Morfologija Izdanka
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![Page 1: Morfologija Izdanka](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022012310/55cf91fb550346f57b925bc8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Bocni pupoljak
Lisna drska
cvetTemeni pupoljak
Nodus ili cvorinternodija
Temeni pupoljak
Lisna plocaList
Osovinski koren
Bocni korenovi
Sistem Izdanaka
Korenov sistem
Stablo
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IZDANAK (stablo sa listovima i pupoljcima)
TEMENI PUPOLJAK
BOČNI PUPOLJAK
NODUS (čvor)
INTERNODIJA (članak)
LIST
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PUPOLJAK
A. TEMENI PUPOLJAK
B. BOČNI ILI PAZUŠNI PUPOLJAK
C. ZIMSKI PUPOLJAK
ADVENTIVNI PUPOLJCI
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Vegetaciona kupa stabla se sastoji od:
Protoderma (epidermis); Osnovnog meristema (parenhim);
Prokambijuma (provodna i mehanička tkiva)
Apikalni meristem stabla (Vegetaciona kupa izdanka)
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DUGI I KRATKI IZDANCIKRATAK
IZDANAK
DUGI IZDANAK
Larix sp.
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DUGI I KRATKI IZDANCI
Cedrus spp., kedar Pinus nigra, crni bor
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GRANANJE
3. 2.
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Monopodijalno grananje
Simpodijalno grananje
Picea omorica, Pančićeva omorika
Quercus sp., hrast
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Apikalni (primarni) meristemi izdanka (u pupoljcima)
Lateralni meristemi (felogen i kambijum)
Apikalni (primarni)meristemi korena
Kako biljke rastu ?
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Apikalni meristem
Protoderm
Osnovni meristem
Prokambijum
Primarni meristemi
epidermisprimarna korasrž
Provodni snopić
Lisni trag
floemkambijum
Primarni ksilem
Stablo primarne građe
ANATOMIJA STABLA
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OBLIK STABLA NA POPREČNOM PRESEKU
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KSILEM
FLOEM
KOLENHIM
PARENHIM KORE
SRŽNI ZRACI
TIP STABLA SA PROVODNIM SNOPIĆIMA
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I EPIDERMIS
II PRIMARNA KORA
III CENTRALNI CILINDAR
PERICIKL
Aristolochia sp.
Primarna građa stabla A. Tip stabla sa provodnim snopića
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Echinacea sp.
Sklerenhimske kape
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Primarna građa stabla
B. Tip stabla bez provodnih snopića
I Epidermis
II Primarna kora
III Centralni cilindar
Atropa belladona, velebilje
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Tip stabla bez
provodnih snopića
Ocimum basilicum,
bosiljak
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Tip stabla bez
provodnih snopića
Spartium junceum, žukva
epidermis
Likina vlakna
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Zea mays, kukuruzPrimarna građa stabla
biljaka klase
Liliopsida(Monocotyledones)
Zatvoreni kolateralni provodni snopići su uvek razbacani
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Ruscus sp., kostrika
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Raspored provodnih snopića u stablu:
1. biljke klase Liliopsida (Monocotyledones)
2. biljke klase Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledones)
2
1
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epidermis
floem
kambijum
ksilem
sržkora
KAKO STABLO DEBLJA
ILI
SEKUNDARNI RAST STABLA
KOD GOLOSEMENICA
I DRVENASTIH DIKOTILA
Formiranjem kambijalnog prstena I periderma
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KAKO NASTAJE SEKUNDARNO POKORIČNO
TKIVO PERIDERM epidermis
parenhim
felogen
pluta
epidermis
parenhim
parenhim
felogen
ostaci epidermisa
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1. Srž
2. Ksilem
3. Lenticela2
2
3
STABLO SEKUNDARNE GRAĐE
I Kora
II Sekundarno drvo
III Srž
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Lenticela
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SEKUNDARNA GRAĐA STABLA
I. KORA
II. SEKUNDARNO DRVO
III. SRŽ
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ksilem
floem
kambijum
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KAKO IZGLEDA MRTVA KORA ?
DRVO KORA
KAMBIJUM
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SEKUNDARNA GRAĐA STABLA ČETINARA
God
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Delovi sekundarne građe stabla čeitinara:
smoni kanali u kori i u drvetu
Samo traheide
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Taxus baccata, tisa
Sekundarna građa stabla golosemenica,
Samo traheide
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Primarna građa stabla
sa provodnim snopićima
Primarna građa korena
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Sekundarna građa korena
Sekundarna građa stabla
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METAMORFOZE NADZEMNOG IZDANKA
Listoliko stablo
Ruscus hypoglosum L.
