kupleturi formis 2-3-xmiani simReraa.

Josken depre

jovani palestrina

leonardo da vinCi. avtoportreti

leonardo da vinCi. saidumlo seroba

orlando laso

andrea da jovani gabrielis simRerebis krebulis satitulo

gverdi venecia 1587w.

22

dasawyisi

romelman Seqmna samyaro ZaliTa miT ZlieriTa,zegardmo arsni suliTa yvna zeciT monaberiTa,Cven, kacTa, mogvca qveyana, gvaqvs uTvalavi feriTa,misgan ars yovli xelmwife saxiTa mis mieriTa.

he RmerTo erTo, Sen Sehqmen saxe yovlisa tanisa,Sen damifare, Zleva mec daTrgunvad me satanisa,momec mijnurTa survili, sikvdimde gasatanisa,codvaTa Sesubuqeba, mun Tana wasatanisa.

vis Svenis, _ lomsa, _ xmareba Subisa, far_SimSerisa,_ mefisa mzis Tamarisa, Rawv_balaxS, Tma_giSerisa,_mas, ara vici, Sevhkadro Sesxma xotbisa Serisa?misTa mWvretelTa yandisa mirTma xams, marT miSerisa.

Tamars vaqebdeT mefesa sisxlisa creml_daTxeuli,vTqveni qebani visni me ar_avad gamorCeuli.melnad vixmare giSris tba da kalmad me na rxeuli,vinca isminos, daesvas laxvari gulsa xeuli.

mibrZanes maTad, saqebrad Tqma leqsebisa tkbilisa,qeba warbTa da wamwamTa, TmaTa da bage_kbilisa,brol_balaxSisa Tlilisa, mis mijriT miwyobilisa.gastex qvasaca magarsa gvrdemli tyviisa lbilisa.

p. Caikovski. safortepiano koncerti #1, I nawilir. vagneri. opera `tanhoizeri~ _ uvertiura

musikis fonze waikiTxeT SoTa rusTavelis poema`vefxistyaosnis~ nawyveti da gamoavlineT saukeTeso

Tamar mefe

SoTa rusTavelis freska.ierusalimi, jvris monasteri

SoTa rusTaveli `vefxistyaosani~

gakveTili 12

23

sulxan-saba orbeliani „sityvis konaSi“ ganmartavs: „ga-loba ars xma angelozTadmi mimsgavsebuli“. gal oba RvTis sadidebeli locvaa.

msoflios yvela qristianul eklesias sakuTari, originaluri sagaloblebi aqvs, romelTa Sorisac erT-erTi gamorCeuli da Rirseuli adgili qarTul tradici-ul galobas ukavia.

qarTuli saeklesio galobis istoria aTeul sauku-nes iTvlis. qristianobis damkvidrebis pirvel xanaSi RvTismsaxureba berZnul enaze mimdinareobda. galobac berZnuli iyo _ erTxmiani. axali religiis dasamkvidreblad aucilebeli gax-

da RvTismsaxurebis mSobliur enaze warmarTva. qarTuli qristianuli sagalobeli qarTuli xalxuri adgilobrivi musi-

kaluri tradiciebidan aRmocenda. qarTveli mecnierebis varaudiT, mravalx-miani galoba VII-VIII saukeneebidan unda damkvidrebuliyo, rac gasakviri arc aris, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom qarTvelTa musikaluri azrovneba mra-valxmianobis fenomens eyrdnoba.

VII-VIII saukuneebidan eklesia-monastrebTan ukve samgalobo skolebi da mga-lobelTa gundebi yalibdeba. am periodSive Seiqmna moZRvreba galobis swavlebis Sesaxeb, romelsac „xmiT saswavleli swavlai“ ewodeboda. gaCnda profesionali musikosis moTxovnileba, romelic sasuliero teqstebze musikis Seqmnas, e.i „xmis dadebas“ SeZlebda. samefo da saeklesio karze Seiqmna „mgalobelT uxucesis“, „galobis moZRvris“, „mwignobarmgaloblis“, „mTavarmgaloblis“, „galo-bis winamZRvris Tananmdebobebi“.

qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobisa da musikis aRma-vloba gamoCenil saeklesio moRvaweTa saxelebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. istori-am Semogvinaxa maTi saxelebi: ioane sabanisZe, ioane minCxi, grigol xanZTeli, ioane zosime, giorgi merCule, giorgi da eqvTime mTawmindelebi, arsen iyalToeli, ioane petriwi da sxv. maT Soris gamorCeuli adgili X saukunis moRvawes miqael modrekils ukavia, romlis mier Sedgenili krebuli samgalo-bo niSnebiT anu nevmebiT aris Semkuli. jerjerobiT, musikaluri damwerlo-bis es sistema gaSifruli ar aris, Tumca unda iTqvas, rom amave periodSi sxva qveynebSi arsebuli musikaluri niSnebisagan qarTuli nevmebi gansxvavebuli da TviTmyofadia.

saqarTvelos istoriis mZime periodebSi dampyrobTa gamudme-buli Semosevebis Sedegad, qarTuli kulturis, kerZod saekle-sio musikis ganviTareba mniSvnelovnad ferxdeboda. nadgurde-boda samgalobo krebulebi, daviwyebas mieca musikaluri damw-erloba, aRar funqcionirebda eklesia-monastrebTan arsebuli samgalobo skolebi. mdgo mareoba, gansakuTrebiT, XIX da XX sau-kuneebSi damZimda. saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos eklesias CamoerTva avtokefalia da misi marTva rus egzarqosebs gadaecaT. maTi brZanebiT, aikrZala eklesiebSi mSobliur enaze wirva-locvis Catareba. galoba rusul yaidaze warmarTes. qarTuli galoba daviwyebis, gaqrobis safrTxis wi-naSe dadga. Zalze Semcirda galobis mcodneTa ricxvi.

qarTuli galoba

miqael modrekilis sagalobelTa krebuli977-988 ww.

qarTuli nevmebi. Wil-etratis iadgari, X s.

gakveTili 13

24

gansakuTrebiT mZime xana, qarTul ga-lobas, sabWoTa periodSi daudga. daingra eklesia-monastrebi, devnidnen saeklesio pirebs, maT Soris, galobis mcodneT.

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis ga-mocxadebis Semdeg kvlav daiwyo qarTuli saeklesio galobis aRorZinebis procesi da qarTul taZrebSi kvlav ismis qarTuli tradiciuli sagalobeli.

XIX s-is 80-ian da XX s-is 10-ian wlebSi, cnobilma qarTvelma saero da sasuliero moRvaweebma _ filimon qoriZem, Zmebma karbelaSvilebma, eqvTime kereseliZem sagaloblebi notebze gadaitanes. moRvaweoba sakmaod rTul pirobebSi uxdebo-daT. rom ara maTi rwmena da Tavdadeba, qarTveli eris unikaluri musikaluri saunje Cvenamde ver moaRwevda. SemorCenilia im cno-bil mgalobelTa vinaoba, ro m elTa gvar-saxelebiT moixsenieba

sxvadasxva samgalobo skolis kiloebi. magaliTad: kar-belaanT kilo, WalaganiZis kilo, kandelakianT galoba, dumbaZis kilo da sxv.

karbelaSvilebis gvari TiTqmis sami saukunis manZilze, Taobidan Taobas gadascemda galobis codnasa da tradicias. saqarTvelos mar-Tlmadidebeli eklesiis sinodis krebis gadawyvetilebiT, eqvTime kereseliZe, filimon qoriZe da Zmebi karbelaSvilebi wmindanebad Se-racxes.

qarTuli musikis istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi didi wvlili miuZR-vis gamoCenil qarTvel mecniers ivane javaxiSvils, misi kvlevebi mo-

cemulia naSromSi `qarTuli musikis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi~, romelic 1938 wels gamosca.

filimon qoriZis miergamocemuli sagaloblebispirveli krebulis yda. 1895

sagalobeli `wmidao RmerTo~.saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia IIwmida ninos tropari

filimon qoriZe

Zmebi karbelaSvilebi

wm. eqvTime aRmsarebeli(kereseliZe)

eqvTime kereseliZis mier Cawerili sagalobeli

25

&

?

44

44

œ œ jœ jœ .œ œ œwmi da o Rme rTo,

œ œ Jœ Jœ .œ œ œ

œ Jœ Jœ œ œ

œ jœ jœ .jœ rœ œwmi da o Zli e ro,

œ Jœ Jœ .Jœ Rœ œ


œ jœ jœ .jœ rœ œwmi da o u kvda vo,


œ Jœ Jœ .Jœ Rœ œ- - - - - - - - - - -

&

?

