Mozambique Aflatoxin Outlook.ppt - Meridian Institute/media/Files/Projects/Aflatoxin...
Transcript of Mozambique Aflatoxin Outlook.ppt - Meridian Institute/media/Files/Projects/Aflatoxin...
Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi
Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng
March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi
Aflatoxin Outlook in Mozambique
Outline
Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
Background Information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Late 1970’s – Intake of aflatoxin contaminated food, especially from groundnut, linked to high prevalence of liver cancer in Southern Mozambique
Late 1990’s to date – Rejection of groundnut and groundnut products by the EU for exceeding aflatoxin legal limits
Background Information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Notifications of Mozambican groundnut products by EU market:Date Product type Notification type Subject
5/2/2007 food alert aflatoxins (B1 = 12; Tot. = 14.2 µg/kg ‐ ppb) in peanut kernels from Mozambique
3/19/2007 food information aflatoxins (B1 = 44.6; Tot. = 57.0 µg/kg ‐ ppb) in groundnuts from Mozambique
6/11/2007 food information aflatoxins (B1 = 4.8; Tot. = 7.5 µg/kg ‐ ppb) in groundnut kernels from Mozambique via the United Kingdom and via the Netherlands
4/7/2009 food border rejection aflatoxins (B1 = 34.5; Tot. = 52.2 / B1 = 3.1; Tot. = 3.6 µg/kg ‐ ppb) in peanuts from Mozambique
4/7/2009 food border rejection aflatoxins (B1 = 6.7; Tot. = 18.9 / B1 = 0.9; Tot. = 4.6 / B1 = 1.9; Tot. = 4.4 µg/kg ‐ ppb) in peanuts from Mozambique
12/30/2009 feed information aflatoxins (B1 = 120 mg/kg ‐ ppm) in groundnuts for birdseed from Mozambique
Source: RASFF portal, 2011
Background Information about aflatoxins in Mozambique
Late 1970’s – Intake of aflatoxin contaminated food, especially from groundnut, linked to high prevalence of liver cancer in Southern Mozambique
Late 1990’s to date – Rejection of groundnut and groundnut products by the EU for exceeding aflatoxin legal limits
Survey in 2013 – identification of aflatoxin hot‐spot areas for maize and groundnut in central and northern Mozambique (USAID‐Moz grant)
Outline
Background information about aflatoxinsin Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
According to FAO (1994) – There are aflatoxin regulations in Mozambique (but not enforced)
Universidade Lurio (UniLurio) in northern Mozambique – Aflatoxin testing and monitoring for different crops (but the lab is not accredited)
Madal Ltd in central Mozambique – private company working with some 3,000 groundnut farmers (sorting and aflatoxin testing for the farmers)
Outline
Background information about aflatoxinsin Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
Aflatoxin surveillance in Mozambique
Conducted at harvest, May‐June, 2013
In Northern and Central regions, but with emphasis to Nacala Corridor
Selection criteria for the locations: (a)maize and groundnut in the same area (but sampling will be as far as possible from each sampling point); (b) number of districts in each province; (c) distribution in altitude; (d) cropping systems; and (e)accessibility
Materials: “Sampling procedures” for survey, “Sampling questionnaires” for each survey group, colored‐printed and laminated mycotoxin factsheets in Portuguese, GPS handsets, etc
Objectives of the surveillance
Estimate magnitude of aflatoxins
Determine geographic distribution of aflatoxins
Facilitate planning
Determine magnitude of aflatoxins
9.3
73.6
maize
groundnut
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Average aflatoxin level (ppb) at harvest in Central and Northern Mozambique
n=283
n=307
Determine magnitude of aflatoxins
n=153n=154
Maizeaflatoxinnegatives
aflatoxinpositives(max. 687.1ppb)
n=122n=161
Groundnut
aflatoxinnegatives
aflatoxinpositives(max. 5673.5ppb)
Distribution of aflatoxins: by region
Crop Region
Frequency of aflatoxin negatives
(%)
Frequency of aflatoxin positives
(%)
Aflatoxin concentration
range
(ppb)
Groundnut
NORTHERN 40.7 (n=110)
59.3
(n=137)
0.0 – 5,673.5
CENTRAL 33.3
(n=12)
66.7
(n=24)
0.0 – 710.7
Maize
NORTHERN 47.1 (n=111)
52.9
(n=92)
0.0 – 687.1
CENTRAL 40.0
(n=45)
60.0
(n=62)
0.0 – 160.1
Distribution of aflatoxins: by province
Crop Province
Freq. aflatoxinnegatives
(%)
Freq. aflatoxinpositives
(%)
Aflatoxin concentration range
(ppb)
Groundnut
NIASSA 53.8 (n=14) 46.2 (n=12) 0.0 – 5,673.5NAMPULA 45.7 (n=91) 54.3 (n=108) 0.0 – 3,121.2ZAMBEZIA 46.2 (n=6) 53.8 (n=7) 0.0 – 710.7CABO DELGADO 22.7 (n=5) 77.3 (n=17) 0.0 – 83.4MANICA 28.6 (n=2) 71.4 (n=5) 0.0 – 9.0TETE 25.0 (n=4) 75.0 (n=12) 0.0 – 6.0
Maize
NAMPULA 58.0 (n=69) 42.0 (n=50) 0.0 – 687.1ZAMBEZIA 52.8 (n=19) 47.2 (n=17) 0.0 – 160.1CABO DELGADO 26.3 (n=5) 73.7 (n=14) 0.0 – 133.5NIASSA 56.9 (n=37) 43.1 (n=28) 0.0 – 117.0TETE 34.0 (n=18) 66.0 (n=35) 0.0 – 46.8MANICA 33.3 (n=5) 66.7 (n=10) 0.0 – 27.0
Distribution of aflatoxins: by levels
0.020.040.060.080.0
100.0
< 4 ppb(n=179)
< 20 ppb(n=220)
> 20 ppb(n=63)
0.020.040.060.080.0
100.0
< 4 ppb(n=195)
< 20 ppb(n=291)
> 20 ppb(n=16)
% g’dnut samples at harvest (n=283) % maize samples at harvest (n=307)
crop Frequency aflatoxin at harvest in Northern region (%)
Frequency aflatoxin at harvest in Central region (%)
4 ppb 20 ppb 20 ppb 4 ppb 20 ppb 20 ppb
G’dnut 63.2 (n=156)
75.7 (n=187)
24.3 (n=60)
66.7 (n=24)
94.4 (n=34)
5.6 (n=2)
Maize 69.5 (n=141)
96.6 (n=196)
3.4 (n=7)
51.9 (n=54)
91.3 (n=95)
8.7 (n=9)
Outline
Background information about aflatoxinsin Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
Identifying, selecting atoxigenic strains for aflatoxin biocontrol
More than 400 atoxigenic L‐strains of Aspergillus flavus identified from maize and groundnut
Most competitive and widely distributed atoxigenic strains, with no toxigenic member in their VCG groups, will be selected
Selected 8‐12 VCG strains to be formulated in aflasafe‐Moz biocontrol products for testing in farmers’ fields in 2014 crop growing season
Outline
Background information about aflatoxinsin Mozambique
Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique
Ongoing research and technology options
Gaps to be addressed
Gaps to be addressed
Infrastructure and human capacity building, polices
Equipping and certifying laboratories
Recruiting and training Mozambican technicians and students
Awareness raising
Advocacy, regulations and enforcement