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Voluminozno stablo
predstavnici fam. Cactaceae,
kaktusi
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IZDANCI PREOBRAĆENI U TRNOVE
Gleditschia sp., gledičija
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IZDANCI
PREOBRAĆENI U
RAŠLJIKE
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STOLONI kod jagode, Fragaria vesca
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METAMORFOZE PODZEMNIH IZDANKA
RIZOM
Zingiber officinale Rosc., đumbir
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Solanum tuberosum L., krompir
KRTOLA
Krtola krompira je poreklom od podzemnog izdanka a krtola ledinjaka od korena i to su ANALOGNI organi (imaju istu funkciju ali su različitog porekla).
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Ficaria verna,
ledinjak
Metamorfoza bočnih koenova u
korenske krtole
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LUKOVICA
Allium cepa L., crni luk
Gagea sp., baloće
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Urginea maritima, primorski luk sa najvećom lukovicom u Evropi
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REPASTO ZADEBLJALO STABLO
Brassica oleraceae var. gongyloides, keleraba
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POLJE RAZNOBOJNIH ZUMBULA SA LUKOVICAMA
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LIST (Folium)TIPOVI LISTOVA NA IZDANKU
1. KOTILEDONI, klicini ili prvi listovi
2. DONJI LISTOVI
3. SREDNJI LISTOVI ( pravi listovi)
4. GORNJI LISTOVI (brakteje)
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DELOVI LISTA
Lisna ploča, liska, lamina
Lisna drška petiola
Lisni zalisci stipule
Lisna osnova
Lisna osnova se može razviti u lisni rukavac ili lisne zalistke
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PROST I SLOŽEN LIST
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LISTOVI
PO
OBLIKU
MOGU
BITI
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OBOD LISTA
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VRH LISTA
OSNOVA LISTA
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NERVATURA LISTA
A. Paralelna do lučna
B. Mrežasta:
perasta i prstasta
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PERASTA PRSTASTA NERVATURA
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RASPORED LISTOVA NA STABLU
NAIZMENIČAN (SPIRALAN)
PRŠLJENAST (CIKLIČAN)
NASPRAMAN
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HETEROFILIJA I ANIZOFILIJA
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GRAĐA LISTA
Epidermis lica
Epidermis naličja
Kutikula lica
Kutikula naličja
Ksilem
Floem
Palisadni parenhim
Sunđerasti parenhim
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Epidermislica
Palisadno tkivo
Sunđerasto tkivo
Kutikula
Epidermisnaličja
stoma
stoma
ksilem
floemMehanička sara
Mehanička sara
stoma
stoma
kolenhimKutikula
stomaintercelulari
Pomoćna ćelija
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List bukve, Fagus silvatica
Biljka umereno vlažnih staništa - mezofita
Hipostomatičan list,
Stome samo na naličju lista
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POPREČNI PRESEK LISTA MASLINE, Olea europaea
Biljka suvih staništa - kserofita
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List lijandera Nerium sp.
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POPREČNI PRESEK LISTA VRIJESA, Erica carnea
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Poprečni presek lista eukaliptusa Eucalyptus sp., SEM
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POPREČNI PRESEK LISTA (ČETINE) BORA Pinus nigra
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POPREČNI PRESEK ČETINE BORA Pinus strobus
Smoni kanal
Hlorenhim
Endodermis
Ksilem
Floem
Stoma
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Poprecni presek lista (četine) kleke Juniperus spp.
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LICE LISTA
NALIČJE LISTA
BIFACIJALAN LIST
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METAMORFOZA LISTA U RAŠLJIKU (VITICU)
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LISTOVI U OBLIKU TRNOVA
fam. Cactaceae, kaktusi
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O2, H2O
CO2
Ksilem i floem
Funkcija lista
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FOTOSINTEZA JE
konverzija
svetlosne energije
u hemijsku
i izgradnja
organskih jedinjenja
HLOROPLASTI
HLOROPLAST
O2
H2O iz korena CO2
stroma
Glukoza
Grana tilakoida
6H2O + 6CO2 ----------------- C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Koren upija H2O i minerale
Listovi uzimaju CO2
a oslobađaju O2
U listovima se stvaraju šećeri
Floem provodi šećere od listova
Ksilem provodi vodu sa mineralima iz korena
Transpiracija preko listova
Koren uzima O2 a oslobađa CO2
DOBRO DRVO ŽIVOTA