..

..

1, 2.jœ jœ jœ jœ Se gvi wya len Cven.

Jœ Jœ Jœ Jœ

Jœ Jœ Jœ Jœ

3.jœ jœ jœ jœ Se gvi wya len Cven.

Jœ Jœ Jœ Jœ

Jœ Jœ Jœ Jœ

- - - - - -

wmidao RmerTo

& 44II xma


œ jœ jœ .jœ rœ œwmi da o Zli e ro,

œ jœ jœ .jœ rœ œwmi da o u kvdavo,- - - - - - - - -

& ..1, 2.

jœ jœ jœ jœ Se gvi wya len Cven.

3.

jœ jœ jœ jœ Se gvi wya len Cven.- - - - - -

wmidao RmerTo

? 44bani

œ Jœ Jœ œ œwmi da o Rme rTo,

œ Jœ Jœ .Jœ Rœ œwmi da o Zli ero,

œ Jœ Jœ .Jœ Rœ œwmi da o u kvda vo,- - - - - - - - - -

? ..1.

Jœ Jœ Jœ Jœ

Se gvi wya len Cven.

2.

Jœ Jœ Jœ Jœ

Se gvi wya len Cven.- - - - - -

wmidao RmerTo

bani

wmidao RmerTo

II xma

& 44I xma


œ Jœjœ .jœ rœ œ

wmi da o Zli e ro,

œ Jœjœ .jœ rœ œ

wmi da o u kvda vo,- - - - - - - - - - -

& ..1, 2.jœ jœ jœ jœ

Se gvi wya len Cven.

3.jœ jœ jœ jœ Se gvi wya len Cven.- - - - - -

wmidao RmerTo

I xma

saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi iliaII

26

adreuli musika Sesavali .....................................................................................................3bizantiuri musika .................................................................................................................5amapola ...................................................................................................................................7Sua saukuneebis dasavleT evropis musika ..........................................................................8sanoto damwerloba ............................................................................................................10rogor ganviTarda mravalxmianoba ...................................................................................13Sua saukuneebis sakravebi ...................................................................................................15`Gaudeamus igitur~ ..................................................................................................................16Sua saukuneebis saero musika ............................................................................................18Cemi qveynis buneba ..............................................................................................................20renesansi ..............................................................................................................................21SemoqmedebiTi testi _ dasawyisi ......................................................................................23qarTuli galoba ..................................................................................................................24inglisuri balada ...............................................................................................................28Sopenis balada ....................................................................................................................30Tovli modis ........................................................................................................................32operis warmoSoba ................................................................................................................33pirveli opera ......................................................................................................................34veneciuri opera ..................................................................................................................35neapoluri opera .................................................................................................................36franguli opera ..................................................................................................................37Mamma ................................................................................................................................................ 38inglisuri opera .................................................................................................................39saopero reforma ................................................................................................................42rihard vagneri ....................................................................................................................45vagneris saopero reforma .................................................................................................47zaqaria faliaSvili ............................................................................................................48Cemo kargo qveyanav .............................................................................................................50qarTli .................................................................................................................................51kaxeTi ...................................................................................................................................55mesxeTi ..................................................................................................................................56raWa .......................................................................................................................................57leCxumi .................................................................................................................................59svaneTi ..................................................................................................................................60samegrelo ............................................................................................................................61meri daviTaSvili ................................................................................................................62herio biWebo ........................................................................................................................63xalxuri musika kompozitorTa SemoqmedebaSi .................................................................65baroko ..................................................................................................................................67antonio vivaldi .................................................................................................................68georg hendeli .....................................................................................................................69oratoria `mesia~ .................................................................................................................70iohan sebastian baxi ............................................................................................................71i.s.baxis saklaviro Semoqmedeba ........................................................................................72Hallelujah ...................................................................................................................................................74menueti .................................................................................................................................75JorJ bize .............................................................................................................................79Can’t buy me love, love .............................................................................................................................82igor stravinski ..................................................................................................................83aleqsi maWavariani ...............................................................................................................87bulbulo nazo .....................................................................................................................88arnold Sonbergi ................................................................................................................89muxambazi Tbiliss ...............................................................................................................90Happy new year ...................................................................................................................91kvarta-kvinturi wre ...........................................................................................................92Finale 2008 .................................................................................................................................................97

s a r C e v i